INDEX

A-l evaporites, 178 zonal data, 82 A-2 evaporites, 178 zonation, 90 Aalenian, 267 Amundson Member, 369 Abathomphalus mayaroensis, 284 Angular discordance, 313 Accomodation, 50, 56, 83, 110, 156 Anisian, 251 and accumulation digrams, 65 "Anodontia?" augustana, 322 definition of, 110 Antarctica, 33 in vertically stacked events, 377 Apparent sea-level negative, 48 contemporaneous fluctuations in, 27 of sediment accumulation, 47 estimates for magnitude of, 23 potential, 377 fall of, 20 realized, 377 record, 19 Accommodation envelope, 110 , 81, 93, 275 illustration of, 114 Ar isotope ratios, 76 Accommodation potential, 162 Arabian Peninsula, 275 Accretionary tectonics, 25 Arabian Sea, 381 Active-sediment influx, 56 Aragonitic mollusc molds, 314 Adaville Formation, 379 Arizona, 229, 234 Age dating, 72 Arkansas, 170 direct methods, 72 Aruma Group, 277 indirect methods, 72 Asia, 236 with biostratigraphic events, 72 Atlantic Ocean, 26, 381 with climatic events, 72 Deep Sea Drilling Project, 32, 35 with magnetic-polarity events, 72 seafloor spreading profiles, 78 with radiometric horizons, 72 Austin Formation, 280 Age estimates Australia, 236 K/Ar, 76 tectonic provinces within, 24 Rb/Sr, 76 Authigenic minerals Aggradation, 48, 49, 51 marine, 76 rate of, 52 Autochthonous lowstand wedge Aggradational facies, 56 examples of, 176 Alabama Autochthonous wedge, 179 Braggs, 200, 318 Butler County, 301 B central, 299 Backstepping marine parasequences, 299 chronostratigraphy chart, 340 Backstripping Clarke County, 314 diagram of, 7 Crenshaw County, 301 Bad Heart formation, 369 estimated sea level, 351 Bahama Platform, 158 Henry County, 313 Bajocian, 267 Little Stave Creek, 196 Baltimore Canyon Trough, 289, 329 Lowndes County, 202, 301, 314, 318 U.S.G.S. Line 25 through, 290 offshore, 329 Bane Royal miliolids, 89 offshore interpreted seismic line, 340 Banda arc, 25, 26 Pike County, 301 Bank margin, 159 St. Stephens Quarry, 196 Barbados Washington County, 317 eustatic records in coral reefs of, 8 Wilcox County, 301, 314 Barremian, 275 Alabama River, 301 Barrow Formation, 251 Alberta, 229, 285, 365 Jenness Member, 251 Barton Formation, 314 marine sediments, 294 Barton Stage, 316 middle-late, 294 Bartonian, 93, 319 Alexander's Landing, 301 Basal lithologies Algal stromatolites, 6 characterized by rip-up clasts, 313 Allochthonous, 227 Base level Allochthonous lowstand wedge and stream equilibrium profile, 132- examples of, 173 Basement subsidence Allochthonous wedge, 179 global comparison of, 8 Allostratigraphic units, 309 Basin Alluvial equilibrium, 58 evolution, 22 Alluvial sediments, 55, 56 Basin floor facies belt, 160 Alportian Stage, 231 Basin floor fan, 42, 139 Alps, 82 Basins Aluvial plain onlap, 12 foreland, 19 Ammonite, 92 intracratonic, 19 biozones, 76 Bass River Formation, 294 Dienerian, 251 Bathonian, 81, 267 Greisbachian, 251 Bay of Bengel

393

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thick sedimentary loads in, 22 need for data integration in, 77 Bayline sources of error in, 77 definition, 131 Callovian, 81, 93, 267 vs. shoreline, 118 , 242 Bayline position , 287, 289, 294 and lowstand deposits, 147 Canada Beach facies, 50 Arctic Islands, 235 Bearpaw Formation, 287 Canadian Arctic, 258 Bencliff Grit, 264 T-R cycles, 259 Benthic foraminifera, 289 Canadian , 258 Benthic macroinvertebrates, 219 Cane River, 201 Benthic organisms, 6 Canyon fan system Benton Formation, 287 seismic facies diagram of, 382 Bentonites, 76 Cap d' Antifer section, 207 Berriasian, 275 Cape Fear Arch, 324 Best-fit age models, 72 Cape Foulwind, 198 Best-fit of magnetic anomaly ages Cape Hatteras table of, 105 stratigraphic cross section of shelf of, 23 Bickerdike Member, 357 Capitan reef, 165 Bigenerina biofacies, 195 Caradocian diamictites, 224 Biochronostratigraphic framework, 75 Carbon isotope Biochronozone, 72 and condensed section correlation, 208 definition of, 73, 184 Carbon isotope ratio values, 207 Biofacies Carbon isotope ratios, 317 analysis across /Tertiary, 318 Carbon isotope record, 31 analysis across Eocene/Oligocene, 317 Carbon isotope variations distribution of in New Jersey, 295 as age indicator, 72 foraminiferal, 290 Carbonate accumulation Biogenic depositions, 84 depth-dependent, 221 Biostratigraphic data Carbonate deposition profiles sources of error in, 77 schematic diagram of, 158 Biostratigraphic events Carbonate facies, 31, 155 calibration of, 74 Carbonate lithofacies Biostratigraphy, 71, 72, 183, 200 schematic illustration of, 177 illustration using, 185 Carbonate platform, 155, 275, 338 Biozone, 72 Carbonate sedimentation, 47 ammonite, 76 Carbonate sequence stratigraphy, 155 definition of, 73, 184 Carbonate stable isotope, 321 Bjorne Formation, 250 Carbonates, 49, 55, 313 Black Band, 207 , 229 Black organic shales, 49 coastal-onlap curve for, 243 Black Prince Limestone, 229 Cardium Formation, 357 Black Ven Marls Formation, 264 location map, 358 Blackriveran strata, 223 stratigraphic cross section, 358 Blackstone Formation, 358, 364 Carribean Sea, 35 Blake Spur Magnetic Anomaly, 81 Carizzo Sand, 204 Blind Fiord Formation, 250 Carnian, 176, 251 Blue Lias Formation, 264 Carrot Creek Member, 365 Bolivina spp., 198 Castle Hayne Limestone, 314, 321 Bounding surface, 47 Catch-up carbonate systems Bounding unconformities, 309 definition of, 164 Bracklesham Group, 316 Catch-up deposition Braggs, 299 rates of, 162 condensed section examples, 200 Catch-up systems tract iridium anomalies, 299 interpretation of, 179 British Columbia, 229 Caucasus, 82 Bulimina biofacies, 196 Cenomanian, 79, 207, 277, 287 Bumpnose Limestone, 198 data integration within, 90 Burdigalian, 335 early, 294 Burnstick Member outcrop studies of, 89 illustration of origin of, 367 Cenomanian-Turonian boundary, 208 photo of typical features, 366 Cenozoic, 34, 71, 72, 92, 227 Burrowed surface, 183, 304, 313, 317 chronostratigraphic and eustatic-cycle chart, 94 Burrows, 6 cycle chart, 83, 193 glacial events, 19 global oxygen isotope signal for, 32 Calcareous nannofossil zones, 93 global plate reorganization, 26 Calcareous nannoplankton, 302 magnetic anomalies, 83 Calcareous plankton, 75 oxygen isotope record for, 31 Calcite radiometric dates, 79, 80, 81 above hardgrounds, 317 sea-level cycle charts, 71 Calcite compensation depth, 319 sea-level events, 32 Calibrating geolotic time time scales for, 71

