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Christian and Barbarian Identities in the Early Medieval West Edited by Walter Pohl and Gerda Heydemann BREPOLS

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Christian and Barbarian Identities in the Early Medieval West Edited by Walter Pohl and Gerda Heydemann BREPOLS CULTURAL ENCOUNTERS IN LATE ANTIQUITY AND THE MIDDLE AGES POST-ROMAN TRANSITIONS General Editor Christian and Barbarian Identities Yitzhak Hen, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev in the Early Medieval West Editorial Board Angelo di Berardino, Augustinianum-Instituto Patristico, Rome Nora Berend, University of Cambridge Leslie Brubaker, University of Birmingham Edited by Christoph Cluse, Universitat Trier Rob Meens, Universiteit Utrecht James Montgomery, University of Cambridge Walter Pohl and Gerda Heydemann Alan V. Murray, University of Leeds Thomas F. X. Noble, University of Notre Dame Miri Rubin, University of London IDENTITIES IN THE LATIN WEST Lace Antiquity and the early Middle Ages were a deci­ sive period for the formation of identities in the Latin West. Presenting the results ofprojects and international collaborations centred in Vienna, this sub-series of vol­ umes within the CELAMA series is devoted to explor­ ing the social context, cultural resources, and political consequences of these new models for identification. Series icon: 'Silver denarius of Charlemagne', Berlin, Munzkabinett, Staatliche Museen, c. 800-814. Copyright: bpk / Munzkabinett, StaatlUhe Museen zu Berlin. Photo: Lutzjiirgen Lubke Previously published volumes in this series are listed at the back of the book. VOLUME 14 BREPOLS "a*®""*p«^. : British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Post-Roman transitions : Christian and Barbarian identities in the early medieval West. ~ (Cultural encounters in late antiquity and the Middle Ages; 14) 1. Ethnicity—Europe—History—To 1500. 2. Ethnicity— eligious aspects—Christianity. 3. Identity (Psychology)-Europe-History-To 1500. 4. Identification (Religion)--History-To 1500. CONTENTS 5. Political culture-Europe-History-To 1500. 6. Europe-History-476-1492. 7. Rome-History-Germanic Invasions, 3rd-6th centuries-Social aspects. 8. Europe-Social conditions~To 1492. 9. Archaeology and history-Europe. I. Series Illustrations II. Pohl, Walter, 1953- editor of compilation. vn III. Heydemann, Gerda editor of compilation. Preface 940.1-dc23 WALTER POHL and GERDA HEYDEMANN IX ISBN-13: 9782503543277 Christian and Barbarian Identities in the Early Medieval West: Introduction WALTER POHL Section 1: Scripts for Identity — Resources of the Past Who is Allowed to Pray for the King? Saint-Maurice d'Agaune and the Creation of a Burgundian Identity ALBRECHTDIEM 47 © 2013, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium Patria, peregrination andpaenitentia: Identities of Alienation in the Seventh Century All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, ALEXANDER O'H ARA 89 electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Religiones zndgentes in Isidore of Seville's Chronica maiora JAMIE WOOD 125 D/2013/0095/195 ISBN: 978-2-503-54327-7 Adventus, Warfare, and the Britons in e-ISBN: 978-2-503-54420-5 the Development of West Saxon Identity Printed in the E.U. on acid-free paper JOHN-HENRY CLAY 169 : British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data Post-Roman transitions : Christian and Barbarian identities in the early medieval West. ~ (Cultural encounters in late antiquity and the Middle Ages; 14) 1. Ethnicity—Europe—History—To 1500. 2. Ethnicity— eligious aspects—Christianity. 3. Identity (Psychology)-Europe-History-To 1500. 4. Identification (Religion)--History-To 1500. CONTENTS 5. Political culture-Europe-History-To 1500. 6. Europe-History-476-1492. 7. Rome-History-Germanic Invasions, 3rd-6th centuries-Social aspects. 8. Europe-Social conditions~To 1492. 9. Archaeology and history-Europe. I. Series Illustrations II. Pohl, Walter, 1953- editor of compilation. vn III. Heydemann, Gerda editor of compilation. Preface 940.1-dc23 WALTER POHL and GERDA HEYDEMANN IX ISBN-13: 9782503543277 Christian and Barbarian Identities in the Early Medieval West: Introduction WALTER POHL Section 1: Scripts for Identity — Resources of the Past Who is Allowed to Pray for the King? Saint-Maurice d'Agaune and the Creation of a Burgundian Identity ALBRECHTDIEM 47 © 2013, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium Patria, peregrination andpaenitentia: Identities of Alienation in the Seventh Century All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, ALEXANDER O'H ARA 89 electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Religiones zndgentes in Isidore of Seville's Chronica maiora JAMIE WOOD 125 D/2013/0095/195 ISBN: 978-2-503-54327-7 Adventus, Warfare, and the Britons in e-ISBN: 978-2-503-54420-5 the Development of West Saxon Identity Printed