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APPEARANCES IN THE AP CURRICULUM: . Trade Cities: . Trade Route: . Interregional traded goods: SILK, . Technology: COMPASS . State Sponsored Commercial Infrastructure: . : IMPERIAL (Sui, Tang, Song) . Diasporic Communities: Chinese in . Interregional Travellers: XUANZONG, IBN BATTUTA, MARCO POLO . Diffusion of /Technology: PRINTING/GUNPOWDER . Reconstituted Governments combined traditional sources of power . Spread of new Rice strains in Asia . Synthesized & Borrowed Traditions: CHINESE INFLUENCE ON JAPAN . Technological/Intellectual Transfers: TANG & ABBASIDS (PAPER) . Industrial production of Iron/Steel increased in China . Cities in DECLINE: CHANGAN . Cities on the RISE: HANGZHOU . Free Peasant Revolts: / RED TURBAN REVOLT . Spread of Religion: to CHINA; NEOCONFUCIANISM to SE ASIA

600 CE 609 CE 635 CE 650 CE c.850 CE 1127 BCE 1274 CE 1368 CE 1406 CE FIRST JAPANESE GRAND CANAL FIRST CHRISTIAN FIRST MUSLIM FIRST WRITTEN DEFEAT SONG MARCO POLO CONSTRUCTION EMBASSIES IN COMPLETED!!! MISSIONARIES EMISSARIES REFERENCE TO FORCING CAPITAL ENTERS CHINA OVERTHROWN; OF FORBIDDEN CHINA ARRIVE IN CHINA ARRIVE IN CHINA GUNPOWDER TO MOVE SOUTH ENTER THE MING CITY BEGINS

581 CE 605 CE 618 CE 646 CE 751 CE 851 CE 1041 CE 1271 CE 1405 CE CHINA REUNITED FIRST IMPERIAL SUI YANGDI ’s BATTLE OF TALAS GREAT ANTI- BI INVENTS KUBILAI KHAN VOYAGES OF SUI DYNASTY EXAMINATION KILLED TANG TRAVEL RECORDS (PAPERMAKING BUDDHIST MOVEABLE TYPE ARRIVES; YUAN ZHENGHE BEGIN 大明 BEGINS (SCHOLAR-GENTRY) DYNASTY BEGINS ARE COMPILED GOES WEST…) PERSECUTION (PRINTING PRESS) DYNASTY BEGINS

SONG YUAN

隋 SUI 唐TANG 宋 大元帝國 MING

隋 581-618

LET ME SAVE US ALL SOME TIME… THE SUI DYNASTY LASTED 36 YEARS AND ONLY DID TWO THINGS WORTH MENTIONING… (IN THEIR DEFENSE; THEY DID STANDARDIZE COINS, INTRODUCE THE EQUAL-FIELD SYSTEM, IMPROVED THE GREAT WALL, SAW THE SPREAD OF BUDDHISM, AND HAD AN EMPEROR NAMED WENDI…)

