The Great Dogsled Relay

A Publication by The American Society for the Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Pharmacologist Vol. 56 • Number 4 • December 2014

Inside: 2015 Annual Meeting Program

BIG IDEAS Initiative The Pharmacologist is published and distributed by the American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics. THE PHARMACOLOGIST PRODUCTION TEAM Prateeksha Nagar Suzie Thompson Rich Dodenhoff Contents... Judith A. Siuciak, PhD COUNCIL 2014 Year in Review President 179 Annette E. Fleckenstein, PhD President-Elect 182 2014 Contributions Kenneth E. Thummel, PhD Past President Richard R. Neubig, MD, PhD 2015 Election 184 Secretary/Treasurer Paul A. Insel, MD BIG IDEAS Initiative – An Update Secretary/Treasurer-Elect 187 Dennis C. Marshall, PhD Past Secretary/Treasurer 190 Meeting News Sandra P. Welch, PhD Councilors Charles P. France, PhD How Bostonian Are You? 205 John D. Schuetz, PhD Margaret E. Gnegy, PhD 208 Feature Story: The Great Dogsled Relay – Chair, Board of Publications Trustees The Race against Diphtheria Mary E. Vore, PhD Chair, Program Committee Scott Waldman, MD, PhD 219 Science Policy News FASEB Board Representative Brian M. Cox, PhD Executive Officer 227 Education News Judith A. Siuciak, PhD

The Pharmacologist (ISSN 0031-7004) 231 Journal News is published quarterly in March, June, September, and December by the American Society for Pharmacology 232 Members-in-the-News and Experimental Therapeutics, 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3995. Annual subscription 235 Division News rates: $20.00 for ASPET members; $45.00 for U.S. nonmembers and institutions; $70.00 for nonmembers 241 Chapter News and institutions outside the U.S. Single copy: $20.00. Copyright © 2014 by the American Society for New Members Pharmacology and Experimental 244 Therapeutics Inc. All rights reserved. Periodicals postage paid at Bethesda, Upcoming Meetings & Congresses MD. GST number for Canadian 247 subscribers: BN:13489 2330 RT. ASPET assumes no responsibility for the statements and opinions advanced by contributors to The Pharmacologist. Postmaster: Send address changes to: The Pharmacologist, ASPET 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3995.

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 179 2014 Year in Review

It’s time to raise a toast to a fantastic 2014!

New Year, New Logo 2014 ASPET Annual Meeting at This spring ushered in a notable, new change Experimental Biology for ASPET – the launch of our brand new logo and This year we held an extraordinary joint tagline! After nearly a year and a half of conducting meeting with the Chinese Pharmacological Society branding research, interviewing members, and (CNPHARS) in San Diego with a robust attendance working with members and designers to come up with of 13,376 attendees at the overall Experimental the new logo, we were proud and excited to unveil Biology meeting and 1,321 scientists at the ASPET our fresh new look. Our new tagline “Transforming annual meeting. Our annual meeting program this Discoveries into Therapies” captures the important year was bursting with cutting-edge science led by work our members do and also conveys the outstanding speakers in our field. We awarded 82 message that you don’t have to be a conventional Graduate Student Travel Awards, 29 Young Scientist “pharmacologist” to be an ASPET member. Going off Travel Awards, and 5 SURF Fellow Awards and this new message of diversity, we started the “I am an welcomed 8 ASPET Washington Fellows. Be sure to ASPET Member campaign,” showing all the different look at our program for 2015, when we will meet in fields our members work in. For more information Boston March 28–April 1, 2015. about the “I am an ASPET Member campaign,” visit www.aspet.org/I_AM_AN_ASPET_Member The BIG IDEAS Initiative The Society also announced its BIG IDEAS The Pharmacologist initiative for the first time this summer and invited As part of our rebranding process, we decided to individual members and divisions to submit proposals take another step forward and redefine our quarterly for new projects that would directly benefit ASPET publication, The Pharmacologist. The 2014 editions of members. After two rounds of reviewing many high The Pharmacologist underwent a complete overhaul quality proposals, the ASPET Council selected three – with a bright design and feature articles full of BIG IDEAS to pursue: 1) Enhancing Undergraduate compelling imagery and graphics, in depth interviews, Engagement in ASPET at EB Meetings, 2) Industry and more information about A Publication by The American Society for Internships for Pharmacology PhD Students (IIPPS), the Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics members’ achievements. If you Pharmacologist Vol. 56 • Number 2 • June 2014 3) From Senior Mentor to Highly Skilled Career haven’t yet checked A Publication by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics the A Publication by The American Society for Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics the Stamping Out Coach: Breaking the Diversity Roadblock. We extend Drug TamperingPharmacologist Vol. 56 • Number 1 • March 2014 out the new editions, PharmacologistVol. 56 • Number 3 • September 2014 Oat Sprouts and our congratulations to all who were involved in the visit us online at the Topliss Tree: The Crohn RationalizingInside: SAR EB 2014 In Review development of these projects and thank all ASPET Call for Award Legacy Nominations www.aspet.org/The_ New ASPET Awards for 2015 House Spending members who committed their time and energy to Allocations Foretell Inside: Limited Growth for NIH Inside: Pharmacologist.aspx Message from the President: New Year…New Look Annette Fleckenstein 2014 ASPET Election apply to this initiative. For an in-depth update, refer to 2015 Annual Results Meeting Highlights 2014 ASPET Award Winners WCP 2014 Meeting in Review Annual Meeting Highlights SURF Spotlight page 187 in this issue.

