Index of Manuscripts

Cambridge University Press 0521827175 - History and Memory in the Carolingian World Rosamond McKitterick Index More information

Index of manuscripts

AMSTERDAM, Universiteitsbibliotheek Pembroke College MS 108 281 S XV.G (81) 193–4 n.32 n.57

ASSISI, Biblioteca Communale CIVIDALE, Museo Archeologico San Francesco 585 79, 81–2 Nazionale MS XXVIII 79 n.84 BAMBERG, Staatsbibliothek MS 1 (Gospels) 167 Class. 54 Table 9.1, 190 E.III.3 105 n.89 COLOGNE, Dombibliothek MS 83, II 96 n.48 BERLIN, Deutsche Staatsbibliothek zu MS 164 122, 195 Berlin, Preussische Kulturbesitz MS 212 186, 187 Diez. B. Sant. 66 39 n.33, 46 n.62, 80–1, 208–9 COLOGNE, Historisches Archiv des lat. Qu. 364 193 n.32 Erzbistums Phillipps 1676 (50) (Egino Homiliary) Sankt Maria in Kapitol AII/18 21–2, 130, 53 271 Phillipps 1831 (128) 53, 95 Phillipps 1885+1896 53–9 COPENHAGEN, Kongelige Bibliotek Phillipps 1887 82 n.98 Gl. Kgl.S.163 Table 9.3, 212, 213–4, 240 Rhedigeranus 107 48 Gl. Kgl. 2158 4o 78 n.73 F84 193 n.30 BERN, Burgerbibliothek F86 193 n.30 MS 83 82 n.98 MS 289 239 DARMSTADT, Hessische Landes- und MS 330 194 n.32 Hochschulbibliothek MS 451 194 n.32 MS 4262 93 n.38, 94 MS 599 15, n.34 DUSSELDORF,¨ Universitätsbibliothek BRESCIA, Biblioteca Civica Queriniana MS D.1 (Essen Sacramentary) 167 cod. G.VI.7 166 EINSIEDELN, Stiftsbibliothek BRUSSELS, Bibliothèqueroyale MS 3565 97 n.55 MS 7666–71 141 n.27 FLORENCE, Biblioteca Medicea BUCKEBURG,¨ Niedersächsisches Laurenziana Archiv plut. 63.20 193 n.30 Dep. 3 Bedafragment III–VIB 93 n.38 plut. 65.1 47 plut. 68.1 Table 9.1, 190 CAMBRIDGE, University Library Kk.5.16 (Moore Bede) 39 n.34, 49, 75, FULDA, Hessische Landesbibliothek 209 fragm. 24 Table 9.1, 190

323

324 Index of manuscripts

GIESSEN, Universitätsbibliothek LUCCA, Biblioteca Capitolare MS 233 44 n.53 MS 490 33, 51–2, 194, 195 MS 688 82 n.98 LUXEMBOURG, Bibliothèque GOTHA, Forschungs- und nationale Landesbibliothek MS I:110 (olim 22) Table 9.2, 201 Membr I.75 98 Membr. I.101 43 n.46 MARBURG, Hessisches Staatsarchiv MS Hr. 4, 17 Table 9.3, 212 s’GRAVENHAGE (The Hague), Koninklijke Bibliotheek MILAN, Biblioteca Ambrosiana 74.J.19 77 n.73 C. 91inf. 240 n.95 C. 105inf. 47 HEIDELBERG, Universitätsbibliothek pal. lat. 894 Table 9.2, 210 MONTPELLIER, Bibliothèque pal. lat. 912 82 n.98 de la FacultédeMédecine H406 238 HEREFORD, Cathedral Library O.3.2 239 MUNICH, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek Clm 6220 188 JESIBiblioteca capitolare Clm 6308 188 8 (lost) 42, 190 Clm 6330 105 n.88 Clm 8112 189 n.9, 281 n.60 KARLSRUHE, Landesbibliothek Clm 14641 97 Aug. CLXVII 96 n.48 Clm 22053 (Wessobrunner Gebet) 27, Aug. CCLXI80 235, 262–4 Rastatt 22 189 n.9, 281 n.60 MUNICH, Hauptstaatsarchiv, KASSEL, Gesamthochschulbibliothek Hochstift Freising, lit. 3a 159 40 Ms astron. 2 Table 9.1, 190, 277 MUNSTER-IN-WESTFALEN,¨ 40 Ms hist 72a–c 82 n.98, 190 Staatsarchiv 20 Ms philol. 27 190, 202 MSC I243 93 n.38 40 Ms theol. qu. 2 Table 9.1, 190 NAPLES, Biblioteca Nazionale KOBLENZ, Staatsarchiv IV.A.8 195 MS 710/759 III Table 9.3, 212 ORLEANS, BibliothèqueMunicipale MS 184 82 n.26 LEIDEN, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit Perizoni 17 248 OXFORD, Bodleian Library Scaliger 28 98 Laud misc. 129 263 n.48 Voss. lat. Q.32 44, 194 n.32 Voss lat. Q.60 75 n.62, 211, Table 9.3, PARIS, Bibliothèquenationale de 212 France Voss. lat. Q.101 44 lat. 1 (Vivian Bible) 242, 246, 248 lat. 528 69 LEIPZIG, Stadtbibliothek lat. 753 80 129a 34–5 lat. 1141 242 lat. 1564 254 LONDON, British Library lat. 1750 42 n.44 Arundel 393 262 n.44 lat. 1791 239 Cotton Domitian A. VII 167 lat. 1850 211 n.101 Cotton Vespasian B. VI277 lat. 2718 270 Stowe 944 167 lat. 2769 260

