Bike Bagsecrets

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bike Bagsecrets 17 February 1984 70p IR £1.07 US$1.S0 By Air \ Bike bagsecrets . .. I . Duncan Campbell gives a personal account of events and police actions against him followinga bicycle accident last Thursday FEW POLICE RAIDS can have been .The second set of cont~t prints, as the He was (and probably still is) one of tbelr conducted as punctiliously and politely as Special Branch will doubtless soon discover, Press Officers. that nearly seven-hour-long trawl through my are their own copies of the first set - which Another note in the same file purportedID home in Stoke Newington, north London, they made for the ABC trial. There are a few impart secret information about a nucJelr· last Saturday. I was present throughout - other, newer prints - most bf which, such test site from an official source. It clearlJ· ill and injured, just having been released as aerial pictures of the Greenham Common attracted the Branch's attention. The letttr, from hospital. Special Branch men (and a silos, have been published' in the New was about 'Mururoa Atoll'. It is in thePI- : woman) scrupulously put every book, paper Statesman - without any official objection. cific and is used only for French nucJe. and file back in place, asked repeatedly and It was not a successful search for the tests. concernedly after my wellbeing, helped me Branch, and it was not worth the more than up and down stairs, brought glasses of ten person-days of costly police overtime THIS UNSUCCESSFUL fishing expedi-, water, and tidied away the mess occasioned pay involved: one Army Manual, one scrap tion arose from my accident, late last Thun- by their visit. of paper from my bin, two folders of photo- day night. I have amnesia, and the police With my face bleeding from a cycle acci- graphic contact prints, and parts of two have as yet given me no account of wbII dent just 36 hours before, I could reflect that folders of research notes on nuclear weapons happened. But it appears to have bca the British political police force are clearly a - with no government secrets ,or moles' caused solely by a mechanical failure onmy much pleasanter and more orderly bunch revelations within. , bike. I flew over the handlebars and WII than could be expected in South America, Each of the files' contents was duly noted knocked unconscious for more than me South Africa or places of that sort. by an exhibits officer: notes from the 'Mili- minutes. j Throughout the long afternoon it was pos- tary Balance' annual of the Institute for Stra- On the back of my bike were two bagsor . sible for long periods to forget that the tegic Studies; letters and notes from 'panniers' - one of them empty. In the I whole unforgivable event had arisen from distinguished Professors and academics at other were New Statesman files and com- : their plundering what was left at the scene of Edinburgh, Aberdeen, Lancaster, Sussex spondence, several copies of last week'sNS, a traffic accident. As the search proceeded, and Southampton Universities about the and my address book, diary, wallet aDd their own eyes and tired manner showed a British nuclear programme; notes from trousers. These were all held by the police. growing uncertainty of purpose. books; a letter from the Telford Anti- My papers, about which they have still The Special Branch team left bearing only Nuclear Group and so on. Nary a ni~le in asked me nothing, included three filesandI the most trivial 'finds'. The first was a 'res- sight - except for one CND campaigner smattering of loose papers. The files con· tricted' Army Manual on 'Personal Protec- signing him-, or herself, as 'Manfred Mole'. cerned last week's NS story on the 'Legion' tion', which has already gained a certain Exhibit RN/lO, for example, was iden- private army, next week's planned NIfJI notoriety for the section it contains instruct-. tified as a 'Sheet of white New Statesman Statesman supplement on civil liberties (!), ing squaddies in the complicated arts of paper - PRIOR thereon'. I can reveal to and my current 'projects' file. This listedmy urinating and defecating in the Arctic - in the Special Branch a time and money-saving proposed future work, and will doubtless 56 separate steps. It was described at length secret. Mr Prior is a civil servant. He does now enable the security services to coverup in the NS's Miscellany column on 6 Jan- (or did) work for the Ministry of Defence. over more than a dozen stories on whichI uary. We received no official complaint then had proposed to work during the coming that the article had contravened secrecy months. Some of the stories concerned the rules. The copy that the Special Branch Special Branch itself and those who