DOCSLIB.ORG

Table of Contents

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Table of Contents Table of Contents Volume 1 Wondering about Ethics Publisher’s Note .............................xix Language ...................................53 Editors’ Introduction .........................xxi Leadership ..................................55 Contributing Scholars ........................xxv Lifestyles ...................................56 Love.......................................58 The Concepts of Ethics Luck and chance .............................59 The Absurd ..................................6 Merit ......................................60 Accountability ................................6 Moral education..............................62 Aggression...................................8 Moral equivalence ............................64 Altruism.....................................9 Moral luck ..................................64 Authenticity .................................13 Moral realism................................65 Autonomy ..................................14 Moral responsibility...........................67 Bad faith ...................................15 Morality ....................................68 Benevolence ................................16 Motivation ..................................73 Character ...................................17 Natural law .................................74 Charity .....................................18 Naturalistic fallacy............................79 Choice .....................................21 The Other...................................80 Collective guilt ..............................22 Ought/can implication .........................81 Consent ....................................23 Perfectionism................................82 Consistency .................................24 Permissible acts ..............................84 Conversion of one’s system of beliefs.............26 Pessimism and optimism .......................85 Duty.......................................26 Power......................................87 Equality ....................................28 Practical reason ..............................91 Excellence ..................................31 Prisoner’s dilemma ...........................92 Exploitation .................................33 Property ....................................94 Fairness ....................................35 Punishment .................................95 Fatalism ....................................36 Reason and rationality .........................97 The Good...................................36 Responsibility ...............................99 Greed ......................................40 Revelation .................................103 Harm ......................................41 Right and wrong ............................105 Human nature ...............................42 Rights and obligations ........................109 Immortality .................................46 “Slippery-slope” arguments....................112 Impartiality .................................48 Tragedy ...................................113 Incommensurability...........................48 Truth .....................................114 Inequality...................................49 Value .....................................118 Intention....................................49 Values clarification ..........................121 Intrinsic good................................50 Weakness of will ............................123 Is/ought distinction ...........................51 Wickedness ................................124 ETHICS: QUESTIONS & MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTIONS / v TABLE OF CONTENTS Will ......................................125 Marxism...................................209 Work .....................................129 Maximal vs. minimal ethics....................211 Mean/ends distinction ........................212 Theories & Traditions Metaethics .................................213 Absolutism.................................136 Moral principles, rules, and imperatives ..........215 Academic freedom...........................137 Moral-sense theories .........................218 African traditional religion ....................139 Narrative ethics .............................220 Anthropomorphism of the divine ...............144 Native American ethics .......................220 Applied ethics ..............................144 Nihilism ...................................222 Aristotelian ethics ...........................146 Normative vs. descriptive ethics ................223 Atheism ...................................147 Objectivism ................................226 Cannibalism................................149 Panentheism................................227 Caste system, Hindu .........................151 Pantheism .................................228 Casuistry ..................................153 Paradoxes in ethics ..........................229 Chivalry ...................................153 Platonic ethics ..............................231 Cognitivism ................................155 Pluralism ..................................235 Communitarianism ..........................156 Post-Enlightenment ethics .....................237 Comparative ethics ..........................158 Postmodernism .............................241 Confucian ethics ............................160 Pragmatism ................................242 Consequentialism............................162 Prescriptivism ..............................244 Critical theory ..............................162 Private vs. public morality.....................245 Cynicism ..................................164 