Water Quality of Rivers at Interstate Borders

INTERSTATE RIVER BOUNDARY MONITORING PROGARMME

SERIES: IRBM/01/2015

CENTRAL POLLUTION CONTROL BOARD (Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change, Govt. of India) ‘Parivesh Bhawan’, East Arjun Nagar, Delhi – 110032 Website: www.cpcb.nic.in e-mail: [email protected]

DEDICATED TEAM

Overall Supervision Dr. A.B.Akolkar Member Secretary and Co-ordination Sh. R.M. Bhardwaj Scientist ‘D’ Sh. A K Sinha Scientist ‘D’

Report Preparation Sh. A K Sinha Scientist ‘D’ Sh. Vishal Gandhi Scientist ‘C’ Sh. Jitendra Kr Vimal Senior Research Fellow Ms. Himani Ravish Project Trainee

Data Entry Sh. R.D.Swami Data Entry Operator

Dedicated Monitoring and Inspection team

Team from ZO Lucknow Sh. P.K.Mishra, Scientist ‘E’ Dr. D.K. Soni Scientist ‘D’ Sh. J.P.Meena Scientist ‘C’ Dr.H.P.S.Rathore Scientist ‘C’ Sh A.K.Tripathi, SSA

Team from ZO Bhopal Sh. R.S.Kori Scientist ‘E’ Sh. P. Jagan, Scientist ‘C’ Sh. Anil Rawat, SSA Dr.Y.K.Saxena, SSA Dr.Anoop Chaturvedi, JSA Sh. Sunil Kolhtkar, JLA

Team from ZO Vadodara Sh. B. R Naidu Scientist ‘E’ Sh. Shashikant Lokhande Scientist ‘D’ Sh. Amit R. Thakkar Scientist ‘C’ Sh. N. Semwal SSA Sh. T.K. Parmar SLA

Team from ZO Kolkata Sh. R.K.Saxena Scientist ‘D’ Dr Rita Shah Scientist ‘D’ Team from ZO Bangalore Sh. S. Suresh Scientist ‘D’ Sh. V. Pattusami Scientist ‘E’ Team from ZO Shilong Sh. Z. Changson Scientist ‘D’

Table of Contents

Chapter Chapter Name Page No. No. 1. Introduction 1-5 2. Interstate River Boundary Monitoring Network 6-9 3. Methodology 10 4. Water Quality of Rivers 11-19 5. Status of Water Quality 20-24 6. Assessment of Water Quality at Interstate Points 25-31 7. Water Quality Trend 32-128 8. Conclusion 129 9. Action Taken 130-132 10. Recommendations 133

List of Tables and Graphs

S. No. Table/Graph Name Page No. Table 1 Major Interstate Water Disputes in India 4 Table 2 Disputed Interstate Rivers and States Sharing the 4 River Boundaries Table 3 List of Water Quality Monitoring Locations at 6-9 Interstate Boundaries Table 4 State Wise Distribution of Monitoring Stations 9 Table 5 Statistical Summary of Water Quality Data 16-19 Table 6 Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters 20-24 Table 7 Prescribed Standard for BOD, DO, TDS and TC 25 Table 8 Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years 37-31 Pie Chart 1 Percentage Wise Variation in BOD Values 25 Pie Chart 2 Percentage Wise Variation in DO Values 26 Pie Chart 3 Percentage Wise Variation in TDS Values 26 Pie Chart 4 Percentage Wise Variation in TC Values 27 Graphs Water Quality Trend 32-128

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 Availability of Water Resources

The availability and the quality of the fresh water resources is the most pressing of the many environmental challenges on the national horizon in India. The stress on water resources is from multiple sources and the impacts can take diverse forms. Geometric increase in population coupled with rapid urbanization, industrialization and agricultural development has resulted in high impact on quality and quantity of water in India. The urban population has increased almost 11 fold in last 100 year period from 26 million to 285 million. Unregulated growth of urban areas, particularly over the last two decades, without infrastructural services for proper collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of domestic wastes led to increased pollution & health hazards. The municipalities and such other civic authorities have not been able to cope up with this massive task which could be due to various reasons including erosion of authority, inability to raise revenues and inadequate managerial capabilities. That is why it became necessary to launch the Ganga Action Plan and subsequently the National River Action Plan, which is essentially addressed to the task of trapping, diversion and treatment of municipal waste water. The situation warrants immediate redressal through radically improved water resource and water quality management strategies.

Depletion of available freshwater resources, falling ground water levels and deteriorating water quality are all posing a variety of challenges in managing India’s water resources. Competing demands from the needs of a growing population are quite often leading towards disputes among users. The per capita water availability in India is raising concerns.

By the increase in population by the end of 21st century, the per capita availability is likely to drop below 1000 cubic meters a situation labeled as water scarcity. From the East to the West and from the North to the South, water has defined life in the Indian subcontinent for thousands of years. On an average, the combination of rainfall, surface and groundwater resources have been sufficient in providing adequate water to the Indian population. Rise in demand and development pressures are changing the characteristics of water in India. Erosion in the watershed due to the fast growing development and poor land management practices is changing stream hydraulics. Groundwater reserves are becoming more and more depleted as surface water sources have become too polluted for human use.

Water security is emerging as an increasingly important and vital issue for India. Many Indian cities are beginning to experience moderate to severe water shortages, brought on by the effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. Population stress, irrigation requirements and industrialization are the major pressures for water insecurity. The environmental challenges of water resource development and management in India are expected to manifest themselves more rapidly in the coming years. These environmental challenges may be addressed through four broad approaches (1) Improving efficiencies and minimizing losses (2) Recharging groundwater aquifers (3) Abatement and treatment of water pollution (4) Reuse and recycling of wastewater (Status of Water Quality in India- 2011, CPCB ( Series: MINARS/35/2013-14).

1.1.1 Current and Future Water Requirements In 1990, the total water withdrawal was estimated at 552 bcm i.e. 30 per cent of the country's renewable water resources. The contribution from surface water was 362 bcm, while the groundwater withdrawal was estimated at 190 bcm. Approximately 460 bcm was used for irrigation while 25 bcm was used for domestic needs. About 19 bcm and 15 bcm were used for energy and industrial purposes respectively. Currently, more than 80 per cent of the 750 bcm water used in India is for irrigation. The balance 20 per cent is used to meet domestic, energy, industrial and other requirements. With the rapidly growing population, along with industrial and urbanization activities, the demand for water is expected to increase even faster. Estimates indicate that by the year 2025, the total water demand of 1050 bcm will be very close to the total utilizable water resources of 1,122 bcm in the country. Though projections are not available beyond 2025, it is evident that the country may have to face an acute water crisis unless clear and strategic measures are adopted now. It is important to note that more attention is also required to scientifically assess the water requirements for ecosystems security. Today, approximately 40 per cent (748 bcm) of available water resources is considered to be unutilizable due to a variety of factors. Probably, this is a blessing since that water must be used for the requirements of the ecosystems (Status of Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB ( Series: MINARS/35/2013-14).

1.2 Water Pollution The key challenges to better management of the water quality in India are temporal and spatial variation of rainfall, uneven geographic distribution of surface water resources, persistent droughts, overuse of ground water and contamination, drainage & salinisation and water quality problems due to treated, partially treated and untreated wastewater from urban settlements, industrial establishments and runoff from irrigation sector besides poor management of municipal solid waste and animal dung in rural areas.

It is estimated that about 38,000 million litres per day (mld) of wastewater are generated in the urban centres having population more than 50,000 in India (housing more than 70% of urban population). The municipal wastewater treatment capacity developed so far in India is about 11,000 mld accounting for 29% of wastewater generation in these two classes of urban centers. In view of population increase, demand of freshwater for all the uses will be unmanageable. It is estimated that the projected wastewater from urban centres may cross 1,00,000 mld by 2050 and the rural India will also generate not less than 50,000 mld in view of water supply designs for community supplies in rural areas. However, waste water management is not addresses to that pace.

Most human activities whether domestic, agricultural or industrial have an impact on water and the ecosystems. Water borne diseases can be, to a large extent, controlled by managing human consumption and production patterns. It is therefore important to have an understanding of human activities, including water management initiatives, and their impacts on water and the environment (Status of Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB (Series: MINARS/35/2013-14).

1.2.1 Domestic Water Pollution

Waste management systems have not been able to keep pace with the huge volumes of organic and non-biodegradable wastes generated daily. As a consequence, garbage in most parts of India is unscientifically disposed and ultimately leads to increase in the pollutant load of surface and groundwater courses. On the other hand, the large population of the poor in

India does not have much choice but to live off the natural resource base and pollute the environment in the process. They deforest for food, fuel, fodder and fibre and pollute the water sources on which they depend, since they cannot afford access to sanitation services. Domestic water use today, though a small fraction of the total water requirement, is under- priced for political reasons. This leads to a considerable waste of the precious resource and inadequate revenues for operation and maintenance. Low revenues result in the loss of the resource due to system inefficiencies. In most parts of the country, waste water from domestic sources is hardly treated, due to inadequate sanitation facilities. This waste water, containing highly organic pollutant load, finds its way into surface and groundwater courses, very often close to dense pockets of human habitation from where further water is drawn for use. Considerable investments will be required to install treatment systems in at least the 500 major cities and towns of the country. Estimates indicate that it is viable to set up decentralized treatment systems for approximately 100 to 200 households where it is possible to convince users to pay for efficient services. Incentives like soft loans may be provided to these initiatives (Status of Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB ( Series: MINARS/35/2013- 14).

1.2.2 Industrial Water Pollution The Industrial sector, contributing to about 20 per cent of the national income, accounts for about 8 per cent of the current water use. With rapid industrialization and urbanization, the water requirement for energy and industrial use is estimated to rise to about 18 per cent of the total requirements in 2025. Poor environmental management systems, especially in industries such as thermal power stations, chemicals, metals and minerals, leather processing and sugar mills, have led to discharge of highly toxic and organic wastewater. This has resulted in pollution of the surface and groundwater sources from which water is also drawn for irrigation and domestic use. The enforcement of regulations regarding discharge of industrial wastewater and limits to extraction of groundwater needs to be considerably strengthened, while more incentives are required for promoting waste water reuse and recycling(Status of Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB ( Series: MINARS/35/2013-14).

1.2.3 Agricultural Water Pollution Two-thirds of India's farm production comes from one-third of its land which is irrigated. The rest is from rainfed areas that employ large populations. In order to meet the increasing demand for food and farm employment, India has to increase the area under irrigation, and enhance productivity in both irrigated and rainfed areas. Cropping patterns and farming practices also do not encourage the judicious use of water. Conservative estimates indicate that the same quantity of irrigation water used today can irrigate double the current area with optimized irrigation and farming practices. With limited revenues and budgetary support, the state engineering departments are unable to operate and maintain the irrigation systems efficiently, leading to increasing deterioration of the structures and systems over time. Consequently, there are further water losses due to breaches and seepage, resulting in water logging and salinity. Water quality is further affected due to the overuse of chemical fertilizers and pesticides (Status of Water Quality in India-2011, CPCB ( Series: MINARS/35/2013-14).

1.3 Interstate Water Disputes Water security is emerging as an increasingly important and vital issue for India. Many Indian cities are beginning to experience moderate to severe water shortages, brought on by the simultaneous effects of agricultural growth, industrialization and urbanization. Another

3 concern in the region is the growing competition over shared water resources. Conflict over freshwater resources can strain relationships between various states sharing these resources.

1.3.1 The main causes due to which water disputes arise between states are:  River doesn’t follow political limits.  Uneven distribution of water resources.  Increasing rainfall variability and frequent draughts.  Increasing demand of river water.  Regionalization of the national policy.  Industrial activity which leads to deterioration of water quality  Untreated domestic wastewater

Table 1: Major Interstate Water Disputes in India

River(s) States Issue Satluj, Beas Punjab and Rajasthan Harike Barrage, Canals originating from Punjab and entering into Rajasthan Markanda Himachal Pradesh and Haryana Wastewater discharge from Kala Amb industrial Area (H.P.). and entering into Haryana Yamuna Haryana, Delhi and Uttar Pradesh Ammonia issue raised frequently for supply of drinking water in Delhi and in Agra(U.P.) Sahibi Rajasthan and Haryana Wastewater discharge from Bhiwadi (Rajasthan) entering into territory of Dharuhera (Haryana). Dhela, Bahela, Uttrakhand and Uttar Pradesh Magh Mela and Kumbh Mela Kosi and issue- Wastewater discharge from Ramganga Uttrakhand into Uttar Pradesh.

Table 2: Disputed Interstate Rivers and States Sharing the River Boundaries

S. Disputed River States No. 1. Vardha M.P., Maharashtra 2. Mahi M.P., Rajasthan, Gujarat 3. Krishna Maharashtra, A.P., Karnataka, Tamil Nadu 4. Bhima Maharashtra, Karnataka 5. Sabarmati Gujarat, Rajasthan, 6. Manjara Maharashtra, Karnataka 7. Tapi Maharashtra, Gujarat, M.P. 8. Narmada Gujarat, M.P. 9. Wainganga M.P., Maharashtra 10. Damanganga Gujarat, UT of Daman 11. Indrawati Orissa/ Chattisgarh 12. Mahanadi Orissa, Chattisgarh 13. Damodar Jharkhand, W.B. 14. Subarnrekha Jharkhand, Orissa, W.B. 15. Cauvery Karnataka, Tamil Nadu

S. Disputed River States No. 16. Thenpennai Karnataka, Tamil Nadu 17. Tungabhadra Maharashtra, Karnataka 18. Churni W.B./Bangladesh 19. Godavari Maharashtra, Karnataka 20. Pennar A.P., Karnataka 21. Ganga U.P., Bihar, Uttarakhand 22. Betwa M.P., U.P. 23. Sone M.P., U.P. 24. Ramganga Uttarakhand, U.P. 25. Satluj HP, Punjab 26. Beas HP, Punjab 27. Markanda HP, Haryana 28. Ghaggar HP, Haryana, Punjab, Rajasthan 29. Yamuna U.P., Haryana, Uttarakhand, HP, Delhi 30. Chambal Rajasthan, M.P., U.P. 31. Dhela U.P., Uttarakhand 32. Kitcha U.P., Uttarakhand 33. Kosi U.P., Uttarakhand 34. Bahela U.P., Uttarakhand 35. Pilakhar U.P., Uttarakhand 36. Sarsa HP, Punjab 37. Swan HP, Punjab 38. Ravi J&K, Punjab 39. Dhansari Nagaland, Assam 40. Manjira Karnataka/A.P.

CHAPTER 2: INTERSTAE RIVER BOUNDARY MONITORING NETWORK

One of the function of the Central Pollution Control Board(CPCB), under the Section 16 2(b) of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 is to “coordinate the activities of the State Boards and resolve disputes among them.

CPCB is monitoring water quality of rivers at the interstate borders since 2005. At present, the monitoring is carried out at 86 locations. Present report covers only 83 locations (as given in table 3) spread over 40 rivers. Monitoring frequency is preferably on quarterly basis though few river locations are monitored once in a year which are either small/seasonal or not carrying any interstate dispute.

Table 3: List of Water Quality Monitoring Locations at Interstate Boundaries Sl. River Location Interstate No. Boundaries 1 Vardha Bangaon Village near Pandhurana MP/Maharashtra Village (M. P.) 2 Vardha Belur Dharmadabad (Maharashtra) Maharashtra/M.P. 3 Mahi Village Bajna, Ratlam (M. P.) M.P./Rajasthan

4 Mahi Kadna Dam, (Gujarat) Gujarat /Rajasthan

5 Mahi Gammon Bridge, (Rajasthan) Rajasthan/MP 6 Krishna Kurundwad, Kolhapur (Maharashtra) Maharashtra/A.P.

7 Bhima Takli, Solapur (Maharashtra) Maha./Karnataka 8 Sabarmati Khedbrahma (Gujarat) Gujarat/Rajasthan

9 Manjara Aurad Shahajani (Maharashtra Maharashtra/ Karnataka 10 Tapi Prakasha (Maharshtra) Maharashtra/Gujarat 11 Tapi Ajnad (Marashtra ) Maharashtra/M.P. 12 Tapi NIzhar (Gujarat) Maharashtra/Gujarat 13 Narmada Navagam (Gujarat) Gujarat/M.P.

14 Wainganga Bapera, Bhandara (Maharashtra) M.P./ Maharashtra

15 Damanganga Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP Gujarat/UT of discharge (Gujarat) Daman 16 Damanganga U/S of CETP discharge GIDC Weir UT of Daman/ (UT of Daman) Gujarat 17 Indrawati Nowrangpur (Orissa) Orissa/Chhattisgarh

18 Mahanadi Hirakund (Orissa) Orissa/Chattisgarh

19 Churni Bijoypur (West Bengal) Bangladesh/W. B.

20 Damodar Sindri (Jharkhand) Jharkhand/W.B.

21 Damodar Dishergarh (West Bengal) WB/Jharkhand

22 Subarnrekha Behragora (Jharkhand) Jharkhand/Orissa

Sl. River Location Interstate No. Boundaries 23 Subarnrekha Gopiballavpur (West Bengal) WB/Orissa 24 Subarnrekha Lakhannath (Orissa) Orissa/W.B.

25 Cauvery Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur Karnataka (Karnataka) /Tamilnadu 26 Thenpennai Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore Karnataka/ (Karnataka) Tamilnadu 27 Deodurg (Karnataka) Karnataka/ Krishna Tamilnadu 28 Tungabhadra Hochchelli (Karnataka) Maharashtra/ Karnataka 29 Bhima Jewargi, Gangapur, (Karnataka) Maharashtra/Karnata ka 30 Pennar Mothikepli, (Karnataka) Karnataka 31 Manjira Janwada, (Karnataka) Karnataka/ Maharashtra 32 Godavari Basra Kavalguda,(Maharashtra) Karnataka/ Maharashtra 33 Uttra- Hindupur (Andhra Pradesh) A.P./Karnataka Pinkhani (North Pennar) 34 Ganga Tarighat, Gazipur (U. P.) U.P./Bihar 35 Betwa Kanjira Bridge , Sagar (M.P.) M.P./U.P.

36 Betwa D/S Dukwan Dam Babina, Birdha UP/MP Road, Distt. Lalitpur (U.P.) 37 Sone Chopan (U.P.) M.P./U.P 38 Sone U/S of Deora before Reservoir, M.P./U.P Rihand (U.P.) 39 Ramganga D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh (U. P.) Uttrakhand/U.P.

40 Ramganga D/S Kalagarh, Dam (Uttrankhand) Uttrakhand/U.P.

41 Ganga Dariganj, Distt. Sonepur, (Bihar) U.P/Bihar 42 Satluj Nangal (H.P.) H.P/Punjab 43 Beas Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra H.P/Punjab (H.P.) 44 Beas D/S (Changarwa Village), (Punjab) Punjab/H.P. 45 Markanda Kala Amb (H.P.) H.P/Haryana

46 Markanda Narayangarh (Haryana) Haryana/H.P.

47 Ghaggar u/s Parwanoo (H.P.) H.P/Haryana

48 Ghaggar Parwanoo D/S , Amravati, (Haryana) Haryana/H.P. 49 Ghaggar Mubarakpur (Punjab) Punjab/Haryana

50 Ghaggar Tiwana village (Punjab) Punjab/ Haryana 51 Ghaggar Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana) Punjab/Haryana 52 Ghaggar Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana) Punjab/Haryana

Sl. River Location Interstate No. Boundaries 54 Ghaggar Ottu Weir (Haryana) Haryana/Rajasthan 55 Ghaggar Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan) Rajasthan/Haryana 56 Ganga Sultanpur (Uttrakhand) Uttrakhand/U.P.

57 Ganga Bijnour (U.P.) UP/ Uttrakhand

58 Yamuna Shergarh, Juhika (U. P.) UP/Haryana

59 Yamuna Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana) Haryana/U.P. 60 Yamuna Pontasahib (H. P.) HP/ Uttrakhand

61 Yamuna Buriya U/S Jagadhari, Mandoli, Haryana/HP (Haryana) 62 Yamuna Sonipat Baghpat Road (Haryana) Haryana/U.P.

63 Yamuna Palla, Wazirabad (Delhi) Delhi/Haryana

64 Yamuna Asgarpur village, (U.P. ) U.P./Delhi

65 Yamuna Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana) UP/Haryana

66 Chambal Udi (U.P.) U.P./M.P.

67 Chambal Fish farm , Gandhisagar Dam, (M.P) Rajasthan/MP

68 Dhela Adampur Village, Bhojpur UP/Uttrakhand 69 Kitchha Pull Bhatta, Bareili Road, (Uttrakhand) UP/Uttrakhand

70 Kosi Dadiyal Bridge, (Uttrakhand) UP/Uttrakhand

71 Bahela Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.) UP/Uttrakhand

72 Pilakhar Rampur, Bhot (Uttar Pradesh) UP/Uttrakhand

73 Sarsa Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village B/C to R. H.P./Punjab Satluj, (Punjab ) 74 Sarsa U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab) H.P./Punjab

75 Swan Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh H.P./Punjab (Punjab) 76 Ravi Madhopur U/S , (Punjab) Punjab/J&K

77 Ravi Lakhanpur, D/s Madhopur (Jammu) Punjab/J&K

78 Dhansari U/S Ganesh nagar , (Nagaland) Nagaland/ Assam

79 Dhansari U/S, Nagarjan Bridge, Dimarpur Nagaland/ Assam Town, (Nagaland) 80 Dhansari D/S Dimarpur Town , Khatkati Gate, Nagaland/ Assam (Nagaland) 81 Dhansari Bokajan, (Assam) Nagaland /Assam

82 Dhansari Nimligarh, (Assam) Nagaland /Assam 83 Yamuna Dak Pather (Uttranchal) Uttranchal/H.P.

Table 4: State Wise Distribution of Monitoring Stations Sl. No. States/UT No. of Stations 1. Delhi 2 2. Andhra Pradesh 2 3. UT of Daman 2 4. Chattisgarh 2 5. Bihar 2 6. J & K 2 7. Jharkhand 3 8. Tamil Nadu 3 9. West Bengal 5 10. Nagaland 3 11. Assam 2 12. Rajasthan 6 13. Orissa 6 14. Gujarat 7 15. Uttarakhand 9 16. Maharashtra 11 17. Karnataka 11 18. Punjab 11 19. M.P 13 20. Himachal Pradesh 14 21. Haryana 16 22. U.P. 21

CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY

3.0 Methodology

The methodology adopted for collection of information and preparation of this report is as follows:

3.1 Source of information Monitoring is conducted by CPCB on quarterly basis in a year, however few designated locations are monitored once in a year which are either small/seasonal or not carrying any interstate dispute. After analysis of samples, laboratories of Head Office and Zonal Offices produce result of water quality parameters.

3.2 Dry Inventory To carry out the present study, first desk inventory was performed based on background information available inhouse. During desk inventory, sites were finalized for the survey & monitoring of the interstate rivers. The concerned Zonal Offices were also informed about the programme to depute those officers who have sufficient knowledge of rivers and interstate boundary locations.

3.3 Wet Inventory The team visited the locations at which the rivers share the interstate boundaries.

The identified sampling points from the possible sources were selected out to carry the water quality monitoring.

3.4 Analysis The data collected out through dry and wet inventories was analyzed and processed further.

3.5 Data Interpretation and Processing The data collected from laboratories of Head offices and Zonal Office of Central Pollution Control Board was structured through MS-Excel and stored. Data was compiled and processed to remove inconsistencies.

CHAPTER 4: WATER QUALITY OF RIVERS

4.0 Water Quality The water quality monitoring results based on the observations made during 2005 to 2013 indicate that the organic and bacterial contamination are continued to be critical in water bodies. This is mainly due to discharge of domestic wastewater mostly in untreated form from the urban centres of the country. The municipal corporations at large are not able to treat increasing load of municipal sewage flowing into water bodies without treatment. Furthermore, the receiving water bodies also do not have adequate water for dilution. Therefore, the oxygen demand and bacterial pollution is increasing day by day. The water quality monitoring results obtained were analyzed with respect to indicator of oxygen consuming substances (Bio-chemical Oxygen Demand), Dissolved Oxygen, indicator of pathogenic bacteria (Total coliform and Fecal coliform), Total Dissolved Solids and Chemical Oxygen Demand.

The water quality of the rivers covered under Interstate River Boundary Monitoring (IRBM) Network is discussed below based on the data analyzed from Table 5.

The water quality of river is assessed with respect to primary water quality data criteria for bathing . the primary water quality criteria is placed in Table 6.

4.1 Water Quality of River Satluj:

Water quality monitoring of the river Satluj is carried out at the interstate boundaries of H.P. and Punjab(Detail of location is provided in Table 3) . BOD and DO concentrations are within the prescribed range i.e.1.11mg/l and 8.11 mg/l respectively. The Total Coliform range is exceeding the prescribed limit.

4.2 Water Quality of River Beas:

Water quality monitoring of the river Beas is carried out at 02 locations at the interstate boundaries of H.P. and Punjab at Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.) and Changwara Village, Punjab. The analysis results show that the BOD concentration is exceeding to the prescribed range at both the locations i.e., however DO concentration is meeting to the prescribed standard at both the locations. Total Coliform range is also exceeding the prescribed limit.

4.3 Water Quality of River Markanda:

Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 02 different locations at the interstate boundaries of H.P. and Haryana. The analytical results show that BOD and DO concentrations at Naraingarh (Haryana) are not meeting the prescribed limit. However, at Kala Amb (H.P.), the water quality is meeting to prescribed standards in respect of DO and BOD. Total Coliform is not meeting the prescribed limit at both the locations.

4.4 Water Quality of River Ghaggar:

Water quality monitoring of the river Ghaggar is carried out at 09 different locations at the interstate boundaries of H.P./ Haryana, Punjab/ Haryana and Haryana/ Rajasthan. Analytical results indicate that water quality in respect of DO and BOD concentrations is not meeting to

11 the prescribed standards except at Parwanoo(H.P.) and Amravati (Haryana). Total Coliform range is also exceeding the prescribed standard.

4.5 Water Quality of River Ganga:

Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 04 different locations at the interstate boundaries of Uttarakhand/ U.P. and U.P./ Bihar. At all these 4 locations, the BOD and DO concentrations are meeting the prescribed standards. However, the Total Coliform count is deviating at all locations.

4.6 Water Quality of River Yamuna: Water quality monitoring of the river Yamuna is carried out at 9 different locations at the interstate boundaries of U.P./ Haryana, HP/Uttarakhand, Haryana/H.P., Delhi/Haryana and U.P./Delhi. The water quality results are meeting to prescribed norms with respect to DO and BOD except at 3 locations i.e. Asgarpur Village (U.P.), Hasanpur (Haryana) and Buriya U/S, Jagadhari (Haryana). Total Coliform count is exceeding the prescribed standards at all locations.

4.7 Water Quality of River Chambal: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 02 locations at the interstate boundaries of U.P/M.P. and Rajasthan/M.P. The BOD and DO concentrations are meeting to the prescribed standards at both the locations. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at the location Udi (U.P.).

4.8 Water Quality of River Dhela: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary of U.P./Uttarakhand. The BOD, DO and Total Coliform concentration are not meeting the prescribed standards indicating polluted condition of the river at the monitoring location.

4.9 Water Quality of River Kitchha: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of U.P./Uttarakhand. At the monitoring location, BOD and DO concentrations are within the prescribed standard, However, Total Coliform Count is exceeding to the prescribed standard.

4.10 Water Quality of River Kosi: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary of U.P./Uttarakhand. The water quality is meeting the prescribed standards with respect to BOD and DO whereas Total Coliform Count is exceeding the prescribed standards.

4.11 Water Quality of River Bahela: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary of U.P./Uttarakhand. At the location, BOD, DO and Total Coliform Count is exceeding the prescribed standards.

4.12 Water Quality of River Pilakhar: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of U.P./Uttarakhand. BOD and DO are within the range at the location whereas the Total Coliform Count is exceeding .

4.13 Water Quality of River Sarsa: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 locations at the interstate boundary of H.P./Punjab. At both the locations, BOD and DO concentrations are meeting the prescribed range. Total Coliform count is exceeding to the prescribed standards at both the locations.

4.14 Water Quality of River Swan: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of H.P./Punjab. The BOD and DO concentrations are within the prescribed standards at the location whereas Total Coliform count is exceeding to the prescribed standards.

4.15 Water Quality of River Ravi: Water quality monitoring of the river Ravi is carried out at 2 different locations of the interstate boundary of J.K./Punjab. The BOD and DO concentration are within the prescribed standards at the location whereas Total Coliform count is exceeding at said locations.

4.16 Water Quality of River Mahi: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of interstate boundary of M.P./Rajasthan and Gujarat/ Rajasthan. The BOD and DO concentrations are within the prescribed range at both the locations. Total Coliform count is exceeding at Kadna Dam, (Gujarat).

4.17 Water Quality of River Ramganga: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of interstate boundary Uttarakhand/U.P. The BOD and DO concentrations are within the prescribed range whereas the Total Coliform count is exceeding at both the locations.

4.18 Water Quality of River Betwa: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of interstate boundary M.P./U.P. Concentration of BOD and DO is meeting the prescribed standards whereas Total Coliform count is exceeding at both the locations.

4.19 Water Quality of River Sone: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of the interstate boundary M.P./U.P. The BOD and DO level are within the prescribed range whereas Total Coliform count is exceeding at both the locations.

4.20 Water Quality of River Vardha: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations at the interstate boundary M.P./Maharashtra. The BOD and DO level are meeting to the prescribed standards. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at one location i.e. Belur Dhemadabad (Maharashtra).

4.21 Water Quality of River Bhima: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra/Karnataka. The BOD and DO concentrations are meeting the prescribed range. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at both the locations.

4.22 Water Quality of River Sabarmati: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of Gujarat/Rajasthan. The BOD and DO concentration are meeting to the prescribed standard at the location. Total Coliform count is exceeding at the location to the prescribed standard.

4.23 Water Quality of River Manjira: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of the interstate boundary Karnataka/Maharashtra. The BOD and DO concentration are within the prescribed standard. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at one location i.e. Janwada (Karnataka).

4.24 Water Quality of River Tapi: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 3 different locations at the interstate boundaries of Maharashtra/Gujarat and Maharashrta/M.P. The BOD and DO level are meeting the prescribed standard. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding the prescribed standards at all 03 locations.

4.25 Water Quality of River Narmada: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary of Gujarat/M.P. The BOD and DO level are meeting the prescribed Standards. Whereas the Total Coliform count is exceeding at said location.