Index of manuscripts 325

lat. 3859 252 pal. lat. 243 36, 55 n.86, Table 9.2, 201, lat. 4950 44 204, Table 9.3, 212 lat. 5596 16 pal. lat. 277 Table 9.2, 201, 204 lat. 5716 28 pal. lat. 814 Table 9.2, 201, 203 lat. 5724 194 n.34 pal. lat. 822 Table 9.2, 201, 203, lat. 5730 (Puteanus Livy) 42, 193 n.30, 239 203 pal. lat. 829 Table 9.2, 201, 203 lat. 5763 194 n.32 pal. lat. 833 Table 9.2, 201 lat. 6115 41 pal. lat. 886 42 n.44, 50, 201 lat. 7530 81 pal. lat. 899 190, Table 9.2, 201, 203, lat. 7906 15, Table 9.2,201 205 lat. 7950 193 n.30 pal. lat. 909 43 lat. 9434 168 n.41 pal. lat. 920 Table 9.2, 201, 204 lat. 9451 80 pal. lat. 966 Table 9.2, 201, 204 lat. 10318 82 n.97 pal. lat. 1448 Table 9.2, 201 lat. 10399, fol. 4,5 194 n.34 pal. lat. 1631 (Virgilius palatinus) 202, lat. 10910 37 203, 209 lat. 10911 13–19, 51 pal. lat. 1877 197–9, 236 lat. 12021 252 reg. lat. 213 124, 138–9 lat. 12048 (Sacramentary of Gellone) 235, reg. lat. 762 193 n.31, 203–4 261 reg. lat. 1021 251 lat. 12161 223, 238 reg. lat. 2077 223, 238 lat. 13090 265 lat. 13159 147 n.51 ROME, Chiesa di San Paolo fuori le mura lat. 14000, fol. 27 194 n.34 s.n. Third Bible of Charles the Bald 243, lat. 16024 193 n.32 248 lat. 17654 98 lat. 18237 12 ST GALLEN, Stiftsarchiv lat. 18282 194 n.34 MS C3 B55 164 n.a. lat. 1601 44 ST GALLEN, Stiftsbibliothek PERUGIA, Biblioteca Capitolare MS 22 (Golden Psalter) xii, 248 32 797 n.82 MS 108 80 MS 227 80 PFAFERS,¨ Stiftsarchiv in Stiftsarchiv MS 248 96 n.48 St Gallen MS 250 98 Codex Fabariensis 1 164–5, 175, MS 623 44 186 MS 635 79

ROME, Biblioteca angelica ST OMER, Biblioth`equemunicipale cod. 10 167–72 MS 697 50–1, 58 MS 706 50–1, 58, 112 ROME, Biblioteca apostolica vaticana Barberini lat. 679 253 ST PAUL IN LAVANTTAL, Stiftsarchiv Barberini lat. 2154 186 cod. 8/1 107 lat. 1873 190, 202, 203 lat. 3256 209 ST PETERSBURG, Saltykov-Schedrin lat. 3734 33 National Library lat. 3864 193 n.30, 203 F.v.1 194 n.35, 240 lat. 3867 209 F.v.IV.4 14 n.31, 21, 58, 112 lat. 5760, fols. i–ii 240 n.95 Q.v.IV.5 53–9 lat. 6808 252 Q.v.Class no. 9 53–9 pal. lat. 24 201, 202 n.67 pal. lat. 57 199 SALZBURG, St Peter, Archiv pal. lat. 170 Table 9.2, 201, 203 MS A1 163–4, 176–80

326 Index of manuscripts

SELESTADT, Stadtbibliothek VIENNA, Handschriftensammlung des MS 11 34 Haus-, Hof-, und Staatsarchivs Blau 70 159 MS STUTTGART, Württemburgische Landesbibliothek VIENNA, Osterreichische¨ MS theol. et phil. fol. 188 141 Nationalbibliothek n.27 cod. 430∗ 35 n.19, 36, 190, 281 n.59 cod. 449 143 n.34 TRIER, Domschatz cod. 473 14 n. 31, 17, 21, 24, 58, 113, MS 61 106 121–3, 128, 139, 146, Table 9.3, 212, 215–16 cod. 510 19, 130 n.35 TURIN, Biblioteca Nazionale cod. 515 4 n. 13, 104, 105–7 F.IV.18 195 cod. 751 189, 281 F.IV.29 240 n.95 cod. 1616 80 P. graec. 29810 47 n.63 UTRECHT, Bibliotheek der Rijksuniversiteit WETZLAR, Staatsarchiv MS 32 (Utrecht Psalter) 163 MS 46 239 WINCHESTER, Cathedral Library VALENCIENNES, Bibliothèque MS XXV 281 n.57 Municipale MS 33 211 n.101 WOLFENBUTTEL,¨ Herzog August MS 95(88) Table 9.3, 212 Bibliothek MS 293 262 n.46 Helmsted. 513 80 MS 330bis Table 9.3, 212 Weissenburg 99 264 n.50 MS 545(499) Table 9.3, 212 WURZBURG,¨ Universitätsbibliothek M.p.th.f.46 Table 9.3, 212 VERCELLI, Biblioteca Capitolare Cod. CLXV 27, 235, 256–9 ZURICH,¨ Zentralbibliothek Cod. CLXXVII 44 MS Rh.hist.27 165

General index

Aachen 102, 106, 107, 122, 266, 267; Ancyra, council of 255 assembly at 127 Angenendt, A. 148 a-b script 194, 240 Angilram, bishop of Metz 67, 76, 124 Abd-ar-Rahman 266 Anglo-Saxon Chronicle 279, 280 Abodrites see Obodrites Anglo-Saxon historiography 279–81 Adalhard, abbot of Corbie 67, 194, 240 Annales Bertiniani (Annals of St Bertin) 50, Adalhard, abbot of St Amand 172 51, 101, 112, 128 n.33, 218 Adalperga, duchess of Benevento 63, 67, Annales breves fuldenses 190 68 Annales Einhardi see Annales regni Adalung 197 francorum, revised version Adam 36, 55, 107, 191, 215 Annales fuldenses 21, 22, 33–5, 101, 218 Admonitio generalis (789) 91, 172, 250 n.1; Bavarian continuation 34–5 Adomnan, abbot of Iona 178 Annales laureshamenses 108 Adoptionism 64–5, 66, 74, 104, 109 Annales mettenses priores 21, 125, 130 n.35; Aeneas 10, 15, 40, 56, 125, 210, 209 on Pippin III’s accession 136 n.11 Aethelstan, king of England 164 Annales mosellani 108 Aethelwulf, king of the Mercians 166 Annales nazariani 201 Aethicus Ister 181 Annales regni francorum 29, 33, 51, 75, Agilulf, king of the Lombards 71 196; account of conquest of Lombards Airlie, S. 4, 5 61; audience for 127, 129–31; on Aistulf, king of the Lombards 74, 153 Bernard of Italy 266, 271; on Alans 10, 11 Charlemagne 154; composition of Alaric, leader of the Visigoths 56, 193, 101–4, 110–11; dissemination of 24, 229, 234 111–13, 121, 154, 272, 280; Frankish Alboin, king of the Lombards 71 identity in 23; manuscripts of 8, 14, Alcimus Avitus 222 16–22, 50, 58, Table 9.3, 212, 215; on Alcuin 42, 46, 64, 109, 197, 206; De Pippin III’s accession 136, 137, 141–2, rhetorica 243; epitaph of Virgil of 151–4; originality of 99; political Salzburg 18; in Liber vitae of Salzburg ideology in 120, 123, 126–7, 131–2; 184; mentioned by Notker 221; northern reception of 128–30; structure of 100; annals connected with 279; poems on text of 113–18; revised version 4, 111, Salzburg 176; use of word imperium 114 115, 127, 153; on Tassilo 3–5, 175 Alexander the Great 28, 55; letter from 17 annals, minor 21, 102; Paschal 97 Alexandrian cycle 90–1 Annals of Fulda see Annales fuldenses Alfred the Great, king of Wessex 167 Annals of St Bertin see Annales Bertiniani Amandus, saint 210 Annals of St Vaast 51 Amatus, abbot of Remiremont 167 anno domini 91, 92 see also Christian era, Ambrose 213, 222, 225 and Incarnation Ammianus Marcellinus 40, 41, 42, 189, annus mundi 93, 94 190, 202, 207 anointing, of Pippin 135 n.7, 136 n.11, Anastasius Bibliothecarius 48 137, 141, 144; of Charlemagne and Anchises 125 Carloman 137, 141