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Fundraising and Endowments New Awards This year we met our endowment goal of $60,000 There was no end to our excitement when in toward the Goodman and Gilman Endowment Fund. the summer of 2014, two new ASPET awards were We thank all our donors who made it possible for us announced – the David Lehr Research Award and the to reach our target goal. At the Fall Council meeting, Reynold Spector Award in Clinical Pharmacology. The Council approved the full funding of the John J. Abel Lehr award is intended to extend funding for preclinical Award Endowment and also provided additional or clinical research directed toward improving human support for the Graduate Student Travel Awards. This health. It was made possible by an endowment to holiday season, in the spirit of “Giving Tuesday,” we ASPET from Mrs. Lisa Lehr in honor of her husband, have committed ourselves to raise funds for the Young the late Dr. David Lehr, former chair of the Department Scientist Travel Award Fund to help young scientists of Pharmacology for New York Medical College. travel to the ASPET annual meeting to advance their The Spector award in Clinical Pharmacology was careers and the future of pharmacology. A great way established in 2014 by ASPET in recognition of Dr. for you to give back to your scientific community this Spector’s dedication and contributions to clinical year would be to contribute toward this important pharmacology. The award recognizes excellence in fund. Your tax-deductible contribution in any amount research and/or teaching in clinical pharmacology. It will make a tremendous difference to the Society’s was made possible by an endowment to ASPET from efforts. For more information on how you can help, Dr. Reynold and Mrs. Michiko Spector. visit us online at www.aspet.org/donate. The inaugural presentations for both of these awards will be at the Annual Meeting at EB 2015 IUPHAR World Congress 2014 in Boston. Over the week of July 13–18, several members of ASPET’s leadership and general membership attended the 17th World Congress of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology held in Cape Town, South Africa. This was the first world congress meeting to be held in the continent of Africa and was attended by 1,500 scientists from 74 countries. An extraordinarily successful event, the meeting emphasized the need for new therapeutic agents to combat the vast variety of infectious diseases such as Ebola, Malaria, and HIV, prevalent in the African continent. The congress opened a way for the world community to forge new partnerships with African pharmacological A scenic view of Capetown societies to address the acute health challenges facing the African people. In addition to the Society’s Website Updates participation in high-quality scientific symposia at the This fall, we were pleased to showcase the congress, ASPET members Dr. John Szarek and Dr. simple user-friendly interface of our new 2015 Simon Maxwell spearheaded discussions on a multi- Annual Meeting microsite specifically designed for national IUPHAR-ASPET Pharmacology Education an enriching user experience. The microsite has Project intended to generate novel, web-based tools everything our meeting attendees need including the for pharmacologists. full meeting program, abstract information, speakers, and special events in an easily navigable format. Be sure to visit the microsite at www.aspet.org/eb2015 as we update new items weekly. Throughout the year, we have made a dedicated effort to enhance functionality and improve the overall user experience

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 181 of the ASPET website, including adding new features, Journals refreshing content and building new web pages. We The ASPET journals have continued to lead in the have made numerous changes to the membership field of pharmacology. This year, DMD, JPET, and MOL portal, individual chapter and division sites, the began continuous publication, posting the copyedited awards portal and its corresponding submission site, and formatted version of each article as soon as it was the symposium proposal forms, and the publications ready rather than releasing articles issue by issue. portal. Additionally, our presence on social media has Pharmacological Reviews made this change in 2013. steadily increased with close to a 100 new followers A new feature called “author ePrints” was added to on our Twitter channel and improved engagement all of ASPET’s journals that allow the corresponding with nearly 1,300 fans on our Facebook page. We author to share 15 complimentary ePrints of a encourage you to follow us on Twitter and like us on copyedited and formatted article with colleagues Facebook. If you haven’t visited the ASPET website in or on a personal website. Each of our journals a while, we suggest you take a look around as we add strengthened their presence on Facebook and Twitter interesting new content daily. this year, so be sure to follow us and get updates on new issues, highlighted articles of interest, and other Divisions special topics. Another new initiative this year was to start a committee of communications officers from each of Looking Forward the Society’s nine divisions with an objective to work ASPET gained new staff members this year in our together on generating new content for ASPET’s marketing, education, membership, and meetings division-specific target audience. This effort has been departments. With new team members onboard, the helpful in facilitating an exchange of ideas, aiding Society is committed to driving its mission forward in identifying and publishing content beneficial to by fulfilling the needs of its members. In the coming division members, and increasing engagement on year we hope to continue to grow the Society and each division’s LinkedIn group. attract more members who are doing research in In addition, two divisions announced new awards pharmacology and experimental therapeutics, and we to be presented at the ASPET meeting in Boston hope that you will continue to do your part to keep our next year. The Division for Neuropharmacology membership strong. announced the Early Career Investigator Award to It has been an outstanding year, and we thank you honor a young investigator who is working in any area all for being a part of our important Society. We have of neuropharmacology. The Division for Toxicology exciting plans for the coming year so we hope that you announced two new awards: the Junior Investigator will renew your membership – if you haven’t already – Award to be presented to a member of ASPET who and gear up for an exciting 2015! is within 15 years of obtaining their highest degree As always, we would love to hear your feedback. and has made significant contributions to toxicology Email us at [email protected] to tell us how and the Career Investigator Award to be presented to we can help make your membership as beneficial as an established investigator to recognize outstanding possible! original research contributions in toxicology. ASPET’s Seasons greetings from all of us at ASPET! We annual member survey this year focused on ASPET’s hope you experience the happiest of holiday seasons divisions and how well they are serving our members’ and a happy, healthy, and successful new year. needs. The survey asked several specific questions about members’ primary division membership. We also queried members on their interest in the With contributions from Prateeksha Nagar and Suzie Thompson formation of a new cancer pharmacology division. Due to a very positive member response, Council decided to move forward with establishing this new division. The results of the survey can be found at www.aspet.org/2014_Annual_Survey_Results.