4.26 Water Quality of River Wainganga:

Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location of interstate boundary of Maharashrta/M.P. The BOD and DO level are within the prescribed range indicating the good water quality at the location. Total Coliform count is exceeding at the aforesaid location.

4.27 Water Quality of River Damanganga: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations at the interstate boundary of Gujarat/ UT of Daman. The BOD and DO level are exceeding the prescribed limit at Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP Discharge (Gujarat). Total Coliform count is within the range at both the locations.

4.28 Water Quality of River Indrawati: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary of Orissa/Chattisgarh. The BOD and DO level are within the prescribed range indicating the good water quality at the location. But the Total Coliform count is exceeding at the location.

4.29 Water Quality of River Mahanadi: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location at the interstate boundary of Orissa/ Chhattisgarh. The BOD and DO level are within the prescribed range and Total Coliform count is exceeding at the location.

4.30 Water Quality of River Churni: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of Bangladesh/W.B. The BOD and DO level are not meeting to the prescribed standards and Total Coliform count is exceeding the prescribed standards.

4.31 Water Quality of River Damodar: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations at the interstate boundary Jharkhand/W.B. BOD and DO concentration are meeting to the prescribed standards at the locations. However, Total Coliform count is exceeding at all the locations.

4.32 Water Quality of River Subarnrekha: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 3 different locations at the interstate boundaries of Jharkhand/Orissa and W.B./Orissa. BOD and DO concentration is meeting the 14 prescribed standard. However, the Total Coliform count is exceeding to the prescribed standards at all the locations.

4.33 Water Quality of River Cauvery:

Water quality monitoring of the river is carried at the interstate boundary of Karnataka/Tamil Nadu. BOD and DO concentrations are meeting the prescribed standards. Total Coliform count is also meeting to the prescribed standard at the said location.

4.34 Water Quality of River Thenpennai: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location of the interstate boundary of Karnataka/Tamil Nadu. BOD, DO and TC concentrations are exceeding to the prescribed standards.

4.35 Water Quality of River Krishna: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 2 different locations of the interstate boundaries of Karnataka/Tamil Nadu and Maharashtra/A.P. BOD and DO concentration are meeting at the prescribed standards. Total Coliform count is exceeding the prescribed standard at all the locations.

4.36 Water Quality of River Tungabhadra: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the location of the interstate boundary of Karnataka/ Maharashtra. BOD and DO concentrations are meeting the prescribed standards and the Total Coliform count is not meeting to the prescribed standard at the location.

4.37 Water Quality of River Pennar:

Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the boundary of Karnataka. Observation of monitoring results reveal that water quality is meeting to the prescribed standard.

4.38 Water Quality of River Godavari: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of Karnataka/ Maharashtra. BOD, DO & Total Coliform concentrations are meeting to the prescribed standards.

4.39 Water Quality of River Uttra Pinkhani: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at the interstate boundary of Karnataka/ A.P. BOD, DO & Total Coliform concentrations are meeting to the prescribed standards.

4.40 Water Quality of River Dhansari: Water quality monitoring of the river is carried out at 05 different locations at the interstate boundary of Assam/Nagaland. BOD, DO & Total Coliform concentrations are meeting to the prescribed standards.

Table 5: Statistical Summary of Water Quality at Identified Locations S. No River Location N Period of Observ BOD(mg/l) DO(mg/l) 1 ation Min Max Mean S.D. Min Max Mean S.D.

1 Yamuna Paonta Sahib, (H.P.) 28 2005-2013 0 3.6 1.19 0.62 6.1 10.7 7.8 1.40 Sonipat Baghpat Road, (Haryana) 25 2005-2013 1 8.2 2.38 1.55 4.5 11.3 7.29 0.83 Palla, (Delhi) 25 2005-2012 1 4 1.85 1.77 5.5 10.7 7.55 1.58 Asgarpur Village, (U.P.) 17 2005-2013 6 50 18.76 14.43 0 4 2.75 1.82 Buriya U/S Jagadhari (Haryana) 17 2005-2013 1 4 1.48 0.91 1 12 8.52 1.13 Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana) 18 2005-2013 2 37 14.9 9.58 0 12 3 3.24 Shergarh (U. P.) 25 2005-2010 1 10 3.79 2.38 4.1 20.6 9.05 3.29 Dak Pathar, (Uttarakhnad) 22 2005-2013 1 3.8 1.42 0.80 6.7 10.2 8.47 0.97 Hasanpur, Maholi, 7 2009-2013 4 26 7.68 8.35 0 1.35 2.62 2.90 2 Ghaggar Parwanoo,(H.P. ) 14 2006-2013 1 27 1.22 0.80 3.8 7.5 8.49 3.40 Sirsa Dabwali Road, (Haryana) 13 2006-2013 2 31 8.79 8.86 0 2.1 2.75 3.60 Mubarakpur, (Punjab) 15 2006-2013 3 24 7.94 7.16 1.8 7.4 4.94 1.69 Tiwana Village, (Punjab) 15 2006-2013 2 25 9.88 8.40 0.8 19.8 3.31 4.36 Chandrapur Siphon, (Haryana) 15 2006-2013 3 30 9.84 7.84 0 4.5 2.76 1.72 Sirdulgarh, (Punjab) 14 2006-2013 3 22 10.35 6.02 0 10.2 2.52 2.77 Parwanoo D/S , Amravati, 14 2006-2013 1 27 1.03 7.10 3.8 7.5 8.13 1.86 (Haryana) Ottu Weir (Haryana) 12 2005-2012 0 28 6.01 8.03 0 7 3.65 1.87 Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan) 7 2005-2012 1 24 8.24 8.25 1.5 6.3 4.28 2.38 3 Ganga Tarighat, Gazipur, (U.P.) 14 2005-2012 1 6 2.52 1.61 5.2 8.8 7.81 1.11 Sultanpur (Uttrakhand) 22 2005-2013 1 3 1.38 0.62 8 12 8.75 1.18 Bijnor Deoband Road (U. P.) 16 2005-2013 1 9.5 1.59 0.94 7 9 8.10 0.80 Dari Ganj, Sonepur, (Bihar) 10 2008-2012 1.6 4.8 2.55 1.11 5.8 8.7 7.26 1.21 4 Beas Changwara Village, (Punjab) 17 2006-2013 1 5 1.37 1.32 6.1 17.1 9.87 2.72 Talwara U/S (Pong Dam) Distt 18 2005-2013 1 6 1.48 1.26 6 9 7.69 1.05

5 Markanda Naraingarh, (Haryana) 17 2005-2013 1 85 6.44 5.54 1.5 6.7 3.34 1.91 Kala Amb U/S (H. P.) 19 2005-2013 1 4 1.69 2.34 4.4 11.2 8.02 1.93 6 Satluj Nangal (H. P.) 16 2006-2013 1 2 1.11 0.37 6 9.4 8.11 0.87 7 Dhela Kashipur-Muradabad Road, 13 2008-2013 6 131 53.15 44.04 0 2.3 0.80 1.13 Adampur Village(U.P.)

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S. No River Location N Period of Observ BOD(mg/l) DO(mg/l) 1 ation Min Max Mean S.D. Min Max Mean S.D.

8 Bahela Badli Village, Tehseel-Tanda 12 2008-2013 2 77 22.64 30.69 0.2 1.5 1.15 2.75 (U.P.)

9 Kosi Dadyal Bridge(U.P.) 13 2008-2013 1 4 2.30 1.24 3.5 10.4 6.70 1.52 10 Kitcha Pull Bhatta, Bareli road, 14 2008-2013 0 8 4.63 3.26 2.2 26 6.30 6.96 (Uttrakhand) 11 Sarsa Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village) 5 2009-2010 1 10 2.75 2 3 7.8 6.70 2.21 Punjab (B/C to R. Satluj) U/S at Saini Mazra, Punjab 6 2009-2013 3 4.21 3.68 1.09 10.4 12.8 9.64 2.90 12 Swan Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh 8 2009-2013 1 4 2.35 1.37 2.4 11.2 6.25 2.96 13 Pilakhar Rampur, Bhot (Uttar Pradesh) 7 2009-2013 1 2 2.76 1.06 0 7.8 6.25 1.26

14 Ravi Madhopur U/S , Punjab 7 2009-2013 1 2 1.12 0.40 7.8 9.2 8.61 0.54 Lakhanpur, D/s, Madhopur 4 2010-2012 1 2 1.18 0.5 7.4 9.8 8.92 1.38

15 Vardha Pandhurana Village, (M.P.) 17 2006-2012 1 6 2.24 1.34 5.2 9.1 6.62 1.08

Belur Dharmadabad & Karwar 4 2006- 2007 0.1 2.1 0.61 1 6.6 9.2 7.65 1.17 (Mosi) village (Maharashtra) 16 Mahi Bajna,R., Ratlam, (M.P.) 18 2006-2012 1 20 2.44 4.30 4.7 7.11 6.19 1.58

Bajaj Sagar, near Bansawara, 19 2006-2012 1 8 2.60 0.85 4 8.6 6.23 1.75 (Rajasthan) 17 Chambal Fish farm , Gandhisagar Dam, 19 2006-2012 1 4.7 2.10 1.66 6.1 9.8 6.65 1.63 (M.P) Udi (U.P.) 25 2006-2013 1 4 1.81 0.96 6.7 11 8.16 1.26 18 Churni Bijoypur (West Bengal) 17 2005-2013 2 31 7.7 7.23 1 5.8 1.84 1.94 19 Betwa D/S Dukwan Dam at 13 2005-2012 0 7.6 1.39 1.48 5.3 10.8 6.98 1.82 Babina,Birdha Road,Distt. Lalitpur, (U.P.) Kanjia bridge sagar, (M.P.) 15 2005-2012 0.8 4 1.54 0.90 2.8 10.4 7.24 1.93 20 Thenpennai Mugalur Bridge, (Karnataka) 11 2005-2011 2 19 7.42 7.24 1 6 2.43 1.70

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S. No River Location N Period of Observ BOD(mg/l) DO(mg/l) 1 ation

Min Max Mean S.D. Min Max Mean S.D.

21 Sone Chopan, (D/S before Reservoir 15 2005-2012 1 3 1.52 0.87 5.5 10.2 7.09 1.54 Rihand), (U.P.)

Deora (U/S before Reservoir 15 2005-2012 0.5 2 1.08 0.52 5.7 10.5 7.21 1.46 Rihand), (M.P.) 22 Tapi Prakasha, (Maharashtra) 5 2006-2012 0.5 8.3 3.45 3.00 7 9.7 8.24 1.20 Nizhar, (Gujarat) 5 2006-2012 1 5.5 2.21 1.72 7.1 8.1 7.13 1.00 Ajnad (Maharashtra) 6 2006-2012 0.7 12.6 2.92 4.68 7.1 14.5 10.38 3.12 23 Manjara Aurad Shahajani 2 2006-2007 4.3 4.3 4.3 - 7.3 7.3 7.3 - 24 Bhima Takli, Solapur, 9 2005-2011 1 5.7 2.30 1.38 6.8 11.2 8.34 1.64 (Maharashtra) Jewargi, 8 2005-2011 0.5 10 2.13 3.73 6.2 8 7.27 0.61 (Ganagapur),(Karnataka) 25 Krishna Khurundward, Kolhapur, 10 2005-2011 0.6 4.6 1.42 1.16 5.8 11.5 7.57 2.18 (Maharashtra) Deodurg (Karnataka) 10 2005-2011 0 1.6 0.97 0.77 5.5 7.9 7.21 3.17 26 Damanganga Jerry Causways, D/S of 18 2007-2013 1.41 29 5.92 8.18 0.3 8.47 3.07 2.35 CETP, (Gujarat) U/S of CETP discharge 18 2007-2013 0.7 4.2 1.73 1.02 6.1 9.1 7.62 0.80 GIDC Weir 27 Dhansari Bokajan, (Assam) 16 2005-2010 1.6 4.7 3.10 1.49 4.8 9 7.00 1.89 Ganeshnagar, (Nagaland) 16 2005-2010 0.7 16.5 1.88 4.42 0.3 10 5.35 3.18 Nagarjan Bridge, (Nagaland) 16 2005-2010 0.1 10.2 1.91 2.64 1 10 6.33 2.34 Khatkati Gate, (Nagaland) 16 2005-2010 0.3 2.6 1.61 0.68 5.8 10.5 7.85 1.38 Numaligarh, (Assam) 16 2005-2010 0.6 4.4 1.96 1.11 0.6 15.4 6.63 3.00 28 Damodar Sindri (Jharkhand) 17 2005-2013 0 3 2.10 0.63 4.9 8.9 7.42 0.85 Dishergarh ( West Bengal) 17 2005-2013 0 3 1.94 0.65 6.1 9.3 7.48 0.70 29 Indravati Nowrangpur (Orissa) 13 2005-2013 1.1 3 2.03 0.49 6.1 8 7.20 0.50 30 Cauvery Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur 8 2005-2011 0 5 1.18 1.57 6.2 8.6 6.59 1.29 Karnataka

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S. No River Location N Period of Observ BOD(mg/l) DO(mg/l) 1 ation Min Max Mean S.D. Min Max Mean S.D.

31 Tungabhadra Hochchelli (Karnataka) 8 2005-2011 0 7.4 2.56 3.53 4 9 7.73 2.36

32 Pennar Mothukapalli (Karnataka) 2 2005 1.1 1.1 1.1 - 5.3 5.3 5.3 - 33 Godavari Basra Kavalguda, 5 2005-2012 1 3 1.84 1.00 4 6.8 5.46 1.44 (Maharashtra) 34 Ramganga D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh 12 2005-2012 1 4.9 1.88 1.03 4.4 8.5 7.39 1.18 (U.P.) D/S Kalagarh, Dam 12 2005-2012 1 2.6 1.79 0.55 6.2 9.2 7.79 0.92 (Uttrakhand) 35 Mahanadi Hirakud (Orissa) 14 2005-2013 0 3 2.15 0.75 6.4 8.3 7.35 0.43 36 Narmada Navagam (Gujarat) 8 2006-2012 0.8 3.5 1.68 0.90 4.8 9.84 7.33 1.28 37 Wainganga Bapera, Bhandara 7 2006-2012 0.3 6.4 0.94 0.42 5.8 8.2 6.82 2.95 (Maharashtra) 38 Sabarmati Khedbrahma (Gujarat) 2 2005-2006 1.1 1.1 1.1 - 6.7 10.5 8.38 2.68

39 Subarnarekha Bheragora (Jharkhand) 17 2005-2013 0 3 2.14 0.86 7 9.7 7.67 0.79 Gopiballavpur (West 17 2005-2013 0 3 2.28 1.00 6.4 8.7 7.55 0.64 Bengal) Lakhannath (Orissa) 17 2005-2013 0 2.6 2.05 0.2 6.1 9.7 7.69 0.90 40 Uttra-Pinkhani 5 2005-2010 1 6 1.21 0.48 0.8 5.4 2.89 1.69 Hindupur(Andhra Pradesh)

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CHAPTER 5: STATUS OF WATER QUALITY

5.1 Identified polluted river locations:

Close observation of the results indicate that water quality of interstate rivers is deteriorating in respect to BOD, DO, TDS & TC and observed not fit for any designated usage. Discharge of untreated/partially treated wastewater or dumping solid waste into the rivers directly or through the drains are the main factor for the increase in pollution at these locations. Observed range of water quality parameters is summarized in Table 7:

Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters Sl. River N Period of DO BOD COD TDS TC FC No. observation (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (MPN/ (MPN/ 100 ml) 100ml) 1 Vardha Bangaon at 17 2006-12 5.2- 1-6 7-29 12-331 18-350 3-180 Bangaon Village near 9.1 Pandhurana Village (M. P.) 2 Vardha at Belur 4 2006-07 6.6- 0.1-2.1 6.5-22 4-193 110-900 130-300 Dharmadabad 9.2 (Maharashtra) 3 Mahi at Village Bajna, 18 2006-12 4.7- 1-20 6-27 25-296 15-440 2-210 Ratlam (M. P.) 7.11 4 Mahi Bajaj sagar Dam 19 2006-12 4.0- 1-8 7-32 5-390 23-320 4-140 at Gammon Bridge, 8.6 (Rajasthan) 5 Krishna at Kurundwad, 10 2005-11 5.8- 0.6-4.6 8.8-36.0 4.0-380 1700- 800-2800 Kolhapur (Maharashtra) 11.5 5000 6 Bhima at Takli, Solapur 9 2005-11 6.8- 1.0-5.7 8.2-36.0 12.3- 90-700 40-500 (Maharashtra) 11.2 844 7 Mahi at Kadna Dam, 8 2005-12 4.5- 0.7-5.9 12-31 9-192 40-90000 40-90000 Gujarat 9.3 8 Sabarmati at 2 2005-06 6.7- 1.1 7.5-14 2-18 2400- 300-500 Khedbrahma (Gujarat) 10.5 500000 9 Manjara at Aurad 2 2006 7.3 4.3 4.3 26 130 - Shahajani (Maharashtra) 10 Tapi at Prakasha 5 2006-12 7-9.7 0.5-8.3 18-69 53-311 2300- 910-5000 (Maharshtra) 9000 11 Tapi at Ajnad 6 2006-12 7.1- 0.7- 2.6 14.0 -35 9.2-413 800- 300-9000 (Marashtra ) 14.5 16000 12 Tapi at Nizhar (Gujarat) 5 2006-12 7.1- 1.0-5.5 11-30.3 9.4-191 1400- 1100- 8.1 46000 24000 13 Narmada at Navagam 8 2006-12 4.8- 0.8-3.5 1.8-21 6.0-136 80-1100 70-500 (Gujarat) 9.84 14 Wainganga at Bapera, 7 2006-12 5.8- 0.3-6.4 8.0-34 13-124 170-9000 130-5000 Bhandara (Maharashtra) 8.2 15 Damanganga at at Jarry 18 2007-2013 0.3- 1.41-29 4.2-224 446- 900- 9000- Causeway D/S of CETP 8.47 31262 90000 31262 discharge (Gujarat) 16 Damanganga U/S of 18 2007-2013 6.1- 0.7-4.2 8.6-32 121-242 9000- 900- CETP discharge GIDC 9.1 50000 30000 Weir (UT of Daman)

17 Indrawati at 13 2005-13 6.1- 1.1-3.0 2-23 28-52 408- 63-6900 Nowrangpur (Orissa) 8.0 27000

18 Mahanadi at Hirakund 14 2005-13 6.4- 0.0-3.0 5.0-15.0 15-30 816- 204- (Orissa) 8.3 97000 28280

19 Churni at Bijoypur 17 2005-13 1.0- 2-31 8-121 31-478 1224- 204- (West Bengal) 5.8 146000 30600

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Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters Sl. River N Period of DO BOD COD TDS TC FC No. observation (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (MPN/ (MPN/ 100 ml) 100ml) 20 Damodar at Sindri 17 2005-13 4.9- 0-3 8-14 40-243 1734- 600- (Jharkhand) 8.9 146000 146000

21 Damodar at Dishergarh 17 2005-13 6.1- 0-3.0 6-28 34-208 200- 300- (West Bengal) 9.3 448000 83600

SSubSubarnrekha22 17 2005-13 7-9.7 0-3.0 0-15 15-168 1900- 200- atataBehragora(Jharkhand) 197000 109000

23 Subarnrekha at 17 2005-13 6.4- 0-3 0-2 1-157 306- 202- Gopiballavpur (West 8.7 362400 30400 Bengal) 24 Subarnrekha at 17 2005-13 6.1- 0-2.6 3-12 27-154 510- 202- (Lakhnath) 9.7 85300 85300 25 Cauvery at Satyagala 8 2005-11 6.2- 0-5 3.0-16 222 140 34 Bridge, Narsipur 8.6 (Karnataka) 26 11 2005-11 1.0- 2.0-19 24.3- 36-581 350- 350- 6.0 104 71600 71600 Thenpennai at Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka) 27 Krishna at Deodurg 10 2005-11 5.5- 0-1.6 2-16 386 21-22000 21-22000 (Karnataka) 7.9 28 Tungabhadra at 8 2005-11 4.0- 0-7.4 1.5-19 7.4-548 13-16100 13-1100 Hochchelli (Karnataka) 9.0

29 Bhima at Jewargi, 8 2005-11 6.2- 0.5-10 1.3-28 6-596 2400- 2400- Gangapur, (Karnataka) 8.0 18000 18000

30 Pennar at Mothikepli, 1 2005 5.3 1.1 16 - - - (Karnataka) 31 Manjira at Janwada 5 2005-12 6.1- 1.3-3.6 6.0-54 12-272 930-8600 3500 (Karnataka) 6.6 32 Godavari at Basra 5 2005-12 4.0- 1-3 8.7-31.4 186- 258-5400 800-5400 Kavalguda,(Maharashtra 6.8 1081

33 Uttra-Pinkhani at 5 2005-10 0.8- 0-2 3.8-19 1223- 130 130 Hindupur (Andhra 5.4 15552 Pradesh)

34 Ganga at at Tarighat, 14 2005-12 5.2- 1-6 11-33.6 23-4081 350- 240- Gazipur (U. P.) 8.8 220000 110000

35 15 2005-12 2.8- 0.8-4.0 5-39 157-176 2- 2- 10.4 2100000 2100000 Betwa at Kanjira Bridge , Sagar (M.P.)

36 Betwa at D/S Dukwan 13 2005-12 5.3- 0.7-6 2.6-44 111-239 1.7-8000 1.8-49000 Dam Babina, Birdha 10.8 Road, Distt. Lalitpur (U.P.) 37 Sone at Chopan (U.P.) 15 2005-12 5.5- 1-3 3.9-44 102-421 170-35000 130- 10.2 24000 38 Sone at U/S of Deora 15 2005 - 12 5.7- 0.5-2.0 4-44 170-232 130- 79-13000 before Reservoir, Rihand 10.5 110000 (U.P.) 39 Ramganga at D/S 12 2005-12 4.4- 1.0-4.9 7-36 62.4- 200- 50- Sherkot, Kalagarh (U. 8.5 404 220000 110000 P.)

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Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters Sl. River N Period of DO BOD COD TDS TC FC No. observation (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (MPN/ (MPN/ 100 ml) 100ml) 40 Ramganga at D/S 12 2005-12 6.2- 1.0-2.6 3-16 158-436 40-160000 20-28000 Kalagarh, Dam 9.2 (Uttrankhand)

41 Ganga at Dariganj, Distt. 10 2008-12 5.8- 1.6-4.8 8.0-46 0-213 170- 110- Sonepur, (Bihar) 8.7 220000 110000 42 Satluj at Nangal (H.P.) 16 2006-13 6-9.4 1.0-2.0 2.0-95.0 114-324 25000- 610- 16000000 1910000 43 Beas at Talwara U/s 18 2005-13 6.0- 1.0-6.0 1.0-472 94-472 4300- 400- (Pong Dam), Kangra 9.0 6600000 1010000 (H.P.) 44 River Beas at D/S 17 2006-13 6.1- 1-5 4-180 116-180 6000- 420- (Changarwa Village), 17.1 2700000 1630000 (Punjab) 45 19 2005-13 4.4- 1.0-4.0 2.0-22.0 196-294 11000- 0.1- Markanda at Kala Amb 11.2 13000000 2800000 (H.P.)

46 Markanda at Narayangarh17 2005-13 1.5- 1.0-85 7-4700 202- 12000- 1260- (Haryana) 6.7 6594 11100000 1070000 00 47 Ghaggar 14 2006-13 3.8- 1-27 2-51 156-504 4300- 500- u/s Parwanoo (H.P.) 18 21200000 330000 48 Ghaggar at Parwanoo 14 2006-13 3.8- 1-27 2-57 172-504 4300- 360- D/S , Amravati, 7.5 10900000 1010000 (Haryana) 49 Ghaggar at Mubarakpur 15 2006-13 1.8- 3-40 17-148 168-514 110000- 2400- (Punjab) 7.4 21100000 1950000 0 50 Ghaggar at Tiwana 15 2006-13 0.8- 2-25 18-132 204- 2100- 3700- village (Punjab) 19.8 1224 13700000 1010000 51 Ghaggar at Sirsa 13 2006-13 0-2.1 2-31 20-588 198- 17000- 200- Dabwali Road (Haryana) 1228 30800000 220000 0 52 Ghaggar at Chandrapur 15 2006-13 0-4.5 3-30 11-299 244-984 400- 200- Siphon (Haryana) 31700000 750000 0 53 Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh 14 2006-13 0- 3-22 20-301 146- 10000- 100- (Punjab) 10.2 1024 2600000 22000 54 Ghaggar at Ottu Weir 12 2005-12 0-7 0-28 17-252 1-960 85000- 1300- (Haryana) 26000000 23000000 0 55 Ghaggar at Sirsa 7 2005-12 10.5- 1-24 10-142 132- 1100- 28- Hanumangarh Road 6.3 1114 2100000 111000 (Rajasthan) 56 Ganga at Sultanpur 19 2005-13 8-12 1-3 2-20 90-242 1300- 3600- (Uttarakhand) 35000000 153000 57 Ganga at Bijnour (U.P.) 16 2005-13 7-9 1-9.5 2-13 18-242 53000- 900- 8900000 9100000 58 Yamuna at Shergarh, 25 2005-10 4.1- 1-10 34-107 70-292 9300- 1500- Juhika (U. P.) 20.6 9000000 1790000

59 Yamuna at Mohena 18 2005-13 0-12 2-37 34-107 190- 33000- 9300- Palwal Road (Haryana) 1162 11300000 10500000 0 60 Yamuna at Pontasahib 28 2005-13 6.1- 0-3.6 1.0-30 1.0-304 10- 6-530000 (H. P.) 10.7 3300000

61 Yamuna at Buriya U/S 17 2005-13 1.0- 1-4 2-22 62-224 4900- 900- Jagadhari, Mandoli, 12.0 30000000 3900000 (Haryana) 0

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Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters Sl. River N Period of DO BOD COD TDS TC FC No. observation (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (MPN/ (MPN/ 100 ml) 100ml) 62 25 2005-13 4.5- 1-8.2 4-74 161-276 700- 800- Yamuna at Sonipat 11.3 7200000 3900000 Baghpat Road (Haryana)

63 25 2005-12 5.5- 1-4 3-27 124-394 7000- 1900- Yamuna at Palla, 10.7 17700000 17700000 Wazirabad (Delhi)

64 River Yamuna at 17 2005-13 0-4 6-50 28-282 540-958 240000- 43000- Asgarpur village, (U.P.) 17800000 2400000 0 65 7 2009-13 0- 4-26 23-82 266-820 49000- 7700- River Yamuna at 1.35 6100000 1100000 Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana) 66 River Chambal at Udi 25 2005-13 6.7- 1-4 2-29 20-700 150- 70-36000 (U.P.) 11.0 400000

67 Chambal at Fish farm , 19 2006-12 6.1- 1.0-26.0 7.0-37.0 2.0-441 19-380 4-360 Gandhisagar Dam, 9.8 (M.P)

68 Dhela at Adampur 13 2008-13 0-2.3 6.0-131 62-1044 194- 93000- 4300- Village, Bhojpur 1044 15200000 8800000 0 69 14 2008-13 2.2- 0-8 0.8-50 325-450 1700- 700- Kitchha at Pull Bhatta, 26 16000000 2200000 BareiliRoad, (Uttrakhand) 70 Kosi at Dadiyal Bridge, 13 2008-13 3.5- 1-4 12-82 168-380 17000- 700- (Uttrakhand) 10.4 2400000 220000

71 Bahela at Badli Village, 12 2008-13 0.2- 2-77 18-1148 264- 18- 18- Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.) 1.5 2012 78000000 10100000

72 Pilakhar at Rampur, 7 2009-13 0-7.8 1-2 12-32 278-416 7000- 40-4500 Bhot (Uttar Pradesh) 1400000 73 River Sarsa at Badhi 5 2009-13 3.0- 1-10 10-49 106-372 1180- 1180- D/S, (Ghanoli Village) 7.8 175000 192000 Punjab (B/C to R. Satluj) 74 6 2009-13 10.4- 3-4.21 21-85 330-540 168000- 900-2800 Sarsa at U/s Saini 12.8 2700000 Mazra , (Punjab)

75 River Swan at Dhangla 8 2009-13 2.4- 1.0-4.0 4.0-22.0 146-312 2300- 400- Village, Santoshgarh 11.2 4600000 4600000 (Punjab) 76 Ravi at Madhopur U/S , 7 2009-13 7.8- 1-2 3-10 96-370 4300- 220- (Punjab) 9.2 95000 4600000

77 4 2010-12 7.4- 1-2 5-6 114-130 4300- 900-4100 Ravi at Lakhanpur, D/s 9.8 220000 Madhopur(Jammu)

78 Dhansari at U/S Ganesh 16 2005-10 0.3- 0.7-16.5 8-82.32 80-125 17-1600 17 nagar , Nagaland 10.0 79 Dhansari at U/S, 16 2005-10 1.0- 0.1-10.2 7.8-21 90-130 19-540 4 Nagarjan Bridge, 10 Dimarpur Town, Nagalan 80 Dhansari at D/S 16 2005-10 5.8- 0.3-2.6 3.4-23.9 0.08- 27-1600 17-22

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Table 7: Observed Range of Water Quality Parameters Sl. River N Period of DO BOD COD TDS TC FC No. observation (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (mg/l) (MPN/ (MPN/ 100 ml) 100ml) Dimarpur Town , 10.5 145 Khatkati Gate, Nagaland 81 Dhansari at Bokajan, 16 2005-10 4.8- 1.6-4.7 6.7-35.2 0.14- 27-1600 17 Assam 9.0 150 82 Dhansari at Nimligarh, 16 2005-10 0.6- 0.6-4.4 12-31 51-103 17-220 17-26 Assam 15.4 83 Yamuna, Dak Pathar, 22 2005-2013 6.7- 1-3.8 2-77 74-162 21- 200- Uttaranchal 10.2 1030000 39000 Note: N denotes to no. of observations made.

5.2 Polluted River Locations Identified on Close Observation of above Tabulated Data:

1. Damanganga at Jarry Causeway, D/S of CETP Discharge (Gujarat).

2. Churni at Biyojpur (West Bengal).

3. Thenpennai at Mughalpur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka).

4. Markanada, Narayangarh (Haryana).

5. Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab).

6. Ghaggar at Tiwana Village (Punjab).

7. Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana).

8. Ghaggar at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana).

9. Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh (Punjab).