327

328 General index

Anonymus Valesianus 55, 56 Bavaria, history writing in 174–5 Ansa, queen of the Lombards 166 Bavarians 4, 5 Anschisus 125 Becher, M. 4, 5 Anselperga, daughter of Desiderius 166 Bede 39, 42, 49, 57, 221, 222; Bede, Antenor 11 computus 201; Chronica maiora 36, 51, Antinous 225 201, 214; De natura rerum 51; De antique codices, survival of 201–4, 206 temporibus 53, 92; De temporum ratione Aquileia 74, 80, 167; council of (796) 64 36, 53, 86, 92, 99, 277; dissemination of Aquitaine, conquest of 153 De temporum ratione 92–6, Table 9.3, Arbeo, bishop of Freising 178, 181 212; dissemination of Historia Arians 220, 228, 230, 234, 258 ecclesiastica 209; Historia ecclesiastica 75, Arichis, brother of Paul the Deacon 67 92, 93, 194 n.96, 190, 276, 279; use of Arichis, duke of Benevento 67; epitaph for word imperium 114 68 Benedict of Nursia, translatio of 107 Aristotle, letter to 17 Benedict, Rule of 88 Arius 220, 234 Benevento 70, 74 Arno, bishop of Salzburg 180, 184, 185, Berengar, Frankish emperor 275 206, 211; embassy to Rome 183 Bernard, king of Italy 117, 118, Arnulf, bishop of Metz 125 265–9 Arras 201 Bertha, queen of the Franks 18 assemblies 127 Bertmund of Lyons 268 Asser 279, 280 Bertrada, mother of Charlemagne 117, Assyrians 54, 56 144 Astronomer, Vita Hludowici imperatoris 58 Bethmann, L. 77 112, 121, 128, 129 n.33; dating of 267 Bible 31, 56, 183, 218, 219, 221; correct n.5; dissemination of 272; on Bernard of text of 241–2 Italy 267–8, 270, 271 bibliographical handbooks 239 Athanasius 234 biography 29, n.3 Attigny, synod of (762) 163, 179 Birnam wood 11 Attila the Hun 57 Bischoff, B. 46, 80, 81, 211; on Lorsch audience 2, 22, 23, 27, 36, 52; audience 199–200; on royal library 209 for Frankish history 111, 128, 272, 273; Bobbio 47, 194, 205 for Latin texts 32; for Paul the Deacon’s Boethius 192 Historia langobardorum 81–3; for history Boniface 93, 95 n.46, 152, 189; historical in canon law 255 dossier 189, 281; role of in Pippin III’s Audovera, queen of the Franks 11 anointing 142, 150 Augsburg 262 books, burning of 218–20, 234, 235, Augustine of Hippo 84, 188, 213, 222, 258–9; copying of 201; of emperors 276; 262; relics of 55 images of 258–9 Augustus 207, 219 booty 205 Aulus Gellius 202 Borst, A. 96 Aurelius Victor 194, 208, 275 Bouchard, C. B. 156 Aureolus, count 127 Brescia, convent of 166, 171; Liber vitae of Authari, king of the Lombards 71 166 author portraits 242 Breves notitiae of Salzburg 181 authorship 2, 36 Brittany 127 autographs 104 Buchner, M. 140, 141 Auxerre 41 Burchard, bishop of W¨urzburg 137, 142, Avars 4, 72, 83, 106; Pippin of Italy’s 143, 152 victory over 81; treasure of 106, Burgred, king of the Mercians 166 205 Burgundians 10 burning of books see books baptism 210 Byzantine historiography 277–9, 281 barbarian history 48–50 Byzantium 36, 73, 191; envoys from 266, Bartholomew, St 225 267

