Speckled Catshark, Halaelurus Sellus
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Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L
FA179 Sharks for the Aquarium and Considerations for Their Selection1 Alexis L. Morris, Elisa J. Livengood, and Frank A. Chapman2 Introduction The Lore of the Shark Sharks are magnificent animals and an exciting group Though it has been some 35 years since the shark in Steven of fishes. As a group, sharks, rays, and skates belong to Spielberg’s Jaws bit into its first unsuspecting ocean swim- the biological taxonomic class called Chondrichthyes, or mer and despite the fact that the risk of shark-bite is very cartilaginous fishes (elasmobranchs). The entire supporting small, fear of sharks still makes some people afraid to swim structure of these fish is composed primarily of cartilage in the ocean. (The chance of being struck by lightning is rather than bone. There are some 400 described species of greater than the chance of shark attack.) The most en- sharks, which come in all different sizes from the 40-foot- grained shark image that comes to a person’s mind is a giant long whale shark (Rhincodon typus) to the 2-foot-long conical snout lined with multiple rows of teeth efficient at marble catshark (Atelomycterus macleayi). tearing, chomping, or crushing prey, and those lifeless and staring eyes. The very adaptations that make sharks such Although sharks have been kept in public aquariums successful predators also make some people unnecessarily since the 1860s, advances in marine aquarium systems frightened of them. This is unfortunate, since sharks are technology and increased understanding of shark biology interesting creatures and much more than ill-perceived and husbandry now allow hobbyists to maintain and enjoy mindless eating machines. -
Western Spotted Catshark, Asymbolus Occiduus
Published Date: 1 March 2019 Western Spotted Catshark, Asymbolus occiduus Report Card Sustainable assessment IUCN Red List IUCN Red List Australian Endemic to Australia Global Least Concern Assessment Assessment Assessors Simpfendorfer, C. & Heupel, M.R. Report Card Remarks Little known shark with limited fishing across its range Summary The Western Spotted Catshark is a small, little known temperate catshark. It is endemic to southern Australia and has a reasonably large geographic and depth range. The species is unlikely to Source: CSIRO National Fish Collection. License: CC BY Attribution be negatively affected by commercial fisheries because there is limited fishing throughout its range. Therefore, it is assessed as Least Concern (IUCN) and Sustainable (SAFS). Distribution The Western Spotted Catshark is distributed along the southern and western coasts of Australia from Fowlers Bay (South Australia) to Perth (Western Australia) (Last and Stevens 2009). Stock structure and status There is currently no information on population size, structure, or trend for the species. Fisheries The Western Spotted Catshark is caught incidentally and very infrequently in the Southern and Eastern Scalefish and Shark Fishery (SESSF). An estimated 69 kg of the species were caught and discarded annually from 2000 to 2006 (Walker and Gason 2007). Habitat and biology The Western Spotted Catshark is found at depths of 98 to 400 m and is most abundant on the outer continental shelf and common off the Western Australian coast. The biology of the species is almost entirely unknown. Adults and juveniles differ significantly in their colour patterns and the association between the two forms was only made recently (Last and Stevens 2009). -
An Introduction to the Classification of Elasmobranchs
An introduction to the classification of elasmobranchs 17 Rekha J. Nair and P.U Zacharia Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute, Kochi-682 018 Introduction eyed, stomachless, deep-sea creatures that possess an upper jaw which is fused to its cranium (unlike in sharks). The term Elasmobranchs or chondrichthyans refers to the The great majority of the commercially important species of group of marine organisms with a skeleton made of cartilage. chondrichthyans are elasmobranchs. The latter are named They include sharks, skates, rays and chimaeras. These for their plated gills which communicate to the exterior by organisms are characterised by and differ from their sister 5–7 openings. In total, there are about 869+ extant species group of bony fishes in the characteristics like cartilaginous of elasmobranchs, with about 400+ of those being sharks skeleton, absence of swim bladders and