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EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Security Situation
European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Security Situation October 2018 SUPPORT IS OUR MISSION European Asylum Support Office EASO Country of Origin Information Report Pakistan Security Situation October 2018 More information on the European Union is available on the Internet (http://europa.eu). ISBN: 978-92-9476-319-8 doi: 10.2847/639900 © European Asylum Support Office 2018 Reproduction is authorised, provided the source is acknowledged, unless otherwise stated. For third-party materials reproduced in this publication, reference is made to the copyrights statements of the respective third parties. Cover photo: FATA Faces FATA Voices, © FATA Reforms, url, CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 Neither EASO nor any person acting on its behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained herein. EASO COI REPORT PAKISTAN: SECURITY SITUATION — 3 Acknowledgements EASO would like to acknowledge the Belgian Center for Documentation and Research (Cedoca) in the Office of the Commissioner General for Refugees and Stateless Persons, as the drafter of this report. Furthermore, the following national asylum and migration departments have contributed by reviewing the report: The Netherlands, Immigration and Naturalization Service, Office for Country Information and Language Analysis Hungary, Office of Immigration and Nationality, Immigration and Asylum Office Documentation Centre Slovakia, Migration Office, Department of Documentation and Foreign Cooperation Sweden, Migration Agency, Lifos -
Belgium: Extremism and Terrorism
Belgium: Extremism and Terrorism On February 5, 2020, it was reported that prosecutors in Belgium are currently seeking to bring eight men to the country’s highest court for their alleged role in carrying out an ISIS-inspired triple suicide bombing in Brussels in March 2016. The ringleader, Oussama Atar, who was allegedly a senior figure in ISIS’s intelligence service, purportedly died in Syria in 2017. One other suspect, Salah Abdeslam, is already in French jail due to his role in the Paris 2015 attack that killed 131 people. The other suspects have been formally charged, but their trials are not due to start until 2021. (Source: The National) On January 30, 2020, the Belgian Court of Cassation confirmed a ruling by the Brussels Court of Appeals that the Kurdish Worker’s Party (PKK) should not be classified as a terrorist organization. Although the Belgian government considers the PKK to be a terrorist organization, the Court of Cassation represents the opinion of the judiciary which is an independent body from the executive branch. The ruling claimed that EU anti- terrorism legislation cannot be applied towards the PKK as it is involved in a non-international armed conflict or civil war and is thus allowed to use legitimate military force. The PKK is an internationally designated terrorist organization that has been in conflict with the Turkish government for decades. Although it is uncertain if the ruling will create diplomatic altercations with Turkey, the Belgian government depends on stable relations with Ankara to track Belgian nationals who joined ISIS in Syria and continue to remain in the region. -
What the Terrorist Campaign in France and Belgium Tells Us About the Future of Jihadist Terrorism in Europe MTI Report 12-02 December 2012 December 12-02 MTI Report
MTI Trains, Concert Halls, Airports, and Restaurants—All Soft Targets: Funded by U.S. Department of Services Transit Census California of Water 2012 Transportation What the Terrorist Campaign in France and Belgium Tells Us About the Future of Jihadist Terrorism in Europe MTI ReportMTI 12-02 December 2012 MTI Report WP 12-10 MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER Hon. Norman Y. Mineta The Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) was established by Congress in 1991 as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Equity Act (ISTEA) and was reauthorized under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st century (TEA-21). MTI then successfully MTI BOARD OF TRUSTEES competed to be named a Tier 1 Center in 2002 and 2006 in the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Most recently, MTI successfully competed in the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2011 to Founder, Honorable Norman Joseph Boardman (Ex-Officio) Diane Woodend Jones (TE 2016) Richard A. White (Ex-Officio) be named a Tier 1 Transit-Focused University Transportation Center. The Institute is funded by Congress through the United States Mineta (Ex-Officio) Chief Executive Officer Principal and Chair of Board Interim President and CEO Department of Transportation’s Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (OST-R), University Transportation Secretary (ret.), US Department of Amtrak Lea+Elliot, Inc. American Public Transportation Transportation Association (APTA) Centers Program, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and by private grants and donations. Vice Chair Anne Canby (TE 2017) Will Kempton (TE 2016) Hill & Knowlton, Inc. Director Executive Director Bud Wright (Ex-Officio) OneRail Coalition California Transportation Executive Director The Institute receives oversight from an internationally respected Board of Trustees whose members represent all major surface Honorary Chair, Honorable Bill Commission American Association of State transportation modes. -
MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER Hon
MTI Trains, Concert Halls, Airports, and Restaurants—All Soft Targets: Funded by U.S. Department of Services Transit Census California of Water 2012 Transportation What the Terrorist Campaign in France and Belgium Tells Us About the Future of Jihadist Terrorism in Europe MTI ReportMTI 12-02 December 2012 MTI Report WP 12-10 MINETA TRANSPORTATION INSTITUTE MTI FOUNDER Hon. Norman Y. Mineta The Mineta Transportation Institute (MTI) was established by Congress in 1991 as part of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Equity Act (ISTEA) and was reauthorized under the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st century (TEA-21). MTI then successfully MTI BOARD OF TRUSTEES competed to be named a Tier 1 Center in 2002 and 2006 in the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU). Most recently, MTI successfully competed in the Surface Transportation Extension Act of 2011 to Founder, Honorable Norman Joseph Boardman (Ex-Officio) Diane Woodend Jones (TE 2016) Richard A. White (Ex-Officio) be named a Tier 1 Transit-Focused University Transportation Center. The Institute is funded by Congress through the United States Mineta (Ex-Officio) Chief Executive Officer Principal and Chair of Board Interim President and CEO Department of Transportation’s Office of the Assistant Secretary for Research and Technology (OST-R), University Transportation Secretary (ret.), US Department of Amtrak Lea+Elliot, Inc. American Public Transportation Transportation Association (APTA) Centers Program, the California Department of Transportation (Caltrans), and by private grants and donations. Vice Chair Anne Canby (TE 2017) Will Kempton (TE 2016) Hill & Knowlton, Inc. Director Executive Director Bud Wright (Ex-Officio) OneRail Coalition California Transportation Executive Director The Institute receives oversight from an internationally respected Board of Trustees whose members represent all major surface Honorary Chair, Honorable Bill Commission American Association of State transportation modes. -
Open Yazujian Mastersthesis Finaldraft.Pdf
The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School The College of Information Sciences and Technology A COMPARATIVE SOCIAL NETWORK ANALYSIS OF THE 2008 MUMBAI, 2015 PARIS, and 2016 BRUSSELS TERRORIST NETWORKS A Thesis in Information Sciences and Technology by Tyler J. Yazujian 2017 Tyler J. Yazujian Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science May 2017 The thesis of Tyler J. Yazujian was reviewed and approved* by the following: Peter Forster Senior Lecturer of Information Sciences and Technology Thesis Adviser Jessica Kropczynski Lecturer of Information Sciences and Technology T { Donald Shemanski Professor of Practice of Information Sciences and Technology Andrea H. Tapia Associate Professor of Information Sciences and Technology Head of the Graduate Department in the College of IST *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii ABSTRACT This research builds a further understanding about analyses to characterize networks with limited data available. It uses social network analysis to retrospectively compare the networks of the terrorist attacks in Mumbai 2008, Paris November 2015, and Brussels March 2016, to better recognize the roles and positions of the networks’ actors. Expanding on previous analysis of the Mumbai terrorist network, this paper identifies new methods to study dark networks by applying social network analysis to the Mumbai, Paris, and Brussels networks. Three levels of analysis are conducted: (1) an attribute-level correlation to examine correlation between age and organizational role across cells; (2) key player analysis to investigate whether key players share similar roles; and (3) application of structural block models to the networks to identify cellular combat teams. -
RSCAS 2017/28 Islamic Terrorism in the West and International Migrations
RSCAS 2017/28 Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Islamic Terrorism in the West and International Migrations: The “Far” or “Near” Enemy Within? What is the Evidence Maria do Céu Pinto Arena European University Institute Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies Islamic Terrorism in the West and International Migrations: The “Far” or “Near” Enemy Within? What is the Evidence Maria do Céu Pinto Arena EUI Working Paper RSCAS 2017/28 This text may be downloaded only for personal research purposes. Additional reproduction for other purposes, whether in hard copies or electronically, requires the consent of the author(s), editor(s). If cited or quoted, reference should be made to the full name of the author(s), editor(s), the title, the working paper, or other series, the year and the publisher. ISSN 1028-3625 © Maria do Céu Pinto Arena, 2017 Printed in Italy, May 2017 European