General index 329

Caesar, Julius 41, 193, 194 Charles the younger, son of Charlemagne Caesarius, bishop of Arles 225, n.21 124, 125 Calendar of 354 186 charters 5–6, 155 Canisius, H. 109, 110 Chelles 152, 171, 194, 241, 254; and canon law 249–59 Annales mettenses priores 125; history canon, of knowledge 275 n.36; of scripture books at 194, 206, 239 see Scripture Childebrand, uncle of Pippin III 124, Canones apostolorum 257 138 cantors 6 Childeric III, king of the Franks 15, 18, capitular uncial 93 142, 144; deposition of 133, 134, 136, Capitulare missorum generale (802) 104 137, 138, 151 Capitulare monasticum (816/817) 169 Chilperic II, king of the Franks 16 capitularies 83, 155, 207; dissemination of Chlodio, king of the Franks 11, 13 270 Christensen, T. 230, 231 Carloman brother of Charlemagne 117, Christian era 91, 92, 100; see also 153 charters of 140; succession of 139 Incarnation, year of Carloman, brother of Pippin III 16, 116, Christian history 45–6 124, 150, 151; retirement of 133; visit of Christmas 87, 100, 113 to Rome 142–3 Christological debates 234, 249, 257 caroline minuscule 180, 200; Lorsch type Chrodegang, bishop of Metz 122, 143 202 n.36, 149, 150, 196 Carruthers, M. 2 Chromatius, bishop of Aquileia 228, 229 cartularies 24, 25, 156, 157–62, 172–3, Chronicon laurissense breve 21, 35–6, 51, 186, 282; arrangement of documents in 190, Table 9.3, 212, 214 159–60 Chronicon salernitatum 78 cartularius 6 Chronicon universale 99 Cassian, John 222 chronology 86–97, 118, 140, 227 Cassiodorus 46, 193, 194, 223; Chrotildis see Clothild Institutiones 45, 233, 247 church, history of 26 Cassiodorus-Epiphanius see Historia Cicero 192, 202 ecclesiastica tripartita Cividale 64, 80, 167 chant 148–9 Clausula de unctione Pippini 138, 140–1 Charlemagne, king of the Franks and clocks 89 emperor 18, 42, 122, 127, 208, 216; Clothild 13, 16 annexation of Bavaria 174; campaigns of Clovis, king of the Franks 13, 16, 152; 117, 118; charters of 140; conquest of baptism of 214 Lombard kingdom by 60–3, 82–3, 125, Codex epistolaris carolinus 144–5 204; coronation of 104; court of 66, 77, Coleman, J. 2, 191 101; gift of books to 33, 195; in Annales Collectio corbeiensis 252, 254 regni francorum 20, 34, 109, 114, 154; in Collectio hispana 51 Salzburg Liber vitae 179, 183; interest in Collectio pithouensis 252, 254 computus of 96; library of 46, 81, 208–9; Collectio sanblasiana 51 patron of Paul the Deacon 67; promotes Collins, R. 124, 139, 144, 151 Bible 241–2; succession of 139, 269; and Cologne 206, 215; archbishops of 241 Tassilo 3–5 Columba 178 Charles Martel, mayor of the palace 18, commemoration 85, 156, 157, 168, 173, 56, 100, 124, 125, 142, 151; death of 186; 282–3 102, 114, 122, 133; in Historia community, textual 26, 39, 220, 221, langobardorum 55, 72, 73, 76; in Liber 244 historiae francorum 15–16 compater 148 Charles the Bald, king of the Franks and computus 53, 91–2, 84 emperor 20, 112, 154, 169, 211, 216; Concilium germanicum (742/743) 93, 143 coronation of at Metz 128; examples of n.35 Roman emperors for 208; education of confraternity book see Libri vitae 275; patronage of 128, 130 Conrad, Count 28, 59

330 General index

Constantine, Roman emperor 56, 220, diplomacy, Frankish 126; Byzantine 126 260; image of 259, 263; promotion of n.27 Bible by 234, 241 Diptychon barberini 186 Constantinople 255 Divisio regnorum (806) 125, 127, 269, 270 Conversio bagoariorum 180, 184 Domitian, Roman emperor 207 Corbie 200, 216, 240, 241; history books Donatists 220 at 41, 193, 206 Donatus, grammarian 222 Cornford, B. 74 Dositheus, grammarian 222 correctio 241 dossiers at synods 219 Cosmographia see Aethicus Ister Drogo, son of Carloman 142 councils, oecumenical 249 Duchesne, L. 33 court, Frankish royal 101–2, 109, 184, Dudo of St Quentin 57 197, 200; role of in the promotion of Durham, Liber vitae of 167, 168 n.41, 280 history 20, 21–2, 206–8; role of in Dutton, Paul 103 dissemination of annals 113, 130, 131, 271 Easter 87, 107, 113; date of 89–91, 95, 96; court, Lombard 205; library of 205 Easter tables 51, 53, 91, 93 n.38, 95, Cozroh of Freising 158–9, 162, 188 97–100 creed 210 Ebbo, archbishop of Rheims 6–7 Cresconius, Concordia canonum 253, 256, Eberhard, count of Friuli 275 258 Eberhard of Fulda 158 Cunincpert, king of the Lombards 71, Eccard, count of Mâcon275 73 ecclesiastical history see under church, Cyriacus legend 260–1, 262 history of Echternach 182 n.26 Dado, bishop of Verdun 170 Edgar, king of England 167 Dagobert I, king of the Franks 122, 210 Eggert, W. 1 Dagobert III, king of the Franks 15 Egino, bishop of Verona 96 Damasus, pope 195, 213 Einhard 44, 136, 201, 204, 205; annals Danes 127, 266, 267 attributed to 34, 111; education of 189; Daniel, vision of 55 preface to Vita Karoli 272; Vita Karoli Dares Phrygius 15, 40, 201 19, 22, 24, 96, 196, 215, 280; Vita dating clause 140–1 Karoli date of composition 29–30; Vita dating mechanism 87–8, 100–101, 107 Karoli dissemination of 14, 57, 58, 112, Davis, R. 144 121, 123, Table 9.3, 212, 272, 273; Vita De Jong, M. 165, 189, 210, 276 Karoli on Bernard of Italy 269–70; Vita De laudibus sanctae crucis 263 Karoli on Pippin III’s usurpation 133; De viris illustribus 221–6 Vita Karoli read by Lupus 274 dead, prayers for 186 Ekkehard of St Gallen 46 death rituals 172 elephant in Francia 109 Delogu, P. 61 elite 22, 86, 128, 130, 131, 154; definition Denis, St 148 of 5–7 Deodericus, bishop of Metz 53 embassies to Franks 126, 206 Desiderius, abbot of Monte Cassino 78 Emmeram, bishop 178 Desiderius, king of the Lombards 61, 63, empires 227 67, 74, 166, 205; daughter of 123 encyclopaedia, Carolingian see time dimension see size Epiphanius 26, 46, 48, 193, 194, 233, 246 Dingolfing, synod of (c. 770) 179, 180 epitaphs, papal 201 Diocletian, Roman emperor 223, Edict of Erchempert of Monte Cassino 78 220 n.6 Eric, count of Friuli 126 Dionysiana collection of canon law 95, 250, Ermentrude, queen of the Franks 169 251, 256 Ermintrude, Magyar victim 170 Dionysio-Hadriana 188, 206, 250, 251, Essen 167 255, 256; manuscripts of 256 Esther 210 Dionysius Exiguus 91, 92, 95 ethnographic history 55–7