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 182 2014 Contributions

ASPET gratefully acknowledges the contributors to the following funds during 2014:

• John. J. Abel Award in Pharmacology • Keith F. & Eva K. Killam Student Travel Fund • Julius Axelrod Award in Pharmacology • Benedict R. Lucchesi Lectureship in • Bernard B. Brodie Award in Drug Metabolism Cardiac Pharmacology • Jerry J. Buccafusco Student Travel Fund • Steven E. Mayer Student Travel Fund • Joseph P. Buckley Student Travel Fund • John P. Perkins Student Travel Fund • Thomas F. Burks Student Travel Fund • Robert R. Ruffolo Career Achievement Award • P.B. Dews Award in Pharmacology • Drug Metabolism Early Career • Torald Sollmann Award in Pharmacology Achievement Award • Frank G. Standaert Student Travel Fund • Robert F. Furchgott Student Travel Fund • Sustaining Members Fund • Goodman and Gilman Award in Receptor • A. E. Takemori Student Travel Fund Pharmacology Fund • Norman Weiner Lectureship in Pharmacology • Graduate Student Travel Fund • Young Scientist Travel Fund

ASPET gratefully acknowledges the following individuals who made contributions for 2014.

Susan G. Amara Sakina E. Eltom David L. Nelson Mitchell I. Steinberg Hibah Awwad Kelvin W. Gee Richard R. Neubig Craig W. Stevens Louis A. Barker Margaret E. Gnegy Richard T. Okita Roger J. Summers John F. Bowyer Lee M. Graves Mark A. Osinski Roger K. Sunahara Patricia Broderick Louis Harris Achilles J. Pappano Palmer W. Taylor David R. Brown Ronald N. Hines Popat N. Patil Dhiren R. Thakker John T. Callaghan Kenneth A. Jacobson Merle G. Paule Jeffry L. Vaught Patrick J. Casey Bhagavan S. Jandhyala Robert N. Pechnick Stephanie W. Watts Jorie Chen Frank S. LaBella William B. Pratt Lynn Wecker Melanie H. Cobb Ralph H. Loring Walter C. Prozialeck David E. Williams Richard C. Deth Kevin R. Lynch Gary O. Rankin Carole A. Wilmot Frederick J. Ehlert C.J. Malanga, III Robert R. Ruffolo Jerrold C. Winter Doug Eikenburg Dennis C. Marshall Elaine Sanders-Bush Paula A. Witt-Enderby Julie L. Eiseman J. G. Millichap McHardy M. Smith Pancras C. Wong

This list reflects contributions received as of October 31, 2014.

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 183

New Award Endowments Thank you to our 2014 Corporate The David Lehr Research Award is made possible by an endowment to ASPET from Mrs. Lisa Lehr in honor of Contributors her husband, the late Dr. David Lehr, former chair of the Department of Pharmacology for New York Medical College. Cayman Chemical Company Data Sciences International The Reynold Spector Award in Clinical Pharmacology is Jazz Pharmaceuticals, Inc. made possible by an endowment to ASPET from Dr. Reynold Med Associates, Inc and Mrs. Michiko Spector. Merck Metabolon, Inc. Pregmadic SomaLogic Zedira

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 184

2015 Elections

The ASPET election for president-elect, secretary/ Members may view the full bulletin by clicking on treasurer-elect, and councilor will take place this the vote button on www.aspet.org or by following this month. All regular, postdoctoral, and retired members URL: www.aspet.org/2015_ASPET_Election. are eligible to vote. In addition, the following divisions As required by the by-laws, the election site on are holding elections: the web will be open for a minimum of thirty (30) days • Division for Behavioral Pharmacology from the day of notification. The election opened on • Division for Cardiovascular Pharmacology December 8, 2014 and will close on January 15, 2015. • Division for Drug Metabolism • Division for Molecular Pharmacology • Division for Toxicology

