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A History of Asia GLOBAL EDITION A History of Asia SEVENTH EDITION Rhoads Murphey Head of Learning Asset Acquisition, Global Managing Editor: Denise Forlow Edition: Laura Dent Senior Operations Supervisor: Mary Fischer Editor in Chief: Ashley Dodge Operations Specialist: Mary Ann Gloriande Acquisitions Editor, Global Edition: Sandhya Ghoshal Cover Image: © bitan310/Shutterstock Project Editor, Global Edition: Daniel Luiz Digital Media Project Manager: Tina Gagliostro Senior Manufacturing Controller, Production, Full-Service Project Management and Composition: Global Edition: Trudy Kimber Mohinder Singh/Aptara®, Inc. Credits and acknowledgments borrowed from other sources and reproduced, with permission, in this textbook appear on appropriate page within text. Pearson Education Limited Edinburgh Gate Harlow Essex CM20 2JE England and Associated Companies throughout the world Visit us on the World Wide Web at: www.pearsonglobaleditions.com © Pearson Education Limited 2015 The rights of Rhoads Murphey to be identified as the author of this work have been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. Authorized adaptation from the United States edition, entitled A History of Asia, 7th edition, ISBN 978-0-205-16855-2, by Rhoads Murphey, published by Pearson Education © 2014. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior written permission of the publisher or a license permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. All trademarks used herein are the property of their respective owners. The use of any trademark in this text does not vest in the author or publisher any trademark ownership rights in such trademarks, nor does the use of such trademarks imply any affiliation with or endorsement of this book by such owners. ISBN 10: 1-292-05888-9 ISBN 13: 978-1-292-05888-7 (Print) ISBN 13: 978-1-292-06983 - 8 (PDF) British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 14 13 12 11 10 Typeset in Minion Pro by Mohinder Singh/Aptara®, Inc. Printed and bound by Clays Ltd. in The United Kingdom. 156 A History of Asia textiles and ceramics; and the common center for the the later sixteenth-century voyages of the Portuguese exchange of the variety of commodities that derived from and Spanish? China and the Middle East. 6. What was the initial appeal of Islam in Southeast Asia In the words of the early iteenth-century Portuguese and how did its spread there difer from its introduction scribe Tomé Pires, Southeast Asia was “at the end of the to South Asia? monsoon, where you ind what you want, and sometimes 7. he Philippines were largely characterized by tribal 2 more than you are looking for.” societies that were isolated from other regional When Europeans came to Southeast Asia in the early developments prior to the coming of the Spanish sixteenth century, they saw Melaka as more than a mar- in the early sixteenth century. Why didn’t all of the ketplace. It was a symbol of the wealth and luxury of Asia. Philippines convert to Islam? hey were eager to circumvent the monopoly of Venice and the Ottoman Empire on the priceless spice trade, and the Notes great wealth and luxury available in this trading had enticed 1. James C. Scott, The Art of Not Being Governed: An them halfway around the world in their tiny, uncomfortable Anarchist History of Upland Southeast Asia (Yale ships. hus, when the Portuguese entered the Indian Ocean University Press, 2009), preface. in the early 1500s, their objective was to seize Melaka, 2. Armando Cortesao, trans., The Suma Oriental of Tome which they rightfully considered to be the dominant center Pires, vol. 2. (The Haklyut Society, London: 1944), p. 228. of contemporary Asian trade (see Chapter 12). What the Portuguese did not understand was that Suggested Web Sites Melaka was no more than an agreed upon marketplace for http://www.hartford-hwp.com/archives/54/index.html the commodities of other centers, and when they seized Political, economic, labor environment, and cultural history Melaka the sedentary and migratory merchant commu- documents. Features sections on the history of Laos, Myan- nities responded by shiting their trade to other equally mar (Burma), Cambodia, Thailand, Malaysia, Indonesia, East acceptable and mutually interchangeable regional ports. Timor, Singapore, the Philippines, and Vietnam. International merchants entered partnerships with the http://www.archaeolink.com/ancient%20southeast%20 leaders of newly emerging Islamic and Buddhist states that asian%20civilizations.htm capitalized on the beneits of an alliance between rulers Explores the archaeological remains of early Cambodia, Thai- and merchants—in much the same way that contemporary land, Vietnam, and Korea, with links. Western European monarchs (e.g., in Tudor England and http://www.borobudur.tv/history_1.htm the Netherlands) did. http://www.borobudurpark.com/ Questions The official website of Borobudur Temple with photographs, history, and contemporary information. 