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variables affecting oxygen isotope signal in, 32 Coencorrelation curve, 223 Cenozoic cycle chart Coinstone after Haq and others, 306 concretionary limestone horizon, 264 Cenozoic sequences, 106 , 285 Cenozoic, early, 75 Compaction, 10, 11, 47, 51, 56 Cenozoic, Late algorithms for estimating, 12 basins of the Mediterranean region, 26 effect of 6, 7 Cephalopod zone, 227 Complexiopollis-Atlantiopollis Channel levee complex, 383 pollen zone, 294 seismic strike line through, 388 Composite standard Chattian, middle, 319 definition of, 283 Cherry Canyon Sandstone Tongue, 189 Compressive-stress field, 25 Chhidru formation, 91 Conceptual model Chickasawhay Limestone to predict lithologic succession, 109 Waynesboro Sand Member, 319 Concordant boundaries, 61 China, 229 Condensed section, 5, 44, 84, 109, 261, 285, 300, 312 Chokierian Stage, 231 age determination from, 183 Chronostratigraphic and depositional sequences, 186 chart, 5 and surface of maximum starvation, 317 distribution, 150 and toes of the clinoforms, 319 framework, 90 and water depth, 188 framework for eustatic cycle charts, 71 between Navarre and Midway stages, 202 surfaces, 4 correlation of three examples, 203 units (stages), 73 definition of, 110, 186 Chronostratigraphic diagram, 185 example of in Alabama, 196, 198 Chronostratigraphic surfaces, 44, 61 example of in Gulf of Mexico, 192 Chronostratigraphy examples of from Gulf Coast, 204 and lithostratigraphy, 324 geochemistry, 207 Chungo Member, 368 Oligocene, 191 Cibicidoides biofacies, 195 predictive model, 187 Claggett Formation, 287 recognition of, 186 Claiborne Stage, 204, 316, 319 seismic expression of, 188 Clayton Formation, 299, 319 Condensed sections, 47 Clayton Limestone Member, 200 Conformity, 41 Clear Fork sequences, 167 Conglomerates, 358 Clearwater Formation, 287 Coniacian, 287 Clementon Well, 290 Conodont, 92 Climate Continental interiors, 217 as control on carbonate facies development, 162 Continental margin, 47 Clinoform units, 57 sequence boundaries, 186 Clinoforms, 188 sequences, 183 Coal distribution Continental margin sedimentation in the Western Interior United States, 371 parameters of simulation of, 11 Coarsening-upward sequence, 357 simulation of, 9 Coastal aggradation curve Coral reef terraces, 6 of Vail, 14 Correlative conformity, 51 Coastal onlap, 4, 5, 47, 52, 68, 93, 115 Cost B-2 Well, 290, 330 definition of, 283 geohistory curve, 346 illustration of, 154 Cost B-3 Well, 290, 330 relative change of, 5 Cow Creek Limestone, 281 Coastal onlap curve Cretaceous, 79, 92, 189, 321, 369 elements of, 120 boreal macrofossil zones, 92 illustration of elements of, 122 changes in spreading rates since the, 23 Coastal onlap/offlap, 23 Chronostratigraphic and eustatic-cycle chart, 96 Coastal plain, 48, 49, 54, 57 coals, 378 facies, 55 comparison of sea-level curves for, 276 New Jersey, 289 cross section across, 287 sediments, 49 eustatic sea-level changes, 278 Coastal-onlap chart, 311, 323 magnetic anomalies in, 85 Coastal-onlap curve Magnetic Quiet Zone, 82 for the Cambrian through , 244 paleomagnetic studies of, 82 for the Carboniferous and , 243 record of relative sea-level changes, 285 of Vail, 31 sea-level curves for, 6 Coastline seaway of the interior, 286 deltaic, 50 Cretaceous sequences, 107 in geologic model, 53 Cretaceous, early, 75, 287, 338 migration, 49 sea-level curves, 275 retrogradation, 52 Cretaceous, late, 71, 72, 75, 81, 287, 289, 314, 319 Coastline facies, 49 depositional sequences, 293 Coastline position eustatic curve for, 289 and relative sea level rise, 122 sequence boundary from biostratigraphic data, 293 Cocoa Sand, 322 Cretaceous, lower, 277 Cocos plate, 25 Cretaceous, upper, 371

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fourth-order cycles in, 375 Depositional-shoreline break, 41, 43, 83 Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary Depth-dependent sedimentation, 219 complete section across, 299 Determining eustatic changes Cretaceous/Tertiary boundary, 318 comparison of methods, 33 Crockett Formation, 201 Devonian, 242 Crustal subsidence, 12 Devonian, upper, 164, 230 Crustal-subsidence curves, 6 Diagenesis, 76 diagram of from North Sea, 7 Diastem stacked and averaged, 8 definition of, 283 Cubitostrea lisbonensis, 322 Dickeyville K-bentonites, 224 Cubitostrea perplicata, 322 Dickinson 1 Well, 290 Cuesta del Cura Formation, 280 Dinoflagellate, 92 Cycle chart Diplocraterion, 264 for Gulf coastal plain, 193 Discoaster saipanesis, 198 new generation of, 92 Disconformity, 142 definition of, 283 D Dismal Rat Member, 364 D-Sandstone Formation, 287 Distributary channels, 56 Dakota Sandstone, 378 Divergent margins, 47 Danian, 301 Dorset Coast, 264 Danian, early, 299, 304 Downgoing slab, 24 Data integration Downlap, 5 importance of, 158 Downlap surface, 42, 44, 84, 121, 142, 186, 261, 300, 319 in calibrating geologic time, 78 Downlapping sequences, 65 in preparation of cycle charts, 92 DSDP need for in eustatic cycle determinations, 326 see Deep Sea Drilling Project, 34, 74 to delineate carbonate sequences, 155 Deep Sea Drilling Project, 34, 74, 75 Site 277, 201 Eagle Formation, 287 Site 292, 201 Earthquake focal mechanisms, 25 Site 502B, 35 Elk Point Basin, 179 Site 504, 35 Elkport K-bentonites, 224 Site 552, 35 Ellesmere Island, 252 Deep-sea fan photographs from, 254 deposition of, 312 Elphidium biofacies, 195 in Northeast Atlantic, 387 Elphidium-Hanzawaia biofacies, 195 Deep-sea stratigraphy Emery Coalfield, 378 schematic illustration of, 185 Emery Sandstone, 378 Deicke, 224 Encroachment, 47, 52, 58 Delaware 904 Well, 290 England, 236 Delta plain, 57 Alum Bay, 314 Deltaic coastline, 50 Humberside, 207 Deltaic deposition, 135 Englishtown Formation, 294 Deltaic facies Environmental facies, 50 in the Potomac Group, 293 Eocene, 31, 34, 88, 198 Deltaic plain, 48 deep-sea fan, 381 Denmarkian stage, 217 erosional surface, 335 Denmarkian transgression, 224 lithofacies and biofacies analysis, 317 Density-flow mechanisms, 56 sequence boundaries, 331 Eocene, late, 314 Horsetooth Member, J Sandstone, 314 Eocene, middle, 314, 321 Depocenter, 139, 144 Eocene/Oligocene boundary, 317 Deposition system Epeiric seas, 217 fluvial, 129 Epicratonic seas, 217 Depositional equilibrium surface, 64 Equilibrium point, 116 Depositional model definition of, 110 sequence stratigraphy, 310 Equilibrium point position Depositional sequence, 47, 83, 183, 227, 309 and fluvial deposition, 152 Baltimore Canyon Trough, 332 Equilibrium profile boundary, 313 definition of, 110, 129 comparison of study areas, 339 Equilibrium profiles definition of, 283 and eustatic change, 135 from geologic model, 51 Ericson Formation, 287 of Owens and Gohn, 294 Erosion, 48, 50 terminology applied to, 73 Erosional unconformity, 51, 264 Tertiary, 329 Estuarine channel-fill deposits, 314 Depositional setting, 156 Estuarine sediments, 55 as control on carbonate facies development, 162 Europe Depositional shoreline break, 148 central, 86 definition of, 125 European Depositional surface, 47 regressive events, 269 Depositional system, 42 Eustasy, 10, 83, 309, 329 definition of, 110 and relative sea level, 110

