DOCSLIB.ORG

Tnnessee Univ., Knoxville. Environment Center. SPONS.AGENCY Tennessee State Dept

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Tnnessee Univ., Knoxville. Environment Center. SPONS.AGENCY Tennessee State Dept DOCUMENT RESUME ED 137 100 SE 022 303 AUTHOR Wert, Jonathan; And Others TITLE Ideas and Activities for Teaching Energy Conservation: Grades 7-12. INSTITUTION Tnnessee Univ., Knoxville. Environment Center. SPONS.AGENCY Tennessee State Dept. of Education, Nashville.; Tennessee Univ., Knoxville. State Agency for Title I. PUB DATE Jan 77 NOTE 223p.; Not available in hard copy-due to colored pages throughout entire document EDRS PRICE MF-$0.83 Plus Postage. HC Not Available ftom EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *ConservatiOn Edacation; *Energy; *Instructional Materials; Interdisciplinary Approach; Language Arts; *Natural Resources; Sciences; *Secondary Education; Social Studies; Teaching Guidas ABSTRACT This publication contains a variety of ideas and materials for teaching about energy in grades 7-12. Topic areas include:(1) Historical Perspective on Energy;(2) Energy Resources; (3) Energy Conservation;(4) Ideas and Activities; and (5) Appendices. The first three sections provide background information on energy and conservation. The activities include ideas to use in science, social studies, language arts, and multidisciplinary areas. The appendices include a variety of useful tables of data, basic information on energy, a glossary, and a bibliography.(RH) *********************************************************************** Documents acquired by ERIC include many informal unpublished * materials not available from other sources. ERIC makes every effort * * to obtain the best copy available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions:RRIC makes available * * via the ERIC Document Reproduction Service (EDRS). EDRS is not * responsible for the quality of the original document. Reproducticrs * * supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original. **********************************A******************************#***** S DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH, EDUCATION & WELFRE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION T. DOCumENTHal, VEEN PErizO DUC ED 1.ACTLY S PECUIvED IPOM T.E PERSON OR 1:44(..AN;ZA nON ORIGIN a TING IT PQIN TS OF v,EA OP OPINIONS STATED Cp.:. NOT NEC E ERE SENT OF-LiCiAL NA 7 tONAL iNST1TUTE OF En.....CATouN Pos.,or, OP POL ,Cv ./ 0 IDEAS AND ACTIVITIES FOR TEACHING ENERGY CONSERVATION: GRADES 7-12 PREPARED FOR THE TENNESSEE ENERGY OFFICE THE TENNESSEE STATE DEPARTMENT OF EDUC4TION THE TENNESSEE -TATE AGENCY FOR TITLE I(HEA) BEST COPYAVAILABLE BY THE UNIVERSITY OF TENNESSEE ENVIRONMENT CENTER SOUTH STADIUM HALL_ KNOXVILLE, TENNESSEE 57916 JANUARY 1977 MOP 3 FOREWORD In recent years aZZ of us have become increasingZy concerned about the energy situation and its important role in our Zives. For years our growing standard of Ziving has required more and more energy. Experts now tell us that unless some immediate steps are taken we wiZZ not be able to provide for the energy needs of our people in the future. OiZ and naturaZ gas supplies may Zast another thirty years. Our most abundant energy source, coaZ, couZd be sufficient for tvo hundred years. New research and tech- noZogy can alleviate part of the problem but an immediate source of relief can be the reduction of energy use.An effective energy conservation program can result in sub- stantiaZ savings in energy consumption and extend the longevity of energy supplies. This energy publication has been developed to in- crease awareness and understanding of the energysituation and hopefully to encourage each individual to become an energy conservationist. The material has been designed with an interdisciplinary approach and an attempt has been made to provide a flexible document which may be aZtered to fit your ZocaZ needs. As you KnOW, our State has Zong been recognized as a nationaZ center for energy development andproduction. From the earZy history of the Tennessee Valley Authority to the Energy Research and DeveZopment thninistration (ERDA) at Oak Ridge, we have been heavily invoZved in this impor- tant task. We hope that our State may continue to be a lea2er in the energy fieZd by implementing a successft, energy conservation program. hope that you will find this pubZication usefuZ in your classrooms as a resource fOr developing a ZocaZ energy conservation program. ---SAM H. INGRAM Commissioner of Education 4 1 I ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The preliminary edition of this curriculum guide(entitled "A Teacher's Guide for