work made off with this weekend had, in fact, just with it. The stories ranged from the use of been posted to me by the BBC's Jasper Gar- National Front members as Special Branch rote show. (Carrott's comedy-writing team agents in Manchester, to a murder Com· had been planning since October to use the mitted by an SAS officer. manual for a joke sequence in the popular Doubtless there were some interesting. off-beat show.) looking papers in the files - such as those The largest of the Branch's 'finds' was on GCHQ radio tracking techniques usedas two folders of photographic contact prints. evidence in a closed session of a recent spy 'These,' pronounced Superintendent Thom- trial. The papers were confidential. But did son (who headed the search), 'appear to be the police tell the magistrate - or even concerned with prohibited places'. They know - that I had been employed by de- were seized. The Post Office Tower in Lon- fence solicitors as an expert witness in the don, and other similar towers, are among case and had the papers in that capacity. many sites shown in the prints. The Special There were two notes, marked 'res- Branch last had these pictures in their pos- tricted', referring to civil defence planning, session during 1977 and 1978, when they which I had, quite officially, from the GLC, were actually produced in evidence as part where I am a eo-opted committee member. of an unsuccessful charge against me, during Did the police bother to tell the magistrate what became known as the ABC trial, of that? There was a long list of telephone SrD illegally 'collecting information'. The charge codes for army and government exchanges, was dropped by the prosecution; and the use suitably lengthy, incomprehensible and thus of such charges was later described by the indubitably sinister. I doubt if the police judge as 'unjustified and oppressive'. even knew what the list was; still less would DUncanCampbeU at the front door of his home in Stoke Newington, north London, during last Saturday's police raid. theyhave known that the codes can be used not to search an area seemed to suffice, from London; or even, with a bit of diffi- Whole piles of magazines were left un- culty,from Eastern Europe. touched, and many files on defence topics After getting the warrant, SB officers given only a cursory flick. went down to pull me out of St Bartholo- As the hours went by Superintendent mew'sHospital - but I had already been let Thomson rather touchingly confided to us out. After waiting until a solicitor arrived, that he and his wife were due to attend their theybegan the search - in my living room, school PT A dinner that night and it would and with meticulous care. They searched be the second time he had failed to show up insidecushions, lifted every apple out of the for one. We had a vision of the poor man apple bowl, and checked the signature on getting hell from his wife that night. every Christmas card. They checked be- The entire Stoke Newington haul was one tweenthe page of every one of hundreds of flimsy and laughable army manual. The books, newspapers and magazines. Noth· former Metropolitan Police Commissioner, ing, not even the potted plants, was left Sir Robert Mark, in his autobiography In the undisturbed. Office of Constable wrote: Four long hours and three rooms later, the Special Branch had a different attitude. I would like to see the repeal of Section 2, but in the event of that not being forthcoming, I They had found one unexciting Army would hope for its increasing disregard by civil manual, and nothing more. Searching the servants in particular and anyone feeling that third drawer of the first of five filing cab- secrecy on any issue was harmful to the public inets, Woman Detective Constable Norwell interest. Convictions under Section 2 would now came to a bulging yellow file marked nowadays be difficult to obtain except in cases 'Secrets - Leaks'. Inside the file, on top of clearly motivated by self interest. the file, was a secret Cabinet paper, one 'Unauthorised revelation of maladministra- grade more highly classified and eight years tion', he has pointed out' ... would almost more up to date than the silly Army manual. certainly not involve any real risk these It was marked 'Property of Her Britannic days' for three reasons: Majesty's Government'. The Superin- tendent was eagerly summoned up the First, ... the Attorney General would not risk stairs. a prosecution; Second, ... a jury would be He turned it over and told Ms Norwell to unlikely to convict; Third, . in the unlikely put it back. 'It is a secret cabinet thing', he event of a conviction, the judiciary, if satisfied of the disinterested motives ·of the accused,· said, 'but it's only about pay negotiations.