University Institute Badia Fiesolana I – 50014 San Domenico di Fiesole (FI) Italy www.eui.eu/RSCAS/Publications/ www.eui.eu cadmus.eui.eu Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies The Robert Schuman Centre for Advanced Studies (RSCAS), created in 1992 and directed by Professor Brigid Laffan, aims to develop inter-disciplinary and comparative research and to promote work on the major issues facing the process of integration and European society. The Centre is home to a large post-doctoral programme and hosts major research programmes and projects, and a range of working groups and ad hoc initiatives. The research agenda is organised around a set of core themes and is continuously evolving, reflecting the changing agenda of European integration and the expanding membership of the European Union. -
How the U.S. Should Respond to the Islamist Terrorism Threat in Europe
BACKGROUNDER No. 3142 | AUGUST 1, 2016 The Threat of Islamist Terrorism in Europe and How the U.S. Should Respond Robin Simcox Abstract As recent events in Nice and Ansbach demonstrate, Europe faces an on- Key Points going threat from Islamist terrorism. The United States also remains a key target for ISIS, al-Qaeda, and their supporters. The U.S. and Eu- n The likelihood of a terrorist attack rope have a shared enemy and must assist each other in the defense of has increased in both Europe and liberal and democratic values. For its part, the U.S. must take the fight the United States. ISIS, al-Qae- da, and their affiliates must be to ISIS and al-Qaeda in the Middle East and Africa and be willing to militarily defeated abroad to help kill or capture its enemies. The U.S. must also take a multifaceted ap- ease the threat at home. proach to trying to halt the flow of foreign fighters. In Europe, several n The threat to Europe is multifac- countries blighted by terrorism not only have devoted scant resources eted: Attacks could be planned by to tackling this problem, but also have taken an insufficiently robust al-Qaeda or ISIS, by cells or radi- line on terrorist activity. The U.S. should encourage its European al- calized loners they have inspired, lies to reverse this trend. It can also assist Europeans in breaking down or by returnees trained by terror- intelligence firewalls that exist within individual nations while trying ist groups abroad. Europeans are to improve pre-existing intelligence-sharing arrangements. -
The Roots of Radicalization in Belgium
June 26th, 2018 Jean-Charles Micieli s2100002 When Criminology Engages in Terrorism Studies: The Roots of Radicalization in Belgium Word count: 17 000 Leiden University Faculty of Governance and Global Affairs - Master in Crisis and Security Management Supervisor: Dr. B.W Schuurman - Second Reader: Dr. M.C.A Liem Table of Content Introduction ................................................................................................................................ 2 State of the Art ........................................................................................................................... 4 Methodology/Data Collection .................................................................................................. 13 Discussion/Analysis ................................................................................................................. 20 Group dynamics - Networking ............................................................................................. 21 Kinship dynamics ............................................................................................................. 21 Friendship/Comradeship/Collective Identity ................................................................... 24 Demographical and geographical dynamics ....................................................................... 26 Skills transfer from criminality to terrorism / Criminal background ................................... 34 Ideological dimension ......................................................................................................... -
The Attacks on Paris: Lessons Learned
White Paper THE ATTACKS ON PARIS: LESSONS LEARNED A Presentation of Findings Courtesy of HSAC and the Paris Public Safety Delegation June 2016 Prepared by QuinnWilliams, LLC 2 Preface The purpose of this white paper is to document the findings of the Los Angeles delegation that traveled to Paris in April 2016, to meet with key members of the Parisian law enforcement and intelligence communities, as they shared their lessons learned from the attacks on Paris in November 2015. The November 13 attacks were the deadliest on French soil since WWII. The terrorists targeted the Stade de France, restaurants in the 10th and 11th arrondissements and the Bataclan concert hall. In a little over three hours, the nine attackers killed 130 and wounded 368. The Paris law enforcement community did a commendable job responding to coordinated, simultaneous attacks. The death toll likely would have been much higher if not for several key decisions made immediately after the attacks began. The Los Angeles delegation returned with a deeper understanding of the Parisian response and how these lessons learned can be best applied in the Southern California region. These findings are summarized in this "unclassified” white paper and presented to local public safety agencies in the Los Angeles area. This white paper was prepared by QuinnWilliams, LLC in coordination with the Los Angeles delegation at the request of the Homeland Security Advisory Council (HSAC). 3 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...................................................................................................... -