General index 331

Eugippius 222 Freiburg school 156 Eusebius of Caesarea 46, 47, 193; Freising, cartulary of 158–9, 160, 175, influence of 226–7, 245, 246; style of 188; scriptorium of 188 230; see also Eusebius-Rufinus Frisians 104 Eusebius-Jerome, Chronicle 207, 227, 236, Frontinus 40, 42, 190 277 Frothar, bishop of Toul 265, 266, 270 Eusebius-Rufinus, Historia ecclesiastica 26, Fulda 35, 92 n.33, 192, 197, 262, 263, 45, 226–33; dissemination of 207; in 274; cartulary of 157–8, 159, 160; library catalogues 236–8; manuscripts of history at 42–3, 188–90, 281 193, 194, 200, 201, Table 9.3, 212, Fulrad, abbot of St Denis 137, 142, 143, 213–14, 239–40; recommended by 144, 149, 150, 152 Notker 223; see also Rufinus Eutropius 40, 41, 42–3, 50, 54, 57, 190 Gargano 167 exemplar 38, 202–7 Gauzlin, abbot of St Amand 128, 172, exile, monastic 69, 268 211, 216 Geary, P. 2, 156, 159 Faramund, Frankish ruler 11, 12, 16 Gelasian Sacramentary 149 Farfa 33 Gelasius of Caesarea 229 Fastidius 225 Genealogia regum francorum 58 Fastrada, queen of the Franks 179 genealogies 279; of the Carolingians 121, Felix of Urgel 64 123, 125 Fentress, J. 3 Gennadius 223–6 Ferrandus of Carthage, Breviatio canonum gens, see Franks 126, 128 256, 257 Gentilly, council of (767) 153 Ferrières 41 geography 13, 18, 75, 226, 232, 247 Festus, lexicographer 42, 67 George the monk, Chronicle of 278 Fichtenau, H. 108, 109 Gerberding, R. 125 filioque 64 n.15, 65, 210 Gerward of Lorsch 43, 130, 202 n.68 Flavius Josephus see Josephus Gesta Dagoberti 214 Fleury 15 n.34, 182 n.26, 193, 216; Gesta episcoporum mettensium see Paul the history books at 41 Deacon Florus, Roman historian 201 Geuenich, D. 2 Florus the Deacon of Lyons 218 Gibbon, E. 135 format of books 202–3 Gisela, Charlemagne’s sister 125, 206, Forstner, K. 184 239 Fouracre, P. 125 Gisela, daughter of Charlemagne 62, fragmentum chesnii 108 148 Francogallia 134–6 Gislebert, Lotharingian count 170 Frankfurt, synod of (794) 64, 65, 66, 104, Godofrid, Danish ruler 127 109 godparenthood 148 Franks 1, 5; as a gens 114–15, 126, 128, Goffart, W. 70, 73, 124 151; name of 11; origin of 8, 10; Golden Age of the eighth century 127, perception of the past of 7, 8, 283 131 Freculf, bishop of Lisieux 46, 48, 201, Goths 55, 57 275 Gottschalk of Orbais 218–19 Fredegar, Carolingian edition of Chronicle graffiti 167 of 14, 37, 75; Chronicle of 13, 22, 36, Greek, knowledge of 262; translation of 51, 57, 58, 100, 124, 196, 215; 233, 238 n.76 Continuations of Chronicle of 16–18, 21, Green, D. 172 112, 114, 121, 124; Continuations of Gregory I, the Great, pope 55, 67, 107, Chronicle of on Pippin III’s usurpation 188, 224, 242; Cura/Regula pastoralis 137; dating of Continuations of 222, 224 Chronicle of, 138–40; manuscripts of Gregory II, pope 52, 175, 212 Continuations of Chronicle of 140 Gregory III, pope 122, 146 Fredegund, queen of the Franks 11 Gregory VII, pope 134, 135

332 General index

Gregory of Tours 9, 10, 49, 58; De gloria catalogues 236–8; manuscripts of 240; confessorum 141; Historiae 36, 37, 50, 98, on True Cross 260; see also Epiphanius 275, 276; knowledge of Historiae 152; on Historia tripartita see Historia ecclesiastica Sunday 89; Paul the Deacon’s use of tripartita Historiae 75; six-book version of historical mindedness 273–7 Historiae of 14 historical miscellany 50–9; of St Amand Grifo, brother of Pippin III 16, 142, 152, 215–16 153 historiography, Anglo-Saxon 279–80; Grimoald, duke of Benevento 70 Byzantine 278–9; Chinese, 1–2, n.2; Grimoald, king of the Lombards Islamic 1 n.2, 277 71 history books 39–50; in school 44; official Grimoald, son of Pippin I122 101–2 Guenée,B. 2 Hitto, bishop of Freising 158, 159, 188 H1, scribe 177 Holy Land 232, 248 Hadoard of Corbie, Collectanea 38 Honorius Augustodunensis 244 Hadrian, Roman emperor 225 Hotman, F. 134–6; Francogallia 134, 135; Hadrian I, pope 62, 116, 241, 250; epitaph De feudis 135 for 106, 108 hours, monastic 88 Hadrianum Sacramentary 206 Housman, A. E. 38 Haimo, scribe 28 Hraban Maur, abbot of Fulda and hair, symbolic meanings of 73 archbishop of Mainz 221, 222, 274; Halbwachs, M. 3, 85 biblical exegesis by 242–3, 276; Halphen, L. 102 encouragement of history writing by Hardrad, count, conspiracy of 19, 117, 158, 188–9, 282; on the Cross 263; use 271 of Josephus 46, 210; use of Justinus 94 harisliz 4 Hucbald of St Amand 211, 212, 214–15 Häse, A. 197 Hunric, abbot of Mondsee 183 Haselbach, I. 141 Huns 10 Hegesipppus 45, 46, 193, 194, 201, Hunuald, duke of the Aquitainians 116, Table 9.3, 212, 225 122 Heiric of Auxerre 38, 41, 42 Hyginus 202 Helena, mother of Emperor Constantine Hypatia 234 56, 228, 229, 260; image of 259, 263 identity, Anglo-Saxon 115 n.111; elite 7; Hen, Y. 2, 73 Frankish 18, 23, 26, 27, 85, 114–15, heresy 220 118, 126, 221; group 172, 177, 179, Hetti, archbishop of Trier 265, 266, 220, 282–3 270 Ilias latina 40 Hexapla 231 images 153 Hildebold, archbishop of Cologne Incarnation 107; year of 87, 88, 93, 95, 96, 95 97, 126 Hildegard, queen of the Franks 18, 123, indiction 87 125, 215 information, dissemination of 270 Hilderic of Monte Cassino 67, 69 Ingelheim 5, 267 Hilduin, abbot of St Denis 103, 141 n.27, Innes, M. 2, 29, 30 214, 266 insular minuscule 93, 94 Hincmar, archbishop of Rheims 48, 57, intertextuality 2 112; condemns Gottschalk 218 inventio sanctae crucis see True Cross Historia augusta see Scriptores historiae Iona, monks of 178, 182 augustae Irenaeus 231 Historia brittonum 279 Irish names 178 Historia ecclesiastica tripartita 26, 206, 207, Irmingard, book for 276 223, 233–4, 235, 241, 246; account of Isidore of Seville 49, 55, 201, 204, 222; De Nicaea 258; copies of 194; in library viris illustribus 224, 246, 247; De viris