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and subsidence, 109 global record of, 31 datum, 3 of the Texas Gulf Coast, 278 definition of, 283 six possible models for cycles, 259 estimated short term, 352 Eustatic sea-level charts estimates for Baltimore Canyon Trough, 352 construction of, 71 estimates for offshore Alabama, 352 new generation of, 71 indirect methods of determining, 3 Eustatic sea-level curve, 323 Paleozoic, mechanism for, 245 Eustatic sea-level rise, 52 sedimentary record of, 6 Evaporite lithofacies use of backstripped subsidence, 6 schematic illustration of, 177 Eustasy estimations Exxon 624-1 well, 331 crustal subsidence curves, 15 forward modeling, 15 hyposometric, 15 Facies oxygen isotopes, 15 aggradational, 54, 56 paleo-bathy metric markers, 15 beach, 50 Vail sediment onlap, 15 calcareous-quartz arenite, 321 Eustatic carbonate, 31 controls on clastic deposition, 109 coastal plain, 55 sea-level curve, 23 coastline, 49 sea-level fluctuation, 53 crevasse deposits, 52 Eustatic change, 19, 47 deltaic, 293 as global control, 124 distribution, 47 equilibrium profile shifts, 135 environmental, 50 illustration of elements of, 115 fluvial, 52, 293 long-term vs. short-term, 376 highstand, 84 rate of, 312 lowstand, 84 Eustatic controls marine, 149 on clastic deposition, 125 paralic, 149 Eustatic curve quartz arenite, 314 Atlantic margin, 289 reservoir, 47 convolution of in modeling, 376 sand-prone, 48, 52, 56 Late Cretaceous, 289 shale-prone, 52 Eustatic cycle chart shale-prone marine, 48 for the Cenozoic, 94 shaley, 52 for the Cretaceous, 96 siliciclastic, 31 for the , 98 transgressive, 50, 84 for the , 100 turbidite, 50, 56 Eustatic cycles Facies and accomodation, 48 second-order, 346 Facies felts, 158 third-order, 346 textural types, illustration, 159 Eustatic estimations Factor and cluster analysis, 290 summary of methods for, 15 Fall River Formation, 287 Eustatic events, 12 Falling sea level, 329 glacial, 8 Fan models Eustatic excursions, 12 of Mutti and Mitchum, 381 Eustatic fall, 44 Fan system and type 1 unconformities, 146 deep-sea, 381 and type 2 unconformities, 146 seismic facies diagram of, 382 effects of, 146 Farallon plate, 25 illustration of, 121 Faunal zone NP1, 304 late, 44 Perron Sandstone, 378 response of topset bed thickness, 117 Fifth-order cycles, 31 Eustatic highstand, 135 Finite element techniques, 20 Eustatic lowstand, 53 Firm ground Eustatic records in coral reefs definition of, 283 in Barbados, 8 First Mancos sandstone, 369 in Indonesia, 8 First-order cycle in New Guinea, 8 as megasequence, 73 Eustatic rise, 44 Flexural moats, 27 early, 44 Flexural stresses, 22 rapid, 44 Flood-plain sediments, 52 response of topset bed thickness, 117 Floodplain aggradation Eustatic rise and fall illustration of, 133 illustration of effects of, 123 Flores, 25 Eustatic sea level change, 54 Fluvial aggradation Eustatic sea-level and reservoir sedimentation, 134 changes and subsidence, 5 illustration of, 135 glacio-eustatic curves, 9 Fluvial deposition global comparison of curves for, 8 and eustatic asymmetry, 151 methods for estimating excursions of, 15 and eustatic change, 150 Eustatic sea-level change, 31, 35 and shifting equilibrium point, 140 for the Triassic, 259 and subsidence rates, 149