Avrasya Incelemeleri Merkezi Center for Eurasian Studies
AVRASYA İNCELEMELERİ MERKEZİ CENTER FOR EURASIAN STUDIES BELGIUM: THE PEOPLE KNOWN AND SUSPECTED OF BEING LINKED TO THE ATTACKS - 30.03.2016 29.03.2016 EuroNews The investigation into the terrorist attacks of March 22 in Brussels, claimed by the so-called Islamic State have brought to light the ramifications for Europe by the network of jihadists. At the arrivals terminal at Zaventem airport 15 people were killed. That its seems is the only certainty. There is an image is of Najim Laachraoui and Ibrahim El Bakraoui who were the suicide bombers. Accompanying them is the man in the hat who left the bag with an explosive charge in the terminal and reportedly fled while the other two detonated their bombs. Twenty-nine-year-old Ibrahim El Bakraoui, a Belgian was a former armed robber sentenced to 10 years in prison in 2010. He was arrested on the Syrian border by Turkish police and deported to the Netherlands. It was not followed up. Najim Laachraoui had been an engineering science student and its reckoned he had had technical training. He could have been the armourer. His DNA was found on two belts which were discovered in Paris. He went to Syria in 2013. The identity of the man in the hat remains a mystery after the release on Monday of a suspect. The hunt goes on. The suicide bomber who blew himself up in a metro train at the station was Khalid El Bakraoui the brother of Ibrahim. The 27-year-old had been sentenced to five years in prison for car-jacking in 2011. -
Issn 2421-4442
ISSN 2421-4442 La Rivista semestrale Sicurezza, Terrorismo e Società intende la Sicurezza come una 7 condizione che risulta dallo stabilizzarsi e dal mantenersi di misure proattive capaci di promuovere il benessere e la qualità della vita dei cittadini e la vitalità democratica delle istituzioni; affronta il fenomeno del Terrorismo come un processo complesso, di lungo periodo, che affonda le sue radici nelle dimensioni culturale, religiosa, politica ed economica che caratterizzano i sistemi sociali; propone alla Società – quella degli studiosi e degli operatori e quella ampia di cittadini e istituzioni – strumenti di com- prensione, analisi e scenari di tali fenomeni e indirizzi di gestione delle crisi. Sicurezza, Terrorismo e Società si avvale dei contributi di studiosi, policy maker, analisti, operatori della sicurezza e dei media interessati all’ambito della sicurezza, del terrorismo e del crisis management. Essa si rivolge a tutti coloro che operano in tali settori, volendo rappresentare un momento di confronto partecipativo e aperto al dibattito. La rivista ospita contributi in più lingue, preferendo l’italiano e l’inglese, per ciascuno dei quali è pubblicato un Executive Summary in entrambe le lingue. La redazione solle- cita particolarmente contributi interdisciplinari, commenti, analisi e ricerche attenti alle principali tendenze provenienti dal mondo delle pratiche. Sicurezza, Terrorismo e Società è un semestrale che pubblica 2 numeri all’anno. Oltre ai due numeri programmati possono essere previsti e pubblicati numeri speciali. -
Issn 2421-4442
ISSN 2421-4442 La Rivista semestrale Sicurezza, Terrorismo e Società intende la Sicurezza come una 7 condizione che risulta dallo stabilizzarsi e dal mantenersi di misure proattive capaci di promuovere il benessere e la qualità della vita dei cittadini e la vitalità democratica delle istituzioni; affronta il fenomeno del Terrorismo come un processo complesso, di lungo periodo, che affonda le sue radici nelle dimensioni culturale, religiosa, politica ed economica che caratterizzano i sistemi sociali; propone alla Società – quella degli studiosi e degli operatori e quella ampia di cittadini e istituzioni – strumenti di com- prensione, analisi e scenari di tali fenomeni e indirizzi di gestione delle crisi. Sicurezza, Terrorismo e Società si avvale dei contributi di studiosi, policy maker, analisti, operatori della sicurezza e dei media interessati all’ambito della sicurezza, del terrorismo e del crisis management. Essa si rivolge a tutti coloro che operano in tali settori, volendo rappresentare un momento di confronto partecipativo e aperto al dibattito. La rivista ospita contributi in più lingue, preferendo l’italiano e l’inglese, per ciascuno dei quali è pubblicato un Executive Summary in entrambe le lingue. La redazione solle- cita particolarmente contributi interdisciplinari, commenti, analisi e ricerche attenti alle principali tendenze provenienti dal mondo delle pratiche. Sicurezza, Terrorismo e Società è un semestrale che pubblica 2 numeri all’anno. Oltre ai due numeri programmati possono essere previsti e pubblicati numeri speciali.