General index 333

illustribus manuscripts 238–9; Lex alemannorum 87 Etymologiae 56; on memory 162 Lex baiuvariorum 184 Islamic historiography see historiography Lex salica, prologue 12 Ismere charter 88 Lex salica karolina 12 libellus of annals 108 Jahn, J. 159 Libellus precum from Fleury 182 n.26 Jakobi, F.-J. 186 Liber historiae francorum 8, 9–13, 29, 32, Jarrow, books from 93–4 36, 126 n.25, 196, 201, 282; definition Jeremiah 219 of Franks in 114; manuscript Jerome, patristic scholar 43, 45, 47, 195, transmission of 13–19, 24, 58, 112, 213, 222, 228, 243; Chronicle 56, 58; 121–2, 134–19, 201, Table 9.3, commentary on Daniel 55; letters of 212 222; scenes from life of 243, 248 Liber pontificalis 22, 24, 76, 187, 215, 236; Jerome, brother of Pippin III 122 composition of 51–2; dissemination of Jerome-Gennadius 245, 247; De viris 32–3, 144–5; Frankish recension of illustribus 26, 192, 223–6; De viris 146–8; Lombard recension of 52; illustribus in library catalogues 236–8; manuscripts of 121, 122, Table 9.3, 212, manuscripts of 238–9 213, 215; on Pippin III 142–5; Paul the Jewish history 45–6, 56 Deacon’s use of 75 Jews, attitude towards 59, 231 n.39 library catalogues, 189, 190, 192, 194, John Chrysostom 222 235, 236–8 Jonas, bishop of Orleans 123 library, monastic 200–1; royal 39 n.34, 41 Jordanes 49, 55, 56, 194, 201, 204, Libri carolini 191 Table 9.3, 212, 276 Libri memoriales see Libri vitae Josephus 45, 46–7, 190, 193, 194, 201, Libri vitae 24–25, 162–72, 186, 182 see 210, 236 n.67 also Brescia, Durham, Remiremont, Jouarre 98, 152, 248 Pfäfers, Reichenau, St Gallen, Salzburg Judith, empress, books for 276 linguistic turn 2 Julian 234 litanies, Frankish 147 Julian calendar 90 literacy 5–7, 31–2, 85, 86, 161, 173, 168, Justinus 40, 41, 43–4, 54, 57, 189, 193, 188 194 liturgy 188 Juvencus 222 Liutberga, wife of Tassilo 4 Liutprand, king of the Lombards 55, 56, Katz, E. 107 70, 71, 74, 76, 212; compared with Kéry, L. 250 Charlemagne 72 Kings, Book of 188 Livy 40, 41, 42, 193, 194, 202; at Tours kingship 23, 82; Carolingian 151–5; 203–4; cited by Lupus of Ferrières274; Lombard 71–2 Epitome of 201 kinship, spiritual 73 n. 54 Lombard kingdom 36; conquest of 60, Krüger. K. H. 29 204, 208 Krusch, B. 10, 16 Lombards 4, 5, 57, 114, 145 Kurze, F. 19–20, 21, 33, 34, 103, Lorsch, Aeneid at 209; history books at 14, 111 35, 42, 196–206, 210, 238–9; library Landolfus sagax 40 n.36, 43 catalogue of 197–9; monastery of 26, Laon 215 109, 130, 192, 196, 241; scriptorium of Lateran 212; clerks of 33 46, 197, 199–200; Torhalle 197 Latin 30, 31–2, 139 Lorsch annals 4, 65, 104–110, 112 Le Goff, J. 87 Lorsch Chronicle 201, 204 leges 207 Lothar, I, king of the Franks and emperor legitimacy 127 20, 62, 154, 267, 276; books for 276 Leo I, pope 90, 222 Lothar II, Frankish king 169, 170 Leo II, pope 195 Louis II, emperor 62 Leo III, pope 122 Louis the German, king of the Franks 20, Leo of Ostia 78 154, 169, 196; books for 276

334 General index

Louis the Pious, Frankish emperor 20, 34, Murbach 43, 166, 194; history books at 40 118, 123, 127, 160, 216, 265; arming of n.37, 41 73; books for 276; court of 29; monastic music see chant reforms of 169; treatment of Bernard of musical notation 6 Italy 267–8 Lowe,E.A.93 Nails 263 Lucan 44, 201 Nazarius, St 196 Lucca, historical miscellany 22 Nelson, J. L. 63 Lull, archbishop of Mainz 94, 178, 188, New Testament 237; canon see Scripture; 196, 281 history 45 Lupus of Ferri`eres41, 192, 208, 274, Nibelung, count 138, 139 275–6, 281; reading of 194 Nicaea 255; Nicaea I, synod of (325) 228, Lyons 206 258; Nicaea II, synod of (787) 219 Nicephorus, Chronographikon 278 Maassen, F. 250, 253–5 Nicetas of Remesiana 107 Maccabees 45, 210, 276 Nichomachus, grammarian 222 Magdalino, P. 2 Nile ﬂood guage 229 Magyar victims 170, 171 Nithard 57, 128, 129 n.33, 214; on Mainz 216 Bernard of Italy 268, 271 Manichees 220 n.6 Noah 215; Noah’s ark 192 Marcellinus Comes 50 Noble, T. 144, 191 Marcomir 11 Northern annals 108, 279, 280 Mark, saint 225 Notitia galliarum 50 Markoupoulos, A. 279 Notker Balbulus of St Gallen 129 n.33, Marsiglio of Padua 135 221, 244 martyrology 256; of Hraban Maur 189, numeracy 86 281; of Tallaght 178, 182 Maximin 222 OCr´´ oin´ın,D. 97 mayors of the palace 114 Obodrites 106, 127, 267 Meginhar, count 117, 271, 272 Odilo, duke of the Bavarians 116, 160, 181 Meginhard of Fulda 34 Oexle, O.-G. 2 memory 84–6, 161–2, 188, 218, 272, 273; Old Testament 201; canon of see Scripture; Alcuin on 243; collective (shared) 3, 5, history 45; prophets 177, 183–4 118, 154, 155, 177, 282–6; Olympiad 87 contemporary 27; elite 7; established by opposition to Carolingian rule 117–18, communication 85; Franks’ of 271–2 Lombards 76; institutional 158, 177; orality 85, 161, 173 n.54 Isidore on 162; organization of 30, 86; Orderic Vitalis 57 social 3, 35, 85, 157, 174; techniques of Ordinatio imperii (817) 29, 35, 269, 270 2; of Tassilo 4; and writing 8, 150, 162, organ 153 172–3 Origen 222, 225, 228, 229, Hexapla 231 Merovech, king of the Franks 13 Origo gentis langobardorum 75–6 Merovingian kings 82, 133, 152, 186; Orosius 43, 45, 46, 107, 188, 193, 194; belittling of 18, 76, 113, 123, 124, 126; Gennadius on 225; manuscript Paul the Deacon on 72 dissemination of 201, 206, Table 9.3, Merrills, A. 13 212, 225; use of 47–8 Metz 200; coronation at 128 orthodoxy 226, 249 Milo 211 Otto I, German emperor 42 mnemonic devices 2 Otto III, German emperor 42 Moaetian marshes 10–11 Oulton, J. 229, 230, 231 Mondsee, cartulary of 159–60, 175 Monte Cassino 67, 78; Paul the Deacon at Pactus legis salicae 12 68–9, 71 palaces 154 Mordek, H. 253 palimpsests 201–2 Mount Soracte 133 Pamphilus 225