. HAN CHINA FELL IN 220 CE . COMPLETED: 605 CE o LONG PERIOD OF DIVISION/CIVIL WAR (220-581) . LENGTH: 1,104 MILES o Ex. , GOAL: LINK THE RICE-RICH SOUTH . SEEN AS A REJECTION OF CONFUCIAN PRINCIPLES . WITH POPULATION-RICH o PEOPLE RETURNED TO MYSTICAL BELIEFS o INTELLECTUALS TURNED TO DAOISM NORTH o BUDDHISM EVENTUALLY BECAME THE MAIN BELIEF: . FEATURES: -INCREASED COMMUNICATION . MAHAYANA BUDDHISM DOMINATED -EASED TROOP MOVEMENTS CHANGAN . OFTEN ATTACKED BY CONF/ AS “FOREIGN” -IMPERIAL HIGHWAY . AFTER CENTURIES OF CIVIL WAR/DISUNITY -FOR EMPEROR TO  SUI DYNASTY UNIFIED CHINA o PATROL HIS DEFEATED OTHER SMALLER EMPIRES  CAPITAL: CHANG’AN (SEE MAP) “THE EMPEROR CAUSED TO BE BUILD DRAGON BOATS, RED BATTLE CRUISERS, MULTI-DECKED TRANSPORTS, LESSER VESSELS OF BAMBOO  FOUNDER: SUI WENDI SLATS. BOATMEN HIRED FROM ALL THE WATERWAYS PULLED THE  UNIFYING FORCE: BUDDHISM/DAOISM VESSELS BY ROPES OF GREEN SILK ON THE IMPERIAL PROGRESS TO  SUI WENDI KILLED BY HIS SON, YANGDI . THE EMPEROR RODE IN THE DRAGON BOAT. THE BOATS FOLLOWED ONE ANOTHER FOR MORE THAN 65 MILES. COUNTIES WERE o SUI YANGDI=TYRANNICAL RULER ORDERED TO PREPARE PROVISIONS. THOSE WHO FELL SHORT WERE o AFTER HIS DEATH, DYNASTY=OVER GIVEN PUNISHMENTS UP TO THE DEATH PENALTY.” -ACCOUNT OF THE EMPEROR”s ENVOY NOW, IT’s YOUR TURN. ABOVE IS EVERYTHING YOU NEED ON THE SUI. YOUR TASK: FIND EVERYTHING SIGNIFICANT ABOUT THE TANG , SONG, YUAN & MING

隋 唐 宋 元 明 SUI DYNASTY YUAN DYNASTY 581-618 618-907 960-1279 1271-1368 1368-1664

-ONLY TWO RULERS -AFTER FALL OF HAN IN 220, -CAPITAL=CHANGAN -MILITARY CAMPAIGNS - REUNITED CHINA -DEFEATED FOREIGN INVADERS -SHORT DYNASTY STEADILY -RICE GROWING CRUCIAL FROM PREVIOUS ERAS -LED BY SUI WENDI -SUI WENDI, SUI YANGDI DECLINED -AGRARIAN SOCIETY -(TURKS, TIBET) -HARSH (THINK QIN) -WENDI=BUDDHIST -RICE GROWING REGIONS -BUILT GRAND CANAL -YANGDI USED FOR HIS -PEASANTS PAID DEBTS BY WORKING -ENCOURAGED CONFUCIANISM LOCATED IN THE SOUTH DRAGON BOAT TOURS IN ARMY -BUILT CONFUCIAN SCHOOLS -REASON THE GRAND -PEOPLE USED TO GET SOUTHERN RICE -GREEDY/EGOTISTICAL -ENCOURAGED BUDDHISM TOO CANAL WAS SO IMPORTANT -REBUILT THE GREAT WALL -BUILDING CAPITAL COST 400k LIVES -BUILT STUPAS -“LONGEST CEMETERY “ -“STEADY FLOW OF CARTS CARRYING - EXAM RETURNS TOO THE DEAD” -CAPTURED CHANGAN - EMPRESS =ONLY FEMALE -TANG BEGINS BUDDHIST -CHRISTIANITY & ISLAM -REOPENED SILK ROAD -ENDED SUI DYNASTY RULER -WU=BUDDHIST ARRIVE -CONTINUED WORK ON WALL -ENDED POWER OF RICH -BUILT HUGE BUREACRACY -TANG CONVERT TO CONFUCIAN. -LITTLE IMPACT -EQUAL FIELD SYSTEM -NEW RULING ELITE=SCHOLAR -XENOPHOBIA -JAPANESE ENVOYS BEGIN MILITARY ARISTOCRATS GENTRY -TOO MANY MONASTERIES -ART REACHED PEAK! -ASSIGNED THEM TO -EQUAL FIELD SYSTEM NORTHERN BORDER -TOOK POWER FROM ARISTOCRAT. -TOO MANY MONKS -STRESSED HARMONY WITH -NOT TAXED! NATURE (MTNS., WATER) -SPIED ON THEM WITH -TOOK AWAY THEIR LAND -PAY TAXES BASED ON THAT LAND -WU ZONG DESTROYED INSPECTORS -ARISTOCRATS STILL HAD MORE MONASTERIES -KEPT THEM UNDER -INCREASED WEALTH OF PEASANTS -PUSHED BUD. UNDERGROUND -COULD AFFORD TO SEND KIDS TO SCHOOL CONTROL