Nominees for President-Elect

Edward T. Morgan, PhD from increasing the numbers of student and young Professor, Department scientist travel awards for the EB meeting to the “BIG of Pharmacology, Emory IDEAS” initiative. It will be one of my priorities as University, Atlanta, GA; president to ensure that we continue to leverage our Winship Cancer Center, financial resources while ensuring that we remain on Drug Discovery and a solid footing. From my experience on the Board of Development Division, Publications Trustees and as an editor, I’m acutely Emory University aware of the rapidly changing landscape for scientific publishing models that may ultimately affect the journal income streams on which the Society depends. A second area of focus will be on recruiting and Candidate’s Statement retaining members, especially students and early This is an exciting time to be a member and career scientists, on whom the continued vitality of prospective president of ASPET. Council has the Society depends. I will look to solicit as much worked hard over the last few years, with vision information, feedback, and ideas as possible from and responsibility, to position the Society to best these young members and use it to help us increase serve our members and our discipline in the modern their participation and shape our strategies going scientific and political landscape. The Society has a forward. I feel that we also need to get more young new look and a new outlook. Thanks to a judicious people involved in Society governance and will work investment strategy, our finances are in great shape. with council and the divisions to find the best way As former secretary/treasurer of the Society, I was to do that. We also need to continue to reach out to one of many who advocated for finding more ways those many nonmembers who are in fact practicing to use our resources for the benefit of our members pharmacology and convince them how being an and the discipline of pharmacology. Council’s positive ASPET member can support them and help further response can be seen in many of their recent actions, their careers. This can be approached by, e.g.,

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 185

synergizing with related societies in sponsoring or attempt to attract new members as early as possible presenting conferences and symposia, and also by in their careers. Expansion of the undergraduate finding innovative marketing strategies. It goes without summer research fellowships and graduate student/ saying that these priorities will not be to the detriment postdoctoral travel awards might be helpful in this of other ongoing emphases at ASPET, such as political regard. At the senior level, we should continue to advocacy, education, scientific programming, and of sponsor annual meeting symposia in emerging and course our journals. even nontraditional fields to recruit new and diverse As a pharmacologist since my undergraduate scientists to our Society. Importantly, our Society days, I joined ASPET soon after I moved to the is unique in having divisions based on research United States. The society played a huge role in my interests, unlike that of many other scientific societies. career through scientific, networking, and leadership This reflects the diversity of our discipline, but opportunities. In my view, the leadership’s primary more importantly it provides a mechanism for more responsibility is to ensure that we continue to do so membership involvement and a bottom-up rather than for current and future members. It has been a privilege a top-down model of societal governance. I believe to serve ASPET in several capacities over the last the division system should be strengthened, wherever couple of decades, and if elected as president, I will possible, including the addition of new divisions serve with commitment and enthusiasm. that reflect the growing discipline of pharmacology. In addition, we should encourage and support the David R. Sibley, PhD formation of more regional chapters, not only as a Chief, Section source of new members, but to also increase the level on Molecular of membership diversity. Neuropharmacology, ASPET Finances: Our society is currently in National Institute of good financial shape with our reserves at historical Neurological Disorders highs, primarily due to the recent run up of the stock and Stroke, National market. This has enabled the “BIG IDEAS” initiative, Institutes of Health which is a great way to invest in and strengthen the Society and its membership. However, having served as secretary/treasurer of ASPET during the “great Candidate’s Statement recession,” I believe that we must remain prudent and careful with the use and investment of our funds It is a great honor to be nominated for president knowing that the market can easily reverse course of ASPET. I have been a member of ASPET for nearly and with it, our reserves. Notably, the greatest single 30 years and have been highly involved in ASPET source of current revenue for ASPET is our journals. governance at the level of its divisions, various Consequently, I believe we should invest in our committees, council, and journals. It has been a journals as much as possible, including updating their privilege to work with other Society members and web interfaces to help make them the most attractive office staff, and I am dedicated to the future success of publication vehicles for young investigators, members, ASPET and the discipline of pharmacology. If elected and nonmembers alike. president, I believe there are several key areas we ASPET Advocacy and Research Funding: ASPET should focus on in moving forward. must be the leader in advocating for increased ASPET Membership and Governance: One of the research funding in these difficult times of limited most important long-range issues facing our Society is budgets for NIH and other funding agencies. Our its membership. Membership in ASPET has remained research is the major driver of the discovery and relatively static for many years despite the fact that development of new drugs and therapeutics, and we our discipline is producing more exciting science than need to help make this even clearer to our political ever before. One problem may be the siphoning off leadership. We are also the society that is best of scientists to other, more specialized societies, but positioned to provide expertise and comment on we can counter this in different ways. One, we should

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issues related to therapeutics and their development, and chemical biology, translational medicine, and a and we need to speak out further, perhaps through resurging systems and organ biology are naturally the issuing of more public “white papers” on topics attracted to. More importantly, ASPET needs to of critical importance as they arise. ASPET needs to be seen as an “integrator” of new and evolving become the “go-to” organization that journalists and areas and technologies within our field. This can be the media come to for information on topics related to accomplished through continued excellence and drugs and therapeutics. creative programming at our scientific meeting and ASPET and the Future of Pharmacology: perhaps even enhancing the scope of our scientific These are exciting times for pharmacology! Our journals. field is exploding with new breakthroughs and In summary, I am very optimistic about the future of information at the basic, translational, and clinical ASPET and the discipline of pharmacology, and I look levels. If it is to survive as a discipline, however, forward to working with each and every one of you to pharmacology must be considered a “big tent” that achieve our goals. emerging and expanding areas such as structural