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definition of, 126 Glacial terminations, 34 system, 129 Glacio-eustasy, 31 variations, 147 Glacio-eustatic Fluvial facies changes, 19, 26 in the Potomac Group, 293 event, 27 Foraminifera fluctuations, 9, 224 and sequence boundary position, 334 rates of deposition, 162 benthic, 31, 289 sea-level curves, 9 paleoslope models of, 289 Glauconite, 76, 186, 313 tropical planktonic, 31 Glauconitic relict sands, 49 Foraminiferal biofacies, 290 Glauconitic sands, 55 Foreland basins, 27 Glendon Limestone Foreslope facies belt, 160 photo, 321 Forest Hill Sand, 204 Global Forward modeling, 15 circulation patterns, 31 Fossil datums, 72, 74 climate patterns, 31 Fossil taxa coastal-onlap chart, 345 as age indicator, 72 cycle charts, 47, 71, 72 Fossil zonation, 235 ice volume, 31, 35 comparison of regions, 239 isotope patterns, 31 Fossils isotope signal, 32 morphologic change in, 77 oxygen isotope events, 32 Fourth-order cycle Paleozoic cratonic shelf areas, 228 as sequence, 73 sea level fluctuations, 151 Fourth-order cycles, 31 seismic stratigraphic sequences, 61 Fox Hills Formation, 287 stratigraphic correlation, 151 France, 86 stratigraphic framework, 71 Cap d' Antifer, 207 stratigraphy, 92 Fredericksburg Group synchronous subaerial unconformities, 115 Goodland Limestone, 281 synchronous unconformities, 227 Frontier Formation, 287 transgressive events, 269 Fruitland Formation, 378 transgressive/deepening events, 266 Fusulina, 238 Global sea-level curve of Vail and others, 26 G Globigerapsis index, 198 Gallup Coalfield Globigerina eugubina, 302 Mesa Verde Group, 378 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cerroazulensis, 198 Galuconitic-phosphatic hardground, 208 Globorotalia cerroazulensis cocoaensis, 198 Gamma-ray log, 257 Globotruncana elevata, 294 "hot" intervals, 317 Globotruncana calcarata, 294 response, 199 Globotruncana gansseri, 294 with stratigraphic cross section, 253 Globotruncana stuartiformis, 294 Gannett Formation, 287 Gondwanaland Geochemistry, 183 glaciation in, 224 Geochronologic units, 73 Gosport Sand, 314, 319 Geochronology, 76 Graphic correlation Geohistory analysis, 329 definition of, 283 Baltimore Canyon Trough, 335 of Cretaceous sea-level curves, 275 offshore Alabama, 335 Gravel Creek Sand Member Geohistory plot of the Nanafalia Formation, 319 diagram of, 7 Grayburg Formation, 167, 189 Geologic model Great Britain, 227 conclusions, 69 Green River basin, 378 discussion of examples, 59 Greenhorn Formation, 287 discussion of implications, 68 Greenland, 235, 262 examples, 57, 58 Guadalupe Mountains implications for seismic stratigraphy, 67 Last Chance Canyon, 189 output from, 54 Guadalupian, 238 parameters, 53 Gulf Basin siliciclastic sequences, 59 cross section of, 174 time/space examples, 60 Gulf Coast with moderate sediment influx, 64 paleodepth curve, 279 with rapid sediment influx, 63 sea-level curves, 275 with sediment influx variable, 60 Gulf Coast Stages, 319 with stillstands, 63 Gulf of Mexico, 338 Geologic modeling, 47 Geologic time H calibration of, 72 Hammett Shale, 281 Geological model Hardground, 277 geometry and parameters, 53 definition of, 283 Geomorphology, 56 marine, 183, 303 Glacial fluctuations paleontologic hiatus, 319 as mechanisms of sea-level change, 19 Hatchitigbee Formation

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Bashi Marl Member, 321 evidence for fluctuations in, 24 Hawaiian Islands, 27, 80 modeling of, 27 Heiberg Formation, 251 Iowa Henry Mountains, 378 Decorah, 218 Hettangian, 93, 266 Guttenberg, 218 Hiatal surface, 48, 62, 66, 254 Indium, 186 Highstand, 285 Iridium anomalies, 205 depositional system, 138 near Braggs, 299 deposits, 68, 312 Iridium distribution deposits and sea level, 295 near Braggs, 304 progradation, 62 Island Beach well, 331 regression model, 286 Isostacy Highstand systems tract, 43, 44, 84 Airy's concept of, 7 carbonate, and accumulation rates, 163 Isotope discussion of, 126 chronostratigraphy, 31, 35 HST, 300 ratios, 8 illustration of, 111, 113, 126 records, 31 prograded, 196 Italy, 86 vs. shelf margin systems tract, 145 Dolomite Mountains, 177 Hilliard Formation, 287 Himalayan collision events, 26 J-Sandstone Formation, 287 Hinge, 53, 148 Jabal Akhdar, 281 point location, 348 Jackson Formation, 201 Holocene, 160, 363 Jackson Stage, 204, 319 depositional sequence, illustration, 195 James Limestone, 281 Hornbeck Member, 357 Java-Sumatra trench, 25 Hornerstown Formation, 294 Judith River Formation, 287 Horquila Limestone, 229 Jurassic, 79, 92, 167, 170, 174, 255 Hoyle Bay Formation chronostratigraphic and eustatic-cycle chart, 98 Cape Richards Member, 251 coastal-onlap curve for, 262 Eden Bay Member, 251 paleomagnetic studies of, 82 HPC regressive events due to regional tectonics, 269 see Hydraulic Piston Corer, 74 sea level, 23 Humberside sea-level curve by Hallam, 270 South Ferriby section, 207 sea-level curve for, 6, 262 Hungary, 82, 86 Jurassic sequences, 108 Hydraulic Piston Corer, 74 Jurassic, late, 75 Hyposographic curve see also Hyposometric curve, 3 K Hyposometric curves, 3, 12 K-bentonites, 220 K-T boundary, 299 I and geochemical anomalies, 305 Illinois basin, 26, 229 biostratigraphy of in Braggs, 303 Incised-valley fill, 42, 138, 312 in central Alabama, 301 Incised-valley systems, 50 lithostratigraphy of in Braggs, 302 Incised-valley-fill surface, 314 sequence stratigraphy of in Braggs, 305 Indian Ocean, 82, 381 K/Ar age estimates, 76 intraplate stress fields in, 24 Kaiata Mudstone, 198 Indo-Australian plate, 25 Kaiparowits Coalfield, 378 Indonesia, 164 Kakwa Member, 357 Indus fan, 381 gamma-ray log profiles, 358 aggradational zone, 386 log and core cross section, 361 bathymetry map, 384 Kansas, 234 degradational zone, 386 Karr Member, 364 discussion of, 383 Karst, 313 sedimentation model, 385 Keep-up carbonate systems transitional zone, 386 definition of, 163 Inflection point, 148 Keep-up deposition F, 111, 149 rates of, 162 on eustatic curve, 110 Keep-up systems tract R, 111 interpretation of, 179 significance of, 111 Kimmeridgian, 93, 268 Inner coastal plain margin, 58 Kirkfieldian stage, 223 Integrated chronology, 78 Kolob-Alton Coalfield, 378 Intercalated neritic deposits, 53 International Stratigraphic Guide, 73 Intertonguing pattern, 56 Intracratonic basins, 25, 27 La Casita Formation, 277 Intraplate Ladinian, 176, 251 stress fields, 19 Lagoonal facies, 177 Intraplate seismicity, 25 Lagoonal sediment, 52, 135 Intraplate stress fields Lakota Formation, 287

