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Geography, M.V RUSSIAN GEOGRAPHICAL SOCIETY FACULTY OF GEOGRAPHY, M.V. LOMONOSOV MOSCOW STATE UNIVERSITY INSTITUTE OF GEOGRAPHY, RUSSIAN ACADEMY OF SCIENCES No. 02 [v. 06] 2013 GEOGRAPHY ENVIRONMENT SUSTAINABILITY ggi213.inddi213.indd 1 227.06.20137.06.2013 114:24:024:24:02 EDITORIAL BOARD EDITORSINCHIEF: Kasimov Nikolay S. Kotlyakov Vladimir M. Vandermotten Christian Lomonosov Moscow State Russian Academy of Sciences Université Libre de Bruxelles University, Faculty of Geography Institute of Geography Belgique 02|2013 Russia Russia 2 GES Tikunov Vladimir S. (Secretary-General) O’Loughlin John Lomonosov Moscow State University, University of Colorado at Boulder, Faculty of Geography, Russia Institute of Behavioral Sciences, USA Babaev Agadzhan G. Malkhazova Svetlana M. Turkmenistan Academy of Sciences, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institute of deserts, Turkmenistan Faculty of Geography, Russia Baklanov Petr Ya. Mamedov Ramiz Russian Academy of Sciences, Baku State University, Pacific Institute of Geography, Russia Faculty of Geography, Azerbaijan Baume Otfried, Mironenko Nikolay S. Ludwig Maximilians Universitat Munchen, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Institut fur Geographie, Germany Faculty of Geography, Russia Chalkley Brian Nefedova Tatyana G. University of Plymouth, UK Russian Academy of Sciences, Dmitriev Vasily V. Institute of Geography, Russia St-Petersburg State University, Faculty of Palacio-Prieto Jose Geography and Geoecology, Russia National Autonomous University of Mexico, Dobrolubov Sergey A. Institute of Geography, Mexico Lomonosov Moscow State University, Palagiano Cosimo Faculty of Geography, Russia Universita degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, D’yakonov Kirill N. Instituto di Geografia, Italy Lomonosov Moscow State University, Radovanovic Milan Faculty of Geography, Russia Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, Gritsay Olga V. Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić”, Serbia Russian Academy of Sciences, Richling Andrzej Institute of Geography, Russia University Warsaw, Faculty of Geography Gunin Petr D. and Regional Studies, Poland Russian Academy of Sciences, Rudenko Leonid G. Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russia National Ukrainian Academy Guo Hua Tong of Sciences, Institute of Geography Chinese Academy of Sciences, China Ukraine Hayder Adnane Solomina Olga N. Association of Tunisian Geographers, Russian Academy of Sciences, Tunisia Institute of Geography, Russia Himiyama Yukio Tishkov Arkady A. Hokkaido University of Education, Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Geography, Japan Institute of Geography, Russia Kolosov Vladimir A. Thorez Pierre Russian Academy of Sciences, Université du Havre – UFR “Lettres Institute of Geography, Russia et Sciences Humaines” France Konečný Milan Vargas Rodrigo Barriga Masaryk University, Military Geographic Institute, Chile Faculty of Science, Czech Republic Viktorov Alexey S. Kroonenberg Salomon, Russian Academy of Sciences, Delft University of Technology Institute of Environmental Geosciences, Russia Department of Applied Earth Sciences, Zilitinkevich Sergey S. The Netherlands Finnish Meteorological Institute, Finland ggi213.inddi213.indd 2 227.06.20137.06.2013 114:24:024:24:02 CONTENTS GEOGRAPHY Victor V. Ermoshin, Sergey S. Ganzey , Takauyki Shiraiva 02|2013 LAND USE CHANGES IN THE TRANSBOUNDARY AMUR RIVER BASIN IN THE 20TH CENTURY. 4 3 GES Arnold K. Tulokhonov, Yendon Zh. Garmaev, Bair Zh. Tsydypov SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL DYNAMICS OF THE BAIKAL COASTAL LINE CAUSED BY CONTROL OF THE LAKE LEVEL REGIME . 20 Olga A. Samonova, Elena N. Aseyeva DISTRIBUTION OF METALS IN PARTICLE SIZE FRACTIONS IN SOILS OF TWO FORESTED CATENAS SMOLENSKMOSCOW UPLAND. 28 ENVIRONMENT Vitaly A. Ivanov, Andrii V. Bagaiev, Sergey G. Demyshev, Svitlana P. Lyubartseva NUMERICAL MODELING OF THE FIELDS OF POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS IN THE BLACK SEA . 34 Vitaly G. Linnik, Elena M. Korobova, Justin E. Brown A HISTORICAL OUTLINE OF RADIONUCLIDE CONTAMINATION OF THE YENISEY FLOODPLAIN BASED ON LANDSCAPE AND RADIOMETRIC SURVEY . 49 Alexey S. Victorov, Veronika N. Kapralova RISK ASSESSMENT BASED ON MATHEMATICAL MORPHOLOGY OF LANDSCAPE MODELS CASE STUDY OF THERMOKARST PLAINS . 63 SUSTAINABILITY Devon R. Dublin, Alexandra I. Bancheva, Amy Freitag LOCAL INITIATIVES FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN RURAL HOKKAIDO: A CASE STUDY OF SAMANI . 72 Usman A. Raheem, Felix B. Olorunfemi URBAN VULNERABILITY AND ADAPTATION TO EXTREME WEATHER EVENTS: A CASE STUDY OF RAINSTORM VICTIMS IN ILORIN, NIGERIA . 80 NEWS & REVIEWS Nina N. Alekseeva SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY FORESIGHT 2030 IN RUSSIA: ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT . 94 ggi213.inddi213.indd 3 227.06.20137.06.2013 114:24:024:24:02 Victor V. Ermoshin1*, Sergey S. Ganzey 2, Takauyki Shiraiva 3 1 Deputy director, Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, 690041, Radio str., 7, Russia; e-mail: [email protected] * Corresponding author 2 Pacific Institute of Geography, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, Russia 3 Associate Professor, Hokkaido University, Institute of Low Temperature Science, The Pan-Okhotsk Research Center, Sapporo, 060-0819, N19W8, Japan; e-mail: [email protected] GEOGRAPHY 4 LAND USE CHANGES IN THE TRANS-BOUNDARY AMUR RIVER BASIN IN THE 20TH CENTURY ABSTRACT: All distinctions in the economic INTRODUCTION and nature protection policy of the neighboring states are well reflected and Any country, as a rule, aspires not only shown within trans-boundary river basins. to strictly define and support its own The parts of trans-boundary geosystem of sovereignty by means of its frontiers, but also one country can experience an essential to develop certain cooperation with other negative influence from rash decisions in countries, especially with its neighbors. In the field of nature use and nature protection this process, frontier territories can play policy of the neighboring state. The Amur a pioneer role. In case the aspiration to River Basin covers the territories of Russia, develop various means of cooperation, the Peoples Republic of China, Mongolia including economic and humanitarian, with and Democratic People’s Republic of Korea neighboring countries is mutual, there begins and occupies more than 2 million km2. an active interaction of adjacent frontier The most intensive development of the territories. Infrastructural links of frontier basin territory has started since the middle areas are formed and developed, specifically, of the 19th century. We compiled two transport transitions, communication lines maps of land use in the Amur River basin and power grids, and some links of market in the 1930–1940s and in the early 21st infrastructure. As a result, a trans-boundary century. Results showed that, negative territory is formed from closely and steadily dynamics is marked for forest lands, co-operating frontier territories. This trans- meadows, wetlands and mountain tundra. boundary territory often has a common The basic features in the change of land uniform natural and geographical basis use within national parts of the basin in that strengthens coherence within trans- Russia, China and Mongolia are analyzed. boundary territories, and simultaneously The comparative analysis of land use demands for the development of shared peculiarities of the countries for the last 70 approaches to nature management years has been done. to working out of joint programs of development. KEY WORDS: land use and land cover changes, topographic maps, remote sensing, Complete watersheds of large rivers, lakes, the Amur River Basin sea basins are integral geosystems of the ggi213.inddi213.indd 4 227.06.20137.06.2013 114:24:024:24:02 highest rank. If the integral geosystem natural features, population, and economy simultaneously enters two or more countries, of Manchuria. A great volume of research it would be considered and assessed as a works that are both scientific and applied uniform geosystem at the top level. Within in nature has been produced by the Amur trans-boundary geosystems which are Expedition, a research body organized at the components of uniform river watersheds, beginning of the last century [Kryukov, 1911; all distinctions in the economic and nature Korotkii, 1912] to study opportunities for conservation policies of the neighboring economic development in Amuro-Ussuriiski countries are appreciably shown. The krai, further resettlement of peasants, and negative impacts on the environment of development of trade and industry. During GEOGRAPHY pollution from various wastes of economic the second part of the 20th century, works activities, and the use of natural resources, devoted to the economic and geographical 5 such as water, forest, ground and mineral characteristics of Manchuria were published resources, within one country can be [Anuchin, 1948; Glushakov, 1948]. manifested in another country. Catastrophic natural phenomena, such as floods, can An essential contribution to the accumulation also be manifested within basin geosystems of extensive material about differentiation as a whole. The international experience in natural environments in the Amur River of development of trans-boundary watershed has been made by the Russian- territories and our studies show that, at Chinese Joint Amur Expedition under the first, sustainable nature management can Council on Industrial Forces Organization be realized in different territorial patterns. of the USSR Academy of Science and by Second, under conditions of inefficient the Heilongjiang Expedition of the People’s nature management,
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