Nominees for Nominees for Secretary Councilor Treasurer-Elect

Wayne Backes, PhD Michael Holinstat, PhD Associate Dean Associate Professor, Charles France, PhD Jeffrey Paul, PhD for Research & Thomas Jefferson Professor, Senior Director, Professor, Louisiana University Departments of Therapeutic State University Pharmacology & Area Lead for Health Sciences Psychiatry, University Neuroscience, Astellas Center of Texas Health Pharmaceuticals, Science Center Global Clinical Pharmacology and Exploratory Science

Members may view the full bulletin by clicking on the vote button on www.aspet.org or by following this URL: www.aspet.org/2015_ASPET_Election. Participate in the governance of your Society by casting your vote by January 15, 2015.

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 187

BIG IDEAS Initiative – An Update

In May, ASPET announced its BIG IDEAS initiative, a unique opportunity for members to propose a project that would directly benefit ASPET’s membership. Both individual members and divisions were invited to submit a one-page proposal describing their idea. Those selected for further development by the ASPET Council were invited to create a more detailed proposal to be reviewed during the Fall Council Meeting in October. This resulted in many deserving proposals, and the very high quality of submissions speaks to the commitment and creativity of ASPET’s membership. After thorough review, the ASPET Council selected three projects to pursue. Each one addresses an educational need that will ultimately serve the broad community of ASPET members and will help set the stage for the growth of the disciplines and specifically at the ASPET annual meeting we represent. From enhancing undergraduate at Experimental Biology. Currently, the ASPET engagement in ASPET to industry internships award structure only offers travel awards for for graduate students and novel mentoring undergraduates who were part of the Summer approaches for early career scientists, these Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) projects underscore ASPET’s renewed commitment program. However, there are many pharmacologists to education at multiple levels and career stages. (who are often ASPET members) who host summer The three selected projects are: undergraduate research students in their labs outside of formal programs. This proposal provides Enhancing Undergraduate a mechanism to include these undergraduates in Engagement in ASPET at the ASPET/EB experience as a way of introducing them to the world of pharmacology by providing EB Meetings multiple travel awards for non-SURF undergraduate Submitted by Carol L. Beck (Thomas Jefferson researchers, by adding two additional poster University), Catherine M. Davis (Johns Hopkins session awards for undergraduates (non-SURF), University School of Medicine), and the Division for and by creating a networking luncheon so all Pharmacology Education undergraduates attending (SURF or other) can The goal of this BIG IDEA is to increase meet each other and be provided with career undergraduate engagement in ASPET in general, information about pharmacology. This project can

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be accomplished using existing infrastructure and a The program, which is modeled after the successful relatively small budget. The future of any discipline- Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships based organization is in involving and integrating (SURF) program, encourages academic institutions younger members into the field and the organization. with pharmacology doctoral programs to apply for Involving additional undergraduates beyond the scope IIPPS funding, which will support three doctoral of SURF awards in ASPET by providing travel and students per year in a 10-week external internship. poster awards will give a chance to introduce these The funding is intended to cover the student’s usual students to the field of pharmacology with the hope stipend. Institutional cost-sharing will be used to that they will consider graduate programs in the field cover ancillary expenses such as travel and benefits. of pharmacology. Institutions receiving ASPET funding will establish a competitive admissions process to select the interns. They will also establish relationships with industrial partners that will facilitate placement of their students. The program is intended to enhance recruitment The future of any discipline-based and retention of students, to enhance awareness organization is in involving and of and preparation for nonacademic career paths, integrating younger members into the and to strengthen connections between academic institutions and industry. field and the organization. From Senior Mentor to Highly Skilled Industry Internships for Career Coach: A Novel Approach to Pharmacology PhD Students (IIPPS) Breaking the Diversity Roadblock Submitted by Lynn Wecker (University of South Submitted by ASPET members Kathryn Meier Florida Morsani College of Medicine), the Mentoring (Washington State University), Joan Heller Brown and Career Development Committee (Susan L. (University of California at San Diego), Mike Jarvis Ingram, Chair), and the Division for Pharmacology (AbbVie, Inc.), Jim Barrett (Drexel University), Jeff Herz Education (Carol L. Beck, Chair and Robert J. (Algomedix, Inc.), and Jeff Jasper (Cytokinetics, Inc.), Theobald, Secretary-Treasurer) with advice from Glenn Prestwich (University of Utah; Efforts to diversify the scientific workforce have Echelon Biosciences, Inc.) resulted in modest improvements in gender, race, The “Industry Internships for Pharmacology PhD and ethnic diversity at the graduate student level, Students” (IIPPS) program provides a unique funding but there has been virtually no change farther up opportunity for PhD students to obtain experience career ladders. To address this gap, Dr. Rick McGee at in industrial settings, such as the pharmaceutical/ Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine biotechnology or government regulatory sectors, while enrolled in graduate school. Many trainees are interested in these careers, which are a particularly viable and exciting option for PhD graduates in the pharmacological sciences. However, it is a challenge for these students to find funding to support their industrial internships, as well as to identify sites for the internships. The goal of this new internship program is to establish a route that will enable more graduate students in pharmacology to gain the “soft skills” needed to progress into a nonacademic career.