Professional ethics ...........................246 Cyrenaics ..................................166 Progressivism ..............................250 Daoist ethics ...............................167 Relativism .................................251 Deconstruction..............................168 Secular ethics...............................252 Deism.....................................171 Situational ethics ............................254 Deontological ethics .........................171 Skepticism .................................255 Determinism and freedom .....................173 Social Darwinism ...........................257 Dilemmas, moral ............................174 Sophists ...................................259 Egalitarianism ..............................176 Stoic ethics.................................259 Egoism....................................176 Subjectivism ...............................261 Egotist ....................................178 Supererogation..............................262 Emotivist ethics .............................178 Teleological ethics...........................264 Enlightenment ethics .........................180 Theory and practice ..........................265 Ethics .....................................183 Transcendentalism...........................267 Ethics/morality distinction.....................185 Universalizability............................269 Evolutionary theory ..........................185 Utilitarianism...............................269 Existentialism ..............................187 Virtue ethics................................271 Fact/value distinction.........................191 Free-riding .................................193 Theorists & Practitioners Golden mean ...............................194 Abelard, Peter ..............................274 Golden rule ................................196 Aristotle ...................................274 Hedonism..................................197 Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics ................276 Ideal observer ..............................199 Atatürk....................................277 Idealist ethics...............................199 Ayer, A. J. .................................277 Ideology...................................201 Bacon, Francis ..............................278 Intersubjectivity.............................203 Beauvoir, Simone de .........................279 Intuitionist ethics ............................204 Bentham, Jeremy ............................280 Kantian ethics ..............................206 Berdyayev, Nikolay..........................280 Libertarianism ..............................207 Bergson, Henri..............................281 vi / ETHICS: QUESTIONS & MORALITY OF HUMAN ACTIONS TABLE OF CONTENTS Boethius...................................282 Mill’s On Liberty............................326 Bradley, F. H. ..............................282 Montesquieu ...............................328 Buber’s I and Thou ..........................282 Moore, G. E. ...............................329 Camus, Albert ..............................283 More’s Utopia ..............................329 Cicero ....................................283 Nagel, Thomas..............................331 Comte, Auguste .............................284 Nietzsche, Friedrich..........................331 Confucius..................................284 Nietzsche’s Beyond Good and Evil ..............333 Darwin, Charles.............................286 Ortega y Gasset, José.........................334 Derrida, Jacques ............................286 Orwell, George .............................334 Descartes, René .............................288 Pascal, Blaise...............................335 Dewey, John ...............................288 Peirce, Charles Sanders .......................337 Dewey’s Human Nature and Conduct............291 Perry, R. B. ................................337 Dostoevski,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Civil Disobedience
    Civil Disobedience Henry David Toreau Civil Disobedience Henry David Toreau Foreword by Connor Boyack Libertas Institute Salt Lake City, Utah Civil Disobedience Thoreau’s essay is out of copyright and in the public domain; this version is lightly edited for modernization. Supplemental essays are copyrighted by their respective authors and included with permission. The foreword is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License. LIBERTAS PRESS 770 E. MAIN STREET, SUITE 255 LEHI, UT 84043 Civil Disobedience / Henry David Toreau — 1st ed. First printing, June 2014 Cover Design by Ben Jenkins Manufactured in the United States of America For bulk orders, send inquiries to: [email protected] ISBN-13: 978-0-9892912-3-1 dedicated to Edward Snowden for doing what was right “Te most foolish notion of all is the belief that everything is just which is found in the customs or laws of nations. Would that be true, even if these laws had been enacted by tyrants?” “What of the many deadly, the many pestilential statutes which nations put in force? Tese no more deserve to be called laws than the rules a band of robbers might pass in their assembly. For if ignorant and unskillful men have prescribed deadly poisons instead of healing drugs, these cannot possibly be called physicians’ prescriptions; neither in a nation can a statute of any sort be called a law, even though the nation, in spite of being a ruinous regulation, has accepted it.” —Cicero Foreword by Connor Boyack Americans know Henry David Thoreau as the author of Walden, a narrative published in 1854 detailing the author’s life at Walden Pond, on property owned by his friend Ralph Waldo Emerson near Concord, Massachusetts.