presence of five and the rest skates and rays. Taxonomy is also perhaps to seven pairs of naked gill slits that are not covered by an infamously known for its constant, yet essential, revisions operculum. The chondrichthyans which are placed in Class of the relationships and identity of different organisms. Elasmobranchii are grouped into two main subdivisions Classification of elasmobranchs certainly does not evade this Holocephalii (Chimaeras or ratfishes and elephant fishes) process, and species are sometimes lumped in with other with three families and approximately 37 species inhabiting species, or renamed, or assigned to different families and deep cool waters; and the Elasmobranchii, which is a large, other taxonomic groupings. It is certain, however, that such diverse group (sharks, skates and rays) with representatives revisions will clarify our view of the taxonomy and phylogeny in all types of environments, from fresh waters to the bottom (evolutionary relationships) of elasmobranchs, leading to a of marine trenches and from polar regions to warm tropical better understanding of how these creatures evolved. -
NPOA Sharks Booklet.Indd
National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Sharks (NPOA-Sharks) November 2013 South Africa Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012 Tel: 021 402 3911 Fax: +27 21 402 3364 www.daff.gov.za Design and Layout: FNP Communications and Gerald van Tonder Photographs courtesy of: Department of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries (DAFF), Craig Smith, Charlene da Silva, Rob Tarr Foreword South Africa’s Exclusive Economic Zone is endowed with a rich variety of marine living South Africa is signatory to the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries – voluntarily agreed to by members of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organisation (FAO) – and, as such, is committed to the development and implementation of National Plans of Action (NPOAs) as adopted by the twenty-third session of the FAO Committee on Fisheries in February 1999 and endorsed by the FAO Council in June 1999. Seabirds – aimed at reducing incidental catch and promoting the conservation of seabirds Fisheries and now regularly conducts Ecological Risk Assessments for all the commercial practices. Acknowledging the importance of maintaining a healthy marine ecosystem and the possibility of major detrimental effects due to the disappearance of large predators, South from the list of harvestable species. In accordance with international recommendations, South Africa subsequently banned the landing of a number of susceptible shark species, including oceanic whitetip, silky, thresher and hammerhead sharks. improves monitoring efforts for foreign vessels discharging shark products in its ports. To ensure long-term sustainability of valuable, but biologically limited, shark resources The NPOA-Sharks presented here formalises and streamlines ongoing efforts to improve conservation and management of sharks caught in South African waters. -
Morphological and Mitochondrial DNA Divergence Validates Blackmouth, Galeus Melastomus, and Atlantic Sawtail Catsharks, Galeus Atlanticus,Asseparatespecies
Journal of Fish Biology (2007) 70 (Supplement C), 346–358 doi:10.1111/j.1095-8649.2007.01455.x, available online at http://www.blackwell-synergy.com Morphological and mitochondrial DNA divergence validates blackmouth, Galeus melastomus, and Atlantic sawtail catsharks, Galeus atlanticus,asseparatespecies R. CASTILHO*†, M. FREITAS*, G. SILVA*, J. FERNANDEZ-CARVALHO‡ AND R. COELHO‡ *Biodiversity and Conservation Group, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal and ‡Coastal Fisheries Research Group, CCMAR, University of Algarve, Campus de Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal (Received 30 August 2006, Accepted 17 January 2007) A total of 60 morphometric traits and nucleotide sequences of the entire mtDNA NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene [1047 base pair (bp)] in 23 individuals of blackmouth, Galeus melastomus, and 13 individuals of sawtail catsharks, Galeus atlanticus, caught in Southern Portugal, were examined to test the validity of these two taxa. These sharks closely resemble each other, have overlapping geographical ranges and are difficult to identify by morphological characters. Non-metric multidimensional scaling of morphometric variables indicates a clear separation between the two species, with 10 characters each contributing 2Á12–2Á45% of the total variability between species. Maximum likelihood, parsimony and neighbour-joining trees revealed two major mtDNA haplotype clades, corresponding to the two species, with an average corrected sequence divergence between them of 3Á39 Æ 0Á56%. Within species divergences between haplotypes averaged 0Á27 Æ 0Á18% in G. melastomus and 0Á12 Æ 0Á08% in G. atlanticus. A total of 35 diagnostic nucleotide site differences and four restriction fragment length polymorphism recognition sites in the ND2 gene can be used to distinguish the two species. -
Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan2)
MALAYSIA NATIONAL PLAN OF ACTION FOR THE CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT OF SHARK (PLAN2) DEPARTMENT OF FISHERIES MINISTRY OF AGRICULTURE AND AGRO-BASED INDUSTRY MALAYSIA 2014 First Printing, 2014 Copyright Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014 All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the Department of Fisheries Malaysia. Published in Malaysia by Department of Fisheries Malaysia Ministry of Agriculture and Agro-based Industry Malaysia, Level 1-6, Wisma Tani Lot 4G2, Precinct 4, 62628 Putrajaya Malaysia Telephone No. : 603 88704000 Fax No. : 603 88891233 E-mail : [email protected] Website : http://dof.gov.my Perpustakaan Negara Malaysia Cataloguing-in-Publication Data ISBN 978-983-9819-99-1 This publication should be cited as follows: Department of Fisheries Malaysia, 2014. Malaysia National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2), Ministry of Agriculture and Agro- based Industry Malaysia, Putrajaya, Malaysia. 50pp SUMMARY Malaysia has been very supportive of the International Plan of Action for Sharks (IPOA-SHARKS) developed by FAO that is to be implemented voluntarily by countries concerned. This led to the development of Malaysia’s own National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark or NPOA-Shark (Plan 1) in 2006. The successful development of Malaysia’s second National Plan of Action for the Conservation and Management of Shark (Plan 2) is a manifestation of her renewed commitment to the continuous improvement of shark conservation and management measures in Malaysia. -
First Report of the Whitesaddled Catshark Scyliorhinus Hesperius
Hacohen-Domené et al. Marine Biodiversity Records (2016) 9:101 DOI 10.1186/s41200-016-0103-9 MARINE RECORD Open Access First report of the whitesaddled catshark Scyliorhinus hesperius (Springer 1966) in Guatemala’s Caribbean Sea Ana Hacohen-Domené1* , Francisco Polanco-Vásquez1 and Rachel T. Graham2 Abstract Background: The present study represents the first record of Scyliorhinus hesperius in Guatemala’s Caribbean Sea. Methods: Five male whitesaddled catsharks, S. hesperius, were captured in 200 m deep waters of Guatemala’s Caribbean coast. Results and Conclusion: All specimens were male with total lengths ranging from 420 mm to 510 mm. These fish represent the first record of mature male S. hesperius, the first record for this species in Guatemalan territorial waters,andarangeextensionintheWesternCentralAtlantic. Keywords: Deep-water chondrichthyans, First record, Range extension, Caribbean, Background (TL). Additionally Springer (1966) examined 12 specimens, Scyliorhinidae (catsharks) constitute the largest shark sex not specified, ranging in total length from 177–460 mm. family with at least 160 species distributed across 17 All specimens were captured between 274 m and 530 m genera (Ebert et al. 1996). These species are broadly depth in the Western Caribbean near Jamaica and distributed throughout temperate and tropical waters, Honduras and southward towards Panama and Columbia inhabiting the bottom of shallow and deep waters over (Springer 1966). Later, Ross and Quattrini (2009) reported 100 m (Nakaya 1975). Catsharks are small, demersal sightings of three individual sharks S. hesperius resting on species, and relatively poor swimmers (Compagno et al. thick coral rubble between 580–604 m depth, off of 2005). Jacksonville, Florida, while conducting deep water dives The genus Scyliorhinus Blainville 1816, is comprised on deep reefs along the southeastern US continental of 16 species distributed in cold, subtemperate to shelf slope. -
Management of Shark Fishery in Sri Lanka
