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Table of Contents Volume 1 Wondering about Ethics Publisher’s Note .............................xix Language ...................................53 Editors’ Introduction .........................xxi Leadership ..................................55 Contributing Scholars ........................xxv Lifestyles ...................................56 Love.......................................58 The Concepts of Ethics Luck and chance .............................59 The Absurd ..................................6 Merit ......................................60 Accountability ................................6 Moral education..............................62 Aggression...................................8 Moral equivalence ............................64 Altruism.....................................9 Moral luck ..................................64 Authenticity .................................13 Moral realism................................65 Autonomy ..................................14 Moral responsibility...........................67 Bad faith ...................................15 Morality ....................................68 Benevolence ................................16 Motivation ..................................73 Character ...................................17 Natural law .................................74 Charity .....................................18 Naturalistic fallacy............................79 Choice .....................................21 The Other...................................80 Collective guilt ..............................22 Ought/can implication .........................81 Consent ....................................23 Perfectionism................................82 Consistency .................................24 Permissible acts ..............................84 Conversion of one’s system of beliefs.............26 Pessimism and optimism .......................85 Duty.......................................26 Power......................................87 Equality ....................................28 Practical reason ..............................91 Excellence ..................................31 Prisoner’s dilemma ...........................92 Exploitation .................................33 Property ....................................94 Fairness ....................................35 Punishment .................................95 Fatalism ....................................36 Reason and rationality .........................97 The Good...................................36 Responsibility ...............................99 Greed ......................................40 Revelation .................................103 Harm ......................................41 Right and wrong ............................105 Human nature ...............................42 Rights and obligations ........................109 Immortality .................................46 “Slippery-slope” arguments....................112 Impartiality .................................48 Tragedy ...................................113 Incommensurability...........................48 Truth .....................................114 Inequality...................................49 Value .....................................118 Intention....................................49 Values clarification ..........................121 Intrinsic good................................50 Weakness of will ............................123 Is/ought distinction ...........................51 Wickedness ................................124 ETHICS: QUESTIONS & MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTIONS / v TABLE OF CONTENTS Will ......................................125 Marxism...................................209 Work .....................................129 Maximal vs. minimal ethics....................211 Mean/ends distinction ........................212 Theories & Traditions Metaethics .................................213 Absolutism.................................136 Moral principles, rules, and imperatives ..........215 Academic freedom...........................137 Moral-sense theories .........................218 African traditional religion ....................139 Narrative ethics .............................220 Anthropomorphism of the divine ...............144 Native American ethics .......................220 Applied ethics ..............................144 Nihilism ...................................222 Aristotelian ethics ...........................146 Normative vs. descriptive ethics ................223 Atheism ...................................147 Objectivism ................................226 Cannibalism................................149 Panentheism................................227 Caste system, Hindu .........................151 Pantheism .................................228 Casuistry ..................................153 Paradoxes in ethics ..........................229 Chivalry ...................................153 Platonic ethics ..............................231 Cognitivism ................................155 Pluralism ..................................235 Communitarianism ..........................156 Post-Enlightenment ethics .....................237 Comparative ethics ..........................158 Postmodernism .............................241 Confucian ethics ............................160 Pragmatism ................................242 Consequentialism............................162 Prescriptivism ..............................244 Critical theory ..............................162 Private vs. public morality.....................245 Cynicism ..................................164 Professional ethics ...........................246 Cyrenaics ..................................166 Progressivism ..............................250 Daoist ethics ...............................167 Relativism .................................251 Deconstruction..............................168 Secular ethics...............................252 Deism.....................................171 Situational ethics ............................254 Deontological ethics .........................171 Skepticism .................................255 Determinism and freedom .....................173 Social Darwinism ...........................257 Dilemmas, moral ............................174 Sophists ...................................259 Egalitarianism ..............................176 Stoic ethics.................................259 Egoism....................................176 Subjectivism ...............................261 Egotist ....................................178 Supererogation..............................262 Emotivist ethics .............................178 Teleological ethics...........................264 Enlightenment ethics .........................180 Theory and practice ..........................265 Ethics .....................................183 Transcendentalism...........................267 Ethics/morality distinction.....................185 Universalizability............................269 Evolutionary theory ..........................185 Utilitarianism...............................269 Existentialism ..............................187 Virtue ethics................................271 Fact/value distinction.........................191 Free-riding .................................193 Theorists & Practitioners Golden mean ...............................194 Abelard, Peter ..............................274 Golden rule ................................196 Aristotle ...................................274 Hedonism..................................197 Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics ................276 Ideal observer ..............................199 Atatürk....................................277 Idealist ethics...............................199 Ayer, A. J. .................................277 Ideology...................................201 Bacon, Francis ..............................278 Intersubjectivity.............................203 Beauvoir, Simone de .........................279 Intuitionist ethics ............................204 Bentham, Jeremy ............................280 Kantian ethics ..............................206 Berdyayev, Nikolay..........................280 Libertarianism ..............................207 Bergson, Henri..............................281 vi / ETHICS: QUESTIONS & MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Boethius...................................282 Mill’s On Liberty............................326 Bradley, F. H. ..............................282 Montesquieu ...............................328 Buber’s I and Thou ..........................282 Moore, G. E. ...............................329 Camus, Albert ..............................283 More’s Utopia ..............................329 Cicero ....................................283 Nagel, Thomas..............................331 Comte, Auguste .............................284 Nietzsche, Friedrich..........................331 Confucius..................................284 Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil ..............333 Darwin, Charles.............................286 Ortega y Gasset, José.........................334 Derrida, Jacques ............................286 Orwell, George .............................334 Descartes, René .............................288 Pascal, Blaise...............................335 Dewey, John ...............................288 Peirce, Charles Sanders .......................337 Dewey’s Human Nature and Conduct............291 Perry, R. B. ................................337 Dostoevski,
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