    [Show full text]
  • Method: Journal of Lonergan Studies, Vol. 16, No. 1
    VOLUME16 ER 1 SPRING19 METHOD lournalof LonerganStudies VolumeL6 NumberLSPring199S PATRICK H. BYRNE CHARLESC. HEFLINC, JR. MARK D. MORELU Editor Eilitor Editor KERRYCRoNIN ANNE E. C/DONNELL Business Manager Editoial Manager CONTENTS Fredeick E. Crcnoe. 1 Editor's lntroduction BernardI . F. Lonergan 5 "Variations in Fundamental Theology" LouisRoy, O.P. 25 Schleiermacher'sEpistemology IamesSwindal 47 The Role of Cognitive Reflection in Bernard Lonergan's Moral TheologY 67 BooK REvIEws METHzD:lournal of LonerganStudies is published by The Lonergan Institute at Boston College METHoD: lournal of Lonergan Studies aims, first, at furthering interpretive, historical, and critical study of the philosophicaf theological, economic, and methodological writings of Bernard l,onergan. Secondly, it aims at promoting original research into the methodological foundations of the sciencesand disciplines. METHoD is published twice yearly, in April and October, by The Lonergan Institute at Boston College. SuBscRtPrtoNPRICE 1998: $16.00 yearly for individuals, $28.00yearly for institutions (U.S. currency). SUBSCRIPTIoNORDERS must be prepaid in U.S. funds and should be addressed to the Business Manager, Meruoo, Lonergan Center, Bapst Library, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02767-3806. Changes of address and other correspondence related to subscriptions and advertising should be sent to the same address. MANUScRIPTSshould be sent to Mark Morelli METHoD, Deparhent of Philosophy, Loyola Marymount University, Loyola Blvd. at W. 80th Street, Los Angeles, CA 9fiX5 or to Kerry Cronin, METHoD,Lonergan Center, Bapst Library, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA 02167-3806.In order to facilitate an early decisioru authors should send three copies of each manurript, double-spaced throughou! including footnotes. Submissions should be accompanied by a short biographical note.
    [Show full text]
  • Below the Belt: Situational Ethics for Uniethical Situations
    The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare Volume 7 Issue 4 July Article 2 July 1980 Below the Belt: Situational Ethics for Uniethical Situations Gale Goldberg University of Louisville Joy Elliott University of Louisville Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw Part of the Ethics and Political Philosophy Commons, and the Social Work Commons Recommended Citation Goldberg, Gale and Elliott, Joy (1980) "Below the Belt: Situational Ethics for Uniethical Situations," The Journal of Sociology & Social Welfare: Vol. 7 : Iss. 4 , Article 2. Available at: https://scholarworks.wmich.edu/jssw/vol7/iss4/2 This Article is brought to you by the Western Michigan University School of Social Work. For more information, please contact [email protected]. BELOW THE BELT: SITUATIONAL ETHICS FOR UNIETHICAL SITUATIONS Gale Goldberg, Ed.D. Jqy Elliott, M.S.S.Uj. Associate Professor Assistant Professor Kent School of Social Work Kent School of Social Work University of Louisville University of Louisville Louisville, Kentucky 40208 Louisville, Kentucky 40208 The word "politics" generally conjures up images of smoke- filled, back rooms where unscrupulous men in shirt sleeves chew their cigars and make shady deals that serve partisan interests. But politics is neither inherently shady nor specific to back rooms. In fact, as long as society is differentiated along ethnic, sex and social class lines, politics pervades all of social life. You are involved in politics and so is your mother. A statement or decision is political when either the content of the issue is viewed differently by. people from different social groups, e.g. race, sex, age, or the decision has different con- sequences for different social groups, or both.
    [Show full text]
  • Contractarian Analysis, Ethics, and Emerging Economies
    Journal of Markets & Morality 4, no. 1 (Spring 2001), 55-72 Copyright © 2001 Center for Economic Personalism Contractarian Analysis, Ethics, and Emerging Economies Timothy P. Roth Professor of Economics University of Texas at El Paso The transition from socialist to market economics is typically informed by outcomes-based social welfare theory (SWT). Institutionless, intentionally value- free SWT is ill-suited to this enterprise. The only evaluative standard to which it gives rise—efficiency—is indeterminate, and the theory is not accommodative of other dimensions of moral evaluation. By contrast, the contractarian enter- prise focuses on the role and importance of formal and informal institutions, including ethical norms. Given that individuals should be treated as moral equivalents, the project assigns lexical priority to rights and regards justice as impartiality. This explicitly normative, institutional approach permits analysis of potential conflicts between informal norms and prospective, formal rules of the games. Moreover, it underscores the instrumental and intrinsic value of rights in the transition process. Finally, the emphasis on impartiality—embodied in the generality principle—facilitates analysis of constitutional constraints on behav- ior that is inimical to the transition process. The Transition: The Consequentialist Approach It is clear that the transition from socialist to market economies has typi- cally been informed by received, consequentialist social welfare theory (here- after referred to as SWT).1 Because SWT is consequentialist, institutionless, and intentionally value-free it should come as no surprise that the standard reform prescription begins at the endpoint, an idealized market, phrasing everything in those terms, ignoring the crucial question of how reforms engage existing soci- ety.