Recommended publications
  • OJ Simpson Murder Trial DVD Cataloging Still in Progress
    OJ SIMPSON MURDER TRIAL O.J. Simpson "Bronco Chase" audio CD (full transcript can be seen here) OJ Simpson Murder Trial DVD Collection (each disc is roughly 4 hours) Two hundred 4 hr. DVD's, professionally edited (100% commercial free) - contains virtually every minute of testimony. Recorded from local L.A. television stations, live as the events unfolded. Coverage begins with reports of the murders, till weeks after the verdict - and beyond. "O.J. Simpson - The Whole Story (and then some)" legend: "break" = fade to black, edited commercial break "H/C" = Hard Copy "ET" = Entertainment Tonight * To purchase, or inquire about OJ SImpson Murder Trial DVD duplications, click here * * To download a .pdf file of this OJ SImpson Murder Trial DVD listing, click here (322 KB) * OJ TRIAL #001 DVD (3:53:00) * News reports of the deaths of Nicole Brown Simpson and Ronald Goldman (ABC News, FX) * OJ waiting in truck outside of his house (@ 0:01:10) * Taped earlier: end of freeway chase, to Parker Center, news reports (@ 0:50:00) * Gil Garcetti, Commander Gascon: recap of charges (@ 1:36:48) * OJ's mug shot released on 11 o'clock news (@ 2:23:00), recap of days events * Johnnie Cochran, Al Michaels on "NightLine" (@ 2:51:00) * KNBC Morning News recap of events (@ 2:58:00) * Criminal Courts Bldg. Pre-Trial Preliminary Hearing, KNBC - Judge Kathleen Kennedy-Powell (@ 3:02:00) * Michele Kestler - LAPD Crime Lab (@ 3:18:00), cross-examination (@ 3:49:00), recess (@ 3:52:00) * KNBC news-break. OJ TRIAL #002 DVD (3:58:45) * Live evidence search KNBC news * Michele Kestler cross-examination cont.
    [Show full text]
  • Digital Age Samaritans
    Boston College Law Review Volume 62 Issue 4 Article 3 4-29-2021 Digital Age Samaritans Zachary D. Kaufman University of Houston Law Center, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/bclr Part of the Criminal Law Commons, Internet Law Commons, and the Science and Technology Law Commons Recommended Citation Zachary D. Kaufman, Digital Age Samaritans, 62 B.C. L. Rev. 1117 (2021), https://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/bclr/vol62/iss4/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. DIGITAL AGE SAMARITANS ZACHARY D. KAUFMAN INTRODUCTION .......................................................................................................................... 1119 I. OBSERVATION OF CRIME IN THE DIGITAL AGE ...................................................................... 1129 A. Opportunities ................................................................................................................... 1129 B. Challenges ....................................................................................................................... 1133 II. THE GATES-LONINA CASE .................................................................................................... 1139 III. GOOD AND BAD SAMARITANS IN THE DIGITAL AGE ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • AM BRIT OCTOBER 2015 Changes.Indd
    Periodical POSTAGE PAID Marshfield, MO OCTOBER 2015 • Volume LXVII • Number 10 Number • LXVII Volume • 2015 OCTOBER The American Brittany American The B:8.75 in T:8.5 in S:7.5 in B:8.75 in T:8.5 in S:7.5 in FOCUSED DISCOVER A BREAKTHROUGH B:11.25 in NUTRITION S:10 in TO FOCUS INNOVATION FOR DOGS 7 AND in T:11 OLDER IN THE FIELD. PURINA DISCOVERED enhanced botanical oils can be In the fi eld or in competition, your Bri� any needs used as an additional THEspecialized INSIGHT nutrition to complementenergy his specializedsource for the brain THE RESULTS aroundgenetics age and7, a dog’s training. in dogs age 7+. when added to the daily diet glucoseThat’s metabolism why every in the dry formula we make at of dogs seven and older: brain begins to change, our Purina-owned U.S. plants is cra� ed which can aff ect memory, B:11.25 in T:11 in T:11 to help him be the best he can be. PROMOTED S:10 in learning, awareness or • Memory • A� ention decision-making. • Trainability DIFFERENCES YOU MAY purinaproclub.com SEE IN YOUR DOG: • Interaction with you Purina trademarks are owned by Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Printed in the USA. • Interest in playing • Ability to adapt and cope with change CheckMark Communications American Bri� any Discover more at June 2015 BRIGHTMINDEFFECT.COM Ad Code: NPPL14BDBRNA2-REV 726644 Ad Size: 8-1/2”W x 11”D + Bleeds Available exclusively at Pet Specialty Retailers Purina trademarks are owned by Société des Produits Nestlé S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Recipe for Paranoia
    TELE VISION "they"? In the manner of Perry Mason, Greene sets out to find out—and therein lies the show's cheapest shot. Conspir- acy buffs have relentlessly tried to pin JFK's murder on both pro- and anti- Castro Cubans, the FBI, the CIA and even the Mafia. As Greene pursues leads to each of these links, the film keeps switching to dramatized flashback scenes in which Oswald is shown secret- ly meeting with a variety of sinister- looking figures. Obviously, someone is trying to recruit him for something. Back in the present, Oswald's defense team reads conspiracy into the most neb- ulous of clues. One of their potential witnesses is Found dead after being stabbed with an ice pick. "That sounds like the Mob," concludes Greene's assis- tant. A second witness expires in an automobile crash. -Another accident?" ABC photos bellows Greene. The assistant then re- ABC's 'Trial of Lee Harvey Oswald': Revisionism and showbiz turns with an elaborate theory involving a CIA-Mafia connection motivated by the haziest of mutual interests. By the time Oswald himself takes the stand to Recipe for Paranoia deny his guilt, the audience has been y many other names, what is today From inconsistencies in the Warren conditioned to select a conspiracy to fit B called a "docu-drama" has been Commission Report, plus all manner of almost any prejudice. around ever since William Shakespeare subsequent speculations, ABC has fash- A Fatal Covenant: Indeed, virtually ev- did his semi-fictional number on Julius ioned what amounts to a brief for the ery ingredient in this production seems Caesar.