10. Ghaggar at Ottu Weir (Haryana).

11. Ghaggar at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan).

12. Yamuna at Mohena Pawal Road (Haryana).

13. Yamuna at Asgarpur Village (U.P.)

14. Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana).

15. Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur.

16. Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel- Tanda (U.P.)

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CHAPTER 6: ASSESSMENT OF WATER QUALITY AT INTERSTATES POINTS

6.1 Water quality of rivers monitored at various identified locations covered under IRBM Network is assessed based on the primary water quality criteria of the 04 parameters - DO, BOD, TDS and TC as depicted in Table 7. Locations showing any deviation from prescribed range are considered as polluted and are summarized in section 6.2.

Table 7: Prescribed Standards for BOD, DO, TDS and TC Parameter Prescribed Criteria BOD <= 3 mg/l DO >= 5 mg/l TDS 500 mg/l TC 500 MPN/100 ml Source: Primary Water Quality Criteria for Bathing Water as per the notification at serial no. 93 under Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986.

6.2 Percentage Wise Variation in BOD Values:

BOD (mg/l)

6% Less Than 3 mg/l 12% 7% Between 4-6 mg/l

75% Between 7-10 mg/l Above 10 mg/l

Figure 1: Pie Chart indicating BOD distribution

The close scrutiny of the Figure 1 shows that: • 75% locations having BOD concentration in the range of 3 mg/ml indicate the water quality is meeting the prescribed norms. • 7% of the locations have BOD concentration between 4 to 6 mg/l whereas 12% locations have BOD concentration between 7 to 10 mg/l and exceeding from the prescribed standards . • 6% locations having BOD concentration more than 10 mg/l indicate that water quality is deteriorated .

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6.3 Percentage Wise Variation in DO Values:

DO (mg/l)

1% 21% Below Than 5 mg/l

Between 5-10 mg/l 78% Above 10 mg/l

Figure 2: Pie Chart indicating DO distribution

The close scrutiny of the Figure 2 shows that: • 78% of the locations have DO concentration in the range of 5 to 10 mg/l and meeting the prescribed standard. • 21% locations have DO concentration below 5mg/l and are not meeting the prescribed standard. • 1% of the locations show that DO concentration is above 10 mg/l. 6.4 Percentage Wise Variation in TDS Values:

TDS (mg/l)

4% 20% Below Than 500 mg/l Between 500- 76% 1000 mg/l Above 1000 mg/l

Figure 3: Pie Chart indicating TDS distribution

The close scrutiny of the Figure 3 shows that:  76% of the locations i.e. 63 locations contain TDS within the prescribed limit of 500 mg/l.  20% of the locations contain TDS more than 500 mg/l but less than 1000 mg/l.  4% of the locations have TDS more than 1000 mg/l.

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6.5 Percentage Wise Variation in TC Values:

TC (MPN/100ml)

11% 4% Less Than 500 MPN/100 ml

Between 500-1000 MPN/100 85% ml Above 1000 MPN/100ml

Figure 4: Pie Chart indicating TC distribution

The close scrutiny of the Figure 4 shows that: :  11% of the locations indicate the TC range within the prescribed limit .  4% of the locations have TC range between 500-1000 MPN/100 ml.  85% of the locations have TC above 1000 MPN/100 ml and not meeting to the prescribed standards.

Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years River Location BOD (mg/l) Remarks DO (mg/l) Remarks 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 Yamuna Ponta Sahib 1 1 1.3 - Within 8.6 7.8 7.2 - Within (H.P.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Sonipat 1.5 2.3 1 2 Within 9.1 7.6 9 - Within Baghpat Road Prescribed Prescribed (Haryana) Limits Limits Palla (Delhi) 1 2 2 - Within 21.4 8.2 6.5 - Within Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Asgarpur 10.3 9 5 6 Not Within - - - - - Village (U.P.) Prescribed Limits Buriya U/S 1 - 1.5 3 Within 9 - 8.3 8.5 Within Jagadhari Prescribed Prescribed (Haryana) Limits Limits Mohena 14.3 - - 5 Not Within 1.2 3.3 - - Not Within Palwal Road Prescribed Prescribed (Haryana) Limits Limits Shergarh 9.85 - - - Not Within 4 - - 3 Not Within (U.P.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Dak Pathar 2 26 1.4 - Within 8.4 7.8 11 - Within (Uttarakhand) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits

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Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years River Location BOD (mg/l) Remarks DO (mg/l) Remarks 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 Hasanpur, 16 4 6 5 Not Within 1 1.35 5 7 Within Maholi Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Ghaggar Parwanoo 1 1 1 - Within 18 9.2 - - Within (H.P.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Sirsa Dabwali 8 11 - 3 Not Within 2.4 - - - Not Within Road Prescribed Prescribed (Haryana) Limits Limits Mubarakpur 38 40 4 6 Not Within 5 - - - Within (Punjab) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Tiwana 25 50 18 5 Not Within 5.2 4.2 - - Not Within Village Prescribed Prescribed (Punjab) Limits Limits Chandrapur 10 3 6 7 Not Within 3.4 - - - Not Within Siphon Prescribed Prescribed (Haryana) Limits Limits Sirdulgarh 10 17 8 7 Not Within 4.6 - - - Not Within (Punjab) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Parwanoo 1 3 1 - Within 7.8 7.2 - - Within D/S, Prescribed Prescribed Amravati Limits Limits (Haryana) Sirsa - 4 24 1 Within - - - - - Hanumangarh Prescribed Road Limits (Rajasthan) Ottu Weir 12 9 - - Not Within - - - - - (Haryana) Prescribed Limits Ganga Tarighat, 1.5 3.1 2.4 - Within 8.2 8.3 8.1 - Within Gazipur Prescribed Prescribed (U.P.) Limits Limits Sultanpur 1 1 1.3 1 Within 8.8 - - 10.4 Within (Uttarakhand) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Bijnor 8.2 0.6 1.3 - Within 8.21 - 8.4 8.2 Within Deoband Prescribed Prescribed Road (U.P.) Limits Limits Dari Ganj, 1.8 4.1 1.6 - Within 8.3 8.4 8.3 - Within Sonepur Prescribed Prescribed (Bihar) Limits Limits Beas Changwara 1 2.5 1 - Within 9 8.8 - - Within Village Prescribed Prescribed (Punjab) Limits Limits Talwara U/S 1 - - - Within 8.4 6.2 7.8 - Within (Pong Dam) Prescribed Prescribed Dist. Limits Limits Markanda Naraingarh 6 4.6 17 7 Not Within 5.6 8 0.6 - Within (Haryana) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Kala Amb 2.5 1 5 2 Within 4.7 9.7 - 9.9 Within U/S (H.P.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits

- 28 -

Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years River Location BOD (mg/l) Remarks DO (mg/l) Remarks 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 Satluj Nangal (H.P.) 1 1 1 - Within 8.6 7.8 - - Within Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Dhela Kashipur- 105 6 105 35 Not Within - - - - - Muradabad Prescribed Road, Limits Adampur Village (U.P.) Bahela Badli Village, 76 70 27 26 Not Within 1 1 0.6 - Not Within Tehseel- Prescribed Prescribed Tanda (U.P.) Limits Limits Kosi Dadyal 1.5 4 8.1 1.5 Within 7.6 6.1 8.3 - Within Bridge (U.P.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Kitcha Pull Bhatta, 9 8 7.3 8 Not Within 2.2 4.7 6.2 5.6 Within Bareli Road Prescribed Prescribed (Uttarakhand) Limits Limits Sarsa Badhi D/S 7.5 3 - 5 Not Within - - - - - (Ghanoli Prescribed Village) Limits Punjab (B/C to R. Satluj) U/S at Saini 30 5 4 - Not Within - - - - - Mazra, Prescribed Punjab Limits Swan Dhangla 2.1 3.5 2.5 - Within - - - - - Village, Prescribed Santoshgarh Limits Pilakhar Rampur, Bhot 1 4 3.3 3 Within 8.4 7.8 11 - Within (U.P.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Ravi Madhopur 1 1.5 - - Within - - - - - U/S, Punjab Prescribed Limits Lakhanpur 2 1 1 - Within D/S, Prescribed Madhopur Limits Vardha Pandhurana 3.9 2.3 2.6 - Within 6.8 6 5.8 - Within Village Prescribed Prescribed (M.P.) Limits Limits Mahi Bajna R., 4.1 2 3.5 - Within 6.3 6.4 5.8 - Within Ratlam (M.P.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Bajaj Sagar, 3.7 2.4 2.5 - Within 6.5 6.6 6.6 - Within near Prescribed Prescribed Bansawara Limits Limits (Rajasthan) Chambal Fish Farm, 2.9 2 5 - Within 6.8 6.4 5.8 - Within Gandhisagar Prescribed Prescribed Dam (M.P.) Limits Limits Udi (U.P.) 2 2 - - Within 9.6 - - - Within Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Churni Biyojpur 15 10.5 21 7.5 Not Within 0.9 0.9 0.9 - Not Within (W.B.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Betwa D/S Dukwan 1.3 1.1 4.6 - Within 7.8 8 - - Within - 29 -

Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years River Location BOD (mg/l) Remarks DO (mg/l) Remarks 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 Dam at Prescribed Prescribed Babina, Limits Limits Birdha Road, Dist. Lalitpur, (U.P.) Kanjira 1.8 1.7 1 - Within 9 7.8 - - Within Bridge Sagar Prescribed Prescribed (M.P.) Limits Limits Thenpennai Mugalur 6.3 19 - - Not Within 3.7 5.6 - - Within Bridge Prescribed Prescribed (Karnataka) Limits Limits Sone Chopan, (D/S 2 1.3 2 - Within 8.7 7.4 8.6 - Within before Prescribed Prescribed Reservoir Limits Limits Rihand) (U.P.) Deora (U/S 1.5 1 - - Within 8.2 7.9 8.7 - Within before Prescribed Prescribed Reservoir Limits Limits Rihand) (M.P.) Tapi Prakasha - 6.3 5.7 - Not Within - 9.7 9 - Within (Maharashtra) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Nizhar - - 2.4 - Within - - 5.6 - Within (Gujarat) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Ajnad - 12.6 3.4 - Not Within - 13 11 - Within (Maharashtra) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Bhima Takli, Solapur 2 3.4 - - Within - 7.1 - - Within (Maharashtra) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Jewargi 10 6 - - Not Within 6.9 7.9 - - Within (Gangapur) Prescribed Prescribed (Karnataka) Limits Limits Krishna Khurundward, 1.1 1.3 - - Within 6 8.6 - - Within Kolhapur Prescribed Prescribed (Maharashtra) Limits Limits Deodurg - - - - - 5.5 7.8 - - Within (Karnataka) Prescribed Limits Damanganga Jerry 23 7.3 24 - Not Within 2.3 3.9 3.8 - Not Within Causeways, Prescribed Prescribed D/S of CETP Limits Limits (Gujarat) U/S of CETP 1.7 3 2.3 - Within 8.1 8 8.4 - Within discharge Prescribed Prescribed GIDC Weir Limits Limits Dhansari Bokajan 5.5 - - - Not Within 6.7 - - - Within (Assam) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Ganeshnagar 1.2 - - - Within 6.9 - - - Within (Nagaland) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Nagarjan 1.3 - - - Within 7.1 - - - Within Bridge Prescribed Prescribed - 30 -

Table 8: Profile of Water Quality for Last Four Years River Location BOD (mg/l) Remarks DO (mg/l) Remarks 2010 2011 2012 2013 2010 2011 2012 2013 (Nagaland) Limits Limits Khatkati Gate 2 - - - Within 7.2 - - - Within (Nagaland) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Numaligarh 4.4 - - - Within 7.4 - - - Within (Assam) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Damodar Sindri - - 2.5 2 Within 7 7.9 7.1 8.9 Within (Jharkhand) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Dishergarh - 2.3 - 2 Within 7.4 7.7 7.7 8.5 Within (W.B.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Cauvery Satyagala - - - - - 6.5 6.2 - - Within Bridge, Prescribed Narsipur, Limits Karnataka Indrawati Nowrangpur 2.6 2 2 2 Within 6.6 7.4 7.1 7.6 Within (Orissa) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Tungabhadra Hochchelli - - - - - 8 8 - - Within (Karnataka) Prescribed Limits Godavari Basra 9 - 19 - Not Within 6 - - - Within Kavalguda Prescribed Prescribed (Maharashtra) Limits Limits Ramganga D/S Sherkot, 3 2.7 - - Within 6.9 8.4 8 - Within Kalagarh Prescribed Prescribed (U.P.) Limits Limits D/S Kalagarh 2.6 1 - - Within 6.6 9.2 7 Within Dam Prescribed Prescribed (Uttarakhand) Limits Limits Mahanadi Hirakund 2 - 2 - Within 7.7 7.3 7.4 7.7 Within (Orissa) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Narmada Navagam - 3.3 3.5 - Within - 9.8 7.6 - Within (Gujarat) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Wainganga Bapera, - - 0.92 - Within - - 6.4 - Within Bhandara Prescribed Prescribed (Maharashtra) Limits Limits Subarnrekha Bheragora 3 - 3 - Within 7.4 8.5 8 7.8 Within (Jharkhand) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Gopiballavpur - - 3 - Within 7.5 7.7 7.7 7.6 Within (W.B.) Prescribed Prescribed Limits Limits Uttra Pikhani Hindupur - - - - - 3 - - - Within (A.P.) Prescribed Limits

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CHAPTER 7: WATER QUALITY TREND

7.1 Water Quality of River Satluj

River Satluj originates from beyond Indian borders in the Southern lopes of the Kailash mountain near Mansarover lake from Rakas lake, It enters Himachal at Shipki and flows in the South- Westerly direction through Kinnaur, Shimla, Kullu, Solan, Mandi and Bilaspur districts. Its corse in Himachal Pradesh is 320 km. Water quality of river Satluj is monitored at Nangal (H.P.), interstate boundary for H.P. and Punjab.

Water Quality of River Satluj at Nangal (H.P.)

The water Quality of river Satluj is monitored for year 2006-13 having 16 number of observations.

Summary of Observations:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 2 3 4 1 2 1 1 16

Water Quality of River Satluj at Nangal (H.P.) during 2006-2013 is depicted in figures (1-6) :

10 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 2.5 6 2 1.5 4 1 2 0.5 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min Min 6 7.45 7.4 8.2 8.6 7.8 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max Max 8.2 7.8 8.7 9.4 8.6 7.8 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 Mean Mean 7.1 7.6 8.1 8.8 8.6 7.8 1.5 1 1.3 1 1 1 1 Figure 1 Figure 2

400 100 COD (mg/l) TDS(mg/l) 80 300

60 200 40 100 20 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 2 2 4 3 4 18 Min 136 116 114 112 124 140 130 Max 11 91 9 95 15 18 Max 140 130 124 324 124 204 130 Mean 6.5 46.5 7.3 26.5 8 18 Mean 138 123 117 200 124 172 130

Figure 3 Figure 4

- 32 -

20000000 2500000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 15000000 2000000 10000000 1500000 1000000 5000000 500000 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 0 6 7 8 9 0 1 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 45000 4E+06 29000 3E+06 25000 93000 Min 610 56000 2300 460 1000 23000 Max 9300002E+06 1E+07 2E+07 25000 93000 Max 4900 2E+06 77000 580000 1000 23000 Mean 4875008E+06 5E+06 7E+06 25000 93000 Mean 2755 983000 30066 231365 1000 23000

Figure 5 Figure 6

Close examination of figures 1 to 6 reveals following observations:

DO concentration is meeting to the minimum limit of 5.0 mg/l during 2006-2011 and ranges between 6mg/l in 2006 and 9.4 mg/l in 2009 respectively. BOD concentration is within the prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l and ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 2.0 mg/l during 2006 and 2008 respectively . COD concentration ranges between 2.0 mg/l and 95.0 mg/l. TDS concentration ranges between 114 mg/l and 324 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 25,000 MPN/100ml and 16,000,000 MPN/100ml during 2010 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 460(MPN/100ml) and 19, 10,000(MPN/100ml) during 2009 and 2007 respectively.

7.2 Water Quality of River Beas:

Beas River flows in the northern part of India. The river rises in the Himalayas in central Himachal Pradesh, and flows for some 470 km (290 miles) to the Sutlej River in the Indian state of Punjab. Its total length is 460 kilometres (290 mi) and its drainage basin is 20,303 square kilometres (7,839 sq m) large. Water quality of river Beas is monitored at two locations : (i) Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.) and (ii) D/S (Changarwa Village), (Punjab) , interstate boundaries for H.P. and Punjab 7.2.1 Water Quality of River Beas at Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.)

The water Quality of river Beas at Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.) is monitored for year 2006-13 having 18 number of observations.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 2 3 4 1 2 2 1 18

Water Quality of River Beas at Talwara U/s (Pong Dam), Kangra (H.P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 7 - 12 ):

- 33 -

10 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 7 6 6 5 4 4 3 2 2 0 1 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 1 1 1 1 1 1 Min 6 7.6 6.4 7 7.2 8.4 5.4 6.4 Max 1 3 2 2 6 1 Max 6 9 7.06 9 8.8 8.4 7 9.2 Mean 1 2 1.5 1.3 2.5 1 Mean 6 8.3 6.73 7.9 8.1 8.4 6.2 7.8

Figure 7 Figure 8

500 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 400 500 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Min 6 4 1 10 94 4 Min 117 103 112 112 94 128 Max 6 14 12 6.3 472 4 Max 117 128 178 124 472 128 Mean 6 9 6.5 1 236 4 Mean 117 116 145 116 236 128 Figure 10 Figure 9

FC (CFU/100 ml) TC (CFU/100 ml) 1200000 12000000 1000000 10000000 800000 8000000 600000 6000000 400000 4000000 200000 2000000 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 5 6 7 8 9 0 Min 1300 740 350002900 740 400 Min 11000 79000 3E+05 27000 1E+05 82000 Max 1300 750 410001E+051E+06 400 Max 11000 6E+05 7E+06 4E+06 1E+07 82000 Mean 1300 610 38000539664E+05 400 Mean 11000 3E+05 3E+06 2E+06 4E+06 82000

Figure 11 Figure 12

Close examination of figures 7 to 12 shows that:

DO concentration is well above the minimum limit of 5.0 mg/l during 2005-2012. DO concentration ranges between 5.4 mg/l and 9.0 mg/l during 2011 and 2008 respectively. BOD concentration ranges from 1.0 mg/l to 6 mg/l during 2005-2010. COD concentration ranges from 1.0 mg/l to 472 mg/l during 2005-2010. TDS concentration ranges between 94 mg/l and 472 mg/l in year 2009 only. TC count ranges between 11000MPN/100ml and 9700000 MPN/100ml during 2005 and 2009. FC count ranges between 400 MPN/100ml and 1010000 MPN/100ml during 2010 and 2009.

- 34 -

7.2.2 Water Quality of River Beas at D/S Changarwa Village, (Punjab)

The water Quality of river Beas at D/S Changarwa Village, (Punjab) is monitored for year 2006-13 having 17 number of observations.

Summary of Observations :

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 2 3 4 1 2 2 1 17

Water Quality of River Beas at D/S (Changarwa Village), (Punjab) during 2005-2013is depicted in graphs (from figures 13 - 18) below:

6 BOD(mg/l) DO (mg/l) 5 20 4 15 3 10 2 1 5 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 11.8 7.64 6.1 9 9 8.6 Min 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 13 8 17.1 12.2 9 9 Max 5 1 2 3 1 4 1 Mean 12.4 7.82 11.2 10.2 9 8.8 Mean 3 1 1.3 1.5 1 2.5 1

Figure 13 Figure 14

200 200 COD (mg/l) TDS(mg/l) 150 150

100 100

50 50

0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Min 142 156 4 5 9 9 4 Min 142 156 152 116 164 160 144 Max 162 180 11 16 9 14 8 Max 162 180 168 162 164 164 144 Mean 152 168 7.7 9.5 9 11.5 6 Mean 152 168 161 133 164 164 144

Figure 15 Figure 16

- 35 -

TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100ml) 25000000 2000000 20000000 1500000 15000000 1000000 10000000 5000000 500000 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 6 7 8 9 0 1 Min 8E+05 65000 1E+06 2E+06 6000 6000 Min 4100 1700 4700 34000 420 420 Max 1E+06 2E+05 3E+06 2E+07 6000 1E+05 Max 4400 30000 1700 2E+06 420 15000 Mean 1E+06 1E+05 2E+06 1E+07 6000 58000 Mean 1700 15850 28000 5E+05 420 7710

Figure 17 Figure 18

Close examination of figure 13 to 18 shows that:

DO concentration is meeting the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l during 2006-2011. DO concentration ranges between 6.1 mg/l and 17.1mg/l during same year i.e. 2008. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 5.0 mg/l during 2006 and 2012. COD concentration ranges between 4 mg/l and 180 mg/l during 2008/2012 and 2007 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 116 mg/l and 180 mg/l during 2008 & 2007 respectively. TC count ranges between 6000 MPN/100 ml and 19900000 MPN/100 ml during 2010 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 420 MPN/100ml and 1630000 MPN/100ml during 2010/ 2011 and 2009 respectively.

7.3.1 River Sarsa at U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab)

Water quality of river Sarsa is monitored at two locations : (i) U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab) and (ii) Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village), (B/C to R. Satluj) Punjab, interstate boundaries for H.P. and Punjab

The water Quality of river Sarsa at U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab) is monitored for year 2009-13 having 06 numbers of observations.

Summary of Observations :

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 1 1 2 1 6 .

Water Quality of River Sarsa at U/s Saini Mazra , (Punjab) during 2009-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 19-23 ):

- 36 -

35 100 30 BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) 80 25 20 60 15 40 10 20 5 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2012 Min 5 30 5 3 Min 21 85 23 Max 5 30 5 3 Max 21 85 30 Mean 5 30 5 3 Mean 21 85 26.5

Figure 19 Figure 20

TDS (mg/l) TC (MPN/100 ml) 600 300000 500 250000 400 200000 300 150000 200 100000 100 50000 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2013 2009 2010 2011 Min 330 540 0.3 250 Min 168000 270000 2000 Max 330 540 0.3 250 Max 168000 270000 2000 Mean 330 540 0.3 250 Mean 168000 270000 2000

Figure 21 Figure 22

3000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 2009 2010 2011 Min 900 2600 1500 Max 900 2600 1500

Mean 900 2600 1500 Figure 23

Close examination of figures 19 to 23 shows that:

BOD concentration is not within the prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l except in 2012. BOD concentration ranges between 3 mg/l and 30mg/l during year 2012 and 2010 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 21 mg/l and 85 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 540 mg/l during year 2011 and 2010 respectively. TC count ranges between 2000 MPN/100mland 270000 MPN/100ml during 2011 and 2010. FC concentration ranges between 900 MPN/100ml and 2600 MPN/100ml during 2009 and 2010.

7.3.2 River Sarsa at Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village), (B/C to R. Satluj), Punjab

- 37 -

The water Quality of river Sarsa at Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village), (B/C to R. Satluj) Punjab is monitored for year 2009-13 having 05 numbers of observations.

Summary of Observations:

Year 2009 2010 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 1 1 5

Water Quality of River Sarsa at Badhi D/S, (Ghanoli Village) Punjab (B/C to R. Satluj) during 2009-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 24-26 ):

BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) 12 60 10 50 8 40 6 30 4 20 2 10 0 0 2009 2010 2012 2013 2009 2010 2012 2013 Min 1 5 3 5 Min 10 23 30 16 Max 1 10 3 5 Max 10 49 30 16 Mean 1 7.5 3 5 Mean 10 36 30 16

Figure 24 Figure 25

TDS (mg/l) 400 350 300 250 200 150 100 50 0 2009 2010 2013 Min 106 220 364 Max 106 372 364 Mean 106 296 364 Figure 26

Close examination of figures 24 to 26 shows that:

BOD concentration is not meeting to the prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l in year 2009. BOD concentration ranges between is 1 mg/l in year 2009 whereas maximum BOD concentration is 10 mg/l in year 2010. Minimum COD concentration is 10 mg/l in year 2009 whereas maximum COD concentration is 49 mg/l in year 2010. Minimum TDS concentration is 106 mg/l in year 2009. Whereas maximum TDS concentration is 372 mg/l in year 2010.

7.4 River Swan at Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh (Punjab)

The water Quality of river Swan at Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh (Punjab) is monitored for year 2009-13 having 08 numbers of observations.

- 38 -

Summary of observations:

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 1 2 2 1 8

River Swan at Dhangla Village, Santoshgarh (Punjab) during 2009-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 27 to 31 ):

5 25 BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) 4 20 3 15 2 10 1 5 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 1 2.1 3 1 Min 4 4 10 8 Max 4 2.1 4 4 Max 8 4 22 10 Mean 2.5 2.1 3.5 2.5 Mean 6 4 16 9

Figure 27 Figure 28

TDS (mg/l) TC (MPN/100 ml) 350 5000000 300 4000000 250 200 3000000 150 2000000 100 1000000 50 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2013 2009 2010 2011 Min 150 312 284 146 Min 700000 70000 2300 Max 150 312 317 146 Max 4600000 70000 4300 Mean 150 312 300.5 146 Mean 2650000 70000 3300

Figure 29 Figure 30

300000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 250000 200000 150000 100000 50000 0 2009 2010 2011 Min 1020 400 900 Max 250000 400 900

Mean 125510 400 900

Figure 31

Close examination of figures 194 to 198 shows that:

- 39 -

BOD concentration is meeting the prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l in year 2010. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 4.0 mg/l during year 2012 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 22 mg/l during year 2009/2010 and 2011. TDS concentration ranges between 146 mg/l and 317 mg/l during in year 2013 and 2011. TC count ranges between 2300MPN/100ml and 4600000MPN/100ml during in year 2011 and 2009. FC count ranges between 400 MPN/100ml and 250000 MPN/100ml during year 2010 and 2009.

7.5 Water Quality of River Markanda:

River Markanda is a tributary of the River Ghaggar. It originates from the southern face of the lower Himalayas on the western extremity in the Paonta Valley. This rain-fed river has very low flow in the winters and summers, but during monsoon the water level rises abruptly. Water quality of river Markanda is monitored at two locations : (i) Kala Amb (H.P.) (ii) Naraingarh at interstate boundaries for H.P. and Haryana

7.5.1 River Markanda at Kala Amb (H.P.)

The water Quality of river Markanda at Kala Amb (H.P.) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 19 numbers of observations.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 2 3 4 1 1 3 2 19

Water Quality of River Markanda at Kala Amb (H.P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 32-27 ):

12 12 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Min 6.2 6.8 6.4 6.79 6.8 4.4 9 9.9 Min 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 2 2 Max 6.2 7.2 8.13 10.8 11.2 5 11 9.9 Max 1 2 2 1 3 4 1 11 2 Mean Mean 1 2 1.5 1.7 2.7 2.5 1 5 2 6.2 7 7.3 8.3 8.5 4.7 9.7 9.9

Figure 32 Figure 33

- 40 -

350 350 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 300 300 250 250 200 200 150 150 100 100 50 50 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 2 2 6 6 6 23 5 5 7 Min 206 216 196 202 214 208 240 218 Max 2 8 7 8 22 33 6 329 22 Max 206 294 224 234 244 224 270 236 Mean 2 5 6.5 6.7 12.3 28 5.5 114 14.5 Mean 206 255 210 216 228.7 216 255 227

Figure 34 Figure 35

TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 16000000 3000000 14000000 2500000 12000000 10000000 2000000 8000000 1500000 6000000 4000000 1000000 2000000 500000 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 Min 1100 8500 1E+0 3600 2E+01E+09E+0 Min 2200 1330 4200 3500 3300 4500 0.1 3E+0 Max 1100 3E+03E+01E+01E+01E+09E+0 Max 2200 4300 15402E+02E+02300 0.1 3E+0 Mean 1100 2E+02E+05E+09E+01E+09E+0 Mean 2200 2815 9800 75808E+01375 0.1 3E+0

Figure 36 Figure 37

Close examination of figure 32 to 37 shows that:

Dissolved Oxygen is well above the minimum limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2010. DO concentration ranges 4.4 mg/l and 11.2 mg/l during year 2010 and year 2009. BOD concentration is within the minimum limit of 3.0 mg/l except in year 2010 and 2012 .BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l to 11 mg/l. COD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 329 mg/l during year 2005/2006 and 2012. TDS concentration ranges between 196 mg/l and 294 mg/l during year 2007 and 2006. TC count ranges between 11000 MPN/100 ml and 134000000 MPN/100 ml during 2005 and year 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 0.1 MPN/100ml and 2800000MPN/100ml during year 2012 and year 2013.

7.5.2 River Markanda at Narayangarh (Haryana)

The water Quality of River Markanda at Narayangarh (Haryana) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 17 numbers of observations.

Summary of Observation made during 2005-13:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 2 3 4 1 1 2 1 17

Water Quality of River Markanda at Narayangarh (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 38-43 ) below:

- 41 -

10 2500 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 2000

6 1500

4 1000

2 500

0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Min 6 6 0 2 1.5 5.6 7 0 Min 1 2 2 6 7 6 4.6 2 7 Max 6 6 5 6.7 5.2 4.4 9 1.2 Max 1 2340 402 784 85 6 4.6 32 7 Mean 6 6 2.5 4.4 3.3 5.6 8 0.6 Mean 1 6 202 318 37 6 4.6 17 7

Figure 38 Figure 39

5000 7000 4500 COD (mg/l) TDS(mg/l) 4000 6000 3500 3000 5000 2500 4000 2000 1500 3000 1000 500 2000 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 1000 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 0 Min 8 7 10 33 58 32 18 8 39 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Max 8 4700 1379 3025 514 49 20 772 39 Min 296 308 224 202 266 626 244 424 Mean 8 2354 695 1237 222 40.5 19 390 39 Max 296 6594 890 1330 1044 470 244 424 Mean 296 3451 557 661 720 244 244 424

Figure 40 Figure 41

TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 1.2E+09 3000000 1E+09 2500000 800000000 2000000 600000000 1500000 400000000 1000000 500000 200000000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 13 05 06 07 08 09 10 13 Min 1200 8E+0 4E+0 1E+0 8E+0 2E+0 5E+0 Min 1700133012601E+050005E+02E+0 Max 1200 2E+0 2E+0 1E+0 1E+0 6E+0 5E+0 Max 170025002E+01E+02E+06E+02E+0 Mean 1200 1E+0 1E+0 4E+0 6E+0 3E+0 5E+0 Mean 1700191585636E+09E+05E+02E+0

Figure 42 Figure 43

Close examination of figure 38 to 43 shows that:

DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2005, 2006 and 2011. Minimum and maximum concentration of DO observed is 0 mg/l in year 2007 & 2012 and 9 mg/l in year 2011 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1mg/l to 2340 mg/l.Minimum BOD concentration observed is 1 mg/l in year 2005 whereas maximum concentration of BOD observed is 2340 mg/l in year 2006. Minimum COD concentration observed is 7 mg/l in year 2006 whereas maximum concentration of COD observed is 4700 mg/l

- 42 - in year 2006. Minimum concentration of TDS observed is 202 mg/l in year 2008 whereas maximum concentration of TDS observed is 6594 mg/l in year 2006. Minimum count of TC observed is 12000 MPN/100ml in year 2005 whereas maximum count of TC observed is 1110000000 MPN/100ml in year 2008. Minimum count of FC observed is 1260 MPN/100ml in year 2007 whereas maximum count of FC observed is 2400000 MPN/100ml in year 2009.

