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CHANG-DISSERTATION-2014.Pdf (3.185Mb) Toward An Entrepreneurship Typology of Bed and Breakfasts in Taiwan by Pou-Wen Chang, M.S. A Dissertation In Hospitality Administration Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of Texas Tech University in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of DOCTORAL OF PHILOSOPHY Approved Dr. Jingxue (Jessica) Yuan Chair of Committee Dr. Shane Blum Committee member Dr. Betty L. Stout Committee member Dr. Ben K. Goh Committee member Dr. Mark A. Sheridan Dean of the Graduate School December, 2014 Copyright 2014, Pou-Wen Chang Texas Tech University, Pou-Wen Chang, December, 2014 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Firstly, I would like to dedicate this achievement to my parents who supported and believed me without any doubt. Secondly, I would like to thank my Chair, Dr.Yuan. Without her constant support and inspiration, I could not have been successful. Thirdly, my heartfelt thanks go to the members of my committee: Dr. Stout, Dr. Goh and Dr. Blum. I am very grateful to their continuing support, excellent advice and timely comments through my graduate study. Fourthly, I am grateful to my University for financial support and my colleagues in the Department of Tourism at Providence University in Taiwan, in particular Dr. Chang, the Department Chair, for his support. Fifthly, with my deepest gratitude, I would like to thank my family and friends, Bob, Shatina, and Joe for their love and support. Finally, I would like to express my extreme thankfulness to the participants in this study. I am thankful for the time they devoted to answering my questions and for providing the data for this study. The successful completion of this research would not have become a reality without their input and participation. ii Texas Tech University, Pou-Wen Chang, December, 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS ACKNOWLEDGMENTS…………………………………..………………….…ii ABSTRACT ……………………………………………………………………...vi LIST OF TABLES………..……………………………………………………..vii LIST OF FIGURES…………………….……………………………………....viii LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS…….……………………………………………...x CHAPTER I : INTRODUCTION ................................................................ 1 1.1 Tourism development in Taiwan .................................................................. 1 1.2 Domestic travel in Taiwan ........................................................................... 2 1.3 History and current situation of B&B in Taiwan ......................................... 4 1.3.1 B&B’s contribution to Taiwan tourism development ............................... 6 1.3.2 Contribution of B&Bs to rural development ........................................ 7 1.3.3 Contribution of B&Bs to Entrepreneurship .......................................... 8 1.3.4 Contribution of B&Bs to economic diversification .............................. 8 1.4 Problem statement ........................................................................................ 9 1.5 Research purpose ....................................................................................... 10 1.6 Expected contributions ............................................................................... 10 1.6.1 Theoretical implications: new typology model and approach ............. 10 1.6.2 Practical implications: industry benchmark ........................................ 11 1.7 Research structure ......................................................................................................... 11 CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW .................................................... 14 2.1 Defying B&Bs ............................................................................................. 14 2.2 The development of B&B industry in Taiwan ............................................ 15 2.3 The B&B industry characteristic ................................................................. 18 2.3.1 Local Features of B&B ...................................................................... 19 Location ............................................................................................ 19 Culture .............................................................................................. 20 Technology ....................................................................................... 21 Agriculture ........................................................................................ 22 Festival and event tourism ................................................................ 24 2.3.2 Host-guest relationship ........................................................................ 25 2.4 Entrepreneriship of B&B ............................................................................ 26 2.4.1 B&B owner’s founding motives .......................................................... 28 2.4.2 Local identities of B&B owners .......................................................... 28 2.5 General studies on typology and indsutry benchmarking ........................... 30 iii Texas Tech University, Pou-Wen Chang, December, 2014 2.6 Research concept map for classifying Taiwan’s B&Bs .............................. 32 CHAPTER III: METHOD ..................................................................... 33 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 33 3.2 Multiple methods for data collection .......................................................... 34 3.3 Participants .................................................................................................. 36 3.3.1 Description of sample .......................................................................... 36 3.3.2 Sample selection and gaining access ................................................... 36 3.3.3 Conducting interviews ......................................................................... 37 3.3.4 Instrumentation .................................................................................... 39 3.3.5 A pilot interview .................................................................................. 40 3.3.6 Participant observation ........................................................................ 41 3.3.7 Ethical issues ....................................................................................... 41 3.4 Data analysis ............................................................................................... 42 3.4.1 Analytical technique ............................................................................ 43 3.5 Trustworthiness ........................................................................................... 45 CHAPTER IV: RESULTS AND DISCUSSION ............................................ 48 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 48 4.2 Data analysis and results ............................................................................. 48 4.2.1 Method of sample selection ................................................................. 48 4.2.2 Description of sample .......................................................................... 50 4.2.3 Profiles of the B&B participants ......................................................... 50 4.2.4 Interview content analysis ................................................................... 55 4.2.4.1 Research concept maps ................................................................. 56 4.2.4.2 Analysis of B&B owners’ identities before founding .................. 59 4.2.4.3 Analysis of B&B owners’ founding motives ............................... 63 4.2.4.4 Analysis of operating motives of B&B owners ............................ 65 4.2.5 Analysis of the findings from participation observation ..................... 67 4.2.6 Analysis of the results from questionnaire survey............................... 70 4.3 Discussion of the findings ........................................................................... 71 4.3.1 Typology of B&Bs based on owner’s identity and founding motive .. 71 4.3.2 Typology of B&Bs based on owner’s identity and operating motive . 78 4.3.3 Typology of B&Bs based on owner’s identity, founding motive and operatin motive ................................................................................... 81 CHAPTER V : CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS....................... 84 5.1 Introduction ................................................................................................. 84 5.2 Empiracle findings ...................................................................................... 85 5.3 Practicial and research implications ............................................................ 88 5.4 Recommendations ....................................................................................... 90 5.5 Limitations .................................................................................................. 92 5.6 Future research directions ........................................................................... 94 iv Texas Tech University, Pou-Wen Chang, December, 2014 BIBLIOGRAPHY ................................................................................... 97 APPENDICES A. ACCESS LETTERS OF PARTICIPANTS IN THE IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW ................. 104 B. SEMI-STRUCTURED INTERVIEW QUESTIONS FOR B&B OPERATOR ................. 106 C. SURVEY QUESTIONS FOR B&B'S VISITORS ..................................................... 108 D. ACCESS LETTERS TO PARTICIPANTS IN THE IN-DEPTH INTERVIEW -CHINESE VERSION .................................................................................... 110 E. SEMI-STRUCTURED
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