Received: 6 and 15 September, 2012 IOTC–2012–WPEB08–10 Rev_1 MANAGEMENT OF SHARK FISHERY IN SRI LANKA H.L.N.S.Herath Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Colombo 10, Sri Lanka Abstract The fisheries sector is one of the most important sectors in the economy of Sri Lanka by providing direct and indirect employment to the country. The sector also contributes nearly 3% to the GDP and provides 65-70 % of the animal protein consumed by the population. Fisheries management arrangements within the EEZ were implemented under the provisions of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Act No.2 of 1996. The objectives of the Act are management, conservation, regulation, and development of the fisheries and aquatic resources of Sri Lanka. During the past two decades the fishing activities have been expanded from its continental shelf and beyond 200 mile EEZ. Sharks have been exploited for 4-5 decades using various fishing methods during last decades. However presently deep water shark fisheries are operating in very insignificant levels. Majority of the catch come as by-catch from tuna long line and gill net fishery. It has been observed that Shark catches have been decreased rapidly during last decades as a result of the management arrangements. The catch composition mainly includes silky shark and other twelve species. There is a action plan for preparation of NPOA-Sharks in Sri Lanka and Fisheries Act and other environmentally related legislations take initiatives to the conservation and management the shark fisheries in the country. 1 Received: 6 and 15 September, 2012 IOTC–2012–WPEB08–10 Rev_1 Introduction Sri Lanka is a coastal fishing nation in the Indian Ocean and has sovereign right over 517,000 km2 of Exclusive Economic Zone declared by 1978(Figure 1). -
Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997
The IUCN Species Survival Commission Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 Edited by Sarah L. Fowler, Tim M. Reed and Frances A. Dipper Occasional Paper of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 25 IUCN The World Conservation Union Donors to the SSC Conservation Communications Programme and Elasmobranch Biodiversity, Conservation and Management: Proceedings of the International Seminar and Workshop, Sabah, Malaysia, July 1997 The IUCN/Species Survival Commission is committed to communicate important species conservation information to natural resource managers, decision-makers and others whose actions affect the conservation of biodiversity. The SSC's Action Plans, Occasional Papers, newsletter Species and other publications are supported by a wide variety of generous donors including: The Sultanate of Oman established the Peter Scott IUCN/SSC Action Plan Fund in 1990. The Fund supports Action Plan development and implementation. To date, more than 80 grants have been made from the Fund to SSC Specialist Groups. The SSC is grateful to the Sultanate of Oman for its confidence in and support for species conservation worldwide. The Council of Agriculture (COA), Taiwan has awarded major grants to the SSC's Wildlife Trade Programme and Conservation Communications Programme. This support has enabled SSC to continue its valuable technical advisory service to the Parties to CITES as well as to the larger global conservation community. Among other responsibilities, the COA is in charge of matters concerning the designation and management of nature reserves, conservation of wildlife and their habitats, conservation of natural landscapes, coordination of law enforcement efforts as well as promotion of conservation education, research and international cooperation. -
First Age and Growth Estimates in the Deep Water Shark, Etmopterus Spinax (Linnaeus, 1758), by Deep Coned Vertebral Analysis
Mar Biol DOI 10.1007/s00227-007-0769-y RESEARCH ARTICLE First age and growth estimates in the deep water shark, Etmopterus Spinax (Linnaeus, 1758), by deep coned vertebral analysis Enrico Gennari · Umberto Scacco Received: 2 May 2007 / Accepted: 4 July 2007 © Springer-Verlag 2007 Abstract The velvet belly Etmopterus spinax (Linnaeus, by an alternation of translucent and opaque areas (Ride- 1758) is a deep water bottom-dwelling species very com- wood 1921; Urist 1961; Cailliet et al. 1983). Vertebral mon in the western Mediterranean sea. This species is a dimensions, as well as their degree of calciWcation, vary portion of the by-catch of the red shrimps and Norway lob- considerably within the elasmobranch group (La Marca sters otter trawl Wsheries on the meso and ipo-bathyal 1966; Applegate 1967; Moss 1977). For example, vertebrae grounds. A new, simple, rapid, and inexpensive vertebral of coastal and pelagic species are more calciWed than those preparation method was used on a total of 241 specimens, of bottom dwelling deep-water sharks (Cailliet et al. 1986; sampled throughout 2000. Post-cranial portions of