    [Show full text]
  • English Legal System
    ELEVENTH EDITION English Legal System ‘The book has several strengths welcome to students and lecturers alike: up to date, well-written and comprehensive. It provides clear exposition of the central themes whilst the delightful layout makes the information readily accessible.’ Dr. Jackson Maogoto, Senior Lecturer, University of Manchester English Legal System is the best-selling undergraduate text on this subject, providing an authoritative and engaging account of the structure and mechanisms of the law in England and Wales. The authors skilfully present a thought- provoking analysis of the subject, making this the defi nitive introduction to the area and the fi rst choice for students year after year. Annually revised and fully updated, Elliott and Quinn’s English Legal System continues to keep you fully informed of progress and changes premium within this constantly evolving topic. Some key recent developments covered in this eleventh edition include: • The establishment of the Supreme Court • Planned reforms in the Constitutional Reform and Governance Bill Do you want to give yourself a head start come • Changes to the regulation of the legal profession, including the exam time? establishment of the Legal Services Board Visit www.mylawchamber.co.uk/ElliottELS • The opening of family courts to the media to access the accompanying Pearson eText, an • Police tactics following the G20 demonstrations electronic version of English Legal System. The eText is fully linked to interactive quizzes, This eleventh edition offers: sample exam questions with answer guidance, • Comprehensive exposition of the legal system of England and Wales and fl ashcards – all designed so that you can test yourself on topics covered in this book.
    [Show full text]
  • Considering Collusion: a Primer on Potential Crimes
    CONSIDERING COLLUSION: A PRIMER ON POTENTIAL CRIMES OCTOBER 31, 2018 BARRY H. BERKE, DANI R. JAMES, NOAH BOOKBINDER, AND NORMAN L. EISEN* In brief Although “collusion” is not the name of a codified crime,1 the term has come to be shorthand for the possibility that the Trump campaign, its advisors or the president himself coordinated with Russia to help Trump win the 2016 presidential election. Indeed, Special Counsel Robert Mueller has been authorized to investigate “any links and/or coordination between the Russian government and individuals associated with the campaign of President Donald Trump” and to prosecute federal crimes arising from that investigation.2 The president and his proxies have frequently advanced the claim that such coordination, even if it occurred, would not be unlawful. Their refrain that “collusion is not a crime” is in one sense correct. Collusion is not a single crime. It is instead a rubric that encompasses many possible offenses. We detail some of the principal ones in this report. All turn on the possibility that Trump or his associates took action in connection with Russia’s attempts to impact the outcome of our country’s presidential election. The criminal nature of the Russian effort is already well-known. The special counsel’s 191 charges brought against 35 individuals and companies spell out some of the crimes allegedly committed in furtherance of the Russian attack on our democracy. Those include indictments of Russian individuals and entities for their participation in conspiracies to hack into the computer and email systems of 1 The president himself has invoked the term to suggest various wrongdoing by opponents.