Energy Conservation") was developed by the EnvironmentCenter of The University of Tennessee (UTEC). It was prepared by means of funds from the Tennessee Energy Office (TEO), the State Agency for Title I(HEA), and the Tennessee State Department of Education (SDE). Nearly 100 energy resource specialists and educators evaluated thefirst edition and 26 teachers field-tested the Guide in their classrooms. This evaluation feedback was used to develop a completely new guide entitled "Ideasand Activities for Teaching Energy Conservation: Grades 7-12." Again, support was received from TEO, Title I(HEA), and SDE, with evaluation again provided by Tennessee educators, including Joe Minor, Johnraines, Jerry Rice, Jack Rhoton, Jerry Warner, Lanny Moore, Williar Nelson,Doris Head, and Larry Fraley. Contents of the guide were developed through the cooperation,contribu- tions, and efforts of many UTEC staff members.Jonathan Wert was respon- sible for developing and writing the activities, with some assistance from John Judy, and for overseeing the initial compilation, by RoseEllis, of portions of the material included in the barAgrounddiscussions. Nancy Collins prepared the final versions of the background material, critically edited the entire guide, and supervised the typing, layout, andproduc- tion. John Gibbons, UTEC Director, reviewed the publication fortechnical accuracy and currency. The Bibliography, Glossary, and Appendices are the result of the combined efforts of Jon Wert, Nancy Collins, Sherrybeard, Rose Ellis, and Joyce Finney. Mary Yoder prepared the illustrations. Pam Stewart typed the drafts and Becky SLith typed thecamera-ready copy. The State Department of Education and the Tennessee EnergyOffice printed and distributed copies of the guide to Tonnessee teachers. III TABLE OF cONTENTS w SECTION PAGE 1. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES ON ENERGY 1 World Energy Needs Through the Nineteenth Century 3 American Energy Perspectives: 1800-1974 5 The U.S. Energy Problem 9 ENERGY RESOURCES 15 Renewable and Nonrenewable Energy Resources 17 Nonrenewable Resources 17 Coal 17 Natural Gas 17 Oil 18 Uranium 18 Renewable Resources 18 Solar 18 Geothermal 19 Wind 19 Tidal 19 Hydro (water) 20 Wood 20 Refuse 20 Fusion 20 Methods of Transporting Energy 21 Methods of Storing Energy 22 Patterns of Consumption by Sector 23 6 Future Trends in Energy Consumption 25 Exxon's Projection Assumptions 26 Industrial Energy Consumption 27 Transportation Energy Consumption 27 Residential/Commercial Energy Consumption 28 Summary and Conclusion 28 3. ENERGY CONSERVATION 31 Why Energy Conservation? The Role of the Teacher 33 An Energy Conservation Ethic 34 Energy Conservation Activities 36 4 IDEAS AND ACTIVITIES 39 Introduction 41 Science 7-9 1. The Petroleum Situation Objective: To help students develop an under- standing of petroleum use and availability in Tennessee, the nation, and wortd. 43 2. The Coa, 3ituation Objective: To help students develop an under- standing of coal use and availability in Tennessee, the nation, and world. 45 3. The Natural Gas Situation Objective: To help students develop n under- standing of natural gas in Tennessee, the nation, and world 47 4. The Solar Energy Situation Objective: To help students develop an under- standing of solar energy technology and its potential use in Tennessee, the United States, and other countries. 49 5. The Hydroelectric Dam Situation Objective: To provide students with an under- standing of hydroelectric power generation, its present use, and its future potential in Tennessee. 51 7 6. The Increasing Need for Electricity Objective: To help students understand why we have an increasing need forel.ectricity. 53 7. Energy Conservation at Home Objective: To help students gain an awareness of energy use and waste in the home. .. 55 8. Home Insulation Objective: To heZp students become familiar with the types of insulation available, their uses, advantages,disadvantages, and costs. 59 9. Storm Windows and Doors Objective: To familiarize students with the costs and savings of using storm windows and doors. 61 10. Your Utility Bill Objective: To familiarize students with the cost of energy in the home 63 11. Heating and Cooling School Buildings Objective: To acquaint students with space heating and cooling in their school building. 65 12. Energy Flow Through a Food Chain Objective: To help students understand how energy from food is used, transferred,and lost, . 67 Science 10-12 13. The Nuclear Reactor Objective: TO help students develop an under- standing cf the ucclear reactor and its poten- tial for producing electricity. 69 14. An Energy Resource Center Cbjective: To provide students with an oppor- tunity to work with energy education/consel-vation information. 73 15. An Energy Education Lesson Plan for Elementary School Students Objective: To give high school students the opportunity tn prepare an energy education program and present it to younger students. 75 8 kJ' 16. Nants and Energy Conservation Objective: To familiarize students with the influence vegetation on the school grounds can have on energy c,nsumption in the school building. , 77 17. Pollution,