7.6 Water Quality of River Ghaggar

The Ghaggar is an intermittent river in India, flowing during the monsoon season. It originates in the Shivalik Hills of Himachal Pradesh and flows through Punjab, Haryana and Rajasthan. The Ghaggar originates in the Shivalik Range, northwestern Himachal Pradesh , and flows about 200 miles (320 km) southwest through Pinjore in the state of Haryana. It originates in the outer Himalayas between the Yamuna and the Sutluj and enters Haryana near Pinjore. Passing through Ambala and Hissar it reaches Bikaner in Rajasthan and runs a course of 290 miles before finally disintegrating in the deserts of Rajasthan.

It eventually loses itself in the sands of the Thar Desert . Just Southwest of Sirsa, it feeds two irrigation canals that extend into Rajasthan . Its seasonal flow is dependent on monsoon rainfall.

7.6.1 River Ghaggar at U/S Parwanoo (H.P.)

The water Quality of River Ghaggar at U/S Parwanoo (H.P.) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 14 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Himachal Pradesh and Haryana.

Summary of observations:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 3 3 3 1 1 1 1 14

Water Quality of River Ghaggar at U/S Parwanoo (H.P.) during 2006-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 44-49):

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 20 30 15 25 20 10 15 5 10 0 5 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 3.8 5.8 8.3 7.8 18 9.2 Min 27 1 1 1 1 1 1 Max 3.8 7.06 10.2 9.8 18 9.2 Max 27 3 3 1 1 1 1 Mean 3.8 6.43 9.5 8.93 18 9.2 Mean 27 2 1.67 1.17 1 1 1

Figure 44 Figure 45

- 43 -

60 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 50 600 40 500 30 400 20 300 200 10 100 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 51 7 3 2 5 Min 504 172 202 156 170 226 196 Max 51 8 4 9 5 Max 504 344 298 212 170 226 196 Mean 51 7.5 3.5 6.43 5 Mean 504 258 250 199.5 170 226 196

Figure 46 Figure 47

350000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 300000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 25000000 250000 20000000 200000 15000000 150000 10000000 100000 5000000 50000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 Min 5E+0 1E+0 1E+0 6900250043002100 Min 49002E+0 600 2100 500 900 1100 Max 5E+0 2E+0 2E+0 3E+0 250043002100 Max 49003E+021003E+0 500 900 1100 Mean 5E+0 2E+0 7E+0 3E+0 250043002100 Mean 49003E+088677711 500 900 1100

Figure 48 Figure 49

Close examination of figure 44 to 49 shows that:

DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2006 which is 3.8 mg/l. DO concentration ranges between 3.8 & 18 mg/l during 2006 & 2010. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 27 mg/l in during same year i.e. 2006. COD ranges between 2 mg/l and 51 mg/l during year 2009 and year 2006 respectively. TDS ranges between 156 mg/l & 504 mg/l during year 2009 & year 2006 respectively. TC count ranges between 2100 MPN/100ml and 21200000 MPN/100ml during 2013 and 2008. Minimum count of FC observed is 500 MPN/100ml in year 2010. Maximum count of FC observed is 330000 MPN/100ml in year 2007.

7.6.2 River Ghaggar at Parwanoo D/S, Amravati, (Haryana)

The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Parwanoo D/S, Amravati, (Haryana) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 14 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Himachal Pradesh.

Summary of observations:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 14

- 44 -

Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Parwanoo D/S , Amravati, (Haryana)during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 50-55 ) below:

30 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 25 12 10 20 8 15 6 4 10 2 5 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 3.8 5.8 8.3 7.4 7.8 7.2 Min 27 1 1 1 1 3 1 Max 3.8 7.06 11.2 9.5 7.8 7.2 Max 27 3 3 2 1 3 1 Mean 3.8 6.43 9.6 8.2 7.8 7.2 Mean 27 2 1.7 1.25 1 3 1

Figure 50 Figure 51

60 TDS (mg/l) COD (mg/l) 50 600 40 500 400 30 300 20 200 10 100 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 504 172 298 244 280 468 272 Min 51 7 2 5 5 20 Max 504 344 360 304 280 468 272 Max 51 8 17 8 5 20 Mean 504 258 329 282 280 468 272 Mean 51 7.5 7.33 6.5 5 20

Figure 52 Figure 53

TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 25000000 1200000 20000000 1000000 800000 15000000 600000 10000000 400000 5000000 200000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 Min 5E+06 1E+07 4E+06 9500027000 4300 13000 Min 4900 2E+0 5000 2000 360 1500 7900 Max 5E+06 2E+07 2E+07 1E+07 27000 4300 13000 Max 4900 3E+0 1700 1E+0 360 1500 7900 Mean 5E+06 2E+07 1E+07 4E+06 27000 4300 13000 Mean 4900 3E+0 1100 4E+0 360 1500 7900

Figure 54 Figure 55

Close examination of figure 50-55 shows that:

DO concentration is above the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2006 which is 3.8 mg/l. DO concentration ranges between 3.8 mg/l and 11.2 mg/l during year 2006 & 2008. BOD ranges between 1 mg/l and 27 mg/l during year 2006 and 2007 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 51 mg/l during year 2008 & 2006 respectively. TDS ranges between 72 mg/l and 504 mg/l in year 2007 and 2006 respectively. TC count ranges - 45 - between 4300MPN/100ml and 10900000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 360 MPN/100ml and 1010000 MPN/100 ml during year 2010 and 2009.

7.6.3 River Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab)

The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab) is monitored for year 2006-13 having 15 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Punjab and Haryana.

Summary of Observations:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 15

Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 56-61 ) below:

50 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 40 8 6 30 4 20 2 10 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 Min 3.4 3.72 4.8 1.8 5 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 3 3 12 3 38 40 4 6 Max 7 5.4 7.4 6.6 5 Max 16 4 24 14 38 40 4 6 Mean 5.2 4.56 5.73 4.5 5 Mean 9.5 3.5 19 10.25 38 40 4 6

Figure 56 Figure 57

160 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 140 600 120 500 100 400 80 300 60 200 40 100 20 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 248 168 302 264 334 514 400 Min 33 22 40 17 148 85 46 30 Max 366 320 408 366 334 514 400 Max 56 26 72 40 148 85 46 30 Mean 307 244 354.66 324 334 514 400 Mean 44.5 24 55.6 31.5 148 85 46 30

Figure 58 Figure 59

- 46 -

250000000 TC (MNP/100 ml) FC (MNP/100 ml) 200000000 2500000 150000000 2000000 1500000 100000000 1000000 50000000 500000 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Min 1E+051E+051E+05240060542150001E+05 Min 4E+06 3E+06 8E+05 1E+05 1E+06 1E+05 2E+05 Max 1E+062E+062E+062E+0660542150001E+05 Max 1E+07 2E+07 2E+08 2E+07 1E+06 1E+05 2E+05 Mean 4E+055E+052E+056536160542150001E+05 Mean 7E+06 7E+06 3E+06 1E+06 1E+06 1E+05 2E+05

Figure 60 Figure 61

Close examination of figure 56 to 61 shows that:

DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2010. DO concentration ranges between 1.8 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 3 mg/l and 40 mg/l during year 2006/ 2007/2009 and 2011. COD concentration ranges between 17 mg/l and 148 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010. TDS observed is 168 mg/l in year 2007whereas maximum value of TDS observed is 514 mg/l in year 2011. Minimum count of TC observed is 11000MPN/100ml in year 2011 whereas maximum count of TC observed is 211000000MPN/100ml in year 2008. Minimum count of FC observed is 2400 MPN/100mlyear 2009 and maximum count of FC observed is 1950000 MPN/100mlin year 2008.

7.6.4 River Ghaggar at Tiwana village (Punjab)

The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab) is monitored for year 2006-13 having 15 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Punjab and Haryana.

Summary of observations:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 15

Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Tiwana village (Punjab) during 2006-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 62-67 ) below:

25 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 20 60 15 50 40 10 30 5 20 10 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 4 4 1.7 0.8 5.2 4.2 Min 12 3 3 2 25 50 18 5 Max 19.8 4.8 4.8 4.6 5.2 4.2 Max 21 5 21 23 25 50 18 5 Mean 16.5 4 11.7 15.3 25 50 18 5 Mean 11.9 4.4 3.5 2.5 5.2 4.2

- 47 -

Figure 62 Figure 63

1400 COD (mg/l) TDS(mg/l) 1200 140 120 1000 100 800 80 60 600 40 400 20 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 0 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 64 20 28 18 132 121 73 28 Min 410 264 204 456 892 1224 546 Max 66 34 59 82 132 121 73 28 Max 842 442 522 588 892 1224 546 Mean 65 27 43.5 53.3 132 121 73 28 Mean 626 353 363 500 892 1224 546

Figure 64 Figure 65

1200000 TC (MPN/100 ml) F C (MPN/100 ml) 16000000 1000000 14000000 12000000 800000 10000000 8000000 600000 6000000 4000000 400000 2000000 200000 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 1E+068E+058E+055E+057E+05210004E+05 Min 97000 89000 56000 37000 40000 4300 79000 Max 5E+069E+051E+071E+077E+05210004E+05 Max 430000182000480000 1E+06 40000 4300 79000 Mean 3E+069E+055E+065E+067E+05210004E+05 Mean 263500135500208333536750 40000 4300 79000

Figure 66 Figure 67

Close examination of figure 62 to 67 shows that:

Minimum concentration ranges between 0.8 mg/l and 19.8 mg/l during year 2009 and 2006 respectively. BOD Concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 50 mg/l during year 2009 and 2011 respectively. COD ranges between 18 mg/l and 132 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010 respectively. TDS ranges between 204 mg/l and 1224 mg/l during year 2009 and 2011 respectively. TC count ranges between 21000 MPN/100ml and 13700000 MPN/100ml during year 2008 respectively. FC ranges between 4300 MPN/100ml and 1010000 MPN/100ml during year 2011 and 2009 respectively.

7.6.5 River Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana)

The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana) is monitored for year 2006- 13 having 13 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Punjab.

Summary of observations:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 1 2 3 4 1 1 1 13

- 48 -

Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana) during 2006-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 68-73 ) below:

14 BOD (mg/l) 12 DO(mg/l) 10 140 120 8 100 6 80 4 60 40 2 20 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 12.2 4.2 0 0 2.4 Min 15 2 4 9 8 11 3 Max 12.2 4.7 6 2.1 2.4 Max 15 8 128 23 8 11 3 Mean 15 5 54.3 19 8 11 3 Mean 12.2 4.45 3 0.4 2.4

Figure 68 Figure 69

700 1400 600 COD(mg/l) 1200 TDS (mg/l) 500 1000 400 800 300 600 200 400 100 200 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Min 68 20 143 42 72 127 47 Min 306 198 256 386 604 1026 418 Max 68 100 588 118 72 127 47 Max 306 640 1228 768 604 1026 418 Mean 68 60 365 80 72 127 47 Mean 306 419 730.7 577 604 1026 418

Figure 70 Figure 71

TC (MNP/100 ml) FC (MNP/100 ml) 350000000 250000 300000000 200000 250000000 200000000 150000 150000000 100000 100000000 50000000 50000 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Min 3E+0 8E+0 1E+0 3E+0 2800 2E+0 1700 Min 2E+051E+0511200 2700 200 4000011000 Max 3E+0 1E+0 3E+0 1E+0 2800 2E+0 1700 Max 2E+052E+052E+0590000 200 4000011000 Mean 3E+0 9E+0 1E+0 4E+0 2800 2E+0 1700 Mean 2E+052E+058873310350 200 4000011000

Figure 72 Figure 73

Close examination of figure 68 to 73 shows that:

DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2006. Minimum concentration of DO observed is 0 mg/l in year 2008 and 2009 whereas maximum concentration of DO observed is 12.2 mg/l in year 2006. Concentration of BOD is not meeting to the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l except in year 2013. Minimum concentration of BOD - 49 - observed is 2 mg/l in year 2007 whereas maximum concentration of BOD observed is 128 mg/l in year 2008. Minimum concentration of COD observed is 20 mg/l in year 2007. Maximum concentration of COD observed is 588 mg/l in year 2008. Minimum concentration of TDS observed is 198 mg/l in year 2007 whereas maximum concentration of TDS observed is 1228 mg/l in year 2008. Minimum count of TC observed is 17000MPN/100ml in year 2013 whereas maximum count of TC observed is 308000000MPN/100mlin year 2008. Minimum count of FC observed is 200MPN/100ml in year 2010 whereas maximum count of FC observed is 220000MPN/100ml in year 2006.

7.6.6 Ghaggar at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana)

The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana) is monitored for year 2006-13 having 15 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Punjab.

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 2 3 4 1 1 1 1 15

Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 74-79 ):

5 100 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 4 80

3 60

2 40 1 20 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 0.2 0 2.5 1.6 3.4 Min 13 4 5 11 10 3 6 7 Max 2.6 3.2 4.2 4.5 3.4 Max 30 20 95 21 10 3 6 7 Mean 1.4 1.6 3.4 3.2 3.4 Mean 21.5 12 38.3 14.7 10 3 6 7

Figure 74 Figure 75

COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 350 1200 300 1000 250 200 800 150 600 100 400 50 200 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 0 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 170 22 11 35 81 23 83 48 Min 898 244 326 445 484 352 368 Max 241 82 299 153 81 23 83 48 Max 984 740 868 445 484 352 368 Mean 205.5 52 130 85.3 81 23 83 48 Mean 941 492 628 445 484 352 368

Figure 76 Figure 77

- 50 -

TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 350000000 800000 300000000 700000 600000 250000000 500000 200000000 400000 150000000 300000 100000000 200000 100000 50000000 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Min 2E+071E+062E+055E+05 9000 15000 400 Min 2900 5200 6100 2300 200 7000 200 Max 2E+074E+063E+086E+06 9000 15000 400 Max 4400 1E+0 3E+0 8E+0 200 7000 200 Mean 2E+072E+061E+082E+06 9000 15000 400 Mean 3650 9550 1E+0 3E+0 200 7000 200

Figure 78 Figure 79

Close examination of figure 74 to 79 shows that:

DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0mg/l. concentration of DO ranges between 0 mg/l and 4.5 mg/l during year 2007 and year 2009 respectively. BOD concentrations is not meeting to the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l except in year 2011and ranges between 3mg/l and 95 mg/l during year 2008 and year 2011 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 11 mg/l and 299 mg/l in the same year i.e. year 2008. TDS concentration ranges between 244 mg/l and 984 mg/l during year 2007 and year 2006 respectively. TC count ranges between 400MPN/100ml and 317000000MPN/100ml during year 2013 and year 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between is 200 MPN/100ml and 750000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and year 2008.

7.6.7 River Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh (Punjab)

The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh (Punjab) is monitored for year 2006-13 having 14 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Punjab.

Summary of observations:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 2 3 3 1 1 1 1 14

Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirdulgarh (Punjab) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 80-85 ):

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 12 100 10 80 8 60 6 4 40 2 20 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Min 0.1 6 0 1.4 4.6 Min 8 3 8 8 10 17 8 7 Max 10.2 6 5.4 3.6 4.6 Max 22 64 84 21 10 17 8 7 Mean 5.15 6 3 2.2 4.6 Mean 15 33.5 36 14.3 10 17 8 7

Figure 80 Figure 81 - 51 -

1200 COD (mg/l) 1000 TDS (mg/l) 350 800 300 250 600 200 150 400 100 50 200 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Min 21 30 20 45 71 67 111 43 Min 146 222 276 390 586 592 410 Max 124 158 301 92 71 67 111 43 Max 1024 880 834 714 586 592 410 Mean 72.5 94 16174.7 71 67 111 43 Mean 585 551 556 562 586 592 410

Figure 82 Figure 83

60000000 160000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 50000000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 140000 120000 40000000 100000 30000000 80000 20000000 60000 10000000 40000 20000 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Min 8E+07E+036001E+010002E+04900 Min 490007500 2100 2200 100 4000022000 Max 2E+02E+05E+01E+010002E+04900 Max 2E+05670001650080000 100 4000022000 Mean 1E+02E+02E+04E+010002E+04900 Mean 1E+0537250816734400 100 4000022000

Figure 84 Figure 85

Close examination of figure 80 to 85 shows that:

DO concentration are not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2007. DO concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 10.2 mg/l during year 2008 and 2006 respectively. BOD concentration is exceeding to the maximum prescribed limit and ranges between 3 mg/l and 84mg/l during year 2008 and year 2007 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 20 mg/l and 301 mg/l during same year i.e. 2008. TDS concentration ranges between 146mg/l and 1024 mg/l in the same year i.e. 2006. TC count ranges between 10000 MPN/100ml in and 19500000 MPN/100ml during 2010 and 2006 respectively. FC count ranges between 100 MPN/100ml in and 151000 MPN/100ml during 2010 and 2006 respectively.

7.6.8 River Ghaggar at Ottu Weir (Haryana)

The water Quality of River Ghaggar at Ottu Weir (Haryana) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 12 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Rajasthan.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 Total Observations 1 2 2 3 2 1 1 12

- 52 -

Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Ottu Weir (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 86-91 )below:

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 80 7 70 6 60 5 50 4 40 3 2 30 1 20 0 10 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2012 Min 6.1 6.6 3.14 0 2.8 Min 2 2 2 0 11 12 9 Max 6.1 7 5 4 3.7 Max 2 3 6 70 13 12 9 Mean 6.1 6.8 4.07 2.65 3.3 Mean 2 2.5 4 14 12 12 9

Figure 86 Figure 87

1200 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 1000 300 800 250 200 600 150 400 100 50 200 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 2013 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2011 Min 57 90 19 17 36 129 54 Min 125 581 168 1 106 960 Max 57 90 50 252 106 129 54 Max 125 581 644 744 106 960 Mean 57 90 34.5 134.5 71 129 54 Mean 125 581 406 130.5 106 960

Figure 88 Figure 89

250000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 200000 30000000 25000000 150000 20000000 15000000 100000 10000000 5000000 50000 0 0 2007 2008 2009 2011 2007 2008 2009 2011 Min 85000 1980000 450000 430000 Min 7700 1300 4000 230000 Max 1180000 2.6E+07 1700000 430000 Max 27000 111000 230000 230000 Mean 632500 2890000 1075000 430000 Mean 17350 83500 117000 230000

Figure 90 Figure 91

Close examination of figure 86 to 91 shows:

DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2005 and 2006. DO Concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 7 mg/l during year 2008 and 2006 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 70 mg/l in the same year i.e. 2008. BOD concentration ranges between 17 mg/l and 252 mg/l in the same year 2008. TDS ranges between 1 mg/l and 960 mg/l during year 2008 and 2011 respectively. TC count ranges between 85000 MPN/100ml and 26000000MPN/100ml during year 2007 and 2008 respectively. FC

- 53 - count ranges between 1300MPN/100ml and 23000000MPN/100ml during year 2008 and 2009/ 2011 respectively.

7.6.9 River Ghaggar at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan)

The water Quality of River Ghaggar at at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 7 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Rajasthan. During monitoring in summer season, the river is found often dry.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2007 2008 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 1 1 1 1 7

Water Quality of River Ghaggar at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 92-97 ):

30 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 25 7 6 20 5 4 15 3 10 2 1 5 0 2005 2007 2008 0 2005 2007 2008 2011 2012 2013 Min 4.2 1.57 6.3 Min 1.26 3 2 9 24 1 Max 4.2 6.2 6.3 Max 1.26 4 2 9 24 1 Mean 4.2 3.885 6.3 Mean 1.26 3.5 2 9 24 1

Figure 92 Figure 93

600 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 500 150 400 100 300 50 200 0 100 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 7 8 1 2 3 0 2005 2007 2008 2011 2013 Min 23 18 30 142 104 10 Min 216 172 238 114 132 Max 23 31 30 142 104 10 Max 216 506 238 114 132 Mean 23 24.5 30 142 104 10 Mean 216 339 238 114 132

Figure 94 Figure 95

- 54 -

2500000 TC (MNP/100 ml) FC (MNP/100 ml) 2000000 120000 1500000 100000 80000 1000000 60000 40000 500000 20000 0 0 2005 2007 2008 2013 2005 2007 2008 2013 Min 1100 1980000 1260000 14000 Min 28 67000 38000 4000 Max 1100 2100000 1260000 14000 Max 28 111000 38000 4000 Mean 1100 2040000 1260000 14000 Mean 28 89000 38000 4000

Figure 96 Figure 97

Close examination of figure 92 to 97 shows that:

DO concentration are not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2008. DO concentration ranges between 1.57 mg/l and 6.3 mg/l in the same year i.e. 2008. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 24 mg/l during year 2013 and 2012. COD concentration ranges between 10 mg/l and 142 mg/l during year 2013 and 2011 respectively. TDS ranges between 114 mg/l and 506 mg/l during year 2011 and 2007 respectively. TC count ranges between 1100 MPN/100ml and 2100000MPN/100 ml in year 2005 and 2007. FC count ranges between 28 MPN/100ml and 111000 MPN/100ml during year 2005 and 2007 respectively.

7.7 Water Quality of River Ganga

River Bhagirathi and river Alaknanda originate in Garhwal Himalayas and join at Devprayag to form River Ganga. River Ganga traverses through Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand and West Bengal and thereafter enters Bangladesh. The important tributaries of Ganga are the Yamuna, the Kali, the Ramganga, the Ghaghra, the Gandak, the Kosi, and the Sone.

7.7.1 River Ganga at Sultanpur (Uttrakhand)

The water Quality of River Ganga at Sultanpur (Uttrakhand) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 22 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 2 3 4 2 1 3 4 22

Water Quality of River Ganga at Sultanpur (Uttrakhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 98-103 ):

- 55 -

14 12 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 3.5 3 8 2.5 6 2 1.5 4 1 2 0.5 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Min 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 Min 7.2 8.4 8.4 6.8 8 8.8 10.02 Max 1 1 1 2 3 1 1 2 1 Max 7.2 12 8.43 10.3 9.6 8.8 10.8 Mean 1 1 1 2 2 1 1 1.3 1 Mean 7.2 10.2 8.415 8.4 8.9 8.8 10.4

Figure 98 Figure 99

300 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 250 25 200 20 150 15 10 100 5 50 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Min 12 2 2 6 3 17 7 5 Min 92 106 100 94 102 118 90 116 Max 12 7 6 20 9 17 7 8 Max 92 126 102 112 140 118 90 242 Mean 12 4.5 4 11 5.5 17 7 6.5 Mean 92 116 101 106 119 118 90 169

Figure 100 Figure 101

180000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 160000 FC(MPN/100 ml) 40000000 140000 35000000 120000 30000000 100000 25000000 80000 20000000 15000000 60000 10000000 40000 5000000 20000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Min 2E+02E+07E+0750018006E+01300 Min 3300 1110 7000 1190 3600 4000 200 Max 2E+07E+03E+04E+03E+06E+06300 Max 3300 5500 7100 2E+0 5700 4000 4300 Mean 2E+04E+01E+01E+01E+06E+03215 Mean 3300 3305 7050 6230 2467 4000 2160

Figure 102 Figure 103

Close examination of figure 98 to 103 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.8 mg/l and 12.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2006 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2005-13. COD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 20 mg/l during year 2006/2007 and 2008 respectively. TDS ranges between 90 mg/l and 242 mg/l during year 2011 and 2013. TC count ranges between 1300

- 56 -

MPN/100ml and 35000000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 200MPN/100ml and 153000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2008 respectively.

7.7.2 River Ganga at Bijnour (U.P.)

The water Quality of River Ganga at at Bijnour (U.P.) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 16 numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 1 2 1 4 1 1 3 2 16

Water Quality of River Ganga at Bijnour (U.P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 104-109):

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 8 9 8.2 7 6.6 8.21 8.4 8.2 Min 8 9 8.2 7 6.6 8.21 0.6 1 Max 8 9 8.33 9 9.5 8.21 8.4 8.2 Max 8 9 8.33 9 9.5 8.21 0.6 2 Mean 8 9 8.26 7.8 8.2 8.21 8.4 8.2 Mean 8 9 8.26 7.8 8.2 8.21 0.6 1.3

Figure 104 Figure 105

14 12 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 10 300 8 250 6 200 150 4 100 2 50 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 124 148 102 78 100 136 94 126 Min 13 2 5 6 3 8 8 7 Max 124 148 124 152 126 136 94 242 Max 13 2 13 13 10 8 8 11 Mean 124 148 113 115 115 136 94 184 Mean 13 2 9 8.3 7 8 8 9

Figure 106 Figure 107

- 57 -

10000000 TC (MNP/100 ml) FC(MNP/100 ml) 8000000 1000000 6000000 800000 4000000 600000 400000 2000000 200000 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Min 1E+0 2E+0 5E+0 3E+0 5300 7E+0 1E+0 Min 910003100031000 900 11100510079000 Max 1E+0 2E+0 8E+0 9E+0 3E+0 7E+0 1E+0 Max 9100031000840009E+053E+05510079000 Mean 9100031000575003E+051E+05510079000 Mean 1E+0 2E+0 4E+0 4E+0 1E+0 7E+0 1E+0

Figure 108 Figure 109

Close examination of figure 104 to 109 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.6 mg/l and 9.5 mg/l in year 2009 only. BOD concentration ranges between 0.6 mg/l and 9.5 mg/l during year 2011 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 13 mg/l during year 2006 and 2005,2008 respectively. TDS ranges between 78 mg/l and 242 mg/l during 2008 and 2013 respectively. TC count ranges between 53000 MPN/100ml and 8900000 MPN/100ml during year 2009 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 900 MPN/100ml and 91000000 MPN/100ml during year 2008 and 2010 respectively.

7.8 River Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur

The water Quality of River Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur is monitored for year 2005-13 having 13 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.

Summary of observations:

Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 3 1 2 3 2 13

Water Quality of River Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 110-114 ):

400 350 BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) 300 1200 250 1000 200 800 150 600 100 400 50 200 0 0 200 200 201 201 201 201 200 200 201 201 201 201 8 9 0 1 2 3 8 9 0 1 2 3 Min Min 20 63 105 6 65 35 117 307 236 78 173 62 Max Max 41 340 105 6 131 35 210 1044 236 78 333 188 Mean 163.5778.3 236 78 264 125 Mean 30 167 105 6 105 35

Figure 110 Figure 111

- 58 -

TDS (mg/l) TC(MNP/100ml) 1800 160000000 1600 140000000 1400 120000000 1200 1000 100000000 800 80000000 600 60000000 400 40000000 200 20000000 0 0 200 200 201 201 201 201 200 200 201 201 201 201 201 8 9 0 1 2 3 8 9 1 2 0 1 3 Min 480 832 540 274 428 194 Min 3E+071E+0593000430007E+05930001E+06 Max 652 1616 540 444 428 426 Max 2E+082E+072E+075E+067E+052E+071E+06 Mean 566 1167.3 540 359 428 310 Mean 9E+071E+078E+063E+067E+058E+061E+06

Figure 112 Figure 113

FC (MNP/100 ml) 10000000 8000000 6000000 4000000 2000000 0 200 200 201 201 201 8 9 0 1 3 Min 1E+06 41000 6800 43000460000 Max 3E+06 9E+06 6800 $5,40 460000 Mean 2E+06 3E+06 6800 3E+06460000

Figure 114

Close examination of figure 110 to 114 shows that:

BOD concentration ranges between 6.0 mg/l and 340 mg/l during year 2011 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 62 mg/l and 1044 mg/l during year 2013 and 2009 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 194 mg/l and 1616 during year 2013 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 43000 MPN/100ml and 152000000 MPN/100 ml during year 2010 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 6800 MPN/100ml and 8800000MPN/100ml during year 2011 and 2009 respectively.

7.9 River Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.)

The water Quality of River Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 12 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 0 0 0 2 3 1 2 3 1 12

Water Quality of River Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 115-120 ):

- 59 -

2 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 1.5 200 1 150 100 0.5 50 0 0 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 1 1 0.2 Min 2 44 76 70 2 26 Max 1 1 1.5 Max 9 145 76 70 69 26 Mean 1 1 0.6 Mean 5.5 94.5 76 70 27 26

Figure 115 Figure 116

1400 2500 1200 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 1000 2000 800 1500 600 400 1000 200 0 500 200 200 201 201 201 201 0 8 9 0 1 2 3 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 18 138 159 180 101 79 Min 402 654 264 334 796 240 Max 186 1148 159 180 789 79 Max 422 2012 264 676 796 240 Mean 102 643 159 180 311.3 79 Mean 412 1333 264 505 796 240

Figure 117 Figure 118

90000000 12000000 TC(MNP/100ml) FC (MNP/100 ml) 80000000 10000000 70000000 60000000 8000000 50000000 6000000 40000000 30000000 4000000 20000000 2000000 10000000 0 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 1E+06 7E+06 250000540000 18 Min 60000 1E+06 7200 40000 18 Max 3E+06 8E+07 250000 1E+06 18 Max 93000 1E+07 7200 240000 18 Mean 2E+06 4E+07 250000820000 18 Mean 76500 7E+06 7200 140000 18

Figure 119 Figure 120

Close examination of figure 115 to 120 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 0.2 mg/l and 1.0 mg/l in the same year 2012. BOD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 145 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 18 mg/l and 1148 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. TDS ranges between 264 mg/l and 2012 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively. TC ranges between 18 MPN/100ml and 78000000MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2009 respectively. FC ranges between 18MPN/100ml and 10100000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2009.

- 60 -

7.10 River Kitchha at Pull Bhatta, Bareili Road, (Uttrakhand)

The water Quality of River Kitchha at Pull Bhatta, Bareili Road, (Uttrakhand) is monitored for year 2008-13 having 14 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.