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Lance Formation, 287 Maestrichtian/Danian boundary, 318 Last Chance Canyon Magnetic chron C12, 75 photograph showing stratal geometry in, 190 Magnetic data Lava flows, 76 sources of error in, 77 Line of correlation Magnetic stratigraphy definition of, 283 near Braggs, 304 Lithofacies, 151 Magnetic-anomaly profiles analysis across Cretaceous/Tertiary, 318 seafloor, 72 analysis across Eocene/Oligocene, 317 Magnetic-polarity chrons, 72 interpretation in Delaware Basin, 161 Magnetic-polarity reversals, 71 Lithofacies distribution, 155 events, 74 major variables that control, 155 Magnetic-reversal stratigraphy Lithology, 200 of the Triassic, 82 Lithosphere Magnetobiochronostratigraphy changing mechanical properties of, 20 data integration for, 73 continental, 20 Magnetobiostratigraphy, 71 cooling of, 47 in cycle chart construction, 72 deflection of, 19, 21, 22 Magnetostratigraphic events deformation of, 26 calibration of, 74 depth-dependent rheology of, 22 Magnetostratigraphy, 71, 82 elastic models of, 21 illustration using, 185 horizontal stresses in, 19, 24 Magothy Formation, 294 oceanic, 20, 22 Main Pass, 335 perturbation of, 22 Main Pass 154 well thermal contraction of, 20 geohistory curve, 346 viscoelastic models of, 21 Manlius Formation, 6 Lithospheric flexure, 217, 221 Mannville Formation, 285 Lithostratigraphic units, 73 Marginotruncana concavata, 294 Lithostratigraphy Marginotruncana Helvetica and chronostratigraphy, 324 in the Turonian, 294 Little Totara Sand, 198 Marine hiatal surfaces, 49 Local factors Marine-current systems, 49 climate, 125 Marine-flooding surfaces, 39 sediment supply, 125 Marsh sediments, 52 subsidence, 125, 148 Marshaltown Formation, 290 tectonics, 125 Matthews Landing Marl Member Louisiana, 170 of the Porter's Creek Formation, 314 shelf, 195 Mauddud Formation, 281 Lower Triassic Maximum flooding surface, 121, 300 data integration within, 91 McKamie Patton Field, 178 outcrop studies of, 90 McMurray Formation, 287 Lowstand, 285 Mediterranean Lowstand delta, 312 Cenozoic basins in, 26 Lowstand deltaic sedimentation, 50 Megasequence, 93 Lowstand deposits Membrane stresses, 25 illustration of, 148 Mendana Fracture zone, 25 shelf-perched, 146 Merchantville Formation, 294 Lowstand fan, 140, 187 Meridian Sand, 316 deposits, 383 Meridian Sand Member, 319 Lowstand fan time Mesaverde Formation, 287 photo, 142 , 31, 79, 92, 227 Lowstand sea level glacial events, 19 as basin-wide erosional surface, 286 sea-level cycle charts, 71 Lowstand systems tract, 42, 44, 188 time scales for, 71 definition of, 171 Mexico, 277 discussion of, 139 Mianwali Formation, 91 illustration of, 112, 127 Michigan reef trend, 178 Lowstand wedge, 42, 44, 83, 138, 139, 188, 312 Microplanktonic biohorizons, 72 definition of, 142 Mid-Atlantic Ridge, 78 deposits, 383 Middle Devonian Basin, 178 distal, 143 Middle Loup River, 132 illustration of, 144, 145 Midland Basin, 167 Lutetian Midway Field, 170 discussion of sequence boundaries in, 88 Midway Shale, 339 Lytle Formation, 287 Midway Stage, 204, 319 Milburn Dam, 134 M Milk River Formation M-series megnetic anomalies, 92 Virgelle Member, 368 ages of, 84 Millbrig K-bentonites, 224 Maastrichtian Miller's Ferry, 301 eustatic fall, 299, 304 Minnesota Maastrichtian, late, 299, 304 Greenleafton, 218 Maestrichtian, 287, 294 Rochester, 218

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St. Paul, 218 Nondeposition, 41, 49 Mint Springs, 198 Nondepositional surfaces, 48 Mint Springs Marl, 322 Norian, 251 Miocene, 79, 158, 164, 191, 329, 383 Norian-Rhaetian Baltimore Canyon Trough, 336 stratigraphy, 257 clinoforms, 335 North America, 227 erosional unconformity, 335 midcontinent, 217 glacial events, 19 North American plate, 26 sequences, 331 North Atlantic Basin, 82 slope erosion and onlap, 344 North Carolina Mississippi River, 137 New Hanover County, 314 Missouri Fender County, 314, 321 Kimmswick, 218 North Sea New London, 218 crustal-subsidence diagram of, 7 Missouri River, 130 histograms of subsidence of, 23 Model Nosehill Member, 357 stratigraphic sequence depositional, 88 Numerical time scale Modeling tuning of, 76 basin filling, 47 Nwnmulites, 322 Mohawk Valley, 223 Nummulites laevigatus, 88 Molluscan molds, 88 Nummulites preswichianus, 314 Mowry Formation, 287 Mowry Shale, 316 O Mt. Laurel Formation, 290 Oblique-slip zones, 26 Mudlump borehold Ocean Drilling Program, 74 at mouth of Mississippi River, 196 Oceanic Multiple cycles, 49 oxygen isotope events, 31 Murray Harbour Formation paleotemperature change, 31 Eldridge Bay Member, 251 Oceanic Anoxic Event, 207 Musreau Member, 357 ODP Mussell Creek, 301 see Ocean Drilling Program, 74 Of flap, 62 N Offshore bars, 357 Nahr Umr Formation, 277, 281 discussion, 369 Nammal Gorge, 91 events in origin of, 368 Namurian Stage, 227 transgressive, 369 Nanafalia Formation Oligocene, 26, 93, 191, 198, 383 Gravel Creek Sand Member, 319 erosional unconformity, 335 Nannofossil lithofacies and biofacies analysis, 317 zones N10-N14, 331 sea-level fall, 335 Natih Formation, 277 unconformities in, 19 Natuna Field, 176 unconformity, 331 Navesink Formation, 294 Oligocene, early, 75 Nazca plate, 25 Oligocene, late Nebraska sequence, 331 Middle Loup River, 132 Oligocene-Miocene Milburn Dam, 134 abyssal circulation changes, 23 Negative accomodation, 48 carbon isotope cycles of, 23 Neogene, 31, 34, 74, 329 Oman, 275 eustatic highstands, 350 Oman Mountains Neostratotype Lower Cretaceous section, 281 of the Lutetian, 88 Onlap marine sequences, 56 New Egypt Formation, 294 Onlap/offlap, 20 New Jersey seismic stratigraphic patterns, 26 chronostratigraphic chart, 332 sequences, 19 coastal plain, 289 successions, 21 estimated sea level, 351 Onlapping cycles, 65 eustatic curve for, 289 Oolite, 230 offshore interpreted seismic line, 336 , 242 offshore study area, 330 Ordovician, middle New Mexico paleogeography, 218 Carlsbad, 161 transgression, 217 New space added, 110 Osmington Oolite Formation, 264 illustration of, 145 , 92, 302 New York Ostrea thirsae, 204 Black River Valley, 218 Otoceras, 250 Central, 6 Otto Fiord, 252 Mohawk River Valley, 218 Outcrop sections, 192 New Zealand Outcrop studies North Otago Region, 192 some examples of, 85 South Canterbury Region, 192 Overbank deposits, 384 South Island, 191 Oxfordian, 93, 170, 264, 268, 275 Niobrara Formation, 287 Oxygen isotope, 200