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives
    Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 1 2 Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California: Quality Careers—Cleaner Lives Environmental and Economic Benefits of Building Solar in California Quality Careers — Cleaner Lives DONALD VIAL CENTER ON EMPLOYMENT IN THE GREEN ECONOMY Institute for Research on Labor and Employment University of California, Berkeley November 10, 2014 By Peter Philips, Ph.D. Professor of Economics, University of Utah Visiting Scholar, University of California, Berkeley, Institute for Research on Labor and Employment Peter Philips | Donald Vial Center on Employment in the Green Economy | November 2014 3 About the Author Peter Philips (B.A. Pomona College, M.A., Ph.D. Stanford University) is a Professor of Economics and former Chair of the Economics Department at the University of Utah. Philips is a leading economic expert on the U.S. construction labor market. He has published widely on the topic and has testified as an expert in the U.S. Court of Federal Claims, served as an expert for the U.S. Justice Department in litigation concerning the Davis-Bacon Act (the federal prevailing wage law), and presented testimony to state legislative committees in Ohio, Indiana, Kansas, Oklahoma, New Mexico, Utah, Kentucky, Connecticut, and California regarding the regulations of construction labor markets.
    [Show full text]
  • Environmental Assessment
    Environmental Assessment Turning Point Solar Generating Project Noble County, Ohio Turning Point Solar LLC U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Utilities Service (RUS) Please submit questions or written comments to: Lauren McGee Environmental Scientist USDA/RUS 1400 Independence Ave., SW Mail Stop 1571 Washington, DC 20250-1571 Phone: (202) 720-1482 Fax: (202) 690-0649 Email: [email protected] ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT TURNING POINT SOLAR PROJECT Brookfield Township, Noble County, Ohio Prepared for: U.S. Department of Agriculture Rural Utilities Service January 2012 Prepared by: URS Corporation Cleveland, Ohio Rural Utilities Service Turning Point Solar Project TABLE OF CONTENTS Page No. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.....................................................................................................ES-1 1.0 PURPOSE AND NEED FOR THE PROPOSED ACTION.............................................1-1 1.1 Introduction ...............................................................................................................1-1 1.2 Proposed Action.........................................................................................................1-3 1.3 Applicant’s Purpose and Need ..................................................................................1-5 2.0 ALTERNATIVES ANALYSIS AND DESCRIPTION OF PROPOSED ACTION......................................................................................................................................2-1 2.1 Project Alternatives That Meet the Purpose and Need...............................................2-1
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support
    U.S. Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support Michaela D. Platzer Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business January 27, 2015 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42509 U.S. Solar PV Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support Summary Every President since Richard Nixon has sought to increase U.S. energy supply diversity. Job creation and the development of a domestic renewable energy manufacturing base have joined national security and environmental concerns as reasons for promoting the manufacturing of solar power equipment in the United States. The federal government maintains a variety of tax credits and targeted research and development programs to encourage the solar manufacturing sector, and state-level mandates that utilities obtain specified percentages of their electricity from renewable sources have bolstered demand for large solar projects. The most widely used solar technology involves