    [Show full text]
  • ASD-Covert-Foreign-Money.Pdf
    overt C Foreign Covert Money Financial loopholes exploited by AUGUST 2020 authoritarians to fund political interference in democracies AUTHORS: Josh Rudolph and Thomas Morley © 2020 The Alliance for Securing Democracy Please direct inquiries to The Alliance for Securing Democracy at The German Marshall Fund of the United States 1700 18th Street, NW Washington, DC 20009 T 1 202 683 2650 E [email protected] This publication can be downloaded for free at https://securingdemocracy.gmfus.org/covert-foreign-money/. The views expressed in GMF publications and commentary are the views of the authors alone. Cover and map design: Kenny Nguyen Formatting design: Rachael Worthington Alliance for Securing Democracy The Alliance for Securing Democracy (ASD), a bipartisan initiative housed at the German Marshall Fund of the United States, develops comprehensive strategies to deter, defend against, and raise the costs on authoritarian efforts to undermine and interfere in democratic institutions. ASD brings together experts on disinformation, malign finance, emerging technologies, elections integrity, economic coercion, and cybersecurity, as well as regional experts, to collaborate across traditional stovepipes and develop cross-cutting frame- works. Authors Josh Rudolph Fellow for Malign Finance Thomas Morley Research Assistant Contents Executive Summary �������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������� 1 Introduction and Methodology ��������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������������
    [Show full text]
  • 'The Supreme Principle of Morality'? in the Preface to His Best
    The Supreme Principle of Morality Allen W. Wood 1. What is ‘The Supreme Principle of Morality’? In the Preface to his best known work on moral philosophy, Kant states his purpose very clearly and succinctly: “The present groundwork is, however, nothing more than the search for and establishment of the supreme principle of morality, which already constitutes an enterprise whole in its aim and to be separated from every other moral investigation” (Groundwork 4:392). This paper will deal with the outcome of the first part of this task, namely, Kant’s attempt to formulate the supreme principle of morality, which is the intended outcome of the search. It will consider this formulation in light of Kant’s conception of the historical antecedents of his attempt. Our first task, however, must be to say a little about the meaning of the term ‘supreme principle of morality’. For it is not nearly as evident to many as it was to Kant that there is such a thing at all. And it is extremely common for people, whatever position they may take on this issue, to misunderstand what a ‘supreme principle of morality’ is, what it is for, and what role it is supposed to play in moral theorizing and moral reasoning. Kant never directly presents any argument that there must be such a principle, but he does articulate several considerations that would seem to justify supposing that there is. Kant holds that moral questions are to be decided by reason. Reason, according to Kant, always seeks unity under principles, and ultimately, systematic unity under the fewest possible number of principles (Pure Reason A298-302/B355-359, A645- 650/B673-678).
    [Show full text]
  • Propaganda Revisited: a Look at Current Practice in Russia and Egypt"
    TRANSCRIPT "PROPAGANDA REVISITED: A LOOK AT CURRENT PRACTICE IN RUSSIA AND EGYPT" A Conversation With Rabab El Mahdi, Peter Pomerantsev, and Michael Weiss Moderator: Leonard Benardo ANNOUNCER: You are listening to a recording of the Open Society Foundations, working to build vibrant and tolerant democracies worldwide. Visit us at OpenSocietyFoundations.org. LEONARD BENARDO: We thought that we would have this brown bag as-- a conversation, rather than any formal presentations. And so I thought I would begin by maybe just turning first to-- to Michael and-- and Peter, and asking them very basically what is different today about propaganda as you read and interpret it, coming from the-- the-- the Russian context? Is there anything fundamentally different between disinformation today and disinformation from yesterday? PETER POMERANTSEV: Should I-- should I do my little thing first, then it'll be on tape? We-- we've been around the world doing-- I'm actually going to talk about something else today, because-- I think the argument’s moving on quite rapidly. I think that there's-- (UNINTEL)-- first what I want us to do is take a step back and see it within the context of Russia's grand strategy. So since around 2004, they've been-- their military thinking has been-- obsessed with the idea of asymmetrical. I mean, it's actually something they wrote about in the Soviet Times (?) already. But the idea of asymmetric war is essentially Russia is weaker than the West and can't TRANSCRIPT: PROPAGANDA REVISITED: A LOOK AT CURRENT PRACTICE IN RUSSIA AND EGYPT 2 take the West on militarily.
