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Geography, M.V RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY FACULTY OF GEOGRAPHY, M.V. LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES No. 02 [v. 03] 2010 GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY EDITORIAL BOARD EDITORS-IN-CHIEF: Kasimov Nikolay S. Kotlyakov Vladimir M. Vandermotten Christian M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State Russian Academy of Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles 02|2010 University, Faculty of Geography Institute of Geography Belgique Russia Russia Tikunov Vladimir S. (Secretary-General) Konečný Milan, 2 GES M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Masaryk University, Faculty of Science, Faculty of Geography, Russia. Czech Republic Antipov Alexander N. Kroonenberg Salomon, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Delft University of Technology Sciences, Institute of Geography, Russia Department of Applied Earth Sciences, Babaev Agadzhan G. The Netherlands Turkmenistan Academy of Sciences, O’Loughlin John Institute of deserts, Turkmenistan University of Colorado at Boulder, Baklanov Petr Ya. Institute of Behavioral Sciences, USA Russian Academy of Sciences, Malkhazova Svetlana M. Pacific Institute of Geography, Russia M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Baume Otfried, Faculty of Geography, Russia Ludwig Maximilians Universitat Munchen, Mamedov Ramiz Insitut fur geographie, Germany Baku State University, Chalkley Brian Faculty of Geography, Azerbaijan University of Plymouth, UK Mironenko Nikolay S. Dmitriev Vasily V. M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Sankt-Petersburg State University, Faculty of Faculty of Geography, Russia. Geography and Geoecology, Russia Palacio-Prieto Jose Dobrolubov Sergey A. National Autonomous University of Mexico, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of Geography, Mexico Faculty of Geography, Russia Palagiano Cosimo, D’yakonov Kirill N. Universita degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Instituto di Geografia, Italy Faculty of Geography, Russia Richling Andrzej Gritsay Olga V. University Warsaw, Faculty of Geography Russian Academy of Sciences, and Regional Studies, Poland Institute of Geography, Russia Rudenko Leonid G. Gunin Petr D. National Ukrainean Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography Ukraine Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Solomina Olga N. Russia Russian Academy of Sciences, Guo Hua Tong Institute of Geography, Russia Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Tishkov Arkady A. Gutenev Vladimir V. Russian Academy of Sciences, Rosoboronexport, Russia Institute of Geography, Russia Hayder Adnane Thorez Pierre Association of Tunisian Geographers, Tunisia Université du Havre – UFR “Lettres Himiyama Yukio et Sciences Humaines” France Hokkaido University of Education, Vargas Rodrigo Barriga Institute of Geography, Japan Military Geographic Institute, Chile Kochurov Boris I. Viktorov Alexey S. Russian Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute Institute of Geography, Russia of Environmental Geosciences, Russia Kolosov Vladimir A. Zilitinkevich Sergey S. Russian Academy of Sciences, Finnish Meteorological Institute, Institute of Geography, Russia Finland CONTENTS PREFACE . 4 Vladimir M. Kotlyakov A 100-YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHIC SOCIETY EXPEDITION TO KAMCHATKA (1908–1910). 5 02|2010 GEOGRAPHY Evgeniy A. Zolotarev, Evgeniy G. Har’kovetc EVOLUTION OF THE ELBRUS GLACIATION SINCE THE MID XIX CENTURY 3 GES UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE. KEY FINDINGS OF THE GLACIO-CARTOGRAPHICAL MONITORING . 13 Suzanne A. G. Leroy PALAEOENVIRONMENTAL AND PALAEOCLIMATIC CHANGES IN THE CASPIAN SEA REGION SINCE THE LATEGLACIAL FROM PALYNOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF MARINE SEDIMENT CORES . 32 Valentin S. Tuzhilkin SOME FEATURES OF THE BLACK SEA SEASONAL THERMOHALINE VARIABILITY: MODERN VIEW . 42 ENVIRONMENT Natalia E. Kosheleva, Nikolay S. Kasimov, Dechingungaa Dorjgotov, Sergey N. Bazha, Dmitryi L. Golovanov, Olga I. Sorokina, Sandag Enkh-Amgalan ASSESSMENT OF HEAVY METAL POLLUTION OF SOILS IN INDUSTRIAL CITIES OF MONGOLIA . 51 Chultem Dugarjav, Peter D. Gunin, Sergey N. Bazha and Mijidorj Saandar ECOSYSTEM APPROACH FOR EVALUATING DEGRADATION PROCESSES AND NATURE PROTECTION IN INNER ASIA . 66 Nataliya S. Bolikhovskaya, Nikolay S. Kasimov EVOLUTION OF CLIMATE AND ENVIRONMENTS IN THE LOWER VOLGA REGION DURING THE HOLOCENE . 78 SUSTAINABILITY Vyacheslav V. Dolotov, Vitaly A. Ivanov CADASTRAL ASSESSMENT OF CRIMEAN BEACHES AS AN INSTRUMENT FOR SUSTAINABLE COASTAL DEVELOPMENT . 98 NEWS & REVIEWS Vladimir S. Tikunov INTERCARTO CONFERENCES . 120 Tamara A. Yanina INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “THE CASPIAN REGION: ENVIRONMENTAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE CLIMATE CHANGE” OCTOBER 14–16, MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY, RUSSIA . 