General index 335

Pani, L. 77 popes, political role of 134, 145; relations Pantaenus 225 of with Franks 24; see also Gregory II, Paris, churches of 13 Hadrian I, Leo III, Stephen II(III), Parkes, M. 93 Zacharias Passau, cartulary of 160, 175 porphyry columns 149 Passover 89 prayer associations 163 past, construction of 3, 85, 119 predestination 219 patristic authors 232 Priam 11 Patzold, B 1 Primasius 222 Paul I, pope 144, 145, 146–7, 149, Priscian, grammarian 222 Paul the Deacon 49; career of 66–9; at professions, monastic 164, 165 Charlemagne’s court 66, 75; epitaph of Prosper of Aquitaine 46, 56 69; Gesta episcoporum mettensium 67, 76, Prudentius, bishop of Troyes 112, 218 124; Historia langobardorum 23, 36, 60, Prudentius, Psychomachia 211 61, 68, 70–7, 190, 275, 276; Historia Prüm168 langobardorum, epitome of 55, 57; pulsantes 177 Historia romana 40, 42, 43, 63, 67, 68, 74; Homiliary 68, 207; Life of Gregory quadrivium 86 the Great 68; manuscript dissemination Quartodecimans 89–90 of the Historia langobardorum 77–82; Quierzy 180; synod of (849) 218–19 poems of 68–9 Quintus Curtius Rufus 28, 29, 40, 41, 59, Paul, St 135 n.7 193 Paulinus, archbishop of Aquileia 64–6, 67 Pavia, 62; capture of 205 Ragamfred, mayor of the palace of Paxton, F. 172 Neustria 16 Pelagius 225 Ranke, L. von 101 Perctarit, king of the Lombards 73 Ratchis, king of the Lombards 67, 74 Péronne 182 n.26 Ravenna 47 Pertz, G. 111 reading 191–2, 216–17, 247 Peter of Pisa 66, 68, 81 reform councils (813) 127 Peter the Deacon of Monte Cassino 78 reforms, Carolingian 207 Peter, St, 135 n.7, 145, 150; works of 225 Regensburg 160 Petronilla 146–8, 150 Reginbert of Reichenau 165, 168 Pfäfers, Liber viventium of 164–2, 175, 186 Reginhar, count 117, 271 pilgrims 167 Regino of Prüm, Chronicon 35, 135 n.7 Pippin II, mayor of the palace 35, 100 regnal years see dating mechanisms Pippin III, king of the Franks 124, 184, Reichenau 92 n.33, 168, 192; history 208, 241; court of 180; education of books at 41, 44, 46, 194, 237; Liber vitae 148; haircut of 55, 56–7, 73; in Annales of 165, 176; Lorsch annals at 107, 110 regni francorum 4–5, 16, 18, 20, 114–16, Reimitz, H. 14, 218, 216 151–4; later commentary on 134–6; Remedius, bishop of Rouen 149 patron of Virgil of Salzburg 181; reforms Remigius, archbishop of Rheims 214 of 149; queries to Pope Zacharias Remiremont 179; Liber memorialis of 25, 95 n.46; usurpation of Merovingian 169–72, 179, 186, 282, 283 throne 24, 61, 133, 137–8 Reuter, T. 34 Pippin, king of Italy, 23, 82, 269, baptism Revelation, Book of 162 of 62; books associated with 80–1; court Reviser see Annales regni francorum of 80–2; victory over the Avars 81 Rex crinitus 11–12 Pippin the Hunchback, conspiracy of 19, Rheims 35, 50, 206, 212, 214, 216 117 Rhythmus langobardum 47 Plato 262 Richbod, abbot of Lorsch and archbishop Plectrude, wife of Pippin II 125 of Trier 109–10, 197 Plegwin, Bede’s letter to 92 Richer of Rheims 41 Pohl, Walter 76 Rictrudis 214 Pompeius Trogus 40, 43, 54, 189, 194 Robert of Torigni 57