vertebral Cailliet 1990). These diVerences are also reXected in varia- column were removed and vertebrae were prepared for age- tions of shape and in growth zone appearance, such as the ing readings. Band pair counts ranged from 0 to 9 in presence and quality of bands and/or rings. Due to these females, and from 0 to 7 in males. Von BertalanVy growth diVerences, a general protocol for the elasmobranch group equations estimated for both sexes suggested a higher is not really available because of the high variability of cal- W longevity for females (males: L1 = 394.3 mm k =0.19 ci cation degree among species (Applegate 1967; Cailliet W t0 = ¡1.41 L0 = 92.7 mm A99 = 18.24 years; females: L1 = et al. -
Discovery of a New Mode of Oviparous Reproduction in Sharks and Its Evolutionary Implications Kazuhiro Nakaya1, William T
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Discovery of a new mode of oviparous reproduction in sharks and its evolutionary implications Kazuhiro Nakaya1, William T. White2 & Hsuan‑Ching Ho3,4* Two modes of oviparity are known in cartilaginous fshes, (1) single oviparity where one egg case is retained in an oviduct for a short period and then deposited, quickly followed by another egg case, and (2) multiple oviparity where multiple egg cases are retained in an oviduct for a substantial period and deposited later when the embryo has developed to a large size in each case. Sarawak swellshark Cephaloscyllium sarawakensis of the family Scyliorhinidae from the South China Sea performs a new mode of oviparity, which is named “sustained single oviparity”, characterized by a lengthy retention of a single egg case in an oviduct until the embryo attains a sizable length. The resulting fecundity of the Sarawak swellshark within a season is quite low, but this disadvantage is balanced by smaller body, larger neonates and quicker maturation. The Sarawak swellshark is further uniquely characterized by having glassy transparent egg cases, and this is correlated with a vivid polka‑dot pattern of the embryos. Five modes of lecithotrophic (yolk-dependent) reproduction, i.e. short single oviparity, sustained single oviparity, multiple oviparity, yolk‑sac viviparity of single pregnancy and yolk‑sac viviparity of multiple pregnancy were discussed from an evolutionary point of view. Te reproductive strategies of the Chondrichthyes (cartilaginous fshes) are far more diverse than those of the other animal groups. Reproduction in chondrichthyan fshes is divided into two main modes, oviparity (egg laying) and viviparity (live bearing). -
The Complete Mitochondrial Genome and Phylogenetic Position of the Leopard Catshark, Poroderma Pantherinum
Mitochondrial DNA Part B Resources ISSN: (Print) 2380-2359 (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/tmdn20 The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of the leopard catshark, Poroderma pantherinum Michaela van Staden, Katie S. Gledhill, Clint Rhode & Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwe To cite this article: Michaela van Staden, Katie S. Gledhill, Clint Rhode & Aletta E. Bester- van der Merwe (2018) The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of the leopard catshark, Porodermapantherinum, Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 3:2, 750-752, DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2018.1483772 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1483772 © 2018 The Author(s). Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group. Published online: 10 Jul 2018. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 281 View related articles View Crossmark data Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=tmdn20 MITOCHONDRIAL DNA PART B 2018, VOL. 3, NO. 2, 750–752 https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2018.1483772 MITOGENOME ANNOUNCEMENT The complete mitochondrial genome and phylogenetic position of the leopard catshark, Poroderma pantherinum Michaela van Stadena , Katie S. Gledhilla,b , Clint Rhodea and Aletta E. Bester-van der Merwea aDepartment of Genetics, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa; bSouth African Shark Conservancy, Old Harbour Museum, Hermanus, South Africa ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY We present the first mitochondrial genome of a South African endemic catshark, Poroderma pantheri- Received 17 May 2018 num. The complete mitogenome is 16,686 bp in length, comprising 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA Accepted 29 May 2018 genes, 22 tRNA genes, and one non-coding control region.