126 Yuliy I. Drobyshev INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE “ECOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF BIOSPHERIC PROCESSES IN ECOTONE ZONE OF SOUTHERN SIBERIA AND CENTRAL ASIA” SEPTEMBER, 6–8, 2010, ULAAN-BAATAR, MONGOLIA . 131 PREFACE 4 This issue of the Geography Environment Sustainability journal contains selected papers presented at two international scientific conferences held in 2010. The first conference “Ecological Consequences of Biospheric Processes in the Ecotone Zone of Southern Siberia and Central Asia” took place on September 6–8, 2010, in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia. This conference was devoted to the 40-year anniversary of the Joint Russian- Mongolian Complex Biological Expedition of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Mongolian Academy of Sciences. The conference discussed ecological and social problems associated with environmental pollution and desertification, causes and consequences of centennial dynamics of climatic conditions, ecological risks in anthropogenic systems, the current state of protected areas network, biodiversity, and problems of aquatic and wetland ecosystems of Lake Baikal. The second conference “The Caspian region: Environmental Consequences of the Climate Change” took place on October 14–16, 2010, at M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia. The main goal of this conference was to discuss ecosystem feedbacks to climate change obtained by the international scientific community during its 20-year cooperative research efforts in the Caspian region. The conference addressed a wide range of multidisciplinary problems. Experts from various scientific fields – climatology, hydrology, oceanography, marine geology, geomorphology, cartography, palaeogeography, and geochemistry, participated in the conference and addressed fundamental and practical questions related to sustainable development of the Caspian region. The Editors believe that providing information to the public on these two key Eurasian regions would strengthen international cooperation in environmental research. A 100-YEAR ANNIVERSARY OF THE RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY EXPEDITION TO KAMCHATKA (1908–1910) 02|2010 5 GES For three centuries, the main task of geography Geographical Society in 1821, Berlin in 1828, in Russia was gathering information about the Royal Geographical Society in London the geographical features of the country. in 1830, and Mexico in 1833. In 1843, a This was the driving force for the policy circle of statisticians and explorers, under and activities of Peter the Great. It is not the leadership of an outstanding statistician surprising that the first Russian geographers, and ethnographer P.I. Keppen, began to Y.V. Bruce, I.K. Kirilov, and V.N. Tatishchev, gather regularly in St. Petersburg to discuss were public figures, and the first Russian issues relating to statistical and geographical geographical expedition was organized by surveying of the territory of Russia. Soon, Peter himself. the famous naturalist and explorer K.M. Baer (his name is reflected in the names of the The first national geographical entities Caspian lowland landscape features, i.e., Baer appeared early in the XIX century: the Paris mounds) and Admiral F.P. Litke (a researcher Fig. 1. Members – founders of the Russian Geographical Society. From left to right and from top to bottom: astronomer Vasily Yakovlevich Struve (1793–1864), Admiral Ivan Fedorovich Krusenstern (1770–1846), Admiral Ferdinand Petrovich Wrangel (1795–1870), Academician Karl Maksimovich Baer (1792–1876), geologist Gregory Petrovich Gel’mersen (1803–1885), Academician Petr Ivanovich Koppen (1793–1864), Admiral Petr Ivanovich Rikord (1797–1855). 02|2010 6 GES Fig. 2. Members – founders of the Russian Geographical Society. From left to right and from top to bot- tom: writer and musicologist Vladimir Fedorovich Odoevsky (1803–1869), statesman Alex Iraklievich Levshin (1799–1879), Academician Konstantin Ivanovich Arseniev (1789–1865), writer and ethnogra- pher Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl (1801–1872), explorer Platon Alexandrovich Chikhachev (1812–1892), surveyor Mikhail Pavlovich Vronchenko (1801–1852), General Field Marshal Fyodor Fedorovich Berg (1793–1874). and Head of the 1826–1829 Novaya forwarded the “case” to the Cabinet, where it Zemlya and around-the-world expeditions) was approved. Thereafter, on August 6, 1845, joined the circle. These meetings were the the Emperor announced the order “So be it”. predecessors of the Russian Geographical Society (RSG). In the spring of 1845, Litke The first meeting of the RGS founders was developed a draft charter of the RSG which held on October 1, 1845, where 51 people proved to be so successful that it lasted were elected. Those were the first active more than a century – until 1948. members of the RGS. Within eighteen days, of the RGS members held their first general Among the founders of the RGS there were meeting in the conference
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