photovoltaic (PV) solar modules, which draw on semiconducting materials to convert sunlight into electricity. By year-end 2013, the total number of grid-connected PV systems nationwide reached more than 445,000. Domestic demand is met both by imports and by about 75 U.S. manufacturing facilities employing upwards of 30,000 U.S. workers in 2014. Production is clustered in a few states including California, Ohio, Oregon, Texas, and Washington. Domestic PV manufacturers operate in a dynamic, volatile, and highly competitive global market now dominated by Chinese and Taiwanese companies. China alone accounted for nearly 70% of total solar module production in 2013. Some PV manufacturers have expanded their operations beyond China to places like Malaysia, the Philippines, and Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Powering Indiana's Economic Future November 2020 Powering Indiana’S Economic Future
    POWERING INDIANA'S ECONOMIC FUTURE NOVEMBER 2020 POWERING INDIANA’S ECONOMIC FUTURE This study was made possible through these supporting organizations and the work of the Advisory Council, co-chaired by Ron Christian and Tom Easterday. We thank them for their efforts: Champion: Advisory Council* Kari Fluegel, Alcoa Corporation Evan Midler, Alliance Resource Partners Cyril Martinand, ArcelorMittal Susan Zlajic, ArcleorMittal Wendell Carter, ArcelorMittal Mike Crossey, CountryMark Stan Pinegar, Duke Energy Gold: Amy Kurt, EDP Renewables Scott Glaze, Fort Wayne Metals Jean Neel, Haynes International, Inc. Matt Prine, Indiana American Water John Gasstrom, Indiana Electric Cooperatives Danielle McGrath, Indiana Energy Association Brian Bergsma, Indiana Michigan Power Joe Rompala, INDIEC Silver: Nick Heiny, Metal Technologies, Inc. Alliance Resource Partners Melissa Seymour, MISO ArcelorMittal Brandon Seitz, NIPSCO CountryMark Tom Easterday, North American Subaru, Inc. Fort Wayne Metals Sam Schlosser, Plymouth Foundry Haynes International Ron Christian, Retired-Vectren Indiana American Water Rachel Hazaray, Subaru of Indiana Automotive, Inc. Indiana Electric Cooperatives Jamalyn Sarver, Sunrise Coal Indiana Energy Association Mike Roeder, Vectren, A CenterPoint Energy Company INDIEC (Indiana Industrial Energy Consumers) Steve Chriss, Walmart Inc. Metal Technologies Kevin Thompson, Walmart Inc. NIPSCO Subaru of Indiana Automotive *The Indiana Chamber of Commerce Foundation commissioned Sunrise Coal London Economics International LLC (LEI) to
    [Show full text]
  • Utility-Scale Solar: Empirical Trends in Project Technology, Cost
    Empirical Trends in Project Technology, Cost, Performance, and PPA Pricing in the United States – 2018 Edition Authors: Mark Bolinger, Joachim Seel Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory September 2018 Table of Contents List of Acronyms ................................................................................................................................. i Executive Summary........................................................................................................................... ii 1. Introduction .................................................................................................................................... 1 2. Utility-Scale Photovoltaics (PV) ................................................................................................. 5 2.1 Installation and Technology Trends Among the PV Project Population (590 projects, 20.5 GWAC) 6 The Southeast became the new national leader in solar growth 6 Tracking c-Si projects continued to dominate 2017 additions 8 More projects at lower insolation sites, fixed-tilt mounts crowded out of sunny areas 10 Developers continued to favor larger module arrays relative to inverter capacity 12 2.2 Installed Project Prices (506 projects, 18.7 GWAC) 14 Median prices fell to $2.0/WAC ($1.6/WDC) in 2017 15 The price premium for tracking over fixed-tilt installations seemingly disappeared 16 Faint evidence of economies of scale among our 2017 sample 17 System prices varied by region 18 2.3 Operation and Maintenance Costs (39 projects, 0.8 GWAC) 21 2.4 Capacity Factors (392 projects, 16.1 GWAC) 23 Wide range in capacity factors reflects differences in insolation, tracking, and ILR 23 More recent project vintages exhibited higher capacity factors 26 Performance degradation is evident, but is difficult to assess and attribute at the project level 27 2.5 Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) Prices (232 contracts, 14.5 GWAC) 30 PPA prices have fallen dramatically, in all regions of the country 32 Solar’s largely non-escalating and stable pricing can hedge against fuel price risk 39 3.