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approach and cross-society partnership. The ASPET Academy will match mid-to late career scientists with senior level graduate students and postdoctoral A key design element will be the fellows to help guide them in their development purposeful construction of coaching and career advancement. The ASPET Academy activities will be constructed around professional groups such that no gender or race/ development objectives, with a special emphasis ethnicity is a majority. on deconstructing the skills needed to succeed scientifically, professionally, psychologically, and socially. A key design element will be the purposeful created a novel coaching model called The Academy construction of coaching groups such that no gender for Future Science Faculty, which combines annual or race/ethnicity is a majority. Graduate students, in-person meetings with virtual group meetings postdoctoral fellows, and coaches will be taught and individual coaching. The Academy is designed social science theories to enable them to develop to complement, not replace, scientific mentors at strategies for success. Year-long cohorts will begin students’ home institutions and draws from multiple during both EB 2016 and EB 2017 with in-person social science theories that address the difficulties activities and will be followed by virtual interactions of achieving diversity. The coaching model is throughout the year. now being expanded through collaborations with scientific societies, and support through the BIG IDEAS program will enable ASPET to join in this novel

We extend our congratulations to all who were involved in the development of these projects, and thank all of the ASPET members who committed their time and energy to apply to the BIG IDEAS initiative. There were a number of BIG IDEA proposals proposing new awards or suggesting funding to endow our Society Awards. After careful consideration at the Fall Council meeting, Council agreed it was time for a comprehensive review of the ASPET award portfolio. Council did approve the funding of the John J. Abel Award Endowment and also provided additional support for the Graduate Student Travel Awards. We want to note that there were some other outstanding ideas that, although not funded as proposed, will serve as inspiration for future ASPET initiatives. Several of these will be discussed in the next Council meeting, including expanded outreach to the pharmacology community and beyond.

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 190 Meeting News

Business Meeting and Opening Events

Saturday, March 28, 2015

ASPET Business Meeting and Awards Presentation 6:00 PM – 7:30 PM

ASPET Opening and Awards Reception 7:30 PM – 9:30 PM

Pharmacology Programming Schedule subject to change. Check the EB 2015 program book and mobile app for final schedule.

Saturday, March 28, 2015

Session Time

Speed Networking for Careers Beyond the Academic Bench 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: J.E. Clark and P. McGonigle 2015 Teaching Institute: Training Students for Teaching Careers 12:00 AM – 2:30 PM Chairs: K. Karpa and K. Hardy

Graduate Student-Postdoctoral Colloquium: How to Get Started 2:45 PM – 5:15 PM Chairs: A.T. Hanna-Mitchell and H. Gottlieb

■ Lectures ■ Divisional Programming

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Sunday, March 29, 2015

Session Time ASPET Presidential Symposium: Navigating the Future of Biomedical Research 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chair: A.E. Fleckenstein Bile Acids and Liver Disease in Pregnant Women and Neonates 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: L.M. Aleksunes and G.L. Guo Emerging Regenerative Therapies in Pulmonary Disease 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: Y. Liu and J. Rehman Emerging Roles of Trace Amine Associated Receptor 1 (TAAR1) in Drug Abuse and Mental Disorders 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: J. Li and G.M. Miller Ion Channel Drug Discovery – Advancements and Current Challenges 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: S.V. Kharade and M.F. Jarvis The Role of Protein-Protein and Protein-Membrane Interactions on P450 Function 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: W.L. Backes and J.P. Jones Julius Axelrod Award In Pharmacology Lecture: Arresting Developments in Receptor Signaling 2:00 PM – 2:50 PM Lecturer: J.L. Benovic Julius Axelrod Symposium: The Ins and Outs of G Protein-Coupled Receptor Signaling 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: J.L. Benovic Pharmacology Education Division Programming: Active Learning: What’s Up with That Flipping Classroom 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: J.L. Szarek Elucidating the Molecular Underpinnings of Behavior Using Pharmacological Knock-In Mouse Models 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: R.D. Blakely Interindividual Variability in CYP-Mediated Drug Metabolism 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chairs: H. Jeong and T.S. Tracy Nanotoxicology: Small Particles, Big Concern 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chairs: J.S. Fedan and D.W. Porter Vascular Stiffness, A Novel Therapeutic Approach For Hypertension 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: S.F. Vatner

■ Lectures ■ Divisional Programming

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Monday, March 30, 2015

Session Time

John J. Abel Award in Pharmacology Lecture 8:30 AM – 9:20 AM Lecturer to be decided

Membrane Transporters at the Interface of Drug Interactions, Biomarker Monitoring, and Toxicity 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: L.M. Aleksunes and Y. Lai

Monoamines and Neurotrophins in Inflammatory Bowel Disease/ Irritable Bowel Syndrome 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: H.I. Akbarali and S. Szabo

