Pakistan Journal of Languages and Translation Studies Issue-VII No.1
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Pakistan Journal of Languages and Translation Studies Centre for Languages and Translation Studies University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan Editor-in-chief Professor Dr. Shabbir Atiq (Vice Chancellor, University of Gujrat) Editor: Dr. Ghulam Ali Co-Editor: Dr Kanwal Zahra Editorial Board 1. Prof Dr Farish Ullah Yousafzai (University of Gujrat) Pakistan 2. Dr Zahid Yousaf (University of Gujrat) Pakistan 3. Dr Muhammad Mushtaq (University of Gujrat) Pakistan 4. Dr Faisal Mirza (University of Gujrat) Pakistan Editorial Advisory Board 1. Prof. Dr. Luise Von Flotow (Ottawa University) 2. Dr. Salah Basalamah (Ottawa University) 3. Dr. Joan L.G. Baart (Linguistic Consultant, Dallas, TX) USA 4. Prof. Dr. Gayatri Chakravorti Spivak (Columbia University, New York) USA 5. Prof. Dr. Susan Bassnett (University of Warwick) UK 6. Dr. Kathryn Batchelor (University of Nottingham) UK 7. Dr. Alex Ho-Cheong Leung (Lecturer, Northumbria University, Newcastle) UK 8. Professor, Dr. Miriam Butt (University of Konstanz) Germany 9. Dr. Ali Sorayyaei Azar School of Education and Social Sciences, Management & Science University (MSU), Malaysia 10. Prof. Dr. Zakharyin, Boris Alexeyevich (HOD, Indian Philology, Moscow State University) Russia 11. Dr. Liudmila Victorovna Khokhlova (Depart: of Indian Philology, Moscow State Uni) Russia 12. Dr. Masood Khoshsaligheh (AP, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad), Iran 13. Dr. Abdolmohammad Movahhed (Persian Gulf University, Bushehr), Iran 14. Dr. Abdul Fateh Omer (Salman Bin Abdul-Aziz University), Egypt 15. Prof. Gopi Chand Narang (Professor Emeritus, University of Delhi) India 16. Prof. Dr. Samina Amin Qadir (VC, FJWU, Rawalpindi),Pakistan 17. Prof. Dr. Nasir Jamal Khattak (Chairman, English, University of Peshawar) Pakistan 18. Prof. Dr. Muhammad Qasim Bughio (Ex. Pro VC, University of Sindh), Pakistan 19. Prof. Dr. Raja Nasim Akhter (AJ & K University, Muzaffarabad), Pakistan 20. Dr. Mirza Hamid Baig (Ex. Dean Islamia College, Railway Road, Lahore) Pakistan 21. Prof. Dr. Tabassum Kashmiri (GC University, Lahore), Pakistan 22. Prof. Dr. Sarmad Hussain (Centre for Language Engineering, UET, Lahore) Pakistan 23. Dr. Aftab Ahmed (BUITEMS, Quetta),Pakistan 24. Dr. M. Safeer Awan (Prof, English, NUML, Islamabad), Pakistan 25. Dr Muhammad Shaban (Chairperson English UMT, Lahore) Sub-Editors: 1. Dr Muhammad Javed Iqbal 2. Mr Raza-e-Mustafa 3. Ms Faria ShaheenMr 4. Muhammad Kamran Pakistan Journal of Languages and Translation Studies, UOG, Issue 2019, No. 1 ABOUT AUTHORS Waseem Ahmad PhD Scholar, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad. [email protected] Dr. Humaira Ahmad Assistant Professor, Department of English, National University of Modern Languages Islamabad [email protected] Abdul Wadood Assistant Professor (PhD Scholar), Balochistan University of Information Technology, Engineering and Management Sciences, Quetta Dr Abdul Majeed Chandio Professor, Shah Abdul Latif University, Khairpur Dr. Asma Aftab Assistant Professor, Department of English Literature, GCUF, Faisalabad. Sadia Akram Lecturer, Department of English Literature GCUF, Faisalabad. Dr. Mujahid Shah Assistant Professor, Department of English, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan Wajid Riaz, Assistant Professor, University of Lahore. Shaista Malik Lecturer Hazara University Dr. Jamil Asghar Director, Translation & Interpretation Department, NUML, Islamabad. Ghulam Ali Assistant Professor, CeLTS, UOG Dr Zahid Yousaf Associate Professor, CMCS, UOG Dr. Arshad Ali Assistant Professor, CMCS, UOG Sahibzada Shamim-ur-Rasul Lecturer, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan. Mushtaq Ahmad Assistant Professor, Department of Education, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, Pakistan. Ansar Mehmood Head of the Department, Department of English, University of Lahore, Sargodha Campus, Sargodha, Pakistan Dr. Uzma Imtiaz Assistant Professor, Department of English, FJWU, Rawalpindi Prof. Dr. Shaheena Ayub Director, Gender Studies, FJWU, Rawalpindi Bhatti Dr. Aisha Jadoon Assistant Professor, COMSATS, Islamabad Raza-E-Mustafa PhD Scholar, University of Management and Technology, Lahore Riaz Ahmed Mangrio Assistant Professor, University of Gujrat Nasir Abbas Syed LUAWMS, Uthal Balochistan Pakistan, ([email protected]) Ghulam Raza PIEAS Islamabad Muhammad Shaban Rafi Chairperson, Department of English, UMT, Lahore Isra Irshad PhD Scholar, Department of English, UOG Ali Usman Assitant Professor, GCU, Faisalabad Pakistan Journal of Languages and Translation Studies, UOG, Issue 2019, No. 1 PAKISTAN JOURNAL OF LANGUAGES AND TRANSLATION STUDIES CONTENTS 1. Learning Self-Realization and Self-Esteem through Native American