Summary of observations:

Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 3 1 2 4 2 14

Water Quality of River Kitchha at Pull Bhatta, Bareili Road, (Uttrakhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 121-126 ):

14 30 DO (mg/l) 12 BOD (mg/l) 25 10 20 8 15 6 10 4 5 2 0 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 22 4.7 2.2 2.5 5.6 5.6 Min 0 4 6 8 4 3 Max 26 7.7 2.2 6.8 6.8 5.6 Max 4.3 9 12 8 10 13 Mean 24 5.8 2.2 4.7 6.2 5.6 Mean 2.15 6.5 9 8 7.3 8

Figure 121 Figure 122

100 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 80 600 60 500 40 400 300 20 200 0 100 200 200 201 201 201 201 0 8 9 0 1 2 3 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 0.8 14 50 89 8 15 Min 390 325 248 240 316 526 Max 5 36 55 89 42 55 Max 450 410 426 438 316 534 Mean 2.9 24 52.5 89 24.7 35 Mean 420 367.5 352 339 316 530

Figure 123 Figure 124

TC (MNP/100 ml) FC (MNP/100ml) 20000000 10000000 15000000 8000000 10000000 6000000 5000000 4000000 0 2000000 20 20 20 20 20 0 08 09 10 11 13 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 7E+0 7100 1000 5E+0 1700 Min 7E+06 1300 300 93000 780 Max 9E+0 2E+0 1000 2E+0 1700 Max 9E+06 6000 300 2E+06 780 Mean 8E+0 8E+0 1000 2E+0 1700 Mean 8E+06 3650 300 1E+06 780

Figure 125 Figure 126

- 61 -

Close examination of figure 121 to 126 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 2.2 mg/l and 26 mg/l during year 2010 and 2008 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 13 mg/l year 2008 and 2013 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 0.8 mg/l and 89 mg/l during year 2008 and 2011 respectively. TDS ranges between 240 mg/l and 534 mg/l during 2011 and 2013 respectively. TC count ranges between 1700 MPN/100ml and 16000000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2011 respectively. FC count ranges between 300 MPN/100ml and 9200000 MPN/100ml during year 2010 and 2008 respectively .

7.11 River Kosi at Dadiyal Bridge, (Uttrakhand)

The water Quality of River Kosi at Dadiyal Bridge, (Uttrakhand) is monitored for year 2008-13 having 13 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.

Summary of observations :

Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 3 1 2 3 2 13

Water Quality of River Kosi at Dadiyal Bridge, (Uttrakhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 127-132 ):

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 12 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 6.4 3.5 7.6 6.8 6.2 Min 5 2 1 4 8 1 Max 7.4 7.8 7.6 5.4 10.4 Max 3.5 10 2 4 8.2 2 Mean 6.9 6 7.6 6.1 8.3 Mean 3 5 1.5 4 8.1 1.5

Figure 127 Figure 128

90 80 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 70 400 60 350 300 50 250 40 200 150 30 100 20 50 0 10 200 200 201 201 201 201 0 8 9 0 1 2 3 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 332 270 330 290 268 296 Min 16 18 12 32 33 14 Max 380 372 330 296 268 296 Max 29 32 35 32 82 19 Mean 356 315.7 330 293 268 296 Mean 22.5 25.7 36.5 32 57.5 16.5

- 62 -

Figure 129 Figure 130

3000000 2500000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 2000000 250000 1500000 200000 1000000 150000 100000 500000 50000 0 200 200 201 201 201 0 8 9 0 1 3 2008 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 2E+06 44000 20000 17000 79000 Min 119000 2700 700 4500 13000 Max 2E+06 2E+06 43000 43000 79000 Max 156000220000 9000 7000 13000 Mean 2E+06 1E+06 31500 30000 79000 Mean 13750085900 700 5750 13000

Figure 131 Figure 132

Close examination of figure 127 to 132 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 3.5 mg/l and 10.4 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 10 mg/l during year 2010/2013 and 2009. COD concentration ranges between 12 mg/l and 82 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012. TDS concentration ranges between observed is 268 mg/l in year 2012 whereas maximum concentration of TDS observed is 380 mg/l in year 2008. Minimum count of TC observed is 17000 MPN/100ml in year 2011. Maximum count of TC observed is 2400000 MPN/100ml in year 200 while minimum count of FC observed is 700 MPN/100ml in year 2010 whereas maximum count of FC observed is 220000 MPN/100ml in year 2009.

7.12 River Pilakhar at Rampur , Bhot (Uttar Pradesh)

The water Quality of river Pilakhar at Rampur , Bhot (Uttar Pradesh) is monitored for year 2009- 13 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Uttrakhand.

Summary of observations:

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 1 1 3 1 7

Water Quality of River Pilakhar at Rampur, Bhot (Uttar Pradesh) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 133-138 ):

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 12 5 10 4 8 3 6 4 2 2 1 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 9.6 8.4 7.8 10.8 Min 2 1 4 3 3 Max 9.6 8.4 7.8 11.2 Max 2 1 4 4 3 Mean 9.6 8.4 7.8 11 Mean 2 1 4 3.3 3

- 63 -

Figure 133 Figure 134

500 TDS (mg/l) COD (mg/l) 400 35 300 30 25 200 20 15 100 10 5 0 0 200 201 201 201 201 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 9 0 1 2 3 Min 13 20 32 12 15 Min 342 416 400 278 412 Max 13 20 32 29 15 Max 342 416 400 278 412 Mean 13 20 32 20.3 15 Mean 342 416 400 278 412

Figure 135 Figure 136

5000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MNP/100 ml) 4000 1600000 1400000 1200000 3000 1000000 800000 2000 600000 400000 1000 200000 0 2009 2010 2011 2013 0 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 1400000 7000 90 14000 Min 1200 500 40 4500 Max 1400000 7000 90 14000 Max 1200 500 40 4500 Mean 1400000 7000 90 14000 Mean 1200 500 40 4500

Figure 137 Figure 138

Close examination of figures 133 to 138 shows that:

DO concentration is not meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l. Minimum DO concentration ranges between 7.8 mg/l and 11.2 mg/l during year 2011 and year 2012 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 4 mg/l during year 2010 and 2011 /2012 respectively. COD concentration ranges 12 mg/l and 32 mg/l during year 2012 and year 2011. TDS concentration ranges between 278 mg/l and 416 mg/l during year 2012 and year 2010 respectively. TC count ranges between 90 MPN/100ml and 1400000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2009. FC count ranges between 40MPN/100ml and 4500 MPN/100ml during year 2011 and 2013 respectively.

7.13 Water Quality of River Ravi

The water Quality of river Ravi is monitored at (i) Madhopur U/S, (Punjab) and (ii) at Lakhanpur, D/s Madhopur (Jammu and Kashmir) at the interstate boundaries of Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir.

7.13.1 River Ravi at Madhopur U/S, (Punjab)

The water Quality of river Ravi at Madhopur U/S, (Punjab) is monitored for year 2009-13 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir.

- 64 -

Summary of observations:

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 1 2 2 1 7

Water Quality of River Ravi at Madhopur U/S, (Punjab) during 2009-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 139-142 ):

BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) 2.5 12 2 10 1.5 8 6 1 4 0.5 2 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Min 1 1 1 Min 10 3 5 Max 1 1 2 Max 10 3 6 Mean 1 1 1.5 Mean 10 3 5.5

Figure 139 Figure 140

TDS (mg/l) TC (MNP/100 ml) 400 100000 350 300 80000 250 60000 200 150 40000 100 50 20000 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Min 370 144 150 Min 95000 23000 4300 Max 370 144 104 Max 95000 23000 9300 Mean 370 144 127 Mean 95000 23000 6800

Figure 141 Figure 142

5000 FC (MNP/100 ml ) 4000

3000

2000

1000

0 2009 2010 2011 Min 620 220 900 Max 620 220 4300 Mean 620 220 2600

Figure 143

Close examination of figure 139 to 143 shows that:

- 65 -

BOD concentration is well within the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l and it was 1 mg/l in each observation made during 2009-10. Minimum concentration of COD observed is 3 mg/l in year 2010 whereas maximum concentration of COD observed is 10 mg/l in year 2009. Minimum concentration of TDS observed is 144mg/l in year 2010 and maximum concentration of TDS observed is 370 mg/l in year 2009. Minimum count of TC observed is 4300MPN/100ml in year 2011. Maximum count of TC observed is 95000 MPN/100ml in year 2009. Minimum count of FC observed is 220MPN/100ml in year 2010. Maximum count of FC observed is 4300 MPN/100ml in year 2011.

7.13.2 River Ravi at Lakhanpur, D/s Madhopur (Jammu and Kashmir )

The water Quality of river Ravi at Lakhanpur, D/s Madhopur (Jammu and Kashmir) is monitored for year 2010-12 having 04 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir.

Summary of observations:

Year 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 1 2 1 4

Water Quality of River Ravi at Lakhanpur, D/s Madhopur (Jammu) during 2010-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 144-145 ):

2.5 7 BOD(mg/l) COD(mg/l) 2 6 5 1.5 4 1 3 2 0.5 1 0 0 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 Min 2 1 1 Min 5 1 6 Max 2 1 1 Max 5 1 6 Mean 2 1 1 Mean 5 1 6

Figure 144 Figure 145

Close examination of figures 144-145 shows that :

BOD concentration is well within the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l. Minimum COD concentration observed was 1 mg/l in the year 2011. Maximum COD concentration observed was 6 mg/l in the year 2012.

7.14 Water Quality of River Yamuna

7.14.1 River Yamuna at Dak Pathar (Uttarakhnad)

Water Quality of River Yamuna at Dak Pathar (Uttrakhand) is monitored for 2005-13 having 16 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttrakhand and Himachal Pradesh.

Summary of observations:

- 66 -

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 4 2 4 4 2 3 22

Water Quality of River Yamuna at Dak Pathar (Uttrakhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 146-151):

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 15 30 10 20 10 5 0 0 200 200 200 201 201 201 2009 2010 2011 2012 7 8 9 0 2 3 Min 9.6 8.4 7.8 10.8 Min 1 1 1 2 26 1 Max 9.6 8.4 7.8 11.2 Max 1 2 3.8 2 26 2 Mean 9.6 8.4 7.8 11 Mean 1 1.5 2.2 2 26 1.4

Figure 146 Figure 147

200 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 150 100 80 100 60 40 50 20 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2006 2007 2009 2010 2013 Min 10 2 12 10 7 6 Min 142 105 133 162 74 Max 10 13 29 28 7 77 Max 142 105 133 162 130 Mean 10 6.3 20.3 19 7 41.5 Mean 142 105 133 162 96

Figure 148 Figure 149

50000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MNP/100 ml) 40000 1200000 1000000 30000 800000 600000 20000 400000 200000 10000 0 2007 2009 2010 2013 0 2007 2009 2010 2013 Min 18000 21 9100 21 Min 200 500 510 11000 Max 1030000 53000 45000 14000 Max 39000 500 7000 11000 Mean 544500 26510.5 24775 4697 Mean 15725 500 2617.5 11000

Figure 150 Figure 151

Close examination of figures 146 to 151 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.7 mg/l and 10.2 mg/l during year 2009 and 2007 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 26mg/l during year 2007 and 2011 respectively. COD concentrations ranges between 2 mg/l and 77 mg/l during year 2007 and 2012 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 74 mg/l and 162 mg/l during year 2013 and 2010 respectively. TC count ranges 21 MPN/100 and 1030000 MPN/100 during year 2009 and 2007 respectively. FC count ranges between 200 MPN/100 ml and 39000 MPN/100 ml during the year 2007. - 67 -

7.14.2 River Yamuna at Pontasahib (H. P.)

The water Quality of river Ravi Yamuna at Pontasahib (H. P.) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 28 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Punjab and Jammu & Kashmir.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 28

Water Quality of River Yamuna at Pontasahib (H. P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 152-157 ):

4 DO (mg/l) 3.5 BOD (mg/l) 12 3 10 2.5 8 2 6 4 1.5 2 1 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0.5 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 6.2 6.5 7.8 6.3 7.7 7.1 6.1 6.1 Min 1 2 1 1 1 0 0.8 1.2 Max 6.2 8.5 10.6 9.5 8.8 10.7 9.9 8 Max 1 3.64 1 1 2 2 1.2 1.4 Mean 6.2 7.5 9 8 8.1 8.6 7.8 7.2 Mean 1 2.82 1 1 1.3 1 1 1.3

Figure 152 Figure 153

35 COD (mg/l) 30 TDS (mg/l) 25 500 20 400 15 300 10 200 5 100 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 2005 2006 2008 2011 2012 2013 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Min 190 220 270 169 151 168 Min 5 13 1 3 5 10 2.4 2.4 6 Max 190 250 414 304 185 168 Max 5 22 9 7 24 30 4.6 3.2 6 Mean 190 235 365 236.3 171.3 168 Mean 5 17.5 4 5.3 12.5 17.7 3.4 3 6

Figure 154 Figure 155

- 68 -

TC (MPN/100 ml) 600000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 3500000 500000 3000000 2500000 400000 2000000 300000 1500000 1000000 200000 500000 0 100000 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 Min 6305606101E+800120 10 16 170 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Max 6308609E+4E+3E+4E+ 20 29 170 Min 5900 3200 240 140 4000 2000 7 6 1100 Max 5900 4200 5100 2300 5E+0 7000 14 16 1100 Mean 6307104E+3E+1E+2E+ 15 22 170 Mean 5900 3700 1462 1421 2E+0 4000 10.3 11.5 1100

Figure 156 Figure 157

Close examination of figures 152 to 157 shows that:

Dissolved Oxygen concentration ranges between 6.1mg/l and 10.7 mg/l during 2011 and 2010 respectively. BOD concentration ranges 0 mg/l and 3.64 mg/l during year 2010 and 2006 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 30 mg/l during the year 2010 . TDS concentration ranges between 151 mg/l and 414 mg/l during year 2012 and 2008 respectively. TC count ranges between 10 MPN/100ml and 3300000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 6MPN/100ml and 30000MPN/100ml during year 2012 and 2009 respectively.

7.14.3 River Yamuna at Buriya U/S Jagadhari, Mandoli, (Haryana)

The water Quality of river Yamuna at Buriya U/S Jagadhari, Mandoli, (Haryana) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and H.P.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 2 3 4 1 2 2 17

Water Quality of River Yamuna at Buriya U/S Jagadhari, Mandoli, (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 158-163 ):

5 DO (mg/l) 4 BOD (mg/l) 14 12 3 10 8 2 6 4 1 2 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 Min 12 8 7.2 1 7.8 9 8.2 8.5 Min 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 Max 12 9.4 8.04 2 10.4 9 8.4 8.5 Max 1 2 2 2 4 1 2 3 Mean 12 8.7 7.62 1.3 9.3 9 8.3 8.5 Mean 1 1.5 1.3 1.5 2.5 1 1.5 3

Figure 158 Figure 159

- 69 -

250 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 200 25 20 150 15 100 10 5 50 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Min 13 2 4 6 4 4 22 6 Min 185 166 92 92 62 140 105 Max 13 9 6 10 17 9 22 11 Max 185 224 118 156 212 140 105 Mean 13 5.5 5 7.7 9.8 6.5 22 8.5 Mean 185 140 105 124 139.5 140 105

Figure 160 Figure 161

35000000 5000000 FC(MPN/100 ml) 30000000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 4000000 25000000 20000000 3000000 15000000 2000000 10000000 1000000 5000000 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 05 06 07 08 09 10 13 Min 6200 2E+0 3E+0 5E+0 9300 7E+0 4900 Min 108049002300 900 230067004900 Max 6200 2E+0 1E+0 3E+0 2E+0 7E+0 4900 Max 1080133043004E+02E+067004900

Mean 6200 2E+0 7E+0 1E+0 8E+0 7E+0 4900 Mean 1080910033001E+07E+067004900

Figure 162 Figure 163

Close examination of figures 158 to 163 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 12.0 mg/l during 2008 and 2005. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 4 mg/l in year 2009. COD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 22 mg/l during year 2006 and 2012 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 62 mg/l and 224 mg/l during year 2009 and 2006 respectively. TC count ranges between 4900 MPN/100ml and 30000000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 900MPN/100ml and 3900000 MPN/100ml in the year 2008.

7.14.4 Yamuna at Sonipat Baghpat Road (Haryana)

The water Quality of river Yamuna at Sonipat Baghpat Road (Haryana) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 25 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and H.P.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 1 3 3 4 4 4 3 2 25

Water Quality of River Yamuna at Sonipat Baghpat Road (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 164-168 ):

- 70 -

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 12 10 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 6.1 6.4 6.5 4.5 6.3 6.8 6.2 6.7 Min 1 3 6.5 2 1 1 2 1 2 Max 6.1 6.4 8.2 9.1 7.611.39.2 9 Max 1 3 8.2 3 3 2 3 1 2 Mean 6.1 6.47.257.2 7 9.1 7.6 9 Mean 1 3 7.3 2.5 2 1.5 2.3 1 2

Figure 164 Figure 165

COD (mg/) TC(MPN/100 ml) 80 8000000 70 7000000 60 6000000 50 5000000 40 4000000 30 3000000 20 2000000 10 1000000 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 4 11 6 11 20 8 5 0 Min 8005502202E+2E+700490900330 Max 4 11 13 27 24 74 20 9 Max 8005507E+7E+5E+6105E+7E+490 Mean 4 11 10 18.3 22 41 12.5 7.8 Mean 8005503E+2E+2E+3402E+6E+261

Figure 166 Figure 167

FC (MPN/100 ml) 500000 400000 300000 200000 100000 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Min 3400 920 800 7800 5900 3300 1700 9000 1300 Max 3400 920 1E+054E+053E+054000430004300022000 Mean 3400 920 326701E+052E+053650171753392511650

Figure 168

** TDS was not analyzed at River Yamuna at Sonipat - Baghpat Road (Haryana).

Close examination of figures 164 to 168 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 4.5 mg/l and 11.3 mg/l in 2008 and 2010 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 8.2 mg/l during year 2007. COD concentration is 0 mg/l and 74 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012 respectively. TC count ranges between 3300 MPN/100ml and 7200000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2012 respectively. FC count ranges between 800 MPN/100ml and 390000 MPN/100ml during year 2007 and 2008 respectively.

7.14.5 River Yamuna at Palla, Wazirabad (Delhi)

- 71 -

The water Quality of river Yamuna at Palla, Wazirabad (Delhi) is monitored for year 2005-12 having 25 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Haryana and Delhi.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 1 1 4 4 4 4 4 3 25

Water Quality of River Yamuna at Palla, Wazirabad (Delhi) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 169-174 ):

25 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 20 7 15 6 5 10 4 3 5 2 1 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 7.2 7.8 5.5 6.6 5.5 5.9 7.1 6.1 Min 1 5 2 1 1 1 1 2 Max 7.2 7.8 10.7 9.2 9.1 6.1 9.3 7.2 Max 1 5 6 3 4 1 3 2 Mean 1 5 4 1.8 2 1 2 2 Mean 7.2 7.8 8.35 7.9 7.3 21.4 8.2 6.5

Figure 169 Figure 170

35 500 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 30 400 25 20 300 15 200 10 5 100 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Min 3 14 10 4 3 4 7 11 Min 280 306 330 132 156 124 250 Max 3 14 27 17 13 32 27 18 Max 280 306 394 328 366 250 250 Mean 3 14 18.510.5 7.8 14.714.3 14 Mean 280 306 362 245 223 212 250

Figure 171 Figure 172

TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 20000000 20000000 15000000 15000000 10000000 10000000 5000000 5000000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Min 42006400160052002500900070001600 Min 195 190 160 520 250 900 400 230 Max 420064002E+02E+06E+0410024001700 Max 195 190 2E+ 2E+ 6E+ 410 460 160 Mean 420064004E+01E+03E+0252514501666 Mean 195 190 4E+ 1E+ 3E+ 252 195 876

Figure 173 Figure 174

- 72 -

Close examination of figures 169 to 174 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 5.5 mg/l and 10.7 mg/l during year 2007 and 2009. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 6 mg/l in the year 2007. COD concentration ranges between 3 mg/l and 32 mg/l during year 2005 and 2010. TDS concentration ranges between 124 mg/l and 394 mg/l in year 2010 and 2007 respectively. TC count ranges between 7000 MPN/100 ml and 17700000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2007 respectively. FC count ranges between 1900MPN/100ml and 17700000 MPN/100ml during year 2006 and 2007.

7.14.6 Yamuna at Asgarpur village, (U.P.)

The water Quality of river Yamuna at Asgarpur village, (U.P.) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Delhi.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 2 3 4 1 1 1 2 17

Water Quality of River Yamuna, Asgarpur village, U.P. (Delhi/UP Border) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 175-179 ):

120 100 BOD (mg/l) COD (mg/l) 80 300 60 250 200 40 150 20 100 0 50 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Min 6 45 25 18 20 103 9 5 6 Min 28 132 88 85 73 282 24 23 25 Max 6 50 29 42 35 103 9 5 6 Max 152 152 97 231 122 282 24 23 25 Mean 132 88 92.5 153 89 282 24 23 25 Mean 6 48 27 29 27 103 9 5 6

Figure 175 Figure 176

1200 200000000 1000 TDS (mg/l) TC (MPN/100 ml) 150000000 800 600 100000000 400 50000000 200 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 Min 540 958 890 610 552 836 300 416 298 Min 1E+0 9E+0 8E+0 1E+0 3E+0 5E+0 2E+0 4E+0 Max 540 958 958 792 938 836 300 416 630 Max 1E+0 1E+0 3E+0 2E+0 1E+0 5E+0 2E+0 4E+0 Mean 540 958 924 701 753 836 300 416 464 Mean 1E+0 9E+0 2E+0 8E+0 7E+0 5E+0 2E+0 4E+0

Figure 177 Figure 178

- 73 -

12000000 10000000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 8000000 6000000 4000000 2000000 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 13 Min 3E+0 9E+0 3E+0 2E+0 1E+0 9200 4300 2E+0 Max 3E+0 4E+0 9E+0 1E+0 4E+0 9200 4300 2E+0 Mean 3E+0 2E+0 4E+0 5E+0 1E+0 9200 4300 2E+0

Figure 179

Close examination of figures 175 to 179 shows that:

BOD concentration ranges between 5 mg/l and 103 mg/l during year 2012 and 2010 respectively COD concentration ranges between 23 mg/l and 282 mg/l during year 2012 and 2010 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 298 mg/l and 958 mg/l during year 2013 and 2007 respectively. TC count 240000 MPN/100ml and 178000000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2008. FC count ranges between 43000 MPN/100ml and 11200000MPN/100ml during year 2011 and year 2008 respectively.

7.14.7 Yamuna at Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana)

The water Quality of river Yamuna at Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 18 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Delhi.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2013 Total Observations 1 2 2 3 4 4 2 18

Water Quality of River Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 180-185 ):

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 14 40 35 12 30 10 25 8 20 6 15 4 10 2 5 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Min 0 0 0 0 0 0 3.28 Min 13 10 8 4 7 2 5 Max 6.4 8 12.1 2.5 3.5 2.8 3.28 Max 32 21 37 26 24 24 5 Mean 2 3.4 4.6 1.1 1.3 1.6 3.3 Mean 24.3 16.5 22.5 14.5 17.3 14.3 5

Figure 180 Figure 181

- 74 -

120 1400 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 100 1200 1000 80 800 60 600 40 400 20 200 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Min 39 55 34 41 55 36 35 Min 386 190 235 220 222 194 298 Max 79 74 107 75 74 79 35 Max 1162 442 470 452 1042 534 720 Mean Mean 774 299 336.8372.5780.5374.7 509 61 67.8 79 61.3 65 54.8 35

Figure 182 Figure 183

120000000 12000000 100000000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 10000000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 80000000 8000000 60000000 6000000 40000000 4000000 20000000 2000000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 13 05 06 07 08 09 10 13 Min 2E+0 2E+0 2E+0 6E+0 9E+0 2E+0 3300 Min 2100 2700 1300 1E+0 1700 9300 2300 Max 2E+0 1E+0 7E+0 1E+0 1E+0 6E+0 3300 Max 5E+0 1E+0 2E+0 2E+0 7E+0 4E+0 2300 Mean Mean 1E+0 3E+0 7E+0 8E+0 3E+0 2E+0 2300 5E+0 4E+0 4E+0 5E+0 5E+0 2E+0 3300

Figure 184 Figure 185

Close examination of figures 180 to 185 shows that:

DO concentration ranges 0 mg/l and 12.1 mg/l during 2007. BOD concentration is 2 mg/l and 37 mg/l during year 2010 and 2007. COD concentration ranges between 34 mg/l and 107 mg/l during year 2007. TDS concentration ranges between 190 mg/l and 1162 mg/l during year 2006 and 2005 respectively. TC count ranges between 33000 MPN/100ml and 113000000 MPN/100 ml during year 2013 and 2006. FC count ranges between 9300 MPN/100ml and 10500000MPN/100 ml during year 2010 and 2006.

7.14.8 Yamuna at Shergarh, Juhika (U. P.)

The water Quality of river Yamuna at Shergarh, Juhika (U. P.) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 25 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Haryana.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2013 Total Observations 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 25

Water Quality of River Yamuna at Shergarh , Juhika (U. P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 186-191 ):

- 75 -

25 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 20 12 15 10 8 10 6 4 2 5 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Min Min 7.2 7.4 6.6 5.5 4.5 4.1 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 Max Max 15.4 18.8 11.3 20.6 13.8 14.7 10 10 6 6 7 7 3 Mean 5.75 5.25 3.25 3 4.25 4 3 Mean 9.7 12.75 8.6 10.775 9.95 9.85

Figure 186 Figure 187

120 600 100 COD (mg/l) 500 TDS (mg/l) 80 400 60 300 40 200 20 100 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Min 39 55 34 41 55 36 21 Min 200 70 208 250 186 280 376 Max 79 74 107 75 74 79 21 Max 292 300 540 340 372 338 376 Mean 61 67.8 79 61.3 65 54.8 21 Mean 245.5155.8 332 285 372 338 376

Figure 188 Figure 189

10000000 2000000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 8000000 1500000 6000000 1000000 4000000 2000000 500000 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 05 06 07 08 09 10 13 Min 2500 2200 7400 8300 5500 9300 1700 Min 200023002500510020001500 200 Max 5E+0 3E+0 4E+0 9E+0 4E+0 2E+0 1700 Max 149043003200 2E+0 2E+0 9000 200 Mean 2E+0 9E+0 2E+0 3E+0 2E+0 6E+0 1700 Mean 712515321346 5E+0 64004862 200

Figure 190 Figure 191

Close examination of figures 186 to 191 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 4.1 mg/l and 20.6 mg/l during year 2010 and 2008 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 10 mg/l during year 2008 and 2005 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 21 mg/l and 107 mg/l during year 2013 and 2007. TDS concentration ranges between 70 mg/l and 540 mg/l during year 2006 and 2007 respectively. TC count ranges between 1700 MPN/100ml and 9000000 MPN/100ml during year 2013 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 200 MPN/100ml and 1790000 MPN/100ml during year 2013and 2008 respectively.

7.14.9 River Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana)

- 76 -

The water Quality of river Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana) is monitored for year 2009- 13 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and Haryana.

Summary of Observation:

Year 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 1 1 2 7

Water Quality of River Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 192-197 ):

30 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 25 8 7 20 6 5 15 4 3 10 2 1 5 0 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 1 1.35 5 7 Min 11 6 4 6 5 Max 1 1.35 5 7 Max 11 26 4 6 5 Mean 1 1.35 5 7 Mean 11 16 4 6 5

Figure 192 Figure 193

COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 100 80 1000 800 60 600 40 400 20 200 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 81 31 21 23 37 Min 820 280 282 374 266 Max 81 82 21 23 37 Max 820 790 282 374 610 Mean 81 56.5 21 23 37 Mean 820 535 282 374 438

Figure 194 Figure 195

8000000 1200000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 1000000 6000000 800000 4000000 600000 400000 2000000 200000 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2013 2009 2010 2011 2013 Min 6100000 52000 460000 49000 Min 7700 7800 93000 33000 Max 6100000 2400000 460000 49000 Max 7700 1100000 93000 33000 Mean 6100000 1226000 460000 49000 Mean 7700 553900 93000 33000

Figure 196 Figure 197

Close examination of figures 192 to 197 shows that:

- 77 -

DO concentration ranges between 1 mg/l and 7 mg/l during year 2010 and 2013 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 4 mg/l and 26 mg/l during year 2011 and 2010. COD concentration ranges between 21 mg/l and 82 mg/l during year 2011 and 2010 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 266 mg/l and 820 mg/l during year 2013 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 49000 MPN/100 ml and 6100000 MPN/110 ml during year 2013 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 7700 MPN/100 ml and 1100000 MPN/110 ml during year 2009 and 2010 respectively.

7.15 River Chambal at Udi (U.P.)

The water Quality of river Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana) is monitored for year 2009- 13 having 25 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of U.P. and M.P.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2013 Total Observations 4 4 4 4 4 4 1 25

Water Quality of River Chambal at Udi (U.P.) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 198-203 ):

5 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 4 12 10 3 8 2 6 4 1 2 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 Min 7.3 7.8 6.7 6.9 8 8.6 Min 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 Max 10.2 11 9.2 9.7 9.7 10.5 Max 4 2 2 3 3 3 2 Mean 8.2 9.15 7.8758.2758.8759.625 Mean 2.75 1.75 1.75 2.25 1.75 2 2

Figure 198 Figure 199

35 COD(mg/l) 800 30 TDS(mg/l) 25 600 20 15 400 10 5 200 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 0 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 2005 2006 2007 2013 Min 7 4 3 9 2 6 13 Min 28 20 20 232 Max 18 10 14 29 23 12 13 Max 140 700 320 232 Mean 12 6.25 8.25 14.7511.75 9 13 Mean 92 197.5 153.3 232

Figure 200 Figure 201

- 78 -

500000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 400000 40000 300000 35000 30000 25000 200000 20000 15000 100000 10000 5000 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5 6 7 8 9 0 3 05 06 07 08 09 10 13 Min 270 400 1500 1500 2100 70 80 Min 37006000350067004500 150 1700 Max 710010000910036000145005800 80 Max 45002E+03E+04E+01E+02E+01700 Mean 2842 3550 3750122757466 3192 80 Mean 224272801E+02E+0723358281700

Figure 202 Figure 203

Close examination of figures 198 to 203 shows that: Concentration of Dissolved Oxygen ranges between 6.7 mg/l and 11.0 mg/l during year 2007 and 2006 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 4.0 mg/l during the year 2005. COD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 29 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 20 mg/l and 700 mg/l in year 2006 and 2007 respectively. TC count ranges 150 MPN/100ml and 400000 MPN/100ml in year 2010 and 2008 respectively. FC count 70 MPN/100ml and 36000MPN/100ml during year 2010 and 2008 respectively.