New Therapies for an Old Problem: The NINDS-Sponsored Anticonvulsant Screening Program 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: J.H. Kehne and K.S. Wilcox

Pharmacology of Neuronal Regeneration and Repair 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: J.S. Marchant and B. Grill Protein Trafficking and Drug Development 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chair: P.M. Conn Psychomotor Stimulant Addiction: Lessons from Methamphetamine 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: R.I. Desai and M.A. Nader Drug Metabolism Early Career Achievement Award Lecture 2:00 PM – 2:50 PM Lecturer to be decided

Drug Discovery and Development Division Symposium: Drug Development in Academic Centers 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chairs: R.J. Leadley and R.W. Caldwell

New Roles of Mitochondria in Vascular Function 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chairs: D.W. Busija and P. Katakam

ASPET Journal Symposium: Reproducibility in the Pharmacological Sciences: Moving the Discussion Forward 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: D.R. Abernethy

Drug Metabolism Division James Gillette Award and Platform Session 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM

■ Lectures ■ Divisional Programming

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 193

Tuesday, March 31, 2015

Session Time

Reynold Spector Award in Clinical Pharmacology Award Lecture 8:30 AM – 9:20 AM Lecturer to be decided

“Can We Talk?” Strategies for Collaborative Pharmacology Education 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM A.L. Gorman, J.S. Reuben and J.L. Szarek Biased GPCR Signaling in Drug Development: From Theory to Physiology 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: S. Rajagopal and A. Christopoulos Cardiac Fibroblasts: Fair-Weather Friends in Myocardial Fibrosis and Repair 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: P.A. Insel and U. Meade New Technologies to Measure Mitochondrial Changes 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: C.C. Beeson and B.S. Cummings Novel Therapeutic Targets and Preclinical Models of Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: C.K. Jones and M. Nedelcovych

Systems Pharmacology: Enhancing Translational Research by Network and Pharmacodynamic Modeling 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: D.E. Mager and D.R. Abernethy

The Human Microbiome: Systems Pharmacology Insights and the Potential for New Drug Discovery 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: R. Corriden and C. LaRock

Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division Trainee Showcase 2:30 PM – 4:30 PM

Behavioral Pharmacology Division Symposium: Sigma Receptors In Health and Disease 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: H. Khoshbouei Presynaptic Autoreceptors and Improved Treatments of Major Psychiatric Disorders 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: S.Z. Langer Structural and Dynamic Basis of Receptor-Ligand Interactions 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chairs: E. Ortlund and S.F. Traynelis Toxicology Division Symposium: Pharmacogenetics and Drug Toxicity 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: G.O. Rankin Integrative Systems, Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Division: 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Young Investigator Awards Platform Session Benedict R. Lucchesi Distinguished Lectureship in Cardiac Pharmacology: Regenerative Therapy for the Failing Heart 4:30 PM – 5:30 PM Lecturer: A. Terzic

■ Lectures ■ Divisional Programming

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 194

Wednesday, April 1, 2015

Session Time Norman Weiner Lecture: Structural Basis for Function and Pharmacology of Voltage-Gated Sodium and Calcium Channels 8:30 AM – 9:20 AM Lecturer: W.A. Catterall Structural Basis for Ion Channel Pharmacology 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chair: W.A. Catterall Common Pathways and Mechanisms of Chronic Pain and Opioid Addiction 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chair: S.L. Ingram Crossing the Line: Exploring the Borders between Physiological Redox Signaling and Oxidative Stress 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: T. Michel and M. Haigis

Moving Beyond Traditional Stimulants: Emerging Characteristics and Therapeutic Applications of Atypical Reuptake Inhibitors 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: L.P. Carter and B.E. Blough

Natural Products: Bioactive Molecules from Nature 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: B.T. Green and B.E. Blough Transporter-Mediated Drug Interactions: Clinical Significance and Predictions 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: M.J. Zamek-Gliszczynski and C. Lee ■ Lectures ■ Divisional Programming

ASPET Booth #1154 Visit the ASPET booth in the Experimental Biology exhibit hall! Items for sale at “Shop ASPET” include t-shirts, hats, plush donkeys, and much more. Plus, pick up some free giveaways!

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 195

All Division Meetings and Activities Schedule subject to change. Check the EB 2015 program book and mobile app for final schedule.

Friday, March 27, 2015

Division Meeting / Event Time

ASPET Council of Division Chairs (By invitation only) 1:00 PM – 5:00 PM

Sunday, March 29, 2015

Division Meeting / Event Time

Division for Pharmacology Education 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM Executive Committee Meeting (By invitation only) Division for Cardiovascular Pharmacology 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM Executive Committee Meeting (By invitation only) Division for Drug Metabolism 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM Executive Committee Meeting (By invitation only) Division for Drug Discovery and Development 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM Executive Committee Meeting (By invitation only) Pharmacology Education Division Programming: Active Learning: What’s Up with That Flipping Classroom 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: J.L. Szarek

Monday, March 30, 2015

Division Meeting / Event Time

Division for Behavioral Pharmacology 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM Executive Committee Meeting (By invitation only) Division for Neuropharmacology 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM Executive Committee Meeting (By invitation only) Division for Integrative Systems, Translational and Clinical Pharmacology 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM Executive Committee Meeting (By invitation only) Division for Molecular Pharmacology 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM Executive Committee Meeting (By invitation only) Division for Toxicology 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM Executive Committee Meeting (By invitation only)

