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Abstracts Poster Presentations 22nd Congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics 21–25 August 2007 - Copenhagen - Denmark Abstracts Poster presentations 22nd Congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics 21–25 August 2007 - Copenhagen - Denmark P-1 A Comparison of Three Automated DNA Purification Methods in Forensic Casework MSc Christina Valgren, Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science, Sweden Manual Chelex®-100 and organic extractions (phenol/chloroform) are used as routine extraction methods at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science, SKL. The aim of this study was to find an automated DNA purification system to replace the organic method. The following methods were evaluated and compared to each other and to the organic method used routinely BioRobot® EZ1 with EZ1 DNA Investigator Kit and Card (Qiagen GmbH), iPrep™ Purification Instrument with iPrep™ ChargeSwitch® Forensic Kit and Card (Invitrogen), Magnatrix™ 1200 Workstation with the Magnatrix™ gDNA Blood Kit Forensic and Forensic protocol A and experimentally programmed protocol B (Magnetic Biosolutions). Blood on fats, cotton swabs, moist snuff, paper towels and leather, post-mortem blood and tissue were extracted with the different methods. DNA concentration and quality of the electropherograms were examined. Individual comparisons between the three extraction methods showed that iPrep™ and Magnatrix™ 1200 gave significantly lower mean quantities compared to BioRobot® EZ1 and the organic extraction method (p<0.05). There was no significant difference between the latter two. BioRobot® EZ1 generated the best results on these types of samples and will be validated for routine analysis at SKL. At this point it will replace the organic extraction for most types of samples. P-2 Evaluation of the Differex™ System MSc Christina Valgren, Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science, Sweden Differential extraction is an efficient method to separate sperm cells from epithelial cells. A manual Chelex®-100 based method is used at the Swedish National Laboratory of Forensic Science, SKL. The Differex™ System (Promega) uses a Proteinase K digestion of epithelial cells followed by centrifugation and phase separation. The sperm- and epithelial fractions are further purified with DNA IQ™ System (Promega) or with phenol/cloroform. The Differex™ System in combination with DNA IQ™ System were evaluated and compared to the Chelex®- 100 method used routinely. After modifications, the Differex™ System gave comparable results to the Chelex®-100 method. The modifications included additional Protienase K and DTT, longer incubation time and additional steps when removing the solid support from the Digestion Solution. In the Chelex®-100 based method microscopic examination is done on the sperm pellet in a total volume of 50 µl. It was not possible to do a microscopic examination in less than 100 µl using the Differex™ System. Additionally the sperms were in clusters of epithelial cell debris. Microscopic examination is an important part of the differential extraction at SKL. Therefore the Differex™ System will not be implemented at our laboratory. 22nd Congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics 21–25 August 2007 - Copenhagen - Denmark P-3 A Multiplexed System for Quantification of Human DNA and Human Male DNA and Detection of PCR Inhibitors in Biological Samples Maura Barbisin, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City CA 94404, USA Pius M. Brzoska, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City CA 94404, USA Lisa M. Calandro, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City CA 94404, USA Jaiprakash G. Shewale, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City CA 94404, USA Manohar R. Furtado, Applied Biosystems, 850 Lincoln Centre Drive, Foster City CA 94404, USA Forensic analysts routinely encounter samples containing DNA mixtures from male and female contributors. To obtain interpretable STR profiles and select the appropriate STR analysis methodology, it is desirable to determine relative quantities of male and female DNA, and detect PCR inhibitors. We describe a Multiplex Assay for simultaneous quantification of human and human male DNA using the ribonuclease P RNA component H1 (RPPH1) human target and the sex determining region Y (SRY) male-specific target. A synthetic oligonucleotide sequence was co-amplified as an internal PCR control. Standard curves were generated using human male genomic DNA. The SRY and RPPH1 assays demonstrated human specificity with minimal cross-reactivity to DNA from other species. Reproducible DNA concentrations were obtained within a range of 0.023 to 50 ng/µl. The assay was highly sensitive, detecting as little as 25 pg/µl of human male