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HON. E. L. BARTLETT Carry It Along the Coastal Trail; in the Blizzard, Hoping to Find the Trail in the of ALASKA Winter, He Would Carry It by Dogsled Morning

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HON. E. L. BARTLETT Carry It Along the Coastal Trail; in the Blizzard, Hoping to Find the Trail in the of ALASKA Winter, He Would Carry It by Dogsled Morning 17008 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE September 13 UNITED NATIONS To be representatives To be alternate representatives The following-named persons to be repre­ Adlai E. Stevenson, of Illinois. Mercer Cook, Ambassador Extraordinary sentatives and alternate representatives of EDNA F. KELLY, U.S. Representative from and Plenipotentiary of the United States to the United States of America to the 18th the State of New York. the Republtc of Niger. · WILLIAM: s. MAn.l.IARD, U.S. Representative Charles C. Stelle, of Maryland. session of the General Assembly of the from the State of California. Jonathan B. Bingham, of New York. United Nations, to serve no longer than De­ Francis T. P. Plimpton, of New York. Sidney R. Yates, of Dllnols. cember 31, 1963: Charles W. Yost, of New York. Mrs. Jane Warner Dick, of Illinois. EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS Man and Dog: The Mail Goes Through heaving. This meant that breakup could in open water. The dogs could hear it come very soon. too and they began to whimper; only EXTENSION OF REMARKS Crag Hart had the contract to carry Brandy's confident example kept them the mail on the Star Route from Ungalik going. Crag was at the point of camp­ OF to Nome. In the summer, he would ing for the night to await the end of the HON. E. L. BARTLETT carry it along the coastal trail; in the blizzard, hoping to find the trail in the OF ALASKA winter, he would carry it by dogsled morning. Brandy, however, did not stop. Arid this saved them all from the break­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES straight out across Norton Sound, over the ice. up which came in the early morning Friday, September 13, 1963 The trail across the ice was marked hours. Mr. BARTLET'l'. Mr. President, it is by red :flags. Blizzards blew up quickly Without command Brandy turned the seldom that we pay tribute to the man on the icepack; ice haze and fog were sled 180° and Crag, from the sled could who carries the mail. Yet, without his common; and the flags helped to keep not immediately see why. As the sled faithful and efficient service, our Nation, the dogs on the trail. So long as the made the arc turn, through the mists he its society, and its economy would come trail was broken through the snow and saw-the open sea. A few feet more and to a complete and immediate halt. marked by flags across the ice, the dogs man and dogs would have fallen into the Delivering the mails is a large, com­ would keep on the path without direction freezing water. Life would have lMted plex, and difficult task, today. In years from the driver. Without the flags it only a very few moments. past, it was all this, and more: it was was easy to get lost and to head out to Brandy led the way, the only possible dangerous and courageous. sea in the sunless winter. way to go, away from the open sea, back The Post Office has provided regular Crag was warned on that day, as he to the safety of the shore. They re­ delivery of the mails in my own State of began his trip to. Nome, that breakup of traced their trail, the snow coming down Alaska since the appointment of a Mr. the icepack was imminent. This could more heavily. It was wet and turning John H. Kinkefl.d as Postmaster of Sitka, come in several ways: the ice could split, into slush on the ice, making it harder break apart and drift out to sea, carry­ for the sled to move. As they continued on July 23, 1867. Mr. Kinkead later on, Crag noticed they were climbing. served as the first Governor. ing man and dogs; the ice could break apart in such large sections that it might This meant they were riding over an ice In the winter months, in the northern be hours before a man would know that ridge caused by water pressures under half of Alaska, the principal method of he was helplessly adrift at sea; another the ice, forcing the ice to split and buckle carrying the mail traditionally has been possibility was equally bad: the Yukon upward. When they got to the top of by dogsled. Only in recent years has the could blast open, pouring torrents of the rise, there would be a crevasse­ sled been replaced by the airplane. On fresh water into Norton Sound under which it might or