Green Jobs Created by Global Warming Initiatives Hearing
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S. HRG. 110–1202 GREEN JOBS CREATED BY GLOBAL WARMING INITIATIVES HEARING BEFORE THE COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS UNITED STATES SENATE ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION SEPTEMBER 25, 2007 Printed for the use of the Committee on Environment and Public Works ( Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress.senate U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 73–571 PDF WASHINGTON : 2013 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2104 Mail: Stop IDCC, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS ONE HUNDRED TENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION BARBARA BOXER, California, Chairman MAX BAUCUS, Montana JAMES M. INHOFE, Oklahoma JOSEPH I. LIEBERMAN, Connecticut JOHN W. WARNER, Virginia THOMAS R. CARPER, Delaware GEORGE V. VOINOVICH, Ohio HILLARY RODHAM CLINTON, New York JOHNNY ISAKSON, Georgia FRANK R. LAUTENBERG, New Jersey DAVID VITTER, Louisiana BENJAMIN L. CARDIN, Maryland JOHN BARRASSO, Wyoming1 BERNARD SANDERS, Vermont LARRY E. CRAIG, Idaho AMY KLOBUCHAR, Minnesota LAMAR ALEXANDER, Tennessee SHELDON WHITEHOUSE, Rhode Island CHRISTOPHER S. BOND, Missouri BETTINA POIRIER, Majority Staff Director and Chief Counsel ANDREW WHEELER, Minority Staff Director 1Note: During the 110th Congress, Senator Craig Thomas, of Wyoming, passed away on June 4, 2007. Senator John Barrasso, of Wyoming, joined the committee on July 10, 2007. (II) CONTENTS Page September 25, 2007 OPENING STATEMENTS Boxer, Hon. Barbara, U.S. Senator from the State of California ........................ 1 Inhofe, Hon. James M., U.S. Senator from the State of Oklahoma .................... 2 Sanders, Hon. Bernard, U.S. Senator from the State of Vermont ....................... 30 Cardin, Hon. Benjamin L., U.S. Senator from the State of Maryland ................ 209 WITNESSES: Sigmar, Gabriel, Federal Minister for Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety, Federal Republic of Germany .................................................. 32 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 34 Responses to additional questions from Senator Boxer ................................ 35 Armey, Richard K., Chairman, Freedomworks ..................................................... 87 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 88 Khosla, Vinod, Founder, Khosla Ventures ............................................................ 91 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 93 Respspnse to an additional Question from Senator Boxer ............................ 106 Ringo, Jerome, President, Apollo Alliance ............................................................. 108 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 110 Winegarden, Wayne, Partner, Arduin, Laffer and Moore Econometrics ............. 114 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 116 Responses to additional questions from Senator Boxer ................................ 118 Berrigan, Carol, Director of Industry Infrastructure, Nuclear Energy Insti- tute ........................................................................................................................ 143 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 144 Responses to additional questions from: Senator Boxer ............................................................................................ 147 Senator Inhofe ........................................................................................... 148 Klobuchar, Hon. Amy, U.S. Senator from the State of Minnesota ...................... 154 Kammen, Daniel, Professor of Energy and Society, Professor of Public Policy in the Goldman School, Professor of Nuclear Engineering, and Director of the Renewable and Appropriate Energy Laboratory, University of Cali- fornia, Berkeley .................................................................................................... 156 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 158 Green, Kenneth, Visiting Fellow, American Enterprise Institute for Public Policy Research .................................................................................................... 166 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 168 Responses to additional questions from Senator Inhofe ............................... 170 Blittersdorf, David, CEO, Earth Turbines; Founder, NRG Systems ................... 185 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 186 Responses to additional questions from Senator Boxer ................................ 189 Culpepper, Mark, Vice President of Strategic Marketing, SunEdison ................ 190 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 192 Responses to additional questions from Senator Boxer ................................ 195 Gilligan, Donald, President, National Association of Energy Service Compa- nies ........................................................................................................................ 196 Prepared statement .......................................................................................... 197 Response to an additional question from Senator Boxer .............................. 202 (III) IV Page ADDITIONAL MATERIAL Letter from The Center for American Progress .................................................... 214 Statements from: Apollo Alliance Urban Habitat ................................................................. 218 The Nature Conservancy .......................................................................... 241 GREEN JOBS CREATED BY GLOBAL WARMING INITIATIVES TUESDAY, SEPTEMBER 25, 2007 U.S. SENATE, COMMITTEE ON ENVIRONMENT AND PUBLIC WORKS, Washington, DC. The full committee met, pursuant to notice, at 2 p.m. in room 406, Dirksen Senate Office Building, the Hon. Barbara Boxer (chairman of the committee) presiding. Present: Senators Boxer, Inhofe, Lautenberg, Sanders, Alex- ander, Klobuchar, Barrasso OPENING STATEMENT OF HON. BARBARA BOXER, U.S. SENATOR FROM THE STATE OF CALIFORNIA Senator BOXER. The hearing will come to order. I want to wel- come all of our distinguished panelists. Lovely to see you here. When Senator Inhofe came in, he jokingly said our honeymoon is over because yesterday we worked so closely together on the water infrastructure of the Country, and global warming, we view it a little differently. But speaking just for myself, I believe global warming is one of the greatest challenges our generation faces and I believe that the scientists have determined that we must take ac- tion because if global warming goes unheeded, we will face impacts such as drought, loss of snow pack, and water supplies, significant extinction of species, and extreme weather events. We have already seen some of this happening. In July, I traveled to Greenland with 10 colleagues to view the rapid melting of the enormous Greenland ice sheet. If the sheet were to melt, the sea level would rise by 23 feet and it would be disastrous for our coastlines. I don’t think I will ever forget that trip. It was very powerful. But I approach this whole issue with hope, not fear. There is a great opportunity in addressing global warming. By taking action to solve it, we will help our economy and create many jobs. Today, we had a briefing from the Europeans. They are very clear. They have the numbers to show how jobs are increasing, while they cut back on carbon emissions. In Britain since 1990, they have reduced their greenhouse gas emissions by about 15 per- cent, but their economy has grown by over 40 percent. I think we can use American know-how and innovation to experience the same success by producing domestically renewable energy, biofuels and energy-conserving products. In fact, a study completed this August by the University of Cali- fornia at Berkeley projected that meeting the caps from AB32— (1) 2 that is California’s landmark global warming legislation—could boost gross State product in my State in 2020 by up to $74 billion and create 89,000 new jobs. This is just my State of California. In fighting global warming, we can increase energy efficiency, in- crease our energy independence, improve our national security, and increase our global competitiveness. The reports from the Pentagon State that they believe in future years if we do nothing, that global warming will be the major cause of wars. So I am going to place the rest of my statement in the record and do a couple of housekeeping things. First, I want to say that when Tom Friedman said ‘‘Green is the new red, white and blue,’’ I thought he captured my sentiments exactly. But what I want to do, because of my schedule and because of his extreme interest in this hearing, is to turn the gavel over to my colleague, Senator Sanders. He will run the hearing after we hear from Senator Inhofe. So Senator Inhofe, please go forward. [The prepared statement of Senator Boxer follows:] STATEMENT OF HON. BARBARA