    [Show full text]
  • The Relevance of Joseph Fletcher's Situation Ethics for Animal Experimentation in Clinical Studies
    and M cal e ni d li ic C a Monday, J Clin Med Sci 2018, 2:2 l f S o c Journal of Clinical and Medical l i e a n n r c u e o s J Sciences Review Article Open Access The Relevance of Joseph Fletcher's Situation Ethics for Animal Experimentation in Clinical Studies Osebor Ikechukwu Monday* Department of General Studies (Arts and Humanities), Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku, Ogwashi-Uku, Nigeria Received: July 25, 2018; Accepted: August 27, 2018; Published: August 31, 2018 *Corresponding author: Monday OI, Department of General Studies (Arts and Humanities), Delta State Polytechnic Ogwashi-Uku, Ogwashi-Uku, Nigeria, Tel: +2348037911701; E-mail: [email protected] Copyright: © 2018 Monday OI. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the creative commons attribution license, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Abstract The need for continual progress in medical research is one among the challenges today facing humankind. On- going, necessary medical research involving animal subjects will be defended from a Utilitarian standpoint. Animal experimentation can be conducted in such a way that injury and suffering to the animal subjects can be minimized. Clinical studies have been necessary for the eradication of many diseases, such as smallpox and polio and promise similar results for other medical conditions in the future. The ethical and emotional demands placed upon the experimenter during clinical trials, as well as the suffering of the animal subjects, presents us with an ethical dilemma concerning the moral justification of animal experimentation for clinical studies.
    [Show full text]
  • The Challenge of Ethics
    The Challenge of Ethics A Center for Continuing Education 1465 Northside Drive, Suite 213 Atlanta, Georgia 30318 (404) 355-1921 – (800) 344-1921 Fax: (404) 355-1292 THE CHALLENGE OF ETHICS TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 -- The Foundation of Ethics 1 Defining Ethics 1 The History of Ethics 1 Greek Ethics 2 Roman Ethics 3 Christian-Based Ethics 3 Truth 3 Modern Day Ethics 5 The Interpretation of Ethics 5 The Philosophies of Ethics 5 Deontological Ethics 6 Virtue Ethics 7 Normative Ethics 8 Analytic Ethics (Metaethics) 8 Situational Ethics 9 Descriptive Ethics 10 Consequentialist Ethics 10 Dominant Ethical Philosophies 11 Ethical Relativism 11 The Duty of Ethics 13 The Duty of Social Virtue 14 The Duty of Responsibility 14 The Behavior of Ethics 15 Summary 16 Chapter 2 -- The Development of Personal Ethics 17 Personal Ethics 17 Developing Personal Ethics 17 Influence From Family 18 Influence of Culture 18 Influence of Religious Beliefs 19 Influence of Habits 19 Principles of Personal Ethics 20 Creating a Personal Code of Ethics 21 Chapter Three -- Business Ethics 23 Understanding Professional Ethics 23 The Importance of Ethics in Professionalism 24 Approaches To Ethical Standards 25 Common Good Approach 25 Fairness or Justice Approach 26 Moral Rights Approach 26 Utilitarian Approach 26 Universalism Approach 27 Virtue Approach 28 Steps in Ethical Decision Making 28 Identifying the Situation 28 Determine Who’ll be Affected by The Decision 28 Assess Relevant Aspects Of The Situation 29 Relevant Formal Ethical Standards Review 29 Review Relevant
    [Show full text]
  • Edward Friedman's Reflections on the Revolution in China
    Edward Friedman’s Reflections on the Revolution in China Bruce Gilley, Portland State University The largest number of all drifted away, speechless and agog, until the years had passed and they could no longer remember having participated in the New Left and its several manias and fanaticisms…the kind of people who, in their respectable middle age today, would indignantly deny having ever been anything but ardent liberals. – Paul Berman, Power and the Idealists Updated: 22 September 2009 Edward Friedman’s views on China’s revolution have evolved from an enthusiastic embrace in his early decades to a disgusted rejection in his mature years. More recently, Friedman has sought to reclaim a positive view of revolutions, while continuing his critique of the China case. Friedman’s views thus track the full arc of normative views on revolutions: radical, conservative, and liberal. Reading Friedman on China’s revolution is to be reminded of how normative ideas and political realities are in constant conversation. It is also to be