1. How did geography determine the rise of early political and societal centers in Southeast Asia? http://www.indonesia-tourism.com/east-java/history.html In-depth looks at Javanese temples and other historical sites, 2. To what extent is the literate culture of Southeast Asia along with a concise history of Java. imported from India and China? http:/www.angkor-net.de/english/Angkor-West_Baray-e. 3. How would you characterize the rise and fall of shtml Angkor? What was the signiicance of Angkor Wat and Provides the opportunity for an interactive exploration of the Angkor hom in the Angkor political system? major Angkor sites. 4. How did the political systems of the Angkor and Majapahit kings compare with those of their Suggestions for Further Reading contemporaries in medieval Europe, India, and China? Andaya, B., and Andaya, L. A History of Malaysia. New York: 5. What role did Southeast Asia assume in the early St. Martin’s Press, 1982. Indian Ocean trade networks, and what were the Aung-hwin, M. Pagan: he Origins of Modern Burma. Hono- consequences both to Southeast Asia as well as the lulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1985. remainder of Asia? What was the normal relationship Briggs, L. he Ancient Khmer Empire. Philadelphia: American between China and Southeast Asia (with the exception Philosophical Society, 1951. of Vietnam) as relected in the Mongol naval Chandler, D. P. A History of Cambodia. Boulder, CO.: West- expedition to Java in the late thirteenth century—as view, 1983. well as in the Tang-era poem in the next chapter? Coedes, G. he Indianized States of Southeast Asia, ed. W. F. What products did Southeast Asia have that attracted Vella. Honolulu: East-West Center Press, 1968. Chapter 7 / Early and Medieval Southeast Asia 157 Gesick, L., ed. Centers, Symbols, and Hierarchies: Essays on the Ricklefs, M. C. A History of Modern Indonesia. Bloomington: Classical States of Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale Univer- Indiana University Press, 1981. sity Press, 1983. Sar Desai, D. R. Southeast Asia Past and Present, 7th ed. Boul- Groslier, B. P., and Arthaud, J. Angkor: Art and Civilization. der, CO: Westview, 2012. New York: Praeger, 1966. Scott, J. C. he Art of Not Being Governed: An Anarchist His- Hall, K. R. Maritime Trade and State Development in Early tory of Upland Southeast Asia. New Haven: Yale University Southeast Asia. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, Press, 2009. 1985. Shafer, L. N. Maritime Southeast Asia, 300 B.C. to A.D. 1528. Higham, C. he Civilization of Angkor. Berkeley: University of Armonk, NY: M. E. Sharpe, 1993. California Press, 2004. Shellgrove, D. Angkor Before and Ater. Delhi: Shambala, 2004. Lieberman, V. Business Administrative Cycles: Anarchy and Tarling, N., ed. he Cambridge History of Southeast Asia, vol. 1. Conquest, 1580–1760. Princeton: Princeton University Press, Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 1992. 1984. Taylor, K. W. he Birth of Vietnam. Berkeley: University of ———. Strange Parallels: Southeast Asia in a Global Context, c. California Press, 1983. 800–1830. New York: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Van Leur, J. C. Indonesian Trade and Society. he Hague: Miller, H. A Short History of Malaya. New York: Praeger, 1965. W. van Hoeve, 1955. O’Reilly, D. Early Civilizations of Southeast Asia. Lanhan, MD: Vlekke, B. Nusantara: A History of Indonesia. he Hague: Rowman and Littleield, 2006. W. van Hoeve, 1960. Osborne, M. Southeast Asia: An Illustrated Introductory His- Wolters, O. L. Early Indonesian Commerce: he Origins of tory. London: Allen and Unwin, 1997. Srivijaya. Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1967. Reid, A. Southeast Asia in the Age of Commerce, 1450–1680. Woodside, A. Vietnam and the Chinese Model. Cambridge: New Haven: Yale University Press, 1988. Harvard University Press, 1988. Richards, D. S. Islam and the Trade of Asia. Philadelphia: Uni- Wyatt, D. hailand: A Short History. New Haven: Yale Univer- versity of Pennsylvania Press, 1970. sity Press, 1984. Chapter 8 China: A Golden Age CHAPTER OUTLINE his Chapter Surveys what many Chinese consider the greatest Tperiod in their history: the empire of the Tang dynasty (618–907 n Reunification in China c.e.). he splendor of the Tang from its capital at Chang’an (modern Xi’an) included great poetry and art as well as the expansion of Chinese n The Splendor of the Tang control once more into Central Asia. It was succeeded by a new period of brilliance under the Song dynasty (960–1279); although the Song n Cultural Brilliance and Political Decay were ultimately defeated by the Mongols, their power lasted over 300 years and they saw notable achievements in painting, literature, and technology, in many ways like early modern Europe.
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