7.16 Water Quality of Indira Gandhi Canal:

DO(mg/l) 4 BOD(mg/l) 8 3 6 2 4 2 1 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 0 2011 2012 2013 2014 DO 5.6 7.2 6.2 6.4 BOD 3 1 1 3 Figure 204 Figure 205

COD (mg/l) TDS(mg/l) 30 250 27 25 200 20 150 15 12 100 10 7 5 50

0 0 2011 2013 2014 1 2 3 COD 12 7 27 TDS 194 152 166 Figure 206 Figure 207

- 79 -

30000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC(MPN/100 ml) 25000 5000 4000 20000 3000 15000 2000 10000 1000 5000 0 2011 2013 2014 0 2011 2013 2014 FC 4300 2000 680 TC 24000 2000 2600 Figure 208 Figure 209

Close examination of figures 204 to 209 shows that:

BOD concentration is meeting the maximum limit of 3.0 mg/l in year 2010. Minimum and maximum BOD concentration is 1.0 mg/l and 4.0 mg/l respectively. COD concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 22 mg/l during year 2009 and 2011 respectively. Minimum TDS concentration is 146mg/l in year 2013. Maximum TDS concentration is 317 mg/l in year 2011. Minimum count of TC is 2300MPN/100ml in year 2011. Maximum count of TC is 4600000MPN/100ml in year 2009. Minimum count of FC is 400 MPN/100ml in year 2010. Maximum count of FC is 250000 MPN/100ml in year 2009.

7.17 Water Quality of River Vardha at Bangaon Village near Pandhurana Village (M. P.)

Water Quality of River Vardha at Bangaon Village near Pandhurana Village (M. P.) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 12 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of M.P. and Maharashtra.

Summary of observations:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 1 2 1 3 1 2 2 12

Water Quality of Water Quality of River Vardha at Bangaon Village near Pandhurana Village (M. P.) during 2006-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 210-215 ):

7 DO (mg/l) 6 BOD (mg/l) 10 5 8 4 6 3 4 2 2 1 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 6.2 6.2 9.1 6.42 6.8 5.2 5.4 Min 6 2 2.3 1 3.9 1.9 2.36 Max 6.2 7.7 9.1 7.84 6.8 6.8 6.2 Max 6 2.2 2.3 2 3.9 2.7 2.9 Mean 6.2 6.95 9.1 6.93 6.8 6 5.8 Mean 6 2.1 2.3 1.33 3.9 2.3 2.6

Figure 210 Figure 211

- 80 -

COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 35 2500 30 25 2000 20 1500 15 1000 10 5 500 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 2 6 7 9 0 1 2 Min 24 11.5 12 7 29 8 Min 12 28 8 165 206 22 Max 24 11.5 12 13 29 8 Max 12 28 305 165 206 22 Mean 24 11.5 12 9.3 29 8 Mean 12 2007166.3 165 206 22

Figure 212 Figure 213

200 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 150 400 300 100 200 100 50 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 320 110 160 18 68 30 250 Min 70 14 20 3 18 7 110 Max 320 220 160 35 68 49 350 Max 70 18 20 8 18 7 180 Mean 320 165 160 25 68 39.5 300 Mean 70 16 20 5 18 7 145

Figure 214 Figure 215

Close examination of figures 210 to 215 shows that:

Dissolved Oxygen concentration ranges between 5.2 mg/l and 9.1 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l during year 2009 and 2006 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 7.0 mg/l and 29.0 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 8 mg/l and 305 mg/l during the year 2009. TC concentration ranges between 18 mg/l and 350 mg/l during year 2009 and 2012 respectively. FC ranges between 3 mg/l and 180 mg/l during year 2009 and 2012 respectively.

7.18.1 Water quality of River Mahi at Village Bajna, Ratlam (M. P.)

Water quality of River Mahi at Village Bajna, Ratlam (M. P.) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 18 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of M.P. and Rajasthan .

Summary of observations:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 1 2 4 4 3 2 2 18

Water Quality of River Mahi at Village Bajna, Ratlam (M. P.) during 2006-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 216-221):

- 81 -

12 25 BOD (mg/l) 10 DO (mg/l) 20 8 15 6 10 4 2 5 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 4.7 7 5.9 5.08 5.8 5.7 5.8 Min 20 1 1 2 2.2 1.5 2 Max 4.7 8.5 9.03 9.72 7.3 7.11 5.8 Max 20 2.8 2 3 7.6 2.4 5 Mean 4.7 7.75 7.11 6.78 6.33 6.4 5.8 Mean 20 1.9 1.3 2.25 4.1 2 3.5

Figure 216 Figure 217

30 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 25 200 20 150 15 100 10 50 5 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 25 40 95 152 142 27 38 Min 27 10 11 7 6 10 Max 25 40 95 185 164 27 38 Max 27 15 26 17 26.8 10 Mean 25 40 95 171 153 27 38 Mean 27 12.5 18 11.3 13.64 10

Figure 218 Figure 219

500 200 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 400 150 300 100 200 100 50 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 460 140 120 15 62 27 210 Min 110 20 25 2 4 4 110 Max 460 416 145 80 115 65 440 Max 110 22 28 16 32 5 160 Mean 460 278 132.538.66 88.5 46 325 Mean 110 21 26.5 7 18 4.5 135

Figure 220 Figure 221

Close examination of figures 216 to 221 shows that:

DO concentration is meeting to the prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l except in year 2006. DO concentration ranges between 4.7 mg/l and 9.72 mg/l during year 2006 and 2009 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 20.0 mg/l during year 2007/ 2008 and 2006 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 6.0 mg/l and 27.0 mg/l during year 2010 and 2006 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 25 mg/l in year 2006 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 15 MPN/100 ml and 460 MPN/100 ml during year 2009 and 2006 respectively. FC count ranges between 2 MPN/100 ml and 160 MPN/100 ml in year 2009 and 2012 respectively.

- 82 -

7.18.2 Water quality of River Mahi at Bajaj Sagar Dam at Gammon Bridge, Nr. Bansawara (Rajasthan)

Water quality of River Mahi at Bajaj Sagar Dam at Gammon Bridge, Nr. Bansawara (Rajasthan) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 19 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of M.P. and Rajasthan .

Summary of observation:

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 1 3 4 4 3 2 2 19

Water Quality of River Mahi at Bajaj sagar Dam at Gammon Bridge, Nr. Bansawara (Rajasthan) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 222-227 ):

10 DO (mg/l) 8 BOD (mg/l) 6 10 8 4 6 4 2 2 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min Min 4 6.85 5.66 5.72 5.2 5.9 6.6 6 6.8 1 4 2.2 1.7 1.9 Max Max 4 8 7.19 8.65 7.5 7.32 6.6 6 8 3 4 6.4 3 3 Mean Mean 6 7.3 2.1 4 3.7 2.4 2.5 4 7.35 6.28 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.6

Figure 222 Figure 223

35 500 TDS(mg/l) 30 COD (mg/l) 400 25 300 20 200 15 10 100 5 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 32 8 7 12 6 8 Min 5 33 103 110 26 390 198 Max 32 26 7 22 26.5 8 Max 5 33 103 110 26 390 198 Mean 5 33 103 110 26 390 198 Mean 32 18.7 7 16.33 14.16 8

Figure 224 Figure 225

- 83 -

350 150 300 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100ml) 250 100 200 150 100 50 50 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 220 180 170 23 79 60 120 Min 30 17 8 4 7 9 90 Max 220 310 192 58 108 97 320 Max 30 75 72 10 28 12 140 Mean 220 238 182.3 40.3 93.5 78.5 220 Mean 30 50.3 50 6.3 17.5 10.5 115

Figure 226 Figure 227

Close examination of figures 222 to 227 shows that:

Dissolved Oxygen concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 8.65 mg/l during 2006 and 2009 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 8.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2007 respectively. COD concentration is 6.0 mg/l and 32.0 mg/l during year 2010 and 2006. TDS concentration ranges between 5.0 mg/l and 390 mg/l during year 2006 and 2011. TC ranges between 23 mg/l and 320 mg/l during year 2009 and 2012 respectively. FC count ranges between 4 mg/l and 140 mg/l during year 2009 and 2012.

7.19 Water Quality of River Chambal at Fish farm , Gandhisagar Dam, (M.P.)

Water Quality of River Chambal at Fish farm, Gandhisagar Dam, (M.P.) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 19 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of M.P. and Rajasthan .

Year 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 1 3 4 4 3 2 2 19

Water Quality of River Chambal at Fish farm , Gandhisagar Dam, (M.P.) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 228-233 ):

12 30 BOD (mg/l) 10 DO (mg/l) 25 8 20 6 15 4 10 2 5 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 6.69 6.7 6.13 6.5 6.5 6.6 6.8 Min 26 1.2 1 1 1.7 1.5 2 Max 6.69 9.2 8.5 9.82 7.2 9.2 6.8 Max 26 3.1 3 2 4.7 2.5 8 Mean 6.69 7.5 6.7 7.5 6.8 7.9 6.8 Mean 26 2.4 1.75 1.75 2.9 2 5

Figure 228 Figure 229

- 84 -

500 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 400 40 300 30 20 200 10 100 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 37 8 7 8 7 24.39 Min 101 17 80 2 122 441 249 Max 37 8 7 17 26.5 24.39 Max 101 17 80 139 128 441 249 Mean 37 8 7 12.3 16.75 24.4 Mean 101 17 80 90 125 441 249

Figure 230 Figure 231

400 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 300 400 200 300 200 100 100 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 90 18 25 3 7 4 60 Min 360 220 215 19 90 42 150 Max 360 24 35 32 29 9 80 Max 360 368 380 110 145 100 180 Mean 360 22 29.3 14.3 18 6.5 70 Mean 360 318 275 53 117 71 165

Figure 232 Figure 233

Close examination of figures 228 to 233 shows that:

Dissolved Oxygen ranges between 6.13 mg/l and 9.82 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 26.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges 7.0 mg/l and 37.0 mg/l during year 2008/2010 and year 2006 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 2.0 mg/l and 441.0 mg/l during year 2009 and 2011 respectively. TC ranges between 19 mg/l and 380 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 3.0 MPN/100 and 360MPN/100 ml during year 2009 and year 2006 respectively.

7. 20 Water Quality of River Krishna at Kurundwad, Kolhapur (Maharashtra)

Water Quality of River Krishna at Kurundwad, Kolhapur (Maharashtra) is monitored for year 2005-11 having 10 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh.

Summary of Observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Observations 1 2 1 2 1 1 2 10

Water Quality of River Krishna at Kurundwad, Kolhapur (Maharashtra) during 2005-2011 is depicted in graphs (from figures 234-239 ):

- 85 -

14 5 12 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 4 10 8 3 6 2 4 2 1 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Min 11.5 5.4 9.3 5.8 7.5 6 8.6 Min 1.3 0.6 1.6 1.2 2.7 1.1 1.3 Max 11.5 6.5 9.3 11 7.5 6 8.6 Max 1.3 1 1.6 4.6 2.7 1.1 1.3 Mean 11.5 5.95 9.3 8.4 7.5 6 8.6 Mean 1.3 0.8 1.6 2.9 2.7 1.1 1.3

Figure 234 Figure 235

40 30 COD (mg/l) 25 TDS (mg/l) 30 20 20 15 10 10 5 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Min 22 14 18 8.8 36 9.4 2.7 Min 8 4 6.8 4.2 28 21 22 Max 22 15 18 15 36 9.4 2.7 Max 8 12 6.8 5.8 28 21 22 Mean 22 14.5 18 11.9 36 9.4 2.7 Mean 8 8 6.8 5 28 21 22

Figure 236 Figure 237

6000 3000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 5000 TC (MPN/100ml) 2500 4000 2000 3000 1500 2000 1000 1000 500 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 Min 1700 5000 5000 Min 800 2200 2800 Max 3000 5000 5000 Max 1300 2400 2800

Mean 2350 5000 5000 Mean 1050 2300 2800

Figure 238 Figure 239

Close examination of figures 214 to 219 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 5.4 mg/l and 11.5 mg/l during year 2006 and 2005 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.6 mg/l and 4.6 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 2.7 mg/l and 36.0 mg/l during year 2011 and 2009. TDS concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 28.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2009. TC concentration ranges between 1700 MPN/100 ml and 5000 MPN/100 ml during year 2006 and 2007/2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 800 MPN/100 ml and 2800 MPN/100 ml in year 2006 and 2008 respectively.

7.21 Water Quality of River Bhima at Takli, Solapur (Maharashtra)

- 86 -

Water Quality of River Bhima at Takli, Solapur (Maharashtra) is monitored for year 2005-11 having 09 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and Karnataka .

Summary of Observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Observations 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 9

Water Quality of River Bhima at Takli, Solapur (Maharashtra) during 2005-2011 is depicted in graphs (from figures 240-245):

12 6 10 DO (mg/l) 5 BOD (mg/l) 8 4 6 3 4 2 2 1 0 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 1 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 Min 8.4 6.8 8.8 10.4 7.5 7.1 Min 2 1 3 2.1 2.7 2 3.4 Max 8.4 6.8 8.8 11.2 7.5 7.1 Max 2 1.4 3 5.7 2.7 2 3.4 Mean 8.4 6.8 8.8 10.8 7.5 7.1 Mean 2 1.2 3 3.9 2.7 2 3.4

Figure 240 Figure 241

40 40 35 COD (mg/l) 35 TDS (mg/l) 30 30 25 25 20 20 15 10 15 5 10 0 5 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 0 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 32 18 19 8.2 36 22 31.2 Min 15 12.3 36 22 26 Max 32 32 19 25 36 22 31.2 Max 30 12.3 36 22 26 Mean 32 25 19 16.6 36 22 31.2 Mean 22.5 12.3 36 22 26

Figure 242 Figure 243

800 600 FC (MPN/100 ml) 700 TC (MPN/100 ml) 500 600 500 400 400 300 300 200 200 100 100 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 Min 90 110 700 Min 70 40 500 Max 500 110 700 Max 170 40 500 Mean 295 110 700 Mean 120 40 500

Figure 244 Figure 245

- 87 -

Close examination of figures 240 to 245 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.8 mg/l and 11.2 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 5.7 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 8.2 mg/l and 36.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 12.3 mg/l and 36.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. TC concentration ranges between 90 MPN/100 ml and 700 MPN/100 ml during year 2006 and 2008 respectively. FC concentration ranges between 40 MPN/100 ml and 500 MPN/100 ml during year 2007 and 2008.

7.22 Water Quality of River Mahi at Kadana Dam (Gujarat)

Water Quality of River Mahi at Kadana Dam (Gujarat) is monitored for year 2005-12 having 08 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Gujarat and Rajasthan.

Summary of Observations:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2012 Total Observations 1 3 1 2 1 8

Water Quality of River Mahi at Kadana Dam (Gujarat) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 246-251):

10 3.5 DO (mg/l) 3 BOD (mg/l) 8 2.5 6 2 4 1.5 1 2 0.5 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2012 2005 2006 2007 2008 2012 Min 4.5 4.7 8.7 4.6 5.9 Min 0.7 1 1.1 2.2 0.93 Max 4.5 9.3 8.7 6.2 5.9 Max 0.7 1.4 1.1 3 0.93 Mean 4.5 6.4 8.7 5.4 5.9 Mean 0.7 1.16 1.1 2.6 0.93

Figure 246 Figure 247

40 250 COD (mg/l ) 200 TDS (mg/l) 30 150 20 100 10 50 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2012 2005 2006 2007 2008 2012 Min 18 12 14 13 6.7 Min 54 1.2 9 9 192 Max 18 31 14 13 6.7 Max 54 5.7 9 9 192 Mean 54 3.9 9 9 192 Mean 18 18.66 14 13 6.7

Figure 248 Figure 249

- 88 -

TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 100000 100000 80000 80000 60000 60000 40000 40000 20000 20000 0 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2005 2006 2007 2008 Min 3000 40 220 40 Min 1400 40 110 20 Max 3000 90000 220 1700 Max 1400 90000 110 1100 Mean 3000 30280 220 870 Mean 1400 30280 110 560

Figure 250 Figure 251

Close examination of figures 246 to 251 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 4.5 mg/l and 9.3 mg/l during year 2005 and 2006 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.7 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2005 and 2008 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 12 mg/l and 31 mg/l during the year 2006. TDS concentration ranges between 9 mg/l and 192 mg/ during year 2007/2008 and 2012. TC concentration ranges between 40 MPN/100 ml and 90000 MPN/100 ml during the year 2006. FC concentration ranges between 20 MPN/100 ml and 90000 MPN/100 ml in the year 2006.

7.23 River Tapi at Nizhar (Gujarat)

Water Quality of River Tapi at Nizhar (Gujarat) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 05 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Year 2006 2008 2012 Total Observations 2 2 1 5

Water Quality of River Tapi at Nizhar (Gujarat) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 252-255 ):

10 6 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 5 4 6 3 4 2 2 1 0 0 2006 2008 2012 2006 2008 2012 Min 7.1 8 5.6 Min 1 2.7 2.41 Max 7.2 8.1 5.6 Max 1.5 5.5 2.41 Mean 7.2 8.1 5.6 Mean 1.3 4.1 2.41

Figure 252 Figure 253

- 89 -

40 250 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 30 200 150 20 100 10 50 0 0 2006 2008 2012 2006 2008 2012 Min 19 11 30.3 Min 41 9.4 7.4 Max 24 17 30.3 Max 191 9.4 7.4 Mean 21.5 14 30.3 Mean 116 9.4 7.4

Figure 254 Figure 255

Close examination of figures 252 to 255 shows that:

Dissolved Oxygen ranges between 5.6 mg/l and 8.1 during year 2012 and 2008 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 5.5 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 11 mg/l and 30.3 mg/l during year 2008 and year 2012 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 7.4 mg/l and 191 mg/l during year 2012 and 2006 respectively.

7.24 River Tapi at Prakasha (Maharashtra)

Water Quality of River Tapi at Prakasha (Maharashtra) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 05 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and Gujarat.

Year 2006 2008 2011 2012 Total Observations 2 1 1 1 5

Water Quality of River Tapi at Prakasha (Maharashtra) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 256-260 ):

12 10 DO (mg/l) 10 8 BOD (mg/l) 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 2006 2008 2011 2012 2006 2007 2008 2011 2012 Min 8 8.8 9.7 9 Min 0.5 0 3.3 6.3 5.71 Max 8.5 8.8 9.7 9 Max 8.3 0 3.3 6.3 5.71 Mean 8.3 8.8 9.7 9 Mean 4.4 0 3.3 6.3 5.71

Figure 256 Figure 257

- 90 -

140 80 COD (mg/l) 120 TDS (mg/l) 60 100 80 40 60 20 40 20 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2011 2012 2006 2007 2011 2012 Min 18 0 13.3 31 6.36 Min 53 0 7.5 13.5 Max 69 0 13.3 31 6.36 Max 123 0 7.5 13.5 Mean 43.5 0 13.3 31 6.36 Mean 88 0 7.5 13.5

Figure 258 Figure 259

10000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2006 2007 2008 Min 2300 0 9000 Max 9000 0 9000 Mean 5650 0 9000 Figure 260

Close examination of figures 256 to 260 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between is 8.0 mg/l and 9.7 mg/l during 2006 and 2011 respectively. to the maximum prescribed limit of 3.0 mg/l. Concentration of BOD ranges between 0.5 mg/l and 8.3 mg/l during 2007 and 2012 respectively. COD Concentration ranges between 18 mg/l and 69 mg/l. TDS ranges between 7.5mg/l and 123 mg/l. TC count ranges between 2300 MPN/100 ml and 9000MPN/100 ml.

7.25 River Tapi at Ajnad Shahjani (Maharashtra):

Water Quality of River Tapi at Ajnad Shahjani (Maharashtra) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 06 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Gujarat and Maharashtra.

Year 2006 2007 2008 2011 2012 Total Observations 2 1 1 1 1 6

Water Quality of River Tapi at Ajnad (Maharashtra) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 261-264 ):

- 91 -

DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 20 15 15 10 10 5 5 0 0 2006 2008 2011 2012 2006 2008 2011 2012 Min 7.1 8.2 13 11 Min 0.7 2.4 12.6 3.4 Max 14.5 8.2 13 11 Max 3 2.4 12.6 3.4 Mean 10.8 8.2 13 11 Mean 1.9 2.4 12.6 3.4

Figure 261 Figure 262

40 30 COD (mg/l) 25 TDS (mg/l) 30 20 20 15 10 10 5 0 0 2006 2007 2011 2012 2006 2011 2012 Min 14 14.1 35 16 Min 9.2 25 20 Max 31 14.1 35 16 Max 26 25 20 Mean 22.5 14.1 35 16 Mean 17.6 25 20

Figure 263 Figure 264

Close examination of figures 261 to 264 shows that:

DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l. DO concentration ranges between 7.1 mg/l and14.5 mg/l in the same year i.e. 2006. BOD concentration ranges between 0.7 mg/l and 12.6 mg/l during year 2006 & 2011 respectively. COD ranges between 14 mg/l and 35 mg/l during year 2006 & 2011 respectively. TDS ranges between 9.2 mg/l and 26 mg/l in year 2006.

7.26 River Narmada at Navagam (Gujarat)

Water Quality of River Narmada at Navagam (Gujarat) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 08 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Gujarat and M.P.

Summary of Observation

Year 2006 2007 2008 2011 2012 Total Observations 3 1 2 1 1 8

Water Quality of River Narmada at Navagam (Gujarat) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 265-268 ):

- 92 -

4 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 3 12 10 8 2 6 4 1 2 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2011 2012 2006 2007 2008 2011 2012 Min 6.6 9 4.8 9.84 7.6 Min 0.8 1 1.4 3.35 3.5 Max 7.7 9 6.8 9.84 7.6 Max 1.5 1 2.2 3.35 3.5 Mean 7.3 9 5.8 9.84 7.6 Mean 1.3 1 1.8 3.35 3.5

Figure 265 Figure 266

25 70 COD (mg/l) 60 TDS (mg/l) 20 50 15 40 10 30 20 5 10 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2011 2012 2006 2008 2012 Min 1.8 11 9.4 15.6 21 Min 7.2 6 55 Max 17 11 21 15.6 21 Max 61 6 55 Mean 34.1 6 55 Mean 9.9 11 15.2 15.6 21

Figure 267 Figure 268

Close examination of figures 265 to 268 shows that during: DO concentration ranges between 4.8 mg/l and 9.84 mg/l during year 2008 and 2011 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.8 mg/l and 3.5 mg/l during year 2006 and 2011 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 1.8 mg/l and 21 mg/l during year 2006 and 2008 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 6.0 mg/l and 61.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2006 respectively.

7.27 River Wainganga at Bapera, Bhandara (Maharashtra)

Water Quality of River Wainganga at Bapera, Bhandara (Maharashtra) is monitored for year 2006-12 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and M.P.

Year 2006 2007 2008 2012 Total Observations 2 2 2 1 7

Water Quality of River Wainganga at Bapera, Bhandara (Maharashtra) during 2006-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 269-274 ):

- 93 -

10 2 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 1.5 6 1 4 2 0.5 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2012 2006 2007 2008 2012 Min 6.1 5.8 7.2 6.4 Min 0.3 1 1.1 0.92 Max 6.7 8.2 7.7 6.4 Max 1 1.7 1.3 0.92 Mean 6.4 7 7.5 6.4 Mean 0.7 1.4 1.2 0.92

Figure 269 Figure 270

40 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 30 100 80 20 60 40 10 20 0 0 2006 2007 2008 2012 2006 2007 2008 2012 Min 15 26 13 84 Min 11 8.5 8 34 Max 15 26 13 84 Max 16 15 24 34 Mean 15 26 13 84 Mean 13.5 11.8 16 34

Figure 271 Figure 272

6000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100ml) 5000 10000 4000 8000 6000 3000 4000 2000 2000 1000 0 2006 2007 2008 0 2006 2007 2008 Min 220 170 1700 Min 140 130 1300 Max 3000 2200 9000 Max 2400 1700 5000 Mean 1610 1185 5350 Mean 1270 915 3150

Figure 273 Figure 274

Close examination of figures 269 to 274 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 5.8 mg/l and 8.2 mg/l during 2008 and 2007 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 1.7mg/l during the year 2007. COD concentration ranges between 8.0 mg/l and 34 mg/l. TDS concentration ranges between 13 mg/l in year 2008 and 84 mg/l in year 2012. TC count ranges between 170 MPN/100ml and 9000 MPN/100ml during year 2007 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 130 MPN/100ml and 5000 MPN/100ml during in year 2007 and 2008 respectively.

7.28 Water Quality of River Damanganga at Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP discharge - 94 -

Water Quality of River Damanganga at Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP discharge is monitored for year 2006-12 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and M.P.

Summary of observations:

Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2103 Total Observation 3 2 2 2 4 4 1 18

Water Quality of River Damanganga at Jerry Causeway D/S of CETP discharge during 2007- 2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 275-278):

10 35 DO (mg/l) 30 BOD (mg/l) 8 25 6 20 4 15 10 2 5 0 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 1.5 5.6 7.2 0.3 0.94 3.8 Min 2.3 5 3.2 17 3.3 24 Max 6.4 6.4 8.3 4.3 7.18 3.8 Max 15 5 3.5 29 13 24 Mean 3.3 6 7.8 2.3 3.9 3.8 Mean 7.8 5 3.4 23 7.3 24

Figure 275 Figure 276

300 35000 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 250 30000 25000 200 20000 150 15000 100 10000 50 5000 0 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 37 26 34 101 36 270 Min 446 29325 192 18105 Max 224 38 216 150 154 270 Max 25674 31262 27387 18105 Mean 130.5 32 125 125.5 99.5 270 Mean 13060 30293 11359 18105

Figure 277 Figure 278

Close examination of figure 275 to 278 shows that: DO concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 8.47 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.41 mg/l and 29 mg/l in year 2012. in year 2010. Minimum COD concentration was observed 26 mg/l in year 2008 whereas maximum COD concentration was observed 270 mg/l in year 2012. Minimum TDS concentration was observed 192 mg/l in year 2011 whereas Maximum TDS concentration was observed31262 mg/l in year 2010.

7.29 River Damanganga at U/S of CETP discharge GIDC Weir

Water Quality of River Damanganga at U/S of CETP discharge GIDC Weir is monitored for year 2006-12 having 07 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Maharashtra and M.P.

- 95 -

Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observation 3 2 2 2 4 4 1 18

Water Quality of River Damanganga at U/S of CETP discharge GIDC Weir during 2007-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 279-282 ):

10 5 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 4

6 3

4 2

2 1

0 0 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 7.1 6.1 7.2 7.1 7.3 8.4 Min 0.7 1.2 0.8 1.4 0.85 2.3 Max 7.4 7.1 8.3 9.1 9 8.4 Max 2.3 2 1.1 2 4.2 2.3 Mean 7.3 6.6 7.8 8.1 8 8.4 Mean 1.5 1.6 1 1.7 3 2.3

Figure 279 Figure 280

250 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 200 35 30 25 150 20 15 100 10 5 0 50 200 200 200 201 201 201 7 8 9 0 1 2 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 8.6 10 18 15 9 8 Min 156 176 121 187 Max 32 11 23 27 15 8 Max 236 198 180 187 Mean 17.9 10.5 20.5 21 12 8 Mean 196 187 145 187

Figure 281 Figure 282

Close examination of figures 279 to 282 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.1 mg/l and 9.1 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.7 mg/l and 4.2 mg/l during 2007 and 2011 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 4.3 mg/l and 32 mg/l between during 2007 and 2010 respectively. TDS concentration was observed 156 mg/l and 242 mg/l during 2011 and 2009 respectively.

7.30 River Indravati at Nowrangpur (Orissa)

Water Quality of River Indravati at Nowrangpur (Orissa) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 14 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Orissa and Chhattisgarh.

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 14

- 96 -

Water Quality of River Indravati at Nowrangpur (Orissa) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 283-288):

10 3.5 DO (mg/l) 3 BOD (mg/l) 8 2.5 6 2 4 1.5 1 2 0.5 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 6.8 8 7.2 7 7.2 6.6 7.4 6.1 7.6 Min 1.1 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 Max 7 8 7.2 7 7.7 6.6 7.4 7.8 7.6 Max 1.1 3 2 2 2 3.1 2 2 2 Mean 6.9 8 7.2 7 7.5 6.6 7.4 7.1 7.6 Mean 1.1 3 2 2 2 2.6 2 2 2

Figure 283 Figure 284

25 60 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 20 50 40 15 30 10 20 5 10 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 Min 23 2 3.2 16 Min 52 28 11 Max 23 2 3.2 16 Max 52 28 11 Mean 23 2 3.2 16 Mean 52 28 11

Figure 285 Figure 286

30000 8000 7000 FC (MPN/100ml) 25000 TC (MPN/100ml) 6000 20000 5000 15000 4000 3000 10000 2000 5000 1000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 4500860032008000600 80042007070408 Min 63 190800290200200100816141 Max 1120860032008000270080042001326408 Max 200190800290690200100400141 Mean7850860032008000117080042001091408 Mean 132190800290303200100238141

Figure 286 Figure 288

- 97 -

Close examination of figures 283 to 288 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.1 mg/l and 8.0mg/l during year 2012 and 2006 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between ranges between 1.1 mg/l and 3.1 mg/l during 2005 and 2010 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 2mg/l and 23 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively. TDS ranges between 11 mg/l and 52mg/l during year 2011 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 408 MPN/100 ml and 27000 MPN/100 ml during year 2013 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 63 MPN/100 ml and 6900 MPN/100 ml during year 2005 and 2009 respectively.

7.31 Water Quality of River Mahanadi at Hirakund (Orissa)

Water Quality of Water Quality of River Mahanadi at Hirakund (Orissa) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 14 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Orissa and Chhattisgarh .