DNA in the presence of a thousand-fold excess of human female DNA. The ability of the assay to predict PCR inhibition was demonstrated by shifted IPC Ct values in the presence of increasing quantities of hematin and humic acid. We also demonstrate the correlation between the Multiplex Assay quantification results and the strength of STR profiles generated using the AmpFlSTR® PCR Amplification Kits. P-4 Fast PCR amplification of AmpFlSTR Identifiler Dr. Kazuhiko Tsukada, Nagano Police H.Q., Japan Miss Maiko Nojiri, Nagano Police H.Q., Japan Mr. Yoshinobu Kurasawa, Nagano Police H.Q., Japan Mr. Koichi Kasahara, Nagano Police H.Q., Japan DNA typing serves as a powerful tool in criminal investigations, forensic medicine, paternity testing, and other applications, due to its remarkable specificity and its ability to gather DNA from small amounts of various specimens, including blood stains, sperm, and bone. A recently- established DNA database has contributed significantly to criminal investigations due to its vast data volumes. Increases in the quantity of DNA data stored in the DNA database are closely related to the latest advances in DNA technologies, including automated DNA purification instruments, multiplex PCR, and multi-capillary electrophoresis systems, which have made possible rapid, high-throughput DNA purification and genotyping. Nevertheless, in our view, PCR amplification times need to be reduced even further to achieve greater throughput. In this study, we succeeded in reducing PCR times to 1/3 of those previously achieved to roughly one hour using the AmpFlSTR Identifiler. This reduces the time required for DNA typing to approximately 90 minutes, including the time needed for PCR reaction. 22nd Congress of the International Society for Forensic Genetics 21–25 August 2007 - Copenhagen - Denmark P-5 Development of mRNA tools for body fluid identification Dr. SallyAnn Harbison Institute of Environmental Science and Research Ltd, New Zealand Current DNA profiling methodology can yield a DNA profile from samples of body fluid that are either too small to see and/or for which existing screening techniques are inadequate. Consequently the emphasis for forensic scientists now is not, from whom did this DNA come from, but from what body fluid or cell type did this DNA profile originate. This may have a significant bearing on the outcome of a forensic case. Body fluid identification at the cellular level is important in determining the likely origin of a DNA profile at a level of sensitivity comparable to the DNA profiling system itself. We have developed methods for the identification of body fluids by measuring the expression of specific genes using reverse transcriptase PCR (RT PCR) and real time PCR analysis. This work includes the co-extraction of mRNA and DNA, design of specific primers and probes, and multiplex PCR as well as sensitivity and forensic application considerations. In this presentation we will describe the results of our work, demonstrating the potential applications to forensic casework and statistical approaches we have taken to data analysis. P-6 Application of miniSTRs in an Australian Forensic Laboratory Ms. Alison Sears, Forensic Biology, Division of Analytical Laboratories, Lidcombe, NSW, Australia Dr. Peter Gunn, FSSB, Forensic Services Group, NSW Police Service, Australia Professor Claude Roux, Centre for Forensic Science, University of Technology, Sydney, Australia Identification of deceased individuals is a critical aspect in any coronial and criminal investigation. DNA provides an extra dimension to the identification process, especially for reconciliation of fragmented bodies. Increased prevalence worldwide of natural and terrorism- related disasters has prompted further advancements by scientists involved in human DNA identification. MiniSTRs offer clear advantages in the analysis of compromised samples and compliment existing STR testing systems currently used in Australian forensic laboratories. The modified primers target some routinely analyzed loci, allowing existing DNA databases to be utilized. In addition, non-CODIS miniSTRs can potentially contribute additional information, strengthening the likelihood of individual identification. This is of benefit in kinship reconstruction, especially where victims include multiple members of one family. In this research modified miniSTR primers (based on those developed by Butler et al., NIST) for both CODIS and non-CODIS loci and the recently released AmpFlSTR® miniFiler™ kit (Applied Biosystems) were validated and applied to degraded samples and human skeletal remains of varying ages and histories. MiniSTRs produce reliable results and increase the success rate of DNA testing on degraded samples and skeletal remains. The analytical problems encountered with
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