might not be possible June 13_of this year, Mr. President, a mel­ the sea ice and causing it to buckle up to straddle with the dogs and the sled. ancholy ceremony in Fairbanks marked or explode into great chunks. As they came to the top of the crest, the end of mail delivery by dogsled. Crag had confidence in himself and Brandy leapt the 3-foot crevasse. The Trucks and planes now carry the mails his dogs, especially in his lead dog, the team dogs, leaping in turn, scrambled in Alaska. malamute, Brandy. Crag was fortunate across. The momentum pulled the sled This is not to say that dog teams are Brandy was an excelle:Q.t leader. He had across and at that point, Crag lost his no longer an essential part of Alaskan the strength necessary in emergencies grip. life. In the dark of winter, they are still to turn the dog team when it was con­ He fell into the crevasse. the most practical, and often· the only fronted suddenly by a crevasse or a break He was wedged 7 feet or so below the available means of transport in the in the ice. The dog had the intelligence surface and between two great sheets of northern part of our State. Man and and good sense necessary to keep the ice. At any moment it was possible the dog, working together, opened Alaska. team cheerful and hard working. A bad blocks would shift and crush him. His Until recent times, dogsled trails linked tempered lead dog or one easily diverted hands and feet could get no hold on the most northern Alaskan communities. is an invitation to disaster when crossing slick ice walls. He called for Brandy When I was a boy and was growing up a lonely stretch of ice at a temperature and his voice was lost in the wind. He in Fairbanks, there were many dog teams of 40 below. called and called; and he lost conscious­ in town. For over 6 months of the year Crag had confidence in his team and ness in the cold. the Yukon River was frozen, and sleds his luck that morning as he set out across He regained consciousness from a sud­ were the common means of travel. the ice. Hour after hour the trip was den blow of pain across his face. He The stories, the tales, and the legends uneventful although there was the smell opened his eyes to find Brandy hanging about man and dog against the Alaska of salt water in the air, noticed both by in front of him, desperately trying to winter are a part of our heritage as Brandy and by Hart. This was not a grab in his teeth Crag's parka. In doing Alaskans and Americans. They are truly good sign. It meant the open sea was so he had slashed Crag's face. The lead as great and as important to the story near. dog, noticing the driver missing from the of our country as are the cowboy and As the hours went by, the mist began sled, had turned the sled around, re­ Indian stories of the lower 48 States. to darken. A blizzard blew up. The sled turned to the crevasse and leaped into it, The occasion · of the end of dogsled and dogs were blown obliquely by the dragging with him all the other dogs on mail delivery perhaps calls for the re­ wind across the ice, but they continued the team and wedging firmly the sled counting of one or two of these stories. on toward Nome. across the top of the ice break. Brandy Let me first tell of Crag Hart, a great Suddenly overhead Crag could hear had come back for his master. musher of the early nineteen hundreds. the cry of sea gulls-a very bad sign. Using the- harness as a ladder, Crag The snow was heavier and blowing, all Hart climbed out, ,pulling the dogs out CRAG MUSHES T~ROUGH was white: land, sea, and sky. They after him. He righted the sled and In early May of 1904, the icepack st111 were no longer able to find the :flags. Brandy led the dogs, the sled and Crag lay over all of Norton Sound and the They were lost in the storm. Hart safely to the shore. Bering Sea. The Yukon River was And then Crag could hear the bark The mail got through that day. It frozen, but the ice was breaking and of ugruks, the sea lions, who live only always did, one way or another. 1963 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE 17009 CHESTER NOONGWOOK: THE LAST suit, the ceremonies were postponed. ture circuit with the musher, Black Luk, Crag Hart was but one of many brave The excuse for the delay · was poor in the lower 48. It is interesting to note men who carried the mail by dogsled weather. Poor weather holds up air­ that the second-place winner, Fox Ram­ across Alaska for over 60 years. Dog­ planes; it very seldom holds up dog­ sey, took only 10 minutes to turn around sleds provided regularly scheduled serv­ sleds.
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