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 1 1 1 3 1 1 3 1 14

Water Quality of River Mahanadi at Hirakund (Orissa) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 289-294):

3.5 DO (mg/l) 3 BOD (mg/l) 10 2.5 8 2 6 1.5 4 1 2 0.5 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 7.2 7.3 7.4 7 7 7.7 7.3 6.4 7.7 Min 0 0 1 3 2 2 0 2 Max 7.2 7.3 7.4 7 7.6 7.7 7.3 8.3 7.7 Max 0 0 1 3 3 2 0 2 Mean 7.2 7.3 7.4 7 7.3 7.7 7.3 7.4 7.7 Mean 0 0 1 3 2.3 2 0 2

Figure 289 Figure 290

20 35 COD (mg/l) 30 TDS (mg/l) 15 25 20 10 15 5 10 5 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Min 15 7 6.8 Min 30 15 11 Max 15 7 6.8 Max 30 15 11 Mean 15 7 6.8 Mean 30 15 11

Figure 291 Figure 292

- 98 -

120000 30000 TC (MPN/100ml) 100000 25000 FC (MPN/100ml) 80000 20000 60000 15000 40000 10000 20000 5000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 560976370540170190390816306 Min 100 180 900 110 500 600 120 204 282 Max 101976370540177190390132306 Max 100 180 900 110 400 600 120 430 282 Mean 785976370540880190390736306 Mean 100 180 900 110 190 600 120 207 282

Figure 293 Figure 294

Close examination of figures 289 to 294 shows that:

DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l in each observation. Concentration of DO ranges between 6.4 mg/l and 7.7 mg/l during year 2012 and 2010 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2005 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 6.8 mg/l and 15 mg/l during 2011 and 2009 respectively. TDS ranges between 11 mg/l and 30mg/l during year 2011 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 816 MPN/100ml and 97600 MPN/100 ml during year 2012 and 2006 respectively. FC count ranges between 100 MPN/100 ml and 28280 MPN/100 ml during year 2005 and 2013 respectively.

7.32 River Churni at Bijoypur (West Bengal)

Water Quality of Water Quality of River Churni at Bijoypur (West Bengal) is monitored for year 2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Bangladesh .

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 1 2 2 1 3 1 3 3 1 17

Water Quality of River Churni at Bijoypur (West Bengal) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 295-300 ):

7 6 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 5 35 30 4 25 3 20 15 2 10 1 5 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 Min 3 2 4 3 5 15 4.6 10 7.5 Min 3.2 1 1 5.8 1 0.9 0 0.3 Max 3 12 7 3 9 15 16 31 7.5 Max 3.2 3.2 3.2 5.8 4.2 0.9 2.3 1.8 Mean 3 7 5.5 3 7 15 10.5 21 7.5 Mean 3.2 2.1 2.1 5.8 3.1 0.9 0.9 0.9

Figure 295 Figure 296

- 99 -

140 300 120 COD (mg/l) 250 TDS(mg/l) 100 200 80 150 60 100 40 20 50 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2012 2009 2010 2011 Min 8 53 78 121 Min 239 31 102 Max 8 53 78 121 Max 239 31 102 Mean 8 53 78 121 Mean 239 31 102

Figure 297 Figure 298

TC (MPN/100ml) FC(MPN/100ml) 160000 35000 140000 30000 120000 25000 100000 80000 20000 60000 15000 40000 10000 20000 5000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 410 1E+ 380114587 1E+ 750122166 Min 150960100240420270120204164 Max 410 1E+ 960114587 1E+ 123927166 Max 150960236240420270430306164 Mean 410 1E+ 499114587 1E+ 990369166 Mean 150960123240420270275106164

Figure 299 Figure 300

Close examination of figures 283 to 288 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 5.8 during year 2011 and year 2010 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 31.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2012 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 8 mg/l and 121 in year 2009. TDS concentration ranges between 31 mg/l and 239 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 1224 MPN/100 ml and 146000 MPN/100 ml during the year 2012. FC count ranges between 204 MPN/100 ml and 30600 MPN/100 ml during the year 2012.

7.33Water Quality of River Damodar

Water Quality of River Damodar is monitored at two locations: (i) Sindri (Jharkhand) and Dishergarh (West Bengal) at interstate boundaries of West Bengal and Jharkhand.

7.33.1 River Damodar at Sindri (Jharkhand)

Water Quality of River Damodar at Sindri (Jharkhand) is monitored at is monitored for 2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Jharkhand.

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 1 17

- 100 -

Water Quality of River River Damodar at Sindri (Jharkhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 301-304 ):

DO(mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 3.5 3 8 2.5 6 2 4 1.5 1 2 0.5 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 Min 7 8 6.9 7.6 7.1 7 7 4.9 8.9 Min 3 3 1 2 2 0 2 2 Max 8.2 8 8 7.6 7.5 7 8.8 8.5 8.9 Max 3 3 3 2 2 0 3 2 Mean 7.6 8 7.4 7.6 7.3 7 7.9 7.1 8.9 Mean 3 3 2 2 2 0 2.5 2

Figure 301 Figure 302

160000 140000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100ml) 120000 100000 60000 50000 80000 40000 60000 30000 40000 20000 20000 10000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 208 1E+ 290 500 310 355 470 510 173 Min 800405230150130117120600111 Max 612 1E+ 800 500 1E+ 355 298 265 173 Max 120405520150128117170171111 Mean 410 1E+ 545 500 686 355 147 132 173 Mean 100405316150676117150101111

Figure 303 Figure 304

Close examination of figures 301 to 304 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 4.9 mg/l and 8.9 mg/l during year 2012 and 2013 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l. TC count ranges between 1734 MPN/100 ml and 61200 MPN/100 ml during year 2013 and 2005 respectively. FC count ranges between 600 MPN/100 ml and 52000 MPN/100 ml during year 2012and 2007 respectively.

7.33.2 Water Quality of River Damodar at Dishergarh (West Bengal)

Water Quality of River Damodar at at Dishergarh (West Bengal) is monitored for 2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Jharkhand.

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 1 17

Water Quality of River Damodar at Dishergarh (West Bengal) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 305-309):

- 101 -

10 3.5 9 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 3 7 2.5 6 5 2 4 1.5 3 1 2 1 0.5 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 3 Min 6.5 7.2 7.1 8.2 7.2 7.4 7.2 6.1 8.5 Min 3 2 1 3 1 0 2 2 Max 8 7.2 7.5 8.2 7.3 7.4 8.1 9.3 8.5 Max 3 2 2 3 2 0 2.6 2 Mean 7.3 7.2 7.3 8.2 7.2 7.47.747.7 8.5 Mean 3 2 1.7 3 1.7 0 2.3 2

Figure 305 Figure 306

30 500000 25 COD (mg/l) 400000 TC (MPN/100ml) 20 300000 15 200000 10 100000 5 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2009 2010 2011 2012 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 28 6 12 8 Min 11802E+0200580069002460720011225100 Max 28 6 12 8 Max 30602E+02E+058004E+04510461032105100 Mean 28 6 12 8 Mean 21202E+0685358002E+03826316319205100

Figure 307 Figure 308

FC (MPN/100ml) 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Min 700 83600 300 2500 10100 11300 2800 3060 2222 Max 4000 83600 83600 2500 54100 14400 7100 8080 2222 Mean 2350 83600 29333 2500 30366 13367 4533.3 5013.3 2222 Figure 309

Close examination of figures 305 to 309 shows that:

DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l in each observation. DO concentration ranges between is 6.1 mg/l and 9.3 mg/l during year 2012 BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2010 and 2008 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 6 mg/l and 28 mg/l between year 2010 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 200 MPN/100ml and 448000 MPN/100ml during year 2007 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 300 MPN/100ml and 83600 MPN/100ml during year 2007 and year 2006/ 2007 respectively.

7.34 Water Quality of River Subarnarekha

7.34.1 River Subarnarekha at Behragora (Jharkhand)

- 102 -

Water Quality of River Subarnarekha at Behragora (Jharkhand) is monitored for 2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the international boundary of Jharkhand and Odisha.

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 1 17

Water Quality of River Subarnarekha at Behragora (Jharkhand) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 310-316 ):

4 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 3 12 10 8 2 6 4 2 1 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 0 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2012 Min 6.8 8.2 7.3 7.2 7 7 7.1 7.1 7.8 Min 1 0 1 3 2 3 3 Max 8.5 8.2 7.3 7.2 7.8 7.8 9.7 9.1 7.8 Max 1 0 2 3 3 3 3 Mean 7.7 8.2 7.3 7.2 7.3 7.4 8.5 8 7.8 Mean 1 0 1.5 3 2.5 3 3

Figure 310 Figure 311

15 50 COD (mg/l) 40 TDS (mg/l) 10 30 5 20 10 0 0 2009 2010 2011 2009 2010 2011 Min 0 13 10 Min 47 15 7 Max 0 13 10 Max 47 15 7 Mean 0 13 10 Mean 47 15 7

Figure 312 Figure 313

TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100ml) 250000 120000 100000 200000 80000 150000 60000 40000 100000 20000 50000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 120590190540200190670173797 Min 200120200600500800140714808 Max 2345901885402E+950538100797 Max 4001202446001E+730112280808 Mean 177590103540760696238635797 Mean 210120123600391513530144808

Figure 314 Figure 315

Close examination of figures 310 to 316 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.8 mg/l and 9.7 mg/l during year 2005 and 2011. BOD concentration ranges between 0.0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2012. COD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 13.0 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010. Concentration of TDS ranges between 7 MPN/100 ml and 47 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2009. TC count ranges between - 103 -

1734 MPN/100 ml and 197000 MPN/100 ml during year 2012 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 200 MPN/100 ml and 109000 MPN/100 ml during year 2005 and 2009 respectively.

7.34.2 River Subarnarekha at Gopiballavpur (West Bengal)

Water Quality of River at Gopiballavpur (West Bengal) is monitored for 2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Odisha.

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 1 17

Water Quality of River Subarnarekha at Gopiballavpur (West Bengal) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 317-321 ):

10 DO (mg/l) 4 BOD (mg/l) 8 3 6 4 2 2 1 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 Min 6.4 8 7.5 7.1 7.15 7.2 6.8 6.4 8 Min 0 2 2 3 2 0 3 Max 8.5 8 7.8 7.1 7.7 7.85 8.2 8.7 8 Max 0 2 2 3 2 0 3 Mean 7.5 8 7.7 7.1 7.4 7.5 7.7 7.7 8 Mean 0 2 2 3 2 0 3

Figure 317 Figure 318

10 80000 COD (mg/l) TC (MPN/100ml) 8 60000 6 40000 4 2 20000 0 0 2005 2009 2010 2011 2012 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 Min 0 2 9 4 9 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Min 1280011700 1200 7400 13000 2100 6100 306 505 Max 0 2 9 4 9 Max 1320011700 2300 7400 62400138005140017340 505 Mean Mean 1300011700 1750 7400 36633 9900 22000 9382 505 0 2 9 4 9

Figure 319 Figure 320

40000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 30000 20000 10000 0 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 201 5 6 7 8 9 0 1 2 3 Min 2400 1300 400 900 7100 1000 1600 1111 202 Max 3200 1300 2000 900 304003200 9600 3468 202 Mean 2800 1300 1200 900 151662467 4700 2593 202 Figure 321

Close examination of figures 317 to 321 shows that:

- 104 -

DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l in each observation. DO concentration ranges between 6.4 mg/l and 8.7 mg/l during 2005 and 2012 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 3.0 mg/l during 2005 and 2012 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 9.0 mg/l during year 2005 and 2012 respectively. TC count ranges between 306 MPN/100 ml and 62400 MPN/100 ml during year 2012 and 2009 respectively. FC count ranges between 202 MPN/100 ml and 30400 MPN/100 ml during year 2013 and 2009 respectively.

7.34.3 River Subarnarekha at Loknath (Odisha)

Water Quality of River at Subarnarekha at Loknath (Odisha) is monitored for 2005-13 having 17 Number of observations at the boundary of West Bengal and Odisha.

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 Total Observations 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 1 17

Water Quality of River Subarnarekha at Loknath (Odissa) during 2005-2013 is depicted in graphs (from figures 322-326):

15 3 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 2 5 1 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 200 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 0 2 3 Min 6.8 7.2 7.5 7.2 7.2 7.1 8 6.1 8.5 Min 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 2.6 Max 8.2 7.2 8 7.2 7.6 8.9 9.7 9.2 8.5 Max 2 0 2 2 2 2 2 2.6 Mean 7.5 7.2 7.8 7.2 7.4 7.7 8.9 7.7 8.5 Mean 2 0 2 2 1.3 2 2 2.6

Figure 322 Figure 323

15 100000 COD (mg/l) 80000 TC (MPN/100ml) 10 60000 40000 5 20000 0 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 2009 2010 2011 2012 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 12 8 3 5 Min 780 143 220 853 379 170 570 510 454 Max 12 8 3 5 Max 477 143 450 853 443 189 112 780 454 Mean 12 8 3 5 Mean 277 143 335 853 411 131 845 314 454

Figure 324 Figure 325

- 105 -

8000 FC (MPN/100ml) 6000 4000 2000 0 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 Min 350300300600330110500204202 Max 350300400600330320330900202

Mean 350300350600330250190470202 Figure 326

Close examination of figures 322 to 326 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.1mg/l and 9.7 mg/l during 2012 and 2011 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 2.6 mg/l during year 2006/2009 and 2013 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 3 mg/l and 12 mg/l during year 2011 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 510 MPN/100ml and 85300 MPN/100 ml during year 2012 and 2008 respectively. FC count ranges between 202 MPN/100ml and 6000 MPN/100 ml during year 2013 and 2008 respectively.

7.35 Water Quality of River Cauvery

River Cauvery at Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur (Karnataka)

Water Quality of River Cauvery at Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur (Karnataka) is monitored for 2005- 11 having 08 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Karnataka and Tamilnadu.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Observations 3 2 1 1 1 8

Water Quality of River Cauvery at Satyagala Bridge, Narsipur (Karnataka) during 2005-2011 is depicted in graphs (from figures 327-329 ):

10 6 BOD (mg/l) 8 DO (mg/l) 5 4 6 3 4 2 2 1 0 0 2005 2008 2010 2011 2005 2008 2009 Min 7.3 6 6.5 6.2 Min 0.3 1 5 Max 7.5 8.6 6.5 6.2 Max 1.6 2 5 Mean 7.4 6.3 6.5 6.2 Mean 0.9 1.3 5

Figure 327 Figure 328

- 106 -

80 COD (mg/l) 60 40 20 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 3.04 8.5 61 16 16 Max 12 30 61 16 16

Mean 8.9 15.7 61 16 16 Figure 329

Close examination of figure 327 to 329 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.2 mg/l and 8.6 mg/l during year 2011 and 2008 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 5 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively. COD ranges between 3.04 mg/l and 61.0 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009.

7.36 Water Quality of River Thenpennai (South Pennar) at Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka)

Water Quality of River Thenpennai (South Pennar) at Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka) is monitored for 2005-11 having 11 Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Karnataka and Tamilnadu.

Summary of Observations:

Year 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Observations 3 2 2 3 1 11

Water Quality of River Thenpennai (South Pennar) at Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka) during 2005-2011 is depicted in graphs (from figures 330-332 ):

8 40 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 6 30

4 20

2 10

0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 1 2.1 1.8 2.1 5.6 Min 9.6 5.2 2 2 19 Max 3 2.8 1.8 6 5.6 Max 33 19 13 15 19 Mean 1.7 2.5 1.8 3.7 5.6 Mean 20.2 12.1 7.5 6.3 19

Figure 330 Figure 331

- 107 -

150 COD (mg/l) 100

0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 24.3 32.3 30 30 79 Max 93 63 104 47 79

Mean 66.2 47.7 67 39 79

Figure 332

Close examination of figures 330 to 332 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 1.0 & 6.0 mg/l during year 2005 & 2010. BOD concentration ranges between 2 mg/l and 33 mg/l during 2009 & 2005 respectively. COD concentration 24.3 mg/l and 104 mg/l during 2005 & 2009 respectively.

7.37 Water Quality of River Krishna at Deodurg (Karnataka)

Water Quality of River Krishna at Deodurg (Karnataka) is monitored for 2005-11 having 08Number of observations at the interstate boundary of Karnataka and Tamilnadu.

Summary of Observations:

Year 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Observations 3 2 1 1 1 8

Water Quality of River Krishna at Deodurg (Karnataka) during 2005-2011 is depicted in graphs (from figures 332-335 ):

10 2 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 1.5 6 1 4 2 0.5 0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2005 2008 2009 Min 7 7.5 7.9 5.5 7.8 Min 0.2 0 1.4 Max 7.3 7.8 7.9 5.5 7.8 Max 0.2 1.61 1.4 Mean 7.2 7.7 7.9 5.5 7.8 Mean 0.2 0.8 1.4

Figure 332 Figure 333

20 25000 COD (mg/l) TC (MPN/100 ml) 15 20000 15000 10 10000 5 5000 0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2005 2008 2009 Min 2 6.4 12 8 16 Min 650 21 90 Max 16 10 12 8 16 Max 650 22000 90

Mean 6.8 8.2 12 8 16 Mean 650 11010.5 90

- 108 -

Figure 334 Figure 335

Close examination of figures 332 to 335 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 5.5 mg/l and 7.9 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively. BOD ranges between 0 mg/l and 1.6 mg/l during year 2008 only. COD ranges between 2 mg/l and 16 mg/l during year 2005 and 2011respectively. TC ranges between 21MPN/100 ml and 22000 MPN/100 ml during year 2008 only.

7.38 Water Quality of River Tungabhadra at Hochchelli (Karnataka)

Water Quality of River Tungabhadra at Hochchelli (Karnataka)is monitored for 2005-11 having 08 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and Maharashtra

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2008 2010 2011 Total Observations 3 2 2 1 8

Water Quality of Tungabhadra at River Hochchelli (Karnataka)during 2005-2011 is depicted in graphs (from figures 336-338 ):

15 20 DO (mg/l) COD (mg/l) 15 10 10 5 5

0 0 2005 2008 2010 2011 2005 2008 2010 2011 Min 8 7.3 4 8 Min 1.52 4 10 8 Max 9 8.2 12 8 Max 16 12.2 19 8 Mean 8.5 7.8 8 8 Mean 9.8 8.1 14.8 8

Figure 336 Figure 337

20000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 15000

10000

5000

0 2005 2008 2010 2011 Min 1100 13 1600 4800 Max 1100 16100 1600 4800

Mean 1100 8056 1600 4800 Figure 338

Close examination of figures 336 to 338 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 12.0 mg/l in year 2010. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 7.4 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010 respectively. COD ranges between 1.5

- 109 - mg/l and 19mg/l during year 2005 and 2010 respectively. TC ranges between 13 MPN/100 ml and 16100 MPN/100 ml in the year 2008.

7.39 River Bhima at Jewargi, Gangapur, (Karnataka)

Water Quality of River Bhima at Jewargi, Gangapur, (Karnataka) is monitored for 2005-11 having 08 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and Maharashtra.

Summary of observation:

Year 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Total Observations 3 2 1 1 1 8

Water Quality of River Bhima at Jewargi, Gangapur, (Karnataka) during 2005-2011 is depicted in graphs (from figures 339-341 ):

10 12 DO (mg/l) 8 10 BOD (mg/l) 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 7.4 6.2 7.2 6.9 7.9 Min 0.5 1.6 2 10 6 Max 7.5 8 7.2 6.9 7.9 Max 1 1.6 2 10 6 Mean 7.5 7.1 7.2 6.9 7.9 Mean 0.8 1.6 2 10 6

Figure 339 Figure 340

30 25 COD (mg/l) 20 15 10 5 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 6.84 1.32 26 19 28 Max 16 11.1 26 19 28

Mean 10.3 6.2 26 19 28 Figure 341

Close examination of figures 339 to 341 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.2 mg/l and 8.0 mg/l in the year 2008. BOD concentration ranges between 0.5 mg/l and 10 mg/l during year 2005 and 2010 respectively. COD ranges between 1.3 mg/l and 28 mg/l during year 2008 and 2011 respectively.

7.40 Water Quality of River Manjira at Janwada (Karnataka)

Water Quality of River Manjira at Janwada (Karnataka) is monitored for 2005-12 having 05 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and Maharashtra.

Summary of observation:

- 110 -

Year 2005 2008 2010 2012 Total Observations 1 2 1 1 5

Water Quality of River Manjira at Janwada (Karnataka) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 342-344):

6.8 60 COD (mg/l) 6.6 DO (mg/l) 50 40 6.4 30 6.2 20 6 10 5.8 0 2005 2008 2010 2005 2008 2010 2012 Min 6.6 6.3 6.1 Min 14.23 8.2 6 54 Max 6.6 6.5 6.1 Max 14.23 36.2 6 54 Mean 6.6 6.4 6.1 Mean 14.23 22.2 6 54

Figure 342 Figure 343

10000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2005 2008 2012 Min 930 3500 8600 Max 930 3500 8600 Mean 930 3500 8600 Figure 344

Close examination of figures 342 to 344 shows that: DO concentration ranges between 6.1 mg/l and 6.6 mg/l during year 2010 and 2005 respectively. COD ranges between 6.0 mg/l and 54.0 mg/l during year 2010 and 2012. TC count ranges between 930 MPN/100ml and 8600 MPN/100 ml during year 2005 and 2012.

7.41 Water Quality of River Godavari at Basra (Kavalguda),Maharashtra

Water Quality of River Godavari at Basra (Kavalguda) is monitored for 2005-12 having 05 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and Maharashtra.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2008 2010 2012 Total Observations 1 2 1 1 5

Water Quality of River Godavari at Basra (Kavalguda), Maharashtra during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 345-348 ):

- 111 -

40 8 COD (mg/l) 6 DO (mg/l) 30 4 20 2 10 0 0 2005 2008 2010 2005 2008 2010 2012 Min 4 5.6 6 Min 16.15 8.7 9 19 Max 4 6.8 6 Max 16.15 31.44 9 19 Mean 4 6.2 6 Mean 16.15 20.1 9 19

Figure 345 Figure 346

1200 6000 1000 TDS (mg/l) 5000 TC (MPN/100ml) 800 4000 600 3000 400 2000 200 1000 0 0 2008 2010 2012 2005 2008 2012 Min 186 267 316 Min 258 800 4400 Max 1081 267 316 Max 258 5400 4400

Mean 633.5 267 316 Mean 258 3100 4400

Figure 347 Figure 348

Close examination of figures 345 to 348 shows that: DO concentration ranges between 4.0 mg/l and 6.8 mg/l during year 2005 and 2008. COD concentration ranges between 8.7 mg/l and 31.44 mg/l in the same year 2008. TDS concentration ranges between 186 mg/l and 1081 mg/l in year 2008. TC count ranges between 258 MPN/100ml and 5400 MPN/100 ml during year 2005 and 2008 respectively.

7.42 Water Quality of River Uttra-Pinakini (North Pennar) at Hindupur (Andhra Pradesh)

Water Quality of River Uttra-Pinakini (North Pennar) at Hindupur (Andhra Pradesh) is monitored for 2005-12 having 05 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Karnataka and Andhra Pradesh.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2008 2009 2010 Total Observations 1 2 1 1 5

Water Quality of River Uttra-Pinakini (North Pennar) at Hindupur (Andhra Pradesh) during 2005- 2010 is depicted in graphs (from figures 349-352 ):

- 112 -

6 DO (mg/l) 5 BOD (mg/l) 4 2.5 3 2 1.5 2 1 1 0.5 0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2005 2008 2009 Min 0.8 3.9 5.4 3 Min 1 1 2 Max 0.8 4 5.4 3 Max 1 1.1 2 Mean 1 1.1 2 Mean 0.8 4 5.4 3

Figure 349 Figure 350

20 20000 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 15 15000

10 10000

5 5000

0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 Min 9.12 3.85 19 13 Min 1233 15552 2373 Max 9.12 10.9 19 13 Max 1233 15552 2373 Mean 9.12 7.4 19 13 Mean 1233 15552 2373

Figure 351 Figure 352

Close examination of figures 349 to 352 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 0.8 mg/l and 5.4 during year 2005 and 2009 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 2 mg/l during year 2010 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 3.85 mg/l and 19 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 1223 mg/l and 15552 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively.

7.43 Water Quality of River Ganga at Tarighat, Gazipur (U. P.)

Water Quality of River Ganga at Tarighat, Gazipur (U. P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having 14 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttrakhand and Uttar Pradesh.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 1 2 3 2 2 3 1 14

Water Quality of River Ganga at Tarighat, Ghazipur (U. P.) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 353-357 ):

- 113 -

10 8 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 Min 6.93 8.2 5.2 4.5 7.8 7.9 8.1 Min 1 5.2 1 1.9 1.25 2.8 2.4 Max 6.93 8.72 8.8 6.2 8.6 8.8 8.1 Max 1 6 4 5 1.9 3.6 2.4 Mean 6.93 8.46 7 5.35 8.2 8.35 8.1 Mean 1 5.6 2.4 3.451.575 3.1 2.4

Figure 353 Figure 354

40 250000 COD (mg/l) TC (MPN/100 ml) 30 200000 150000 20 100000 10 50000 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 Min 14 17 11 11 5.6 12.8 13.6 MIN 1E+055000 1400 3000 5000 350 2E+05 Max 14 30 26 26 21.6 33.6 13.6 Max 1E+051100030002E+0524000920002E+05 Mean 14 23.5 18.2 18.5 13.6 21.8 13.6 Mean 1E+058000 22208150014500364502E+05

Figure 355 Figure 356

120000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 100000 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 27000 400 1100 2300 3000 240 110000 Max 27000 700 2300 90000 13000 28000110000 Mean 27000 550 1620 46150 8000 13746110000

Figure 357

Close examination of figures 353 to 357 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 4.5 mg/l and 8.8 during year 2009 and 2011 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l during year 2005 and 2006 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 5.6 mg/l and 33.6 during year 2010 and 2011respectively. TC count ranges between 350 MPN/100 ml and 220000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2012 respectively. FC count ranges between 240 MPN/100 ml and 110000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2012 respectively.

7.44.1 Water Quality of River Betwa at Kanjira Bridge , Sagar (M.P.)

Water Quality of River Betwa at Kanjira Bridge, Sagar (M.P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having 15 Number of observations at the interstate boundaries of Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh.

- 114 -

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 2 1 3 1 4 3 1 15

Water Quality of River Betwa at Kanjira Bridge , Sagar (M.P.) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 358-362 ):

12 5 BOD (mg/l) 10 DO (mg/l) 4 8 3 6 2 4 1 2 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 Min 2.8 8 6 8.7 7.4 Min 0.8 0.76 1.1 2 1 1 1 Max 10.4 8 6.2 9.2 8.1 Max 4 0.76 2 2 2.7 2.3 1 Mean 6.6 8 6.1 9 7.8 Mean 2.4 0.76 1.7 2 1.8 1.7 1

Figure 358 Figure 359

50 2500000 40 COD (mg/l) 2000000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 30 1500000 20 1000000 10 500000 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 20 20 20 20 20 20 20 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 05 06 08 09 10 11 12 Min 36 20 5 7 9 7.4 15.9 Min 13001400 200 80001300 400 3300 Max 39 20 10 7 5 22.2 15.9 Max 2E+0140030008000130033003300 Mean 37.5 20 7.3 7 17 14.8 15.9 Mean 1E+0140019348000130016703300

Figure 360 Figure 361

1200000 1000000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 800000 600000 400000 200000 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 Min 80 70 2 5000 7900 200 2300 Max 1E+0 70 2300 5000 7900 2300 2300

Mean 6E+0 70 1034 5000 7900 1160 2300 Figure 362

Close examination of figures 358 to 362 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 2.8 mg/l and 10.4 mg/l during year 2005 BOD concentration ranges between 0.76 mg/l and 4.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2005 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 5 mg/l and 39.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2005 respectively. TC count 200 MPN/100 ml and 2100000 MPN/100 ml during year 2008 and 2005. FC count ranges 2 MPN/100 ml and 1100000 MPN/100 ml during 2008 and 2005 respectively.

- 115 -

7.44.2 River Betwa at D/S Dukwan Dam at Babina, Birdha Road, Distt. Lalitpur (U.P.)

Water Quality of River Betwa at D/S Dukwan Dam at Babina, Birdha Road, Distt. Lalitpur (U.P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having 13 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Year 2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 2 1 2 4 3 1 13

Water Quality of River Betwa at D/S Dukwan Dam at Babina, Birdha Road, Distt. Lalitpur (U.P.) 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 363-367 ):

12 8 10 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 6 8 6 4 4 2 2 0 0 2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 Min 5.3 5.5 7.47 7.2 7.3 Min 0.7 0.32 1 1 1.1 4.6 Max 10.8 5.5 8.4 8.4 8.9 Max 6 0.32 2.3 1.6 1.2 4.6 Mean 8.05 5.5 7.935 7.8 8 Mean 3.35 0.32 1.65 1.3 1.1 4.6

Figure 363 Figure 364

50 300 TDS (mg/l) 40 COD (mg/l) 30 200 20 100 10 0 0 2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 2008 2011 2012 Min 29 23 12 9.5 2.6 26.2 Min 147 111 239 Max 44 23 12 13 15.9 26.2 Max 147 200 239 Mean 36.5 23 12 11.2 9.3 26.2 Mean 147 148.6 239

Figure 365 Figure 366

10000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 8000 6000 4000 2000 0 2005 2006 2008 2010 2011 2012 Min 80 80 8000 79 200 1.7 Max 400 80 8000 7900 790 1.7

Mean 240 80 8000 3990 563.3 1.7 Figure 367

Close examination of figures 363 to 367 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 5.3 mg/l and 10.8 mg/l during the year 2005 only. BOD concentration ranges between 0.7 mg/l and 6.0 mg/l during year 2005 only. COD concentration ranges between 2.6 mg/l and 44.0 mg/l during year 2011 and 2005 respectively. TDS ranges - 116 - between 111 mg/l and 239 mg/l during year 2011 and 2012 respectively. TC count ranges between 1.7 MPN/100 ml and 8000 MPN/100 ml during year 2012 and 2008 respectively.