    [Show full text]
  • Rhone Resch, President & Ceo Solar Energy Industries Association
    TESTIMONY OF RHONE RESCH, PRESIDENT & CEO SOLAR ENERGY INDUSTRIES ASSOCIATION BEFORE THE HOUSE COMMITTEE ON NATURAL RESOURCES HEARING ON IDENTIFYING ROADBLOCKS TO WIND AND SOLAR ENERGY ON PUBLIC LANDS AND WATERS, PART II: THE WIND AND SOLAR INDUSTRY PERSPECTIVE JUNE 1, 2011 Solar Energy Industries Association 575 7th Street NW, Suite 400 Washington, DC 20004 (202) 682-0556 www.seia.org Mr. Chairman and Members of the Committee, Thank you for the opportunity to submit testimony on roadblocks to solar energy development on public lands. I am Rhone Resch, the President and CEO of the Solar Energy Industries Association (SEIA). I am testifying on behalf of our 1,000 member companies and 100,000 American citizens employed by the solar industry. SEIA represents the entire solar industry, encompassing all major solar technologies (photovoltaics, concentrating solar power and solar water heating1) and all points in the value chain, including financiers, project developers, component manufacturers and solar installers. Before I begin my testimony, let me thank Chairman Hastings and Ranking Member Markey for their leadership and support of solar energy. We are grateful that the Committee recognizes the important role that our public lands play in the deployment of solar energy. I. Introduction Established in 1974, the Solar Energy Industries Association is the national trade association of the U.S. solar energy industry. Through advocacy and education, SEIA and its 1,000 member companies are building a strong solar industry to power America. As the voice of the industry, SEIA works to make solar a mainstream and significant energy source by expanding markets, removing market barriers, strengthening the industry and educating the public on the benefits of solar energy.
    [Show full text]
  • Major Solar Projects.Xlsx
    Utility‐Scale Solar Projects in the United States Operating, Under Construction, or Under Development Updated January 17, 2012 Overview This list is for informational purposes only, reflecting projects and completed milestones in the public domain. The information in this list was gathered from public announcements of solar projects in the form of company press releases, news releases, and, in some cases, conversations with individual developers. It is not a comprehensive list of all utility‐scale solar projects under development. This list may be missing smaller projects that are not publicly announced. Particularly, many smaller projects located outside of California that are built on a short time‐scale may be underrepresented on this list. Also, SEIA does not guarantee that every identified project will be built. Like any other industry, market conditions may impact project economics and timelines. SEIA will remove a project if it is publicly announced that it has been cancelled. SEIA actively promotes public policy that minimizes regulatory uncertainty and encourages the accelerated deployment of utility‐scale solar power. This list includes ground‐mounted utility‐scale solar power plants larger than 1 MW that directly feed into the transmission grid. This list does not include large "behind the meter" projects that only serve on‐site load. One exception to this is large projects on military bases that only serve the base (see, for example, Nellis Air Force Base). While utility‐scale solar is a large and growing segment of the U.S. solar industry, cumulative installations for residential and non‐residential (commercial, non‐profit and government) solar total 841 MW and 1,634 MW, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Solar Cell Power in Your Home and Your Workplace
    1889545554 < The solar cell power in your home and your workplace - all you need to know ~ eBook The solar cell power in your home and your workplace - all you need to know Stefan University Press - Solar Photovoltaic Cell Basics Description: - - United Nations -- Belarus. Building-integrated photovoltaic systems -- Popular works Solar cells -- Popular works Photovoltaic power systems -- Popular worksThe solar cell power in your home and your workplace - all you need to know - The Stefan University Press series on frontiers in science and technology Honor and heroismThe solar cell power in your home and your workplace - all you need to know Notes: Includes bibliographical references and index. This edition was published in 2009 Filesize: 54.41 MB Tags: #All #you #need #to #know #about #Solar #Battery #Lifespan Solar Power in Tennessee: All you need to Know! SolarCity CEO Lyndon Rive argues that his REC-less customers