reminded of why the study of revolution cannot evade the case of China. The Radical Phase: 1965 to 1977 Friedman began his intellectual life as an admirer of the communist revolution in China. Like many in the Western academy, he saw Asian revolutions as progressive strikes against Western imperialism and exploitation. In 1966, Friedman wrote that Mao’s Hundred Flowers campaign of 1956 showed that China’s revolution was “an attempt to realize a liberalizing vision connecting increased freedoms with rapid progress, the vision of the united front, the promise of the new democracy.”1 The CCP had won legitimacy through “humane reforms creating the basis of a better society”.
    [Show full text]
  • Dónal P. O'mathúna · Vilius Dranseika Bert Gordijn Editors
    Advancing Global Bioethics 11 Dónal P. O’Mathúna · Vilius Dranseika Bert Gordijn Editors Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories Advancing Global Bioethics Volume 11 Series editors Henk A.M.J. ten Have Duquesne University Pittsburgh, USA Bert Gordijn Institute of Ethics Dublin City University Dublin, Ireland The book series Global Bioethics provides a forum for normative analysis of a vast range of important new issues in bioethics from a truly global perspective and with a cross-cultural approach. The issues covered by the series include among other things sponsorship of research and education, scientific misconduct and research integrity, exploitation of research participants in resource-poor settings, brain drain and migration of healthcare workers, organ trafficking and transplant tourism, indigenous medicine, biodiversity, commodification of human tissue, benefit sharing, bio-industry and food, malnutrition and hunger, human rights, and climate change. More information about this series at http://www.springer.com/series/10420 Dónal P. O’Mathúna • Vilius Dranseika Bert Gordijn Editors Disasters: Core Concepts and Ethical Theories Editors Dónal P. O’Mathúna Vilius Dranseika School of Nursing and Human Sciences Vilnius University Dublin City University Vilnius, Lithuania Dublin, Ireland College of Nursing The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio, USA Bert Gordijn Institute of Ethics Dublin City University Dublin, Ireland This publication is based upon work from COST Action IS1201, supported by COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology). COST (European Cooperation in Science and Technology) is a funding agency for research and innovation networks - www.cost.eu. Our Actions help connect research initiatives across Europe and enable scientists to grow their ideas by sharing them with their peers.
    [Show full text]
  • Ethics for A-Level for AQA Philosophy and OCR Religious Studies
    Ethics for A-Level For AQA Philosophy and OCR Religious Studies MARK DIMMOCK AND ANDREW FISHER To access digital resources including: blog posts videos online appendices and to purchase copies of this book in: hardback paperback ebook editions Go to: https://www.openbookpublishers.com/product/639 Open Book Publishers is a non-profit independent initiative. We rely on sales and donations to continue publishing high-quality academic works. Ethics for A-Level Mark Dimmock and Andrew Fisher https://www.openbookpublishers.com © 2017 Mark Dimmock and Andrew Fisher This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the authors (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Mark Dimmock and Andrew Fisher, Ethics for A-Level. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2017, https:// doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0125 In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit https://www. openbookpublishers.com/product/639#copyright Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ All external links were active at the time of publication unless otherwise stated and have been archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine at https://archive.org/web Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at https://www.openbookpublishers. com/product/639#resources ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-388-9 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-389-6 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-390-2 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-391-9 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 978-1-78374-392-6 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0125 Cover image: Malaysia from the Sky, photo by Ishan @seefromthesky.
    [Show full text]