    [Show full text]
  • A Short History of Organised Peace Work
    Goliath v David: A Short History of the Fight Against Organised Peace Work “Hermann Göring described, during an interview at the Nuremberg Trials, how denouncing and outlawing pacifism was an important part of the Nazis' seizure of power: "The people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked and denounce the paci- fists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country." “The United States was founded with a militia tradition of citizen-sol- diers.”1 “As the Seven Years’ War stretched into 1758, an “unknown Gentleman” in Pennsylvania censured surrounding Quaker communities for failing to raise pro- vincial “Troops in … a Time [of] inevitable destruction.” Arguing that pacifist policies proved dangerous in times of war, the author claimed that if natives at- tacked the undefended colony Quakers would “be[come] accessary [sic] to the Murders of their Wives and Children.”2 “The basic authority of a modern state over its people resides in its war powers... On a day-to-day basis, it is represented by the institution of police, armed organiz- ations charged expressly with dealing with "internal enemies" in a military man- ner. Like the conventional "external" military, the police are also substantially ex- empt from many civilian legal restraints on their social behaviour. In some coun- tries, the artificial distinction between police and other military forces does not ex- ist. On the long-term basis, a government's emergency war powers - inherent in the structure of even the most libertarian of nations - define the most significant aspect of the relation between state and citizen.”3 “In addition, peace movements worldwide have to face charges of being un- patriotic, of undermining the troops, even of assisting the enemy”.
    [Show full text]
  • Secrecy Laws Would Treat Media As Spies
    NEWS FROM THE NATIONAL EXECUTIVE Informedissue 36 July 2021 requiring official ID and strip the Electoral Commission of powers to initiate criminal prosecutions of election wrongdoing, made their way through the Houses of Parliament. Under the Police, Crime, Courts and Sentencing Bill protestors could face criminal charges if otherwise peaceful demonstrations are deemed to cause “nuisance” or are “noisy” or even have an “impact” on others in the area. This Bill also gives a range of authorities the ability to extract information from electronic devices to seek evidence in prosecuting certain crimes; it’s unclear if this will affect journalists. The NUJ’s Ethics Council has voiced deep concerns about the Nationality and Secrecy laws would Borders Bill which introduces a two-tier asylum system and the criminalisation treat media as spies of anyone who arrives in the UK without permission. The Law Society says it would A raft of legislation and government treat journalists as if they are spies.” be in contravention of the 1951 Refugee plans present an unparalleled The two Duncan Campbells – the Convention. Most commentators agree assault on journalism, democracy former Guardian correspondent; and it is a nasty piece of legislation which will and human rights which would the investigative journalist specialising endanger some of the most vulnerable give an increasingly authoritarian in civil liberties who was a defendant in people in the world fleeing war and government draconian powers. the 1978 ABC trial on charges of leaking persecution. The Bill also paves the way If they become law, it would mean government information – reprised their for potential offshore processing centres that – just by doing their job – journalists double act of the July meeting of the for refugees.
    [Show full text]
  • The Ethical and Legal Considerations for Attorneys Conducting Investigations
    Hofstra Law Review Volume 36 | Issue 2 Article 10 2007 Fighting Fire with Fire: Private Attorneys Using the Same Investigative Techniques as Government Attorneys: The thicE al and Legal Considerations for Attorneys Conducting Investigations Gerald B. Lefcourt Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Lefcourt, Gerald B. (2007) "Fighting Fire with Fire: Private Attorneys Using the Same Investigative Techniques as Government Attorneys: The thicalE and Legal Considerations for Attorneys Conducting Investigations," Hofstra Law Review: Vol. 36: Iss. 2, Article 10. Available at: http://scholarlycommons.law.hofstra.edu/hlr/vol36/iss2/10 This document is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Hofstra Law Review by an authorized administrator of Scholarly Commons at Hofstra Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Lefcourt: Fighting Fire with Fire: Private Attorneys Using the Same Investi FIGHTING FIRE WITH FIRE: PRIVATE ATTORNEYS USING THE SAME INVESTIGATIVE TECHNIQUES AS GOVERNMENT ATTORNEYS: THE ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS FOR ATTORNEYS CONDUCTING INVESTIGATIONS GeraldB. Lefcourt* I. INTRODUCTION As any litigator knows, cases are won or lost on the facts. Effective factual development and investigation are crucial to the success of any case. But lawyers are often faced with legal and ethical dilemmas concerning the investigative techniques they and their investigators want to use. This is particularly true in criminal cases, where discovery is extremely limited. One of the thorniest issues is the use of deception and other surreptitious techniques to gather information.