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modeling, 32 retrogradational, 145 ratio in sea water, 12, 31 sets, 39 record, 31 stacking pattern, 129 shift, 198 stacking patterns, 40 stratigraphy, 31 Parasequence scale Oxygen isotope record, 194 and eustatic rise or fall, 121 as relative measure of eustasy, 9 Parasequences, 299, 316 Oxygen isotope stratigraphy backstepping marine, 299 as independent check of eustasy, 35 cross-section of regional, 301 Oxygen isotope variations Parent-daughter isotope ratio, 76 as age indicator, 72 Paris Basin, 88 Oxygen minimum, 319 Passive margin Oxygen-minimum zone, 207 processes, 20 Ozark Uplift, 224 Passive margins, 19, 25 continental lithosphere at, 22 Pat Bay Formation, 251 p Pearsall Formation, 280 Pachuta Marl, 198 Bexar Shale Member, 281 Pacific Ocean, 82 Peats, 6 Deep Sea Drilling Project, 32 Peedee Formation, 321 seafloor spreading profiles, 78 Rocky Point Member, 314 Pacific plate, 27 Pennsylvanian, 227 Pacific-Antarctic Ridge, 78 Permian, 90, 161, 167, 229 PACs coastal-onlap curve for, 243 see Punctuated Aggradation Cycles, 6 Permian Basin, 147 Pakistan Permian, early, 227 Salt Range, 85 Permo-Triassic boundary, 90 Paleo-sea level Peru-Chile trench, 25 technique for estimating, 289 Peruvian trench, 25 Paleo-stress field, 19 Phosphate pebbles, 313 in the Pacific plate, 27 Phosphorites, 49, 55, 69 Paleo-stress state, 27 Pictured Cliffs Sandstone, 378 Paleobathymetric change, 289 Pierre Formation, 287 Paleobathymetry Pine Barren Member, 200 as datum, 7 Planktonic foraminiferal zone Pla, 302 Paleobiogeography, 75 Planktonic microfossils, 9 Paleocene controls on distribution of, 185 deep-sea fan, 381 Planktonic-datum events, 75 Gulf Coast rocks, 314 Planulina biofacies, 195 progradational wedge, 335 Plate sequence boundaries, 331 fragmentation, 19 Paleocene PI zone rifting, 19 of Olsson and Wise, 294 Plate motion patterns, 25 Paleocurrent Plate-tectonic forces, 25, 26 direction of gravity flows, 218 Platform margin, 159 Paleodepth curve, 289 Pleistocene, 31, 34, 93 of the Gulf Coast, 279 Pleistocene, Late Paleofusulina simplex, 238 eustatic sea-level curve for, 8, 9 Paleofusulina sinenus, 238 Pliensbachian, 266 Paleogene, 75, 77 Pliocene, 71, 93 Gulf basin stratigraphy, 205, 206 highstand maximum, 344 outcrops in the Gulf and Atlantic Basins, 309 sequences, 335 Paleogeographic mapping, 4, 12 Pliocene, early Paleogeography, 81 highstand, 329 Paleomagnetic Pliocene, late, 331 magnetic-polarity reversals, 86 Plutonic rocks, 76 Paleomagnetic stratigraphy, 183 POGO Paleontologic age control, 71 position of, 14 Paleoslope models see also Point of greatest onlap, 11 for the Campanian, 291 Point of greatest onlap (POGO), 11 for the Maestrichtian, 291 Polarity chrons, 72, 77 of foraminifera, 289 Pollen Zone II, 294 paleobathymetry derived from, 295 Pollen Zone III, 294 steps in completion of, 292 Polydiexodina, 238 Paleozoic, 31, 165 Porcupine Basin, 381 transgressive-regressive deposition, 227 discussion of fans in, 387 Paleozoic, early, 224 fan location in, 389 Palimpsest sediments seismic strike line from, 391 distribution of in Gulf in Mexico, 197 Porter's Creek Formation Paralic/deltaic sediments, 145, 150 Matthews Landing Marl Member, 314 Parasequence, 39, 43 Portlandian, 93 definition of, 110, 158 Postdepositional diagenesis, 31

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Potomac Group Relative sea level, 3, 4, 47, 110 fluvial and delataic facies in, 293 charts, 16 Prairie Bluff Formation, 299 curve, 12 Chalk, 314 eustacy and subsidence, 116 Pre-Neogene, 74 eustasy and differential subsidence, 119 Predictive depositional model, 155 eustasy and subsidence, 130 Priabonian Stage, 198 fall calculation, 348 Priabonian/Rupelian boundary, 198, 322 Relative sea-level change Prodelta clinoform slope, 50 during the Aptian-Cenomanian, 282 Prodelta sand wedge, 50 in Western Interior, 285 Prodelta sediments, 49 Relative sea-level curve, 156 Progradation, 51, 52, 54 Relative subsidence, 22 coastline, 49 Relative uplift, 21 Progradation/transgression cycle, 68 Relict sediments Progradational distribution of in Gulf of Mexico, 197 basin filling, 47 Retrogradation, 52, 54, 63 continental margin, 51 Retrogradational parasequences, 145 geometry, 56 Rhaetian, 251 parasequence sets, 40 Rhizocorallium, 366 Progradational beach environment Rhone delta plain, 363 illustration of, 136 Ridge axes, 47 Progradational event Ridge push, 24 origin of stacking geometries of, 373 Rip-up clasts, 313 "seaward stepping," 373 Ripley Formation, 301, 314 vertically stacked, 373 Roche Point Formation Prograding continental margin, 52 Cape Caledonia Member, 251 Prograding delta environment Chads Point Member, 251 illustration of, 137 Gore Point Member, 251 Progressive onlap, 10 Rock Springs Formation, 287, 378 Proterozoic, 224 Rocklandian stage, 217 Providence Formation, 301 Rocky Mountains, 378 Pseudohastigerina sp., 75 Ancestral, 229 Punctuated Aggradation Cycles, 6 Rocky Point Member Pyrenean basin, 26 of the Peedee Formation, 314 Pyrenees, 142 Rooster Bridge, 301 Rotalipora cushmani, 294 Q Rugotruncana subcircumnodifer, 294 Quaternary Rupelian/Chattian boundary, 93 sediments, 89 Russian platform, 229

R S Radiochronology, 72 Sabine Stage, 209, 316, 319 Radiolarian events, 92 Sabkha facies, 177 Radiometric Salil Formation, 277 contradictory ages, 314 Salt Range, 90 data, sources of error in, 76 San Andres Formation, 164, 189 dates for the Cenozoic, 79 San Juan basin, 378 time scales, 314 Sand continuity patterns, 47 Raritan Formation, 294 Sand-prone facies, 48, 52, 56 Raven River Member, 364 Sands Ravinement surface glauconitic, 69 see also transgressive surface, 285 lenticular point-bar, 66 Rayda Formation, 277 Santa Rose Canyon section, 277 Rb/Sr age estimates, 76 Santee Limestone Reciprocal averaging ordination, 217 photo, 321 Recurrent lobe abandonment, 137 Santeelampas ovirformis, 322 Red Bluff Clay, 198, 322 Santonian, 287, 294 Redbank Formation, 294 Santonian-Campanian, 368 Reduced clastic influx, 49 Scythian, 90 Regional platforms, 156 Sea level Regional ramps, 156 data integration for cycle charts of, 72, 73 Regional sea-level changes, 27 definition of, 284 Regional tectonics, 83 documentation of change, 83 Regional unconformities estimates for Alabama and New Jersey, 351 types of, 285 estimates of magnitude of change, 33 Regression excursions, 4 coastline, 48 from seismic-sequence interpretations, 32 definition of, 284 highstands, 349 Regressive sequence, 49 lowstands, 350 Regressive-transgressive cycle methods for measuring, 12 see also T-R cycle, 285 precise dating of events, 72 Reichelina spp., 238 rates of rise, 219