-TANG FALLS AND 50 YEARS -OFTEN CALLED THE SOUTHERN SONG -CONFUCIAN -RISE OF THE MERCHANTS -LIMITED TO THE SOUTH OF FIGHTING ENSUES -CONTINUALLY RETRENCHING -CHAN BUDDHISM ARRIVES -TRADITIONALLY LOOKED -TROUBLE WITH ETHNIC -IBN KHALDUN/FLUTE -CHINA SHRINKS IN SOUTHERN -ENLIGHTENMENT THROUGH DOWN UPON GROUPS ALONG BORDERS LESSONS WITH EMPEROR DIRECTION INTENSE MEDITATION, NOT -BUT SONG REALIZED THE -MONGOLS, JURCHENS -CAPITAL-KAIFENG (CONQUERED) STUDYING TEXTS AMOUNT OF TAX$$ -THE DREADED KHITANS!!! -TAI EMPEROR -CAPITAL-MOVED TO HUANGZHOU -GENERAL WHO UNITED -SIMPLE TO UNDERSTAND -NEW RICE STRAIN -EVENTUALLY ENDS DYNASTY -RULED FROM SOUTH (SOUTHERN -TRANSMITTED TO JAPAN/KOREA FROM CAMBODIA -JURCHEN TAKE CAPITAL CHINA AFTER “5 DYNASTIES” FAMILIES) -CONFUCIANISM STILL DOMINATES -GROWS 2X AS FAST! -MONGOLS DEFEAT SONG -MERITOCRACY- BASED ON CONF -Less FARMERS NEEDED FINALLY PRINCIPL. -DOMINATED BY WEALTHY FAMILIES -LED TO MORE MERCHANTS

-KK INHERITED FROM GK -YUAN KHANATE -HIERARCHIES EMERGED -PRACTICES DISUNIFIED CHINA -1260 -WINTER CAPITAL:DADU () -MONGOLS -WARS COST LIVES -KHANATE -KEPT CIVIL SERVICE EXAM -NON-CHINESE -SEIZED LAND FROM CHINESE -TOOK CHINESE NAME YUAN -BUT STACKED IT WITH COLLABORATORS -DECREASED FOOD PROD. -NORTH CHINESE FOREIGNERS -(PERSIANS, TURKS, CHRISTIANS) -SOUTH CHINESE -WELL CONNECTED -CHINESE CAN’T: -POST OFFICE/TRANSPORT

- CARRY WEAPONS -MARCO POLO - GO OUT AT DARK - MARRY MONGOLS

-1368 DEFEAT MONGOLS! -CAPITAL= -NEO-CONFUCIANISTS -CHINESE RE-ALLOWED TO -BUILT FORBIDDEN CITY -SECURED BORDERS -REBUILT INFRASTRUCTURE -MANY ACTUALLY JUST BLENDED TAKE THE CIVIL SERVICE -HUGE UNDERTAKING -COLLECTED FROM -DIRECTLY OVERSAW CIVIL SERVICE ALL THREE CONF, DAO, BUDH EXAM -DAOIST ROOFS SURROUNDING AREAS EXAM -PEAK OF MERCHANT -DISALLOWED FOREIGN -FOUNDED BY HONGWU -ONLY TRUSTED A FEW ACTIVITY TRADE ADVISORS -ZHENGHE VOYAGES -ABOLISHED CABINET -USED COMPASS -ENDED IN 1433 -OVERSAW IT ALL BY HIMSELF -ISOLATION BEGINS

USING YOUR NEWFOUND KNOWLEDGE ABOUT POST-CLASSICAL CHINA, COMPLETE THE FOLLOWING GRAPHS ON THE CHANGES IN CHINA DURING THIS TIME.

DEVOUTLY FOREIGNERS IN CONTROL BUDDHIST

MODERATELY ENEMIES AT BUDDHIST THE GATES

DESTROY THE ALL CHINESE BUDDHISTS! ALL THE TIME

HELLO POWER TO WHITE THE NERDS! PEOPLE

NERDS ARE SILK ROAD OK… OPEN FOR BUSINESS

DEATH TO CLOSED THE NERDS! FOR BUSINESS