7.45.1 Water Quality of River Sone at Chopan (U.P.)

Water Quality of River Sone at Chopan (U.P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having 15 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 2 1 3 1 4 3 1 15

Water Quality of River Sone at Chopan (U.P.) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 368-373 ):

4 12 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 3 8 2 6 4 1 2 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 Min 5.5 0 5.4 7.34 6.9 8.6 Min 1.46 1.16 1 1 1 1 2 Max 5.58 0 5.4 10.2 7.7 8.6 Max 3.3 1.16 2.7 1 3.2 1.8 2 Mean 5.54 0 5.4 8.77 7.4 8.6 Mean 2.38 1.16 1.6 1 2 1.3 2

Figure 368 Figure 369

50 500 TDS (mg/l) 40 COD (mg/l) 400 30 300 20 200 10 0 100 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 2006 2008 2011 2012 Min 15.5813.32 9 5 11 3.9 6.4 Min 151 151 102 103 Max 18 13.32 44 5 20 38.7 6.4 Max 421 421 212 103

Mean 16.7913.32 26.5 5 15.5 16.5 6.4 Mean 286 286 157 103

Figure 370 Figure 371

120000 30000 100000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 25000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 80000 20000 60000 15000 40000 10000 20000 5000 0 0 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 8 9 0 1 2 5 8 9 0 1 2 Min 23000 8000 3000 7900 170 22000 Min 8000 1700 2300 5000 130 11000 Max 1E+0522000 3000280003500022000 Max 1300013000 2300 170002400011000

Mean 6650015666 3000179501249022000 Mean 10500 9233 2300 11000 8476 11000

Figure 372 Figure 373

Close examination of figures 368 to 373 shows that:

- 117 -

DO concentration ranges between 0 mg/l and 10.2 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010 respectively. BOD concentration ranges 1 mg/l and 3.3 mg/l. COD concentration ranges between 3.9 mg/l and 44 mg/l during year 2011 and 2008. TDS concentration ranges between 102 mg/l and 421 mg/l in year 2011 and 2008. TC count ranges between 170 MPN/100 ml and 110000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2005. FC count ranges between 130 MPN/100 ml and 17000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2010 respectively.

7.45.2 River Sone at U/S of Deora before Reservoir, Rihand (U.P.)

Water Quality of River Sone at Chopan (U.P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having 15 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 2 1 3 1 4 3 1 15

Water Quality of River Sone at U/S of Deora before Reservoir, Rihand (U.P.) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 374-379 ):

12 10 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 8 8 6 6 4 4 2 2 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 5.7 6.4 5.5 8.4 5.8 7.1 8.7 Min 1 0.5 1 8.4 0.7 1 Max 8.3 6.4 7.2 8.4 10.5 8.8 8.7 Max 1.1 0.5 2.5 8.4 2 1 Mean 7 6.4 6.3 8.4 8.2 7.9 8.7 Mean 1.05 0.5 1.5 8.4 1.5 1

Figure 374 Figure 375

40 1500 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 30 1000 20 10 500 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 0 2008 2011 2012 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 Min 7 6.1 7 7 16.1 4 5.4 Min 91 170 192 Max 11 6.1 34 7 20 16.8 5.4 Max 979 232 192 Mean 535 191 192 Mean 9 6.1 16.3 7 18.7 8.7 5.4

Figure 376 Figure 377

- 118 -

80000 40000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 60000 30000

40000 20000

20000 10000

0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2005 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 22000 2300 5000 400 130 11000 Min 17000 1300 3000 200 79 7000 Max 70000 7000 5000 17000 17000 11000 Max 30000 3000 3000 14000 13000 7000 Mean 46000 4766 5000 6060 7376 11000 Mean 23500 2200 3000 4883 5126.3 7000

Figure 378 Figure 379

Close examination of figures 374 to 379 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 5.5 mg/l and 10.5 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.53 mg/l and 8.4 mg/l during year 2006 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 4 mg/l and 34 mg/l. TDS concentration ranges between 91 mg/l and 979 mg/l respectively in year 2008. Minimum TC count observed is 130 MPN/100 ml in year 2011 whereas maximum TC count observed is 70000 MPN/100 ml in year 2005. Minimum FC count observed is 79 MPN/100 ml in year 2011whereas maximum FC count observed is 14000 MPN/100 ml in year 2010.

7.46.1 River Ramganga at D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh (U.P.)

Water Quality of River Ramganga at D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh (U.P.) is monitored for 2005-12 having 12 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Uttrakhand.

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 12

Water Quality of River Ramganga at D/S Sherkot, Kalagarh (U.P.) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 380-384):

10 6 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 8 4 6 4 2 2 0 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 Min 7 7.8 8.5 4.4 6.8 8.4 8 Min 1.2 2.1 2 1 1.1 2.7 Max 7 7.8 8.5 8 7 8.4 8 Max 1.4 2.1 2 2 4.9 2.7 Mean 7 7.8 8.5 6.2 6.9 8.4 8 Mean 1.3 2.1 2 1.5 3 2.7

Figure 380 Figure 381

- 119 -

250000 COD (mg/l) 200000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 150000 40 30 100000 20 50000 10 0 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 Min 7 7 9 8 17 12 Min 800 1100 200 840 1700 400 2E+05 Max 9 7 10 8.2 36 12 Max 80000 1100 3000 840 1E+05 400 2E+05 Mean 8 7 9.5 8.1 26.5 12 Mean 40400 1100 1867 840 55850 400 2E+05

Figure 382 Figure 383

120000 100000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 80000 60000 40000 20000 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 Min 1300 70 50 230 450 200 1E+05 Max 30000 70 1300 230 70000 200 1E+05 Mean 15650 70 683 230 35225 200 1E+05 Figure 384

Close examination of figures 380 to 384 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 4.4 mg/l and 8.5 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 4.9 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010. COD concentration ranges between 7 mg/l and 36 mg/l during year 2005 and 2010 respectively. TC count ranges between 200 MPN/100 ml and 220000 MPN/100 ml during year 2008 and 2012 respectively. FC count ranges between 50 MPN/100 ml and 110000 MPN/100 ml during year 2008 and 2012 respectively.

7.46.2 River Ramganga at D/S Kalagarh, Dam (Uttrankhand)

Water Quality of River Ramganga at D/S Kalagarh, Dam (Uttrankhand) is monitored for 2005-12 having 12 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Uttrakhand.

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total Observations 2 1 3 2 2 1 1 12

Water Quality of River Ramganga at D/S Kalagarh, Dam (Uttrankhand) during 2005-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 385-390):

- 120 -

10 3 8 DO (mg/l) 2.5 BOD (mg/l) 6 2 1.5 4 1 2 0.5 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 200 200 200 200 201 201 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 5 6 8 9 0 1 Min 8 7.58 8.01 8 6.2 9.2 7 Min 1.2 1.4 2 1 2.6 1 Max 8.4 7.58 8.01 8.9 6.9 9.2 7 Max 1.6 1.4 2 2.1 2.6 1 Mean 8.2 7.58 8 8.5 6.6 9.2 7 Mean 1.4 1.4 2 1.6 2.6 1 Figure 385 Figure 386

500 COD (mg/l) 400 TDS (mg/l) 20 15 300 10 5 200 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 100 5 6 8 9 0 1 0 2008 2010 2011 2012 Min 5.5 5.2 3 5 7 6.4 Min 158 436 121 64 Max 9 5.2 13 13 16 6.4 Max 158 436 121 64 Mean 7.25 5.2 9 9 11.5 6.4 Mean 158 436 121 64

Figure 387 Figure 388

200000 30000 TC (MPN/100 ml) FC (MPN/100 ml) 150000 20000 100000 10000 50000 0 0 200 200 200 200 201 201 201 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 5 6 8 9 0 1 2 Min 13000 40 1400 4900 400 200 9000 Min 1700 20 400 3000 200 1.8 4600 Max 160000 40 30000 4900 17000 200 9000 Max 28000 20 2300 3000 7800 1.8 4600 Mean Mean 86500 40 13133 4900 8700 200 9000 14850 20 1166 3000 4000 1.8 4600

Figure 389 Figure 390

Close examination of figures 385 to 390 shows that:

DO concentration ranges between 6.2 mg/l and 9.2 mg/l during year 2010 and 2011 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 2.6 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010. COD concentration ranges between 3.0 mg/l and 16.0 mg/l during year 2008 and 2010 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 64 mg/l and 436 mg/l during year 2012 and 2010 respectively. TC count ranges between 40 MPN/100 ml and 160000 MPN/100 ml during year 2006 and 2005 respectively. FC count ranges between 1.8 MPN/100 ml and 28000 MPN/100 ml during year 2011 and 2005 respectively.

7.47 Ganga at Dariganj, Distt. Sonepur, Bihar

Water Quality of River Ganga at Dariganj, Distt. Sonepur, Bihar is monitored for 2005-12 having 10 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Uttar Pradesh and Bihar.

Year 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total

- 121 -

Observations 3 1 2 3 1 10

Water Quality of River Ganga at Dariganj, Distt. Sonepur, Bihar during 2008-2012 is depicted in graphs (from figures 391-395 ):

6 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 4 8 6 4 2 2 0 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Min 5.81 6 7.8 8.3 8.3 Min 2 3 1.7 3.1 1.6 Max 5.81 6 8.7 8.5 8.3 Max 3 3 1.9 4.8 1.6 Mean 5.8 6 8.3 8.4 8.3 Mean 2.3 3 1.8 4.1 1.6

Figure 391 Figure 392

50 250000 40 COD (mg/l) 200000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 30 150000 20 100000 10 50000 0 0 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2010 2011 2012 Min 15 8 8.1 19.5 13.4 Min 210 3000 170 220000 Max 20 8 27 46 13.4 Max 35000 7900 54000 220000 Mean 17.5 8 17.6 30.8 13.4 Mean 13403 5450 21723.3 220000

Figure 393 Figure 394

150000 FC (MPN/100 ml) 100000

50000

0 2008 2010 2011 2012 Min 110 2300 130 110000 Max 13000 5000 17000 110000 Mean 5370 3650 8343.3 110000 Figure 395

Close examination of figures 391 to 395 shows that:

DO concentration is meeting to the minimum prescribed limit of 5.0 mg/l. DO concentration ranges between 5.81 mg/l and 8.3 mg/l during year 2008 and 2012 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.7 mg/l and 4.8 mg/l during year 2010 and 2011. COD concentration 8 mg/l and 46.0 mg/l during year 2009 and 2011 respectively. TC count ranges between 170 MPN/100 ml and 220000 MPN/100 ml respectively. FC count ranges between 110 MPN/100 ml and 110000 MPN/100 ml respectively. 7.48 Water Quality of River Dhansari

7.48.1 River Dhansari at Ganeshnagar (Nagaland)

- 122 -

Water Quality of River Dhansari at Ganeshnagar (Nagaland) is monitored for 2005-12 having 16 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Total Observations 4 4 3 3 2 16

Water Quality of River Dhansari at Ganeshnagar (Nagaland) during 2005-2010 is depicted in graphs (from figures 396-400 ):

15 20 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 10 5 0 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 5.2 0.3 6.4 2.5 6.4 Min 0.7 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.2 Max 10 10 9.4 10 7.43 Max 2.8 16.5 1.28 2 1.2 Mean 8.1 4.9 7.8 7.3 6.915 Mean 1.5 8.5 1.2 1.6 1.2

Figure 396 Figure 397

100 150 80 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 60 100 40 50 20 0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 12 18.2 8 20 Min 86 118 80 80.5 99 Max 12 82.32 18.2 82.32 Max 86 118 121 125 121 Mean 12 40.1 13.1 51.16 Mean 86 118 100 98.5 110

Figure 398 Figure 399

2000 1500 TC (MPN/100 ml) 1000 500 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 Min 140 17 38 38 Max 1600 140 38 38

Mean 673 78 38 38 Figure 400

Close examination of figures 396 to 400 shows that: DO concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 10.0 mg/l during 2005-10. BOD concentration ranges between 0.7 mg/l and 16.5 mg/l during year 2005 and 2006 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 8mg/l and 82.32 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008 respectively. TDS ranges between 80 mg/l and 125 mg/l during year 2008 and 2009 respectively. TC count ranges between 17 MPN/100 ml and 1600 MPN/100 ml during year 2006 and 2005 respectively.

4.48.2 River Dhansari at Nagarjan Bridge

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Water Quality of River Dhansari at Nagarjan Bridge is monitored for 2005-10 having 16 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Total Observations 4 4 3 3 2 16

Water Quality of River Dhansari at Nagarjan Bridge during 2005-2010 is depicted in graphs (from figures 401-405 ):

15 15 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 10 10

5 5

0 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 6.4 1 6.7 3.2 6.7 Min 0.5 0.1 1.3 2.2 1.3 Max 10 9.2 9.6 9.6 7.4 Max 7 10.2 2.2 5 1.3 Mean 7.9 5.1 7.9 6.4 7.1 Mean 2.45 4.1 1.8 3.6 1.3

Figure 401 Figure 402

25 150 20 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 15 100 10 50 5 0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 21 7.84 11.5 7.8 Min 94 112 130 90 105 Max 21 11.95 18 12 Max 94 112 130 130 126 Mean 21 10.4 14.8 9.9 Mean 94 112 130 112 115.5

Figure 403 Figure 404

600 500 TC (MPN/100 ml) 400 300 200 100 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 Min 19 21 20 20 Max 540 340 20 20

Mean 156 180 20 20 Figure 405

Close examination of figures 401 to 405 shows that: DO concentration ranges between 1.0 mg/l and 10.0 mg/l during year 2006 and 2005 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.1 mg/l and 10.2 mg/l in the same year 2006. COD concentration ranges between 7.8 mg/l and 21mg/l during year 2008 and 2005 respectively. TDS concentration ranges between 90 mg/l and 130mg/l during year 2009 and 2008. TC count ranges between 19 MPN/100 ml and 540 MPN/100 in the same year 2005. - 124 -

7.48.3 River Dhansari at Khatkati Gate (Nagaland)

Water Quality of River Dhansari at Khatkati Gate (Nagaland) is monitored for 2005-10 having 16 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Total Observations 4 4 3 3 2 16

Water Quality of River Dhansari at Khatkati Gate (Nagaland) during 2005-2010 is depicted in graphs (from figures 406-410 ):

15 80 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 60 10 40 5 20 0 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 5.8 9 6.9 9 7 Min 1 0.3 1.2 38 2 Max 8.6 10.5 9.75 10 7.4 Max 12.6 2 2.2 71.5 2 Mean 6.96 9.75 8.37 9.12 7.2 Mean 3.75 1.15 1.5 54.75 2

Figure 406 Figure 407

30 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 20 200 150 10 100 50 0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 19 3.92 3.4 4 Min 97 122 80 0.08 118 Max 19 23.9 16 24 Max 97 122 132 145 132 Mean 97 122 113 97.02 125 Mean 19 15.34 11.58 14

Figure 408 Figure 409

2000 TC (MPN/100 ml) 1500

1000

500

0 2005 2006 2008 2009 Min 27 70 38 38 Max 1600 140 105 71

Mean 426 105 71 54

Figure 410

- 125 -

Close examination of figures 406 to 410 shows that: DO concentration ranges between 5.8 mg/l and 10.5 mg/l during year 2005 and 2006 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 0.3 mg/l and 71.5 mg/l during year 2006 and 2009 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 3.4 mg/l and 24 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010. TDS ranges between 0.08 mg/l and 145 mg/l. TC count ranges between 27 MPN/100 and 1600 MPN/100 ml in the year 2005.

7.48.4 River Dhansari at Bokajan (Assam)

Water Quality of River Dhansari at Bokajan (Assam) is monitored for 2005-10 having 16 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Total Observations 4 4 3 3 2 16

Water Quality of River Dhansari at Bokajan (Assam) during 2005-2010 is depicted in graphs (from figures 411-415 ):

12 6 10 DO (mg/l) 5 BOD (mg/l) 8 4 6 3 4 2 2 1 0 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 4.8 8 5.64 3.1 5.6 Min 1.6 2 5 2.8 5.5 Max 9 8.8 8.8 9.8 7.8 Max 4.7 2 5.54 5 5.5 Mean 7.04 8.4 7.4 7.2 6.7 Mean 2.9 2 5.3 3.9 5.5

Figure 411 Figure 412

40 200 COD (mg/l) TDS (mg/l) 30 150 20 100 10 50 0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 24 6.7 16 20 Min 115 118 108 0.14 108 Max 24 35.28 16 35 Max 115 118 150 20 138

Mean 24 20.6 16 27.5 Mean 115 118 132 10.1 123

Figure 413 Figure 414

- 126 -

400 TC (MPN/100 ml) 300 200 100 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 Min 17 17 23 23 Max 350 34 23 23

Mean 196.75 25.5 23 23 Figure 415

Close examination of figures 411 to 415 shows that: DO concentration ranges between is 3.1 mg/l and 9.8 mg/l during 2005 and 2009 respectively. BOD concentration ranges between 1.6 mg/l and 5.5 mg/l during 2005 and 2010 respectively. COD concentration ranges between 6.7 mg/l and 35.28 mg/l respectively in the year 2008. TDS concentration ranges between 0.14mg/l and 150 mg/l during year 2009 and 2008 respectively. TC count ranges between 17 MPN/100 and 3500 MPN/100 ml in the year 2005.

7.48.5 River Dhansari at Numaligarh (Assam)

Water Quality of River Dhansari at Numaligarh (Assam) is monitored for 2005-10 having 16 Numbers of observations at the interstate boundaries of Nagaland and Assam.

Summary of observations:

Year 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Total Observations 4 4 3 3 2 16

Water Quality of River Dhansari at Numaligarh (Assam) during 2005-2010 is depicted in graphs (from figures 416-420 ):

20 5 DO (mg/l) BOD (mg/l) 15 4 3 10 2 5 1 0 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 5.6 0.6 7.03 3.4 7 Min 1.2 0.6 1.2 2.1 4.4 Max 9.5 8.8 9.4 15.4 7.8 Max 2.5 1.7 4.4 2.2 4.4 Mean 7.9 5.4 8.07 9.2 7.4 Mean 2.03 1.15 2.8 2.15 4.4

Figure 416 Figure 417

- 127 -

40 150 COD (mg/l) 30 TDS (mg/l) 100 20 50 10 0 0 2005 2008 2009 2010 2005 2006 2008 2009 2010 Min 17 18.2 12 20 Min 76 74 80 51 99 Max 17 27.44 31 27.4 Max 76 74 103 100 103

Mean 17 21.8 21.5 23.7 Mean 76 74 91.5 60.03 101

Figure 418 Figure 419

250 200 TC (MPN/100 ml) 150 100 50 0 2005 2006 2008 2009 Min 34 17 38 38 Max 110 220 38 38 Mean 77 118 38 38

Figure 420

Close examination of figures 416 to 420 shows that: DO concentration ranges between 0.6 mg/l and 15.4 mg/l during year 2006 and 2009. BOD concentration ranges 0.6 mg/l and 4.4 mg/l during year 2006 and 2010. COD concentrations ranges between 12 mg/l and 31 mg/l during the year 2009. TDS concentration ranges between 51 mg/l and 103 mg/l during year 2009 and 2010 respectively. TC count ranges between 17 MPN/100 and 220 MPN/100 ml in the year 2006.

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CHAPTER 8: CONCLUSION

In this report, the rivers with polluted and poor water quality are differentiated out on the basis of the six water quality parameters i.e. DO, BOD, COD, TDS, TC, FC. Out of the total 40 rivers spread over 82 locations being monitored by Zonal Offices and Head offices, 16 rivers are estimated out to be polluted.

River Dhela at Adampur Village, Bhojpur is observed with the highest BOD value among all the polluted river locations i.e. 131 mg/l in 2012 with very high TC and FC count.

The most polluted river is Ghaggar having the lowest water quality at the 7 locations out of the 9 locations namely, (i) Ghaggar (i) at Mubarakpur (Punjab), (ii) at Tiwana village (Punjab), (iii) at Sirsa Dabwali Road (Haryana), (iv) at Chandrapur Siphon (Haryana), (v) at Sirdulgarh (Punjab), (vi) at Ottu Weir (Haryana) (vii) at Sirsa Hanumangarh Road (Rajasthan). Ghaggar at Mubarakpur (Punjab) is having the deteriorated water quality due the highest BOD range among all the polluted Ghaggar river locations. Ghaggar at Sirsa Dabwali road is observed with the highest TDS value among the 7 polluted river locations. Ghaggar at Chandrapur, Siphon is observed with the highest TC count.

Among the 09 locations of river Yamuna, 3 locations are observed having deteriorated water quality viz. (i)Yamuna at Mohena Palwal Road (Haryana), (ii) River Yamuna at Asgarpur village, (U.P.) and (iii)River Yamuna at Hasanpur, Mohali (Haryana). Yamuna at the location Asgarpur village is observed with the most deteriorated water quality having the highest BOD concentration, remaining two locations are also observed with high TC and FC count and having BOD concentration exceeding to the prescribed limit.

River Ganga being monitored at the four locations and the river Dhansari at 5 locations shows water quality meeting to prescribed standards with respect to BOD and DO conentration. The rivers being monitored at different locations and having good water quality at every location are Beas, Sarsa, Vardha, Mahi, Chambal, Betwa, Sone, Tapi, Bhima, Krishna, Damodar, Ramganga and Subarnrekha.

The other rivers being monitored under IRBM network and not meeting t prescribed standards with respect to BOD and DO are River Bahela at Badli Village, Tehseel - Tanda (U.P.), River Damanganga at at Jarry Causeway D/S of CETP discharge (Gujarat), River Churni at Bijoypur (West Bengal), River Thenpennai at Mugalur Bridge, Bangalore (Karnataka) and River Markanda at Narayangarh (Haryana).

The rivers being monitored at single location and having water quality meeting to the prescribed standards are Satluj, Kosi, Kitcha, Swan, Pilakhar, Churni, Indravati, Cauvery, Tungabhadra, Pennar, Godavari, Mahanadi, Godavari, Wainganga, Sabarmati and Uttra Pinkhani.

Overall, 78% locations have DO value within the prescribed limit and 75% locations have BOD value within the prescribed range with 6% locations have very high BOD value indicating poor water quality. 76% locations have TDS range and 11% with TC range within the prescribed limit.

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CHAPTER 9 : ACTION TAKEN BY CPCB TO IMPROVE WATER QUALITY

In order to resolve the interstate water quality problems and keep watch on water quality at interstate borders of different rivers, in 51st Chairman & Member Secretaries conference, it was decided that CPCB would monitor the water quality of the rivers at interstate borders.

As a follow-up of the decision, CPCB through its Zonal Offices and Head Office initiated monitoring of all the important rivers at interstate borders. The monitoring being carried out 4 times in a year following CPCB’s guidelines & protocol notified by Ministry of Environment, Forests and Climate Change(MoEFCC). Following significant actions have been taken by CPCB to prevent water pollution in the rivers:

1. Action taken in the matter of Inter-State problem of rivers in Northern States

As a follow up the decision taken in 54th Chairmen and Member Secretaries conference, CPCB organized a meeting with concerned SPCBs/PCCs of Northern/ Eastern & North- Eastern states to discuss the issue of interstate water pollution problem in detail and compliance status of various polluting sources on 24, September, 2008 at MoEF, Delhi.

 Regarding contribution of pollution from domestic sources, Haryana SPCB were requested to issue notice either to municipal authorities or PHED to put up proper sewage treatment plants to take care of all the significant sewage outfalls.

 Punjab SPCB were requested to pursue the distilleries to achieve “Zero-discharge” limit, Since the Patiala Distillery and Chandigarh Distillery are major source of pollution of Ghaggar River in the territory of Punjab.

 Regarding contribution of pollution from domestic sources municipal authorities or PHED were communicated to put up proper sewage treatment plants to take care of all the significant sewage outfalls.

 It was decided to inform Delhi Jal Board to take sample whenever they found any abnormal condition in water quality of Yamuna River with intimation to CPCB and HSPCB.

 Untreated/partially treated discharge of effluents from Uttrakhand is polluting River Kosi & Ramganga and their tributaries like Bahela, Dehla. The pollution is so severe that it continues till Allahabad and cause colour in the river at Sangam. Monitoring being carried out on daily basis for river Dhela, river Kosi, river Bhela, river Gagan and river Ram Ganga by CPCB with co-ordination of SPCBs of Uttarakhand and U.P. in their respective monitoring locations.

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2. Action taken in the matter of Inter-State problem of rivers in Eastern and North- Eastern States :

 As a follow up the decision taken in 54th Chairmen and Member Secretaries conference, CPCB organized a meeting with concerned SPCBs/PCCs of Northern/ Eastern & North-Eastern states to discuss the issue of interstate water pollution problem in detail and compliance status of various polluting sources on 25, September, 2008 at MoEF, Delhi.

 The major pollution of Ganga at Bihar border is due to discharge of sewage from Varanasi and Ghazipur. UPPCB informed that STPs are being augmented at Varanasi under Ganga Action Plan-II. CPCB requested that UPPCB to ensure full utilization of STP capacity.

 Regarding pollution from Singrauli area, UPPCB informed that the thermal power plants under NTPC and UPEB are being pursued to provide adequate control measures. CPCB requested UPPCB to regularly monitor the performance of the control measures adopted.

 Realizing the gravity of the problem, it was decided to monitored all the locations at least once in a year monitored even those rivers which are either small/seasonal or not causing any Interstate dispute.

 The concerned SPCBs have been requested to take remedial measures to restore water quality of the identified polluted river at interstate border.

3. Action taken in the matter of River Yamuna :

 Episodes on water quality degradation at Wazirabad were informed by Delhi Jal Board on several occasions since 2006. Similar episodes occurred in October and November, 2006 and Central Pollution Control Board has issue direction to Haryana State Pollution Control Board (HSPCB) u/s 18 1 (b) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 during 2006. Chairman, CPCB also wrote a DO letter to the Financial Commissioner & Principal Secretary to Govt. of Haryana who was also In-charge of Environment & Forests Department of Government of Haryana during 2006.  CPCB again issued direction to Haryana State Pollution Control Board u/s 18 1 (b) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 on November 15, 2007 for taking immediate effective steps to contain pollution of the River Yamuna..  CPCB again issued direction to Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, State Pollution Control Board (SPCB) and Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC) u/s 18 1 (b) of Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 on 23/11/2007.  CPCB made an exhaustive survey report on Polluting Sources of Yamuna river Upstream Wazirabad.  A meeting was held on 29/06/2009 at CPCB, Head office on water quality problems of Yamuna river with Delhi Jal Board, Delhi Pollution Control Committee (DPCC), Uttar Pardesh SPCB, Haryana SPCB, UP Jal Nigam, Nagar Nigam Ghaziabad to contain pollution at the respective sources of the River Stretch of Yamuna.

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 A meeting was held on 10/11/2009 in CPCB on issues of water quality of Yamuna River in Delhi Stretch.  A meeting was held on 31/12/09 at CPCB to review the status of sewage treatment in Delhi & water Quality Problems in Delhi stretch of Yamuna River.  DJB regularly complaint about increase in Ammonia and chloride level at river Yamuna upstream Wazirabad, Delhi.

 A meeting was held on 28/03/2011 at house of Hon’ble Chief Minister of Delhi to review the Water Quality Problem of River. Yamuna. Yamuna. Brief report on Yamuna river (Hathnikund to Okhla Barrage) is also prepared.  CPCB recently conducted a survey of river Yamuna from Hathnikund to Agra to assess the water quality of river Yamuna.

 CPCB also monitor Sewage Treatment plant installed along the catchment of river Yamuna.  CPCB also monitoring the status of drain joining river Yamuna.  A review meeting on “Interstate Water Pollution Problem in Southern and Western States” was held on 18/07/08 at MoEF.

Action Taken in the matter of River Ghaggar :

 Pursuant to the decisions taken in the meeting held on August 19, 2009 chaired by the Secretary, Cabinet Coordination, Rashtrapati Bhawan, New Delhi and communication received from the Joint Secretary, Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Shri Rajiv Guaba vide letter no. M-12012/1/2002-NRCD-II (pt) dated 24/08/2009, a detailed field investigation on the aforesaid issued was conducted by CPCB. A detailed report on “Pollution Status of River Ghaggar” was compiled and submitted to MoEF on 14/12/2009.  On the basis of report, MoEF requested CPCB to issue directions to the defaulter industries in order to address the problem of pollution load entering Jharmal Choe and other area vide DO. NO M-12012/1/2002-NRCD-II (pt) dated 12th February, 2010.  CPCB issued direction to the Punjab, Haryana & Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Boards & Chandigarh PCC under section 18 (1)( b) of the water (PCP) Act 1974 in the matter of industrial effluent and sewage discharge into Ghaggar River vide letter no. A-19014/41/2001-mon/509-11 dated 15th April, 2010.  Since, No reply was received therefore, CPCB issued reminder letter to the Punjab, Haryana & Himachal Pradesh State Pollution Control Boards & Chandigarh PCC on the same issues vide letter no. A-19014/41/2001-Mon/6719-6722 dated 17th August, 2010.  Chandhigarh PCC (CPCC) has given show cause notice to the Municipal Corporation, Chandigarh and Superintending Engineer, Chandigarh Administration:  to ensure treatment of sewage to the prescribed norms with immediate effect.  to ensure that STP run on optimal capacity.  Municipal Corporation was directed to lay down pipeline to carry sewage water of Chandigarh directly to STP Raipur Kalan.  CPCB regularly submitting analysis report of the sewage treatment plants installed in Chandigarh.

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CHAPTER10: RECOMMENDATIONS

The river pollution control needs consideration of the following aspects for clean-up:

 Industries should install the machineries to remove contaminants from their effluents and wastewater by installing Effluent Treatment Plant (ETP) , untreated effluent discharge into rivers should not be allowed and Immediate closure of all the unauthorized activities which discharge industrial efﬂuents, sludge and chemicals.  The cities and towns should also have facilities to clean sewage effluent. All towns and cities should have Sewage Treatment Plant to treat the sewage.  Religious practices/activities which pollute river water. Idols should be made from natural materials as described in the holy scripts. It would be appropriate to use traditional clay for idol making rather than baked clay. Use of painted idols should be discouraged.  In case painted idols are used, water soluble and non-toxic natural dyes may be used. Use of toxic and non- degradable chemical dyes should be strictly prohibited.  Natural colors used in food products and permitted in Pharmaceuticals may be preferred.  Proposals for creation of treatment capacity must be based and prioritized with reference to the estimated sewage generation in the relevant catchment areas which should be estimated after taking all factors into account including population trends and availability/supply of water.  Systems and procedures need to be strengthened to ensure accurate measurement of both the quantity of treated sewage being discharged as well as its quality with reference to the prescribed parameters.  Promoting communities participation in local river cleaning up  Organizing awareness programs and meetings on the river pollution and its threats.  Provide proper garbage collection system on both banks of the river, so that garbage is not dumped in the river.  To improve ﬂow pattern, it will improve its carrying capacity.

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