    [Show full text]
  • CHJPTER SEVEN Reconstructing Socialist Criminology 7.1 the Riots
    - 533 - CHJPTER SEVEN Reconstructing Socialist Criminology 7.1 The Riots of 1981 The most serious problem to confront the Thatcher Government in the first 2½ years of its project of social and economic construction emerged, in the event, from the underclass rather than from the organised Labour Movement. The serious but localised riots of 1980 in Brixton and Bristol - which had been authoritatively explained as resulting from conditions peculiar to particular neighbourhoods - were followed in July 1981 by a series of major disturbances in Southall, Toxteth, Brixton (on several separate occasions), Moss Side, and elsewhere. Massive amounts of property damage and looting occurred and large numbers of police and the public were injured. On 13 July, the Nerseyside Police became the first force in mainland Britain to make use of rubber bullets and CS gas on civilians, and, in the same week, the Government announced that army camps would be used to house those who received prison sentences as a result of the riots. The Government also announced its intention to investigate the possibility of legislating for a new Riot Act and generally proclaimed its support for more aggressive police responses in any future situation where there was "a threat to public order". In July and in August, further outbreaks of street violence occurred sporadically in Liverpool and in other British cities. These were authoritatively explained as "copycat riots", requiring the firm and deterrent response from the authorities. On 29 July, in Liverpool, 22 year old David Moore, crippled in one leg, died after being pinned against a wall by a Police Land-rover, after Merseyside Police had adopted the method of clearing crowds used by the RUC in Belfast (of driving vans at and through the people on the street) .
    [Show full text]
  • Goliath Vs David: a Short History of the Fight Against Organised Peace Work
    Goliath vs David: A Short History of the Fight Against Organised Peace Work “Hermann Göring described, during an interview at the Nuremberg Trials, how denouncing and outlawing pacifism was an important part of the Nazis' seizure of power: "The people can always be brought to the bidding of the leaders. That is easy. All you have to do is tell them they are being attacked and denounce the paci- fists for lack of patriotism and exposing the country to danger. It works the same way in any country." “The United States was founded with a militia tradition of citizen-soldiers.”1 “As the Seven Years’ War stretched into 1758, an “unknown Gentleman” in Pennsylvania censured surrounding Quaker communities for failing to raise pro- vincial “Troops in … a Time [of] inevitable destruction.” Arguing that pacifist policies proved dangerous in times of war, the author claimed that if natives at- tacked the undefended colony Quakers would “be[come] accessary [sic] to the Murders of their Wives and Children.”2 “The basic authority of a modern state over its people resides in its war powers... On a day-to-day basis, it is represented by the institution of police, armed organiz- ations charged expressly with dealing with "internal enemies" in a military man- ner. Like the conventional "external" military, the police are also substantially ex- empt from many civilian legal restraints on their social behaviour. In some coun- tries, the artificial distinction between police and other military forces does not ex- ist. On the long-term basis, a government's emergency war powers - inherent in the structure of even the most libertarian of nations - define the most significant aspect of the relation between state and citizen.”3 “In addition, peace movements worldwide have to face charges of being un- patriotic, of undermining the troops, even of assisting the enemy”.
    [Show full text]
  • 2021 VCC Virginia Crime Codes
    2021 VCC Virginia Crime Codes Listed Alphabetically and by Statute Virginia Criminal Sentencing Commission u Virginia Crime Codes (VCC) Instructions Guideline Offenses If an offense is covered by the sentencing guidelines, the The Virginia Crime Codes (VCCs) presented herein represent VCC and statute for that offense are in bold. Users are an offense identification system based on the Code of Virgin- reminded to refer to the offense listing at the beginning ia. Codes have been developed and assigned to most crimes of each chapter and the rules in the front of the Guide- defined in the Code of Virginia. These codes are used when lines Manual to determine the appropriate worksheet to deciding which sentencing guidelines worksheet to complete and be completed. for determining statutory seriousness levels. Mandatory Minimums Code Characteristics If the penalty for an offense includes a mandatory min- The VCCs are comprised of a combination of nine letters and imum that a judge must impose and cannot suspend, numbers (e.g., BUR-2211-F3). The first three letters of each the amount of time is printed in the mandatory minimum VCC represent an abbreviation of the broad offense title under column (abbreviated “MM”). which the crime falls. Thus, the prefix “BUR” is used for all bur- glary offenses, “ARS” for all arson offenses, “ASL” for all assault Selecting the Proper VCC offenses, and so forth. The next four digits are an identification A VCC is assigned to each separate offense in a sen- code unique to each crime. The last two positions of the VCC tencing event.
    [Show full text]