are still part of the climate solution by creating the RECs in the first place. When even more power is needed, multiple PWRcell batteries can be connected to a single PWRcell inverter for up to 36kWh of storage capacity and 11kW continuous backup power. All you need to know about Solar Battery Lifespan The National Renewable Energy Laboratory has an excellent. The Problem With Rooftop Solar That Nobody Is Talking About Solar power is also efficient although its actual level of efficiency is debated by some experts and free of pollution. Generator A generator is not really considered a photovoltaic component and is not one of the most necessary solar power components. Solar Power in Oklahoma: All you need to Know! Maybe you've considered solar energy - even if only for a brief moment - only to dismiss it as too complicated and too expensive, or maybe you're seriously considering a project, but don't know where to start.
    [Show full text]
  • A Roadmap for Tennessee's Advanced Energy Economy
    A Roadmap for Tennessee’s Advanced Energy Economy Tennessee Advanced Energy Business Council June 2014 www.TNAdvancedEnergy.com Introduction Supported by a variety of national and regional economic indicators, there is increasing evidence that Tennessee’s advanced energy sector is poised for a period of sustained growth. The Tennessee Advanced Energy Business Council (TAEBC) was created to help facilitate this growth by championing the use and manufacture of advanced energy technologies as an economic development strategy. With an overview of the existing companies and research institutions in Tennessee that together form the foundation for continued growth of the design, manufacture and installation of advanced energy technologies, the Roadmap for Tennessee’s Advanced Energy Economy seeks to provide the context for decisions by business and government leaders that could make a lasting contribution to Tennessee’s economic base over the next decade. Our optimism is well-founded. The Advanced Energy Now 2014 Market Report1, published by Advanced Energy Economy, indicated strong growth globally and nationwide in the advanced energy market. Globally, advanced energy represents a $1.1 trillion dollar market. With estimated revenues in 2013 of $169 billion, the U.S. now represents 15 percent of the world market, up from 11 percent in 2011. More significant, excluding wind, U.S. advanced energy revenue grew 18 percent from 2011 to 2012 and 14 percent from 2012 to 2013. The most dramatic growth occurred in Solar PV revenue, which experienced a two-year increase from $8.2 billion to $16.2 billion, making the U.S. the world’s third-largest market for solar PV.
    [Show full text]
  • Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support
    U.S. Solar Photovoltaic Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support Michaela D. Platzer Specialist in Industrial Organization and Business April 27, 2012 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R42509 CRS Report for Congress Prepared for Members and Committees of Congress U.S. Solar PV Manufacturing: Industry Trends, Global Competition, Federal Support Summary Every president since Richard Nixon has sought to increase U.S. energy supply diversity. In recent years, job creation and the development of a domestic renewable energy manufacturing base have joined national security and environmental concerns as rationales for promoting the manufacturing of solar power equipment in the United States. The federal government maintains a variety of tax credits, loan guarantees, and targeted research and development programs to encourage the solar manufacturing sector, and state-level mandates that utilities obtain specified percentages of their electricity from renewable sources have bolstered demand for large solar projects. The most widely used solar technology involves photovoltaic (PV) solar modules, which draw on semiconducting materials to convert sunlight into electricity. By year-end 2011, the total number of grid-connected PV systems nationwide reached almost 215,000. Domestic demand is met both by imports and by about 100 U.S. manufacturing facilities employing an estimated 25,000 U.S. workers in 2011. Production is clustered in a few states, including California, Oregon, Texas, and Ohio. Domestic PV manufacturers operate in a dynamic and highly competitive global market now dominated by Chinese and Taiwanese companies. All major PV solar manufacturers maintain global sourcing strategies; the only U.S.-based manufacturer ranked among the top ten global cell producers in 2010 sourced the majority of its panels from its factory in Malaysia.