in the E.U. on acid-free paper JOHN-HENRY CLAY 169 CONTENTS Arrivano i barbari a cavallo! Foundation Myths and Origines gentium in the Adriatic Arc FRANCESCO BORRI 215 Tuscans 2&gensi Shaping Local Identities and Communities in Early Medieval Tuscany MARCO STOFFELLA 271 ILLUSTRATIONS Section 2: Romanness and Otherness — Signs of Distinction and their Ambiguities Who Were the Romans? Shifting Scripts of Romanness in Early Medieval Italy Figures MAYA MASKARINEC 297 The Fading Power of Images: Romans, Barbarians, Figure l,p. 371. "Ihe Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus', Roma, Museo Nazionale and the Uses of a Dichotomy in Early Medieval Archaeology Romano, Palazzo Altemps. c. AD 260. PHILIPP VON RUMMEL 365 Figure 2, p. 374. 'Victory of the Israelites over the Amorites', Roma, Santa Remembering the Warriors: Weapon Burials and Tombstones Maria Maggiore. c. AD 432-40. between Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages in Northern Italy IRENE BARBIERA 407 Figure 3, p. 382. 'Roman' Grave Goods from Grosseto, loc. Grancia. Who is the Barbarian? Figure 4, p, 383. Characteristic 'Germanic' Grave Goods from Erpfting, Bavaria. Considerations on the Vandal Royal Title Sixth century. ROLAND STEINACHER 437 Figure 5, p. 392. 'Togatus from Ostia', Ostia, Museo Archeologico, Scavi di Die Wahrnehmung der nichtfrankischen Volker Ostia Antica. c. AD 400. in der merowingerzeidichen Historiographie GERALD KRUTZLER 487 Figure 6, p. 392. 'Monza-Diptychon', Monza, Tesore del Duomo. c. AD 400. Scritture nazionali e aree culturali: le epigrafi tra forme, contenuti Figure 7, p. 395. 'Silver Plate from the Treasure of Isola Rizza', Verona, Museo di e trasmissioni testuali in Italia e neli'Europa altomedievale Castelvecchio, Inv. 13871. Sixth century. FLAVIA DE RUBEIS 549 Figure 8, p. 420. 'Funerary Epigraphs from Aquileia, depicting horsemen', Aquilea, Museo Archeologico Nazionale. Third to fourth century AD. Figure 9, p. 421. 'Funerary Epigraphs from Aquileia, depicting soldiers with shield and lance", Aquilea, Museo Archeologico Nazionale. Third to fourth century AD. -CLwJfB**^!!/" **T CONTENTS Arrivano i barbari a cavallo! Foundation Myths and Origines gentium in the Adriatic Arc FRANCESCO BORRI 215 Tuscans 2&gensi Shaping Local Identities and Communities in Early Medieval Tuscany MARCO STOFFELLA 271 ILLUSTRATIONS Section 2: Romanness and Otherness — Signs of Distinction and their Ambiguities Who Were the Romans? Shifting Scripts of Romanness in Early Medieval Italy Figures MAYA MASKARINEC 297 The Fading Power of Images: Romans, Barbarians, Figure l,p. 371. "Ihe Ludovisi Battle Sarcophagus', Roma, Museo Nazionale and the Uses of a Dichotomy in Early Medieval Archaeology Romano, Palazzo Altemps. c. AD 260. PHILIPP VON RUMMEL 365 Figure 2, p. 374. 'Victory of the Israelites over the Amorites', Roma, Santa Remembering the Warriors: Weapon Burials and Tombstones Maria Maggiore. c. AD 432-40. between Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages in Northern Italy IRENE BARBIERA 407 Figure 3, p. 382. 'Roman' Grave Goods from Grosseto, loc. Grancia. Who is the Barbarian? Figure 4, p, 383. Characteristic 'Germanic' Grave Goods from Erpfting, Bavaria. Considerations on the Vandal Royal Title Sixth century. ROLAND STEINACHER 437 Figure 5, p. 392. 'Togatus from Ostia', Ostia, Museo Archeologico, Scavi di Die Wahrnehmung der nichtfrankischen Volker Ostia Antica. c. AD 400. in der merowingerzeidichen Historiographie GERALD KRUTZLER 487 Figure 6, p. 392. 'Monza-Diptychon', Monza, Tesore del Duomo. c. AD 400. Scritture nazionali e aree culturali: le epigrafi tra forme, contenuti Figure 7, p. 395. 'Silver Plate from the Treasure of Isola Rizza', Verona, Museo di e trasmissioni testuali in Italia e neli'Europa altomedievale Castelvecchio, Inv. 13871. Sixth century. FLAVIA DE RUBEIS 549 Figure 8, p. 420. 'Funerary Epigraphs from Aquileia, depicting horsemen', Aquilea, Museo Archeologico Nazionale. Third to fourth century AD. Figure 9, p. 421. 'Funerary Epigraphs from Aquileia, depicting soldiers with shield and lance", Aquilea, Museo Archeologico Nazionale. Third to fourth century AD. -CLwJfB**^!!/" **T WHO WERE THE ROMANS? SHIFTING SCRIPTS OF ROMANNESS IN EARLY MEDIEVAL ITALY Maya Maskarinec* n early medieval Italy 'Roman' was an ambiguous term that could have various significations: civic — Romans as inhabitants of the city of Rome I—, regional — the Romans as inhabitants of Italy, or other former Roman provinces, in contrast to the Lombards and other newer 'barbarians' —, and the Romans of the progressively regionalized Roman Empire (or, as it is called today, the Byzantine Empire), increasingly, however, referred to as Gr(a)eci.x This mul­ tiplicity of meanings was not new, but the fact that these categories no longer coincided was. The overarching framework of the Roman Empire
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