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Rapid Local Governance Diagnostic in Yemen Main Findings Report

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Rapid Local Governance Diagnostic in Yemen Main Findings Report RAPID LOCAL GOVERNANCE DIAGNOSTIC IN YEMEN MAIN FINDINGS REPORT SEPTEMBER 2019 UNITED NATIONS DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms .................................................................................................................................................................... 3 Table of figures ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 Executive summary ................................................................................................................................................... 6 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................ 11 1.1 Background ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Justification ......................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.3 Brief on the Yemeni local governance system .................................................................................................. 12 2. Methodology ........................................................................................................................................................ 15 2.1 Purpose and scope ............................................................................................................................................. 15 2.2 Locations ............................................................................................................................................................ 16 2.3 Conceptual framework of the Rapid Local Governance Diagnostic ................................................................ 16 2.4 Survey implementation ...................................................................................................................................... 19 2.5 Data quality ......................................................................................................................................................... 20 3. Main findings ......................................................................................................................................................... 21 3.1 Mapping of local governance stakeholders ......................................................................................................... 21 a) Formal and informal governance ............................................................................................................. 21 b) The fate of Local Councils ....................................................................................................................... 24 c) Level of autonomy .................................................................................................................................. 24 d) Horizontal relations and cross-governorate platforms ........................................................................... 26 e) Perceived positive and negative evolutions of local governance since 2015 .................................. 27 3.2 Local governance processes ................................................................................................................................ 28 a) Representation and oversight ................................................................................................................ 28 b) Leadership, coordination and conflict resolution .................................................................................... 29 c) Planning, budgeting and accountability .................................................................................................. 34 d) Accountability frameworks ...................................................................................................................... 40 3.3 Service delivery ................................................................................................................................................... 43 a) Organization of service delivery ................................................................................................................ 44 b) Levels of service delivery .......................................................................................................................... 45 3.4 Capacities and resources of Local Authorities .................................................................................................... 52 a) Infrastructure .......................................................................................................................................... 53 b) Human resources ...................................................................................................................................... 53 c) Financial resources .................................................................................................................................... 58 PAGE 2/71 RAPID LOCAL GOVERNANCE DIAGNOSTIC IN YEMEN MAIN FINDINGS TABLE OF CONTENTS 3.5 Civil society and local governance ................................................................................................................... 63 a) Strength ................................................................................................................................................... 63 b) Resources .................................................................................................................................................. 63 c) Enabling environment .............................................................................................................................. 64 d) Functionality ........................................................................................................................................... 64 3.6 Participation and inclusion ................................................................................................................................. 65 a) Community participation ......................................................................................................................... 65 b) Women’s participation in local governance ............................................................................................. 66 c) Youth participation in local governance ................................................................................................... 67 d) Other marginalized groups ........................................................................................................................ 68 3.7 Requests for support ............................................................................................................................................ 69 Annex 1: Local Authority organigrams ..................................................................................................................... 71 ACRONYMS CSO civil society organization DFAs De-Facto Authorities IDP Internally displaced person IRGY internationally Recognized Government of Yemen ReLOG Resilience and Local Governance Project RLGD Rapid Local Governance Diagnostic SFD Social Fund for Development VCC Village Cooperative Committees YER Yemeni rial PAGE 3/71 RAPID LOCAL GOVERNANCE DIAGNOSTIC IN YEMEN MAIN FINDINGS TABLE OF FIGURES FIGURE 1: Local Authority finances 14 FIGURE 2: Level of influence and performance of local governance actors compared to 2015 22 FIGURE 3: Status of Governorate Councils 23 FIGURE 4: Status of District Councils 23 FIGURE 5: Local Council status per Governorate 24 FIGURE 6: Change in the level of autonomy of Local Authorities vis à vis central government since 2015 25 FIGURE 7: Change in the level of autonomy of districts vis à vis governorates 25 FIGURE 8: Positive horizontal links 26 FIGURE 9: Negative horizontal links 26 FIGURE 10: Evolution in Local Council membership size 28 FIGURE 11: Arrival of new Local Council members since 2015 28 FIGURE 12: Local Council Functionality Score 29 FIGURE 13: Number of Governors since 2015 30 FIGURE 14: Number of District Directors since 2015 30 FIGURE 15: Assessment of aid coordination effectiveness 31 FIGURE 16: Positive assessment of aid coordination 31 FIGURE 17: Governorates with statistics databases 35 FIGURE 18: Districts with statistics databases 35 FIGURE 19: Change of total expenditures (2018 vs. 2013) for Governorate Authorities 37 FIGURE 20: Change of total expenditures (2018 vs. 2013) by Governorate Authority 37 FIGURE 21: Change of total expenditures (2018 vs. 2013) for District Authorities 37 FIGURE 22: Change of total District Authorities expenditures (average, 2018 vs. 2013) by Governorate 37 FIGURE 23: Change in operating and investment budgets (2018 vs. 2013) for Governorate Authorities 38 FIGURE 24: Change in operating and investment budgets (2018 vs. 2013) for District Authorities 38 FIGURE 25: Change in the share of operating expenditures in total expenditures (2018 vs. 2013) for Governorate 38 Authorities and District Authorities FIGURE 26: Total expenditures per capita 39 FIGURE 27: Capital expenditures per capita for districts 39 FIGURE 28: Capacity to perform core financial management functions according to established rules 40 FIGURE 29: Main methods used for public outreach 41 FIGURE 30: Role distribution in service delivery 44 FIGURE
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