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reconstruction of history of, 221 Seismic-sequence sinusoidal fluctuations of, 69 boundaries, 48 tectonic causes of change, 27 Seismo-tectonic Sea level change studies of Weins and Stein, 20 from stratigraphic data, 346 Sequence, 39 in deep-sea fan systems, 381 and sequence boundaries, 125 measurement of, 217 boundary patterns, 33 measurement of in epicratonic seas, 219 chronostratigraphy, 71 Sea level curve chronozones, 93 for Europe, 287 continental margin, 183 for the Cretaceous, 276 definition of, 110, 125 for the Jurassic, 270 depositional, 47 for the United States, 287 geometry, 53 from facies sequence data, 263 models, 125 reconstructed, 220 progradational depositional, 49 Seafloor magnetic profiles, 77 sharp-based shoreface, 357 Seafloor spreading siliclastic depositional, 51 comparison of rates, 78 Sequence boundary, 47, 48, 83, 84 comparison of ratios, 74 Baltimore Canyon Trough, 334 profiles, 78 Offshore Alabama, 334 rates of, 78, 82 Sequence stratigraphy, 39, 83, 183, 289 Seafloor subsidence, 109 analysis of outcrops, 85 Seasat altimeter data, 22 and coastal-plain outcrop stratigraphy, 313 Second-order Atlantic Basin, 309 lowstand deposits, 345 concepts, 309 Second-order cycle, 31, 256 definition of, 110 as supersequence, 73 depositional model, 310 Second-order sequences Gulf Basin, 309 schematic illustration of, 347 interpretation of U.S.G.S. Braggs Test Well, 306 Sediment models, 72 loading, 20 sedimentation rates and tectonics, 322 supply rates, 31 terminology, 44 Sediment accumulation curve, 48 Sequence types Sediment accumulation rate, 217 Type 1, 125 Sediment aggradation, 12 Type 2, 125 chart of, 4 Serravalian, early, 344 from seismic reflection data, 4 Serravalian, middle Sediment bypass, 139 sea-level falls, 331 Sediment deposition Serravalian, 93 modeling, 371 Shale Sediment deposition model Midway, 339 accommodation potential, 374 Mowry, 316 effects of eustasy and subsidence, 375 Skull Creek, 316 Sediment influx, 47, 48, 62, 312 Shale-prone marine facies, 48 Sediment loading, 47 Shales, 69 Sediment onlap curve, 4 black organic, 49 Sediment starvation, 84, 312 Shaley facies, 52 Sediment supply, 10, 110, 119 Sharp-based shoreface, 357 Sediment-bypass zone, 52 core through, photo, 360 Sedimentary geometry interpretation of, 362 illustration of model, 13 Shelf area, 312 simulation of, 12 Shelf break, 42 Sedimentary limits vs. time Shelf edge illustration of, 14 stacked, 331 Sedimentary prism, 53 Shelf margin systems tract, 83 Sedimentary response, 11 discussion of, 144 Sedimentary strata, 44 illustration of, 129 Sedimentary wedge, 53 Shelf margin wedge, 83 modeled, 53 Shelf margin wedge (SMW), 300 Sedimentation Shelf position, 312 and rapid eustatic fall, 141 Shelf sediments and slow eustatic fall, 131 in Alberta, 369 lowstand deltaic, 50 Shelf slope break, 142 Sedimentation and sea-level change, 48 She If-margin systems tract, 42, 43 Seismic sequence, 61 illustration of, 114 definition of, 284 Shelf-perched lowstand deposits, 146 Seismic sequences Shell No. 1 Chapman well, 277 as time-stratigraphic units, 62 Shermanian stage, 223 Seismic stratigraphic record, 19 Shifting equilibrium profile Seismic stratigraphy, 183, 309 and eustatic-fall asymmetry, 152 sea-level fluctuations inferred from, 23 Ship Rock sandstone, 369 Seismic-onlap cycles, 4 Shoreface

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response to sea level change, 363 Subaerial Shoreface sequences accommodation, 119 gradationally based, 359 accommodation, illus., 133 sharp and gradational, illustration, 359 erosion, 129 sharp-based, 359 erosion surface, 48 Shoreline, 139 hiatus, 300 vs. bay line, 118 truncation, 155 Shuaiba Formation, 277 Subduction zone, 24, 25 Shubuta Clay, 198, 322 Submarine canyons, 339 Siliceous plankton, 75 Submarine erosion, 155 Siliciclastic Submarine fan facies, 31 definition of, 140 sediment, 42 Subsidence, 10, 47, 51 Siliciclastic sequences, 47, 51, 156 calculation of, 349 Simulation fault related, 338 of depositional history, 10 flexural, 338 of progradational basin filling, 47 rates of, 31 Sinemurian, 266 salt-related, 338 regressive event, 264 thermo-tectonic, 338 Sinusoidal eustatics, 31, 35 Subsidence curves, 20 Skate Member, 257 Subsidence processes, 19 Skull Creek Formation, 287, 316 Subsidence rate Skybattle Formation, 251 illustration of effects of, 120 Slab pull, 24, 25 thermo-tectonic, 348 Sligo Formation, 280 Subsiding margin, 54 Slope fan, 42, 143 Sunda arc, 25 Slope front fill, 312 Supercycle Smackover Limestone, 170 boundaries, 3445 Smithian, 251 Supersequence, 93 South Atlantic Basin, 82 second-order, 344 South Carolina Sverdrup Basin Georgetown County, 321 eustatic sea-level changes in, 254 Spain Stratigraphic cross section of, 252, 253, 257 Pyrenees, 142 Triassic stratigraphy, 251 Sparta Sand, 201 Switzerland, 82, 86 Spathian, 251 Syndepositional tectonism, 223 Sphenolithus distentus, 75 Synthems, 309 Spirit River Formation, 365 Synthesizing stratigraphies, 220 Spitzbergen, 235 Synthetic Stratigraphic column, 49 Sr isotope from sediment deposition model, 375 ratios, 72 Systems tract, 39, 156, 187 Stacked subsidence curves, 12 definition of, 110 Stage boundaries, 79 diagram, 203 Stage stratotypes, 73 highstand, 43, 44, 125 Stages lowstand, 42, 44, 125 as chronostratigraphic units, 73 models, 125 Straight Cliffs Formation, 378 shelf-margin, 42, 125 Strandline markers, 12 transgressive, 44, 125 Stratal pattern and high rate of subsidies, 153 and low rate of eustatic fall, 153 T Stratigraphic column, 77 T-R cycle Stratigraphic correlation, 71, 183 and eustasy, 253 Stratigraphic framework definition of, 249 Baltimore Canyon Trough, 329 third-order, 372 offshore Alabama, 335 Taconic Orogeny, 223 Stratigraphic history, 12 Taconic Trench, 220 Stratigraphic section Tallahatta Formation, 319 comparison of regions, 230, 234, 236 Tamaulipas Formation Stratigraphic sequence Otates Member, 280 depositional model, 88 Tasman Sea, 26 Stratigraphy Tatarian, 93 table of terminology, 75 TE 2 supercycle, 322, 324 unified terminology of, 73 Tectonic Stratotype hinge, 138 of the Clairborne, Stage, 319 hinge point, 349 Stream-mouth bar, 50 mechanisms, 19, 27 Stress fields model, 19 comparison of in various plates, 25 movement, 11 Stress patterns, 26 subsidence, illustration, 118 Structural hinge, 53 subsidence, local effects, 4 Stuart City formation, 280 uplift, 9