    [Show full text]
  • Solar Case Studies Table of Contents Summary
    Solar Case Studies Table of Contents Summary . 3 Tri-County Electric Cooperative . 4 Southern Maryland Electric Cooperative . 8 San Miguel Power Association . 13 Okanogan County Electric Cooperative . 19 Green Power EMC . 25 Cherryland Electric Cooperative . 29 Kit Carson Electric Cooperative . 38 Great River Energy . 46 Summary Fast evolving technologies and policy initiatives are transforming all sectors of the elec- tric utility industry, including electric cooperatives. No energy source is changing faster or generating more questions than solar energy. Promoted by federal and state mandates and financial incentives, the use of photovolta- ic panels to produce electricity is surging. Declining system costs have made the tech- nology more affordable and further juiced the solar surge. That growth, however, is not without consequences for how cooperatives do business. There are serious implications, financial, technical and strategic. As solar generation's capacity grows and solar power's cost continues to decrease, non-utility providers are inviting consumers to choose solar for a portion of their elec- tric power needs. Many electric cooperatives are wrestling with the question of how to respond. Is solar a promising opportunity for future growth? Or is it a competitive threat to cooperatives’ core business? Electric cooperatives are embracing the challenge and in many places leading the way in bringing solar energy to people. Across the country, co-ops have almost 240 megawatts of solar capacity online or on the drawing board. By empowering their consumer-mem- bers to have a role in determining how their energy needs are met, cooperatives provide innovative solutions that balance their business priorities and consumer goals while ensuring reliable, affordable and sustainable electric power for all.
    [Show full text]
  • Utility-Scale Solar Projects in The
    APL000043 10/21/2011 UtilityScaleSolarProjectsintheUnitedStates Operating,UnderConstruction,orUnderDevelopment UpdatedOctober14,2011 Overview Thislistisforinformationalpurposesonly,reflectingprojectsandcompletedmilestonesinthepublicdomain.Theinformationinthislistwasgathered frompublicannouncementsofsolarprojectsintheformofcompanypressreleases,newsreleases,and,insomecases,conversationswithindividual developers.Itisnotacomprehensivelistofallutilityscalesolarprojectsunderdevelopment.Thislistmaybemissingsmallerprojectsthatarenot publiclyannounced.Particularly,manysmallerprojectslocatedoutsideofCaliforniathatarebuiltonashorttimescalemaybeunderrepresentedon thislist.Also,SEIAdoesnotguaranteethateveryidentifiedprojectwillbebuilt.Likeanyotherindustry,marketconditionsmayimpactproject economicsandtimelines.SEIAwillremoveaprojectifitispubliclyannouncedthatithasbeencancelled.SEIAactivelypromotespublicpolicythat minimizesregulatoryuncertaintyandencouragestheaccelerateddeploymentofutilityscalesolarpower. Thislistincludesgroundmountedutilityscalesolarpowerplantslargerthan1MWthatdirectlyfeedintothetransmissiongrid.Thislistdoesnot includelarge"behindthemeter"projectsthatonlyserveonsiteload.Oneexceptiontothisislargeprojectsonmilitarybasesthatonlyservethebase (see,forexample,NellisAirForceBase). WhileutilityscalesolarisalargeandgrowingsegmentoftheU.S.solarindustry,cumulativeinstallationsforresidentialandnonresidential (commercial,nonprofitandgovernment)solartotal712MWand1,233MW,respectively.FormoreinformationontheU.S.solarmarket,visit www.seia.org/cs/research/solarinsight.
    [Show full text]