Literature: A New Historicist Approach to Study Gieogamah’s Body Indian 5 2. Afghan National Army: Security and Political Challenges after the Withdrawal of International Security Assistance Force 19 3. Dialectics of Tension Between Politics and Reason in Pakistani Cultutal Lanscape: A Critical Reading of Uzma Aslam Khan’s the Geometry of God 38 4. An Exploration of the Functions of Bi-Multilingual Practices Inside and outside Classroom 57 5. The Roman Conquest of Urdu in Pakistani Movie Posters: A Study of the Cannibalistic Politics of Transliteration 79 6. Effect of Inductive Grammar Teaching on Secondary School Students’ Grammatical Knowledge 101 7. Metamorphosis of a Novel into Film: The Reluctant Fundamentalist as Novella And Film 114 8. Suffixal Derivation of Rangri Adjectives: A Word-And-Paradigm Analysis 128 9. Pronominal Suffixes and Clitics In Saraiki 148 10. Language of Politics and Youth Activism on Social Media: Implications for the Political Discourse of Pakistan 174 11. Intertextual and Inter-Discursive Construction of Muslim Identity in Iqbal’s Poetry: A Postcolonial Perspective 192 Pakistan Journal of Languages and Translation Studies, UOG, Issue 2019, No. 1 4 Pakistan Journal of Languages and Translation Studies, UOG, Issue 2019, No. 1 LEARNING SELF-REALIZATION AND SELF-ESTEEM THROUGH NATIVE AMERICAN LITERATURE: A NEW HISTORICIST APPROACH TO STUDY GIEOGAMAH’S BODY INDIAN Waseem Ahmad & Humaira Ahmad Abstract With the aim of learning the lessons of self-realization and self-esteem, the current descriptive study has investigated Native American drama with the focus on Hanay Geiogamah’s play Body Indian (published 1980). Geiogamah is the first Native American playwright who published an anthology of plays which includes Body Indian. During the research, the scrutiny of the selected play has highlighted the study of literature for learning individuals’ ability to cope with self-created problems such as indifference to the recognition of one’s responsibilities. Through the textual analysis of the utterances of perplexed characters in Body Indian, the study reminds Native Americans of their alcoholic state that is not the result of only White Americans’ unfavorable attitude towards American Indian lands but is also the outcome of lack of sensibility on the part of Native Americans regarding their traditional culture. The paper used New Historicism as a literary theory in a bid to authenticate the research by making parallel study of the selected literary text and non-literary sources, such as history books, that validated the play’s thematic patterns. The findings have indicated that Body Indian offers a serious reading on the part of Native Americans as well as the readers of literature in order to realize the worth of self-assessment, prior to indiscriminately blaming others for causing confoundedness in their life. Keywords: Native Americans, White Americans, Self-realization, Native American Drama, New Historicism 5 Pakistan Journal of Languages and Translation Studies, UOG, Issue 2019, No. 1 1. Introduction The study of literature – novels, poetry, plays - invites the readers to broaden their imagination through authors’ writing styles, expressions, and themes of general interest. Literary figures tend to portray contemporary social and moral values of a society as well as the individuals’ personal traits and tendencies like self-realization and self- assessment. Native American Literature, too, functions as a ready reference for the readers to understand the approach of Native American literati towards life. Thematically, the American Indian writers are inclined to discuss historical events in their writings. Additionally, the themes of cultural conflicts between the Native and the White or Euro-Americans are also very common in the Native literary works. Such themes originate from the beliefs that Native American tribes have always attempted to revive their language and to rescue the Native culture (White 2008). In other words, Native American literati convey a shared historical, tribal, and cultural identity (Dennis 2007). Hence, the issues of Native Americans’ assimilation into the typical American society and the survival of Native American culture reflect in the works of Native/Indigenous playwrights such as N. Scott Momaday and Hanay Geiogamah. More specifically, Native American drama highlights the subject of the survival of the Native American culture and identity as the indigenous people of America. The Native playwrights, in this regard, depict the discriminatory and unfavorable policies of White Americans. The policies include different constitutional acts, treaties, and organizations, which mostly, as traced through the official documents of the Federal United States Government, target Native American culture and sovereignty. Historically, White Americans, whom Native Americans