336 General index

Robinson, R. 202 Satan 265, 268 Roman history 40, 188–210, 216 Saxons 4, 5, 83, 104, 106, 214; conquest Roman saints 177, 178 of 63, 153; origin of 42 Romans 10, 58, 59, 114; oppression of by Scharer, A. 2 Lombards 61 Scheibelreiter, G. 2 Romarch, abbot of Remiremont 167 Schmid, K. 2, 169 Rome 47, 90, 95, 125, 183, 255; churches Schwarzach 163, 168 of 52; foundation of 87; Franks and 104, scribes, copying practices 38–9, 200–4 122, 191, 208, 209, 215; heirs to 27, script, of Lorsch 200 283; history of 40, 193, 203–4, 206–8, Scriptores historiae augustae 40, 41, 42, 190, 256; sack of (410) 193 201, 205 Romulus 55 Scripture, canon of 230–1, 232–3 Rose, V. 53, 54 Scythians 54 Rosenwein, B. 156 Sedulius 222 Rotgaud of Friuli 62, 63, 67 Sedulius Scottus of Liège42 n.44, 123; Rothari, king of the Lombards 72 Liber de rectoribus christianis 48, 50 royal Frankish annals, see Annales regni Seneca 201 francorum Serapis, temple of 228 royal library 46 Sergius I, pope 212 Rudolf of Fulda 34, 42, 189 Shepard, J. 278 Rufinus of Aquileia 45, 193, 227–33, 235, Sicambra 11 245, 246; compared with Eusebius 207; Sigebert of Gembloux 244 copies of 194; on the True Cross 259 size of books 202–4 Rufius Festus 190 Socrates, ecclesiastical historian 46, 233, Rule of Benedict 104, 171 235, 258 Rupert, saint 175, 176, 181; translation of Soissons 41, 240, coronation at 137, 152 179 Southern R. 191 Sozomen, ecclesiastical historian 46, 233; St Amand 26, 106, 183, 184; history books on True Cross 260–1 at 121, 128, 130, 210–16, 239, 241 Spoleto 74 St Bertin 214 Stephen II (III), pope 52, 122, 133, 140 St Denis 141 n.27, 148, 149, 180, 181, n.26, 212, 215; and the Franks 138, 183, 192, 209 144–9, 151; vision of 135 n.7 St Gallen 44, 46, 192, 194, 237; Liber vitae Stephen, martyr, relics of 225 164, 175 Stock, B. 26 St Germain-des-Prés16; 140 n.24 Stoclet, A. 152 St Germer de Fly 194, 237 Story, J. 108, 280 St Maurice d’Agaune 149 Stowe Missal 182 n.26 St Peter, monastery of (Salzburg) 175 Suetonius 30, 40, 41, 189, 194 St Peter’s basilica, Rome 193 Sumo 11 St Remi, Rheims 165 Sunday 89 St Riquier 44, 46, 194, 197 sundials 89 St Vaast 35, 50; historical miscellany Sturm, abbot of Fulda 263 22 Symeon of Durham 108 St Wandrille 46 saints, cult of 99 Tacitus 40, 41, 42, 190, 207 Salic law see Lex salica and Pactus legis T’ang history 1–2 n.2 salicae Tassilo, duke of the Bavarians 25, 152, Sallust 39, 40, 41, 193, 194, 206, 274 153, 160, 174, 175; Arno’s support for Salomo, bishop of Constance 221 184; downfall of 3–5, 104; in Liber vitae Salzburg 106, 175, 179, 211; Liber vitae of Salzburg 179; status of 183 25, 163–4, 174–85, 282, 283 Tertullian 225 Samson 56 textual community see community San Vincenzo al Volturno 60 Thegan 112, 121, 128, 129 n.33, 268, Sardica 255, 257 270, 271; dissemination of 272

General index 337

Thelamon, F. 229, 231 Verona 52, 53, 80, 81, 205, 208–9; Theobald, abbot of Monte Cassino 78 historical miscellany 22, 43, 52–7, 82 Theodo, duke of Bavaria 175 Victor of Vita 49 Theodolinda, queen of the Lombards 73 Victorius of Aquitaine 90–1, 95, 98, 99 Theodoret, ecclesiastical historian 46, Vikings 279 233, 241 Villa, C. 79, 80–1 Theodoric the Ostrogoth 55, 72 n.47 Virgil, poet 40, 184, 209 Theodosius, De situ terrae sanctae 263 Virgil, bishop of Salzburg 163, 168, 176, Theodosius, Roman emperor 258, 259, 178, 180, 183 275; penance of 229, 230 Virgilius palatinus 202, 203 Theodulf, bishop of Orleans 191; Vita Lebuini 214 episcopal statutes of 256 Vita sanctae Rictrudis 214 Theophanes 144; Chronicle of 278 Vita sancti Remigii 16 Theudebert IV, king of the Franks 9 Vivarium 233 Thiothild, abbess of Remiremont 167, Vivian Bible 242, 246, 248 168, 171 von Euw, A. 186 Thomas, archbishop of Milan 62 Vulgate 242–3 Three Chapters 74 Timaeus 262 Waitz, G. 77, 78, 79 time 86–9; 186, 276–7; Carolingian Wala of Corbie 69 encyclopaedia of 95, n.47; defined Walafrid Strabo 30, 48, 148, 149 by Augustine 84; discussed by Bede Waldrada 169, 171 86 Wallace-Hadrill, J. M. 37, 113 Tito, abbot of St Peter’s Salzburg 175 Wallia, king of the Visigoths 55 Titus, Roman emperor 207 Wearmouth see Jarrow Tours 41, 42, 183, 193, 206, 209, 216; Weissenburg 200, 238 books borrowed from 192; scribes of Wenilo, bishop of Laon 195 204 Werden 209 Trajan, Roman emperor 275 Wessex 280 Tranquillus, De illustribus grammaticis 224 Wessobrunner Gebet codex 27, 261, 262–4 Treitler, L. 2 Whitby, synod of (664) 91 Trier 206 Wickham, C. 3 trivium 86 Wido, count 127 Trojans, and Franks 8, 10–11, 15, 18, 59, Wigbert of Fritzlar 274 282; origins of 122, 214, 215; past 123, Wigbod 209 125, 128, 208 William of Jumièges57 Troy 10, 57, 125 Willibald of Mainz 189, 281 True Cross 235, 258, 263; discovery of Willibrord 212, 213 228, 229, 259–61, 263 Winchester, Liber vitae of 167 truth 30 Worms 109, 216 Tychonius 222 Wright, N. 103 Tyre, church of 228 n.28, 230 Wrmonoc 48 Wulfad, bishop of Bourges 238 Uiliaric 47 Wulfstan, bishop of Worcester 183 n.28 Ulfilas 55, 57 Würzburg 194, 237 Unterkircher, F. 106 year, beginning of 95 Valentinian III, Roman emperor 11 York annals see Northern annals Vandals 55 Velleius Paterculus 40, 194 Zacharias, pope 95 n.46, 135, 141, 150, Venice 73–4 212; letters of 143; role of in Pippin’s Vercelli canon law collection 65–6, 235, usurpation 137–8, 142–5 256–9 Zechiel-Eckes K. 253, 256, 258