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Tectonic model Transgressive deposits, 316 for fluctuations in apparent sea level, 20 and rising sea level, 295 Tectonism, 31, 76 Transgressive events Temporal variations in stress, 25 correlation of, 281 Tensional regional stress field, 26 Transgressive facies, 50 Terminology Transgressive surface, 43, 44, 84, 85, 285, 312 need for consistent chronostratigraphic, 73 discussion of, 314 stratigraphic, 73 Transgressive systems tract, 43, 44, 188 used in cycle charts, 92 definition of, 156 Terrigenous sediments, 121 discussion of, 145, 171 Terrigenous-rich expanded sections, 301 illustration of, 113, 128 Tertiary, 287 TST, 300 chronostratigraphy, 345 Transgressive-regressive coastal onlap, 345 cycles, 249, 372 epeirogenic uplift in, 3 deposition, 229 Tertiary depositional sequences, 329 depositional sequences, 227 Baltimore Canyon Trough, 336 Tredian Formation, 91 offshore Alabama, 340 Trench systems, 25 Tertiary, Early, 79 Triassic, 92, 93, 176, 250 Tertiary, Late carbonate sequences, 177 sea-level curves for, 6 chronostratigraphic and eustatic-cycle chart, 100 Terumbu Formation, 178 linear time scale, 82 Terumbu Platform, 158, 167 magnetic-reversal stratigraphy, 82 Tethyan radiometric data on, 82 ammonoid zones, 92 sequences, 108 Tethyan Ocean, 26 strata distribution of in Sverdrup Basin, 250 Texas, 229, 277 stratigraphic cross section, 252, 253 Bee County, 280 stratigraphy of Sverdrop Basin, 251 Guadalupe Mountains, 166 T-R cycles, 253 Permian Basin, 147 transgressions, comparison of, 258 shelf, 195 Trinity River Waller County, 280 composite section, 281 Thanetian, early, 319 Trinity River Composite, 277 Thermal cooling model, 348 Truncation, 5, 85 Thermo-tectonic modeling, 19 Turbidite depositional systems Thermo-tectonic models, 12 types of, 382 Thermotectonic-subsidence curves, 6 Turbidite facies, 50, 56 Third-order Turbidite fans, 52 depositional sequences, 345 Turbidity currents Third-order cycles, 31, 73, 256, 295 channelled, 384 causes of, 19 Turonian, 287 in the Cretaceous, diagram, 373 Type 1 carbonate sequence sea-level change in, 19 illustration of, 176 Third-order T-R cycles, 372 Type 1 depositional sequence, 189 Tidal-flat facies, 158 diagram of, 203 Tidalites, 158 discussion of, 312 Tigris-Euphrates Delta illustration of, 310 illustration, 138 Type 1 sequence, 83, 109, 138, 300 Tigris-Euphrates River, 138 definition of, 125 Time and rock relationships, 44 Type 1 sequence boundary, 41 Time scales definition of, 156 for the Cenozoic, 71 discussion, 165, 168 for the Mesozoic, 71 examples of, 168 Timing Type 1 unconformities, 295 of turbidity-current events, 381 and rapid eustatic falls, 109 Tinton Formation, 294 Type 1 unconformity, 67, 120, 261 Tithonian, 268 definition of, 125 Toarcian, 266 illustration of, 143 Tombigbee River, 301 Type 1 vs. Type 2 depositional sequence Toms River Well, 290 illustration of, 311 Toplap, 5 Type 2 depositional sequences, 189 Toplapping progradation, 10 correlation surfaces, 210 Total Organic Carbon, 321 discussion of, 313 Transgressive surface, 186 illustration of, 310 Transgressive-system tract, 83 Type 2 sequence, 83, 109 Transco Wells, 290 definition of, 125 Transgression, 48, 49, 55 platform/bank margin wedge, 178 definition of, 284 Type 2 sequence boundary, 42 Transgression/regression definition of, 156 shoreline location, 5 illustration, 157 Transgressive stratal patterns in, 43 glauconitic shelf unit, 294 Type 2 unconformities

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and slow eustatic falls, 109 Waskahigan Member Type 2 unconformity, 68, 120, 261, 300 illustration of origin of, 367 illustration of, 138 photos of typical features, 366 relationship to Burnstick Member, 364 U Water depth U.S.G.S. as function of stratigraphic position, 217 Braggs #1 Test Well, 306 Water temperature Line 25, 290 affect on marine carbonates, 31 U.S.S.R., 86 Waynesboro Sand Member Unconformity, 39, 48 of the Chickasawhay Limestone, 319 definition of, 110, 155, 284 Weathering, 76 United States Wedge Western Interior, 371 basinally restricted onlapping evaporite, 178 Upper bounding surface, 62 Wenonah Formation, 290 Utah, 378 Western Europe Uvigerina spp. paleo-stress orientations in, 25 indicative of lower oxygen conditions, 198 Western Interior Seaway, 357, 378 Wheeler diagram V see also Chronostratigraphic chart, 5 Vail aggradation curve, 10 White Lias Formation Valanginian, 93, 275 Langport Member, 264 Vicksburg Stage, 201, 319 Whiteinella archeocretacea, 207 Victorian Peak Formation, 166 Wilcox Group, 201 Viking Formation, 369 Wilcox Stage, 204 Viosca Knoll, 335 Wisconsin Viosca Knoll 30 well Dickeyville, 218 geohistory curve, 346 Wisconsin Arch, 221 Virgelle Member, 368 Wisconsinan Visean, 230 depositional sequence, illustration, 195 Volcanic complexes, 27 Wolfcampian, 161 Volcanic extrusives, 76 Woodbine Formation, 281 Volcanic-ash layer, 224 Woodbury Formation, 290 geochemically fingerprinted, 217 Wyoming, 285 Green River basin, 378 W Wadi Bani Kharus, 277 Y Wadi Maidin, 277 Yazoo Clay, 198 Wadi Tanuf, 277 Yegua Formation, 201 Wapiabi Formation, 358, 364 Ypresian, 93 Chungo Member, 368 Ypressian, late, 319 Wasatch Plateau Deep Coalfield, 378 Washita Group Buda Limestone, 281 Z Kiamichi Shale, 281 Zones of active transport, 48

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