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Bangor University DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY A Pentecostal Hearing of Ezekiel: Ezekiel’s Visions by the hwhy-dy and the xwr Ward, Lisa Award date: 2020 Awarding institution: Bangor University Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 05. Oct. 2021 A Pentecostal Hearing of Ezekiel: Ezekiel’s Visions by the hwhy-dy and the xwr By Lisa Rene Ward A Thesis Submitted for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Philosophy and Religion College of Arts, Education, and Humanities Bangor University 2019 ABSTRACT Current studies about Spirit-inspired visions are largely descriptive or overshadowed as they are part of a larger examination on Spirit baptism, pneumatology, or eschatology. The purpose of this study is to contribute to the discussion of Spirit-inspired visions and to inspire Pentecostal communities to read Ezekiel in a fresh new way so as to hear what the Spirit has to say about the diverse ways in which the activities of the Spirit are engaged in Ezekiel’s visions. This study proposes that the conclusions drawn from a literary theological analysis of Ezekiel’s visions provide the reader with the basis for constructing overtures towards a Pentecostal theology of Spirit-inspired visions. This thesis examines the literary and theological relationships primarily between the activities of the divine xwr (‘Spirit’), the hwhy-dy (‘hand of YHWH’), and the affective language in the four significant visions in the book of Ezekiel (Ezek. 1–3; 8–11; 37.1- 14; 40–43). As such, it will give special attention to the genre identified, themes, and the literary markers observed in the text in order to discern the structure of the book of Ezekiel. Ezekiel’s visions provide the structural framework that underscores the theological themes of the Spirit, the glory of YHWH, the hand of YHWH, and the leitmotif of the affections. This study is also an intentional contribution to the current discussion concerning Pentecostal hermeneutics. The Pentecostal experience of the Spirit is considered a hermeneutical lens, which presupposes a context for biblical interpretation. A Pentecostal reading strategy based upon contemporary Pentecostal scholarship is utilized, which is informed and shaped by the Scripture, the Spirit, and the community. A narrative theological analysis is a method owing to its compatibility with the narrative orientation of Pentecostal thought. A Pentecostal hearing of the biblical texts highlights the text in its final form and derives its primary meaning from the narrative. From this perspective, a literary and theological analysis of Ezekiel will focus on the stories that the narrator tells to understand how they help the reader or hearer derive meaning in the text with special attention given to the repetition of literary markers, the structure, genre, and main characters, while drawing theological conclusions. This thesis will also incorporate reception history as a means to glean from the testimonies of early Pentecostals as they read and interpreted Ezekiel’s visions, specifically surveying the Pentecostal periodicals from the Wesleyan-Holiness and the Finished Work publications. The conclusions from this study will be put into conversation with Pentecostal spirituality. iii Acknowledgements I would like to acknowledge first and foremost my family and close friends. My grandmother, Mary, (I called her Meme) was my champion. She saw something in me that motivated her to continually encourage and support me throughout the many years required to pursue this project. She went to be with the Lord before I completed this thesis, but I know she is watching over me and proud that I finished the work the Lord entrusted into my hands. My mother, Judy and brother, Dwight were also very supportive along this journey. They did not complain as I would often cancel family plans in lieu of research and writing commitments. They believed in me and said as much on a regular basis. I am also profoundly grateful to my father, Philip who is one of the most generous persons I know. There are several close friends of whom I have been blessed to be a part of their lives. Among those who persistently championed my endeavors are: Dr. William McDonald, Jennifer Marshall, Pam and Samir Idriss, Ahavah Chesed, Lisa Millen, Valerie Landfair, and Carla Jones. Without their prayers and support, I would not have endured the journey. Thank you so much for your love and support. The calling as a teacher of God’s word has continually motivated my life. I taught in various Bible schools internationally that were associated with my local church. I committed to ministry in my local church and several short-term missions’ opportunities. After completing my graduate studies at ORU, I questioned as to whether I should return to the mission field or continue with my academic endeavors. The Lord led and inspired me to pursue this project. It has been a journey filled with failure and success, disappointment and joy, and pain and healing. The joys and healings have far surpassed the pain and disappointments. Mostly, because of God’s goodness and faithfulness. The Lord’s faithfulness and provision came in the form of support from Dr. Amos Yong, who introduced me to Dr. John Christopher Thomas. God’s grace overflowed in abundance as I was accepted into a Pentecostal community of scholars who were more than academic specialists. Drs. Thomas and Lee Roy Martin became my entrusted academic advisors, mentors, and role models to whom I desire to emulate. Their lives typify true Christ followers and ministers of the gospel. They obeyed and participated with God to create a Spirit-inspired community at the Centre for Pentecostal Theology in Cleveland, TN. I am extremely thankful for the opportunity to sit at the table among many inspiring and talented PhD students over the last four years. The fellowship has been invaluable as we became a body of believers who not only pursued the academic callings upon our own lives, but also invested in each other’s lives. I am particularly thankful for the friendships and insights of Becky Basedo- Hill, Daniel Isgrigg, Rick Wadholm, David Johnson, Steffen Schumacher, and Randall Ackland. iv ABBREVIATIONS Early Pentecostal Periodicals AF The Apostolic Faith BC Bridal Call COGE The Church of God Evangel PE The Pentecostal Evangel TBM The Bridegroom’s Messenger TP The Pentecost WE Weekly Evangel Other CBQ Catholic Biblical Quarterly CPT Centre for Pentecostal Theology DPCM Burgess, S.M., et al (eds.), Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements (Grand Rapids. Zondervan, 1988). Int Interpretation IVP Inter-Varsity Press JBL Journal of Biblical Literature JEBS Journal of European Baptist Studies JEPTA Journal of European Pentecostal Theology Association JETS Journal of the Evangelical Theological Society JPT Journal of Pentecostal Theology JPTSup Journal of Pentecostal Theology Supplement JOTT Journal of Translation and Textlinguistic JRE Journal of Religious Ethics JRH Journal of Religious History JSOT Journal for the Study of the Old Testament JTS Journal of Theological Studies NIDPCM Burgess, S.M., and E.M. van der Maas (eds.), The New International Dictionary of Pentecostal and Charismatic Movements (Grand Rapids. Zondervan, 2003). NIDOTTE The New International Dictionary of Old Testament Theology and Exegesis, W.A. VanGemeren, (ed.), 5 vols. (Carlisle: Paternoster; Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996). Pneuma Pneuma. The Journal of the Society for Pentecostal Studies SBL Society of Biblical Literature TDOT Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, G.J. Botterweck, H. Ringgren and H.J. Fabry, 15 vols. (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1974-2006). TLOT Theological Lexicon of the Old Testament, E. Jenni and C. Westermann (eds.), M. Biddle (trans.) 3 vols. (Peabody: Hendrickson, 1997). TJ Trinity Journal WBC Word Biblical Commentary VT Vestus Testamentum v CONTENTS Declaration and Consents ................................................................................................................ ii Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... vi Abbreviations ................................................................................................................................. vii Chapter 1 Introduction Purpose and Focus of Study ....................................................................................................... 1 Structure and Flow of Argument ................................................................................................ 2 Chapter 2 Approaches to Ezekiel: Review of Modern Scholarship