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 196

Drug Discovery and Development Division Symposium: Drug Development in Academic Centers 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chairs: R.J. Leadley and R.W. Caldwell Drug Metabolism Division James Gillette Award and Platform Session 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM

Molecular Pharmacology Division Postdoctoral Award Finalists 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Keynote: J.L Benovic Neuropharmacology Division Postdoctoral Scientist Award Finalists 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Keynote: B. Kieffer Division for Neuropharmacology Annual Division Meeting 5:30 PM – 6:30 PM (Open to all division members) Division for Drug Discovery and Development 5:30 PM – 6:30 PM Annual Division Meeting (Open to all division members) Division for Molecular Pharmacology 5:30 PM – 6:30 PM Annual Division Meeting (Open to all division members) Division for Drug Metabolism 5:30 PM – 6:30 PM Annual Division Meeting (Open to all division members) Division for Pharmacology Education 5:30 PM – 6:30 PM Annual Division Meeting (Open to all division members)

Divisions for Behavioral Pharmacology and Neuropharmacology Joint Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Divisions for Drug Discovery and Development; Integrative Systems, Translational 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM and Clinical Pharmacology; and Pharmacology Education Joint Mixer

Division for Molecular Pharmacology Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Tuesday, March 31, 2015

Division Meeting / Event Time

ASPET Cancer Division Discussion (By invitation only) 12:00 PM – 1:30 PM

Division for Integrative Systems, Translational and Clinical Pharmacology: 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM Meet the Experts Lunch: Benchside-to-Bedside Research Division Communications Officer’s Meeting 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM (By invitation only)

Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division Trainee Showcase 2:30 PM – 4:30 PM Behavioral Pharmacology Division Symposium: Sigma Receptors In Health and Disease 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: H. Khoshbouei

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 197

Toxicology Division Symposium: Pharmacogenetics and Drug Toxicity 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: G.O. Rankin Integrative Systems, Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Division: Young 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Investigator Awards Platform Session Division for Cardiovascular Pharmacology 5:30 PM – 6:30 PM Annual Division Meeting (Open to all division members) Division for Integrative Systems, Translational and Clinical Pharmacology 5:30 PM – 6:30 PM Annual Division Meeting (Open to all division members) Division for Toxicology Annual Division Meeting 5:30 PM – 6:30 PM (Open to all division members) Division for Behavioral Pharmacology 5:30 PM – 6:30 PM Annual Division Meeting (Open to all division members)

Division for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Divisions for Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Joint Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Activities of Interest for Students and Postdocs Schedule subject to change. Check the EB 2015 program book and mobile app for final schedule.

Friday, March 27, 2015

Session / Event Time

Give a Day of Service to Boston at EB 2015 – Cradles to Crayons 9:00 AM – 4:00 PM

Saturday, March 28, 2015

Session / Event Time

Graduate Student-Postdoctoral Colloquium: How to Get Started 2:45 PM – 5:15 PM Chairs: A.T. Hanna-Mitchell and H. Gottlieb

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 198

Sunday, March 29, 2015

Session / Event Time

ASPET Diversity Mentoring Breakfast 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM (By invitation only) Pharmacology Education Division Programming: Active Learning: What’s Up with That Flipping Classroom 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Chair: J.L. Szarek ASPET Student/Postdoc Best Abstract Competition 6:30 PM – 8:30 PM

ASPET Student & Postdoc Mixer 8:30 PM – 11:00 PM

Monday, March 30, 2015

Session / Event Time

Drug Metabolism Division James Gillette Award and Platform Session 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM

Divisions for Behavioral Pharmacology and Neuropharmacology Joint Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Divisions for Drug Discovery and Development; Integrative Systems, Translational 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM and Clinical Pharmacology; and Pharmacology Education Joint Mixer

Division for Molecular Pharmacology Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Young Experimental Scientists Y.E.S. Mixer 9:00 PM – 11:30 PM

Don’t forget to attend your Division’s Annual Meeting!

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 199

Tuesday, March 31, 2015

Session / Event Time ASPET Networking Walk 7:00 AM – 9:00 AM Weather permitting “Can We Talk?” Strategies for Collaborative Pharmacology Education 9:30 AM – 12:00 PM Chairs: A. Laurel Gorman, Jayne S. Reuben, and John L. Szarek

Cardiovascular Pharmacology Division Trainee Showcase 2:30 PM – 4:30 PM

Integrative Systems, Translational and Clinical Pharmacology Division: 3:00 PM – 5:30 PM Young Investigator Awards Platform Session

Division for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Divisions for Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Joint Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Social Events Schedule subject to change. Check the EB 2015 program book and mobile app for final schedule.

Friday, March 27, 2015

Event Time

Give a Day of Service to Boston at EB 2015 – Cradles to Crayons 9:00 AM – 4:00 PM

Saturday, March 28, 2015

Event Time

ASPET Opening and Awards Reception 7:30 PM – 9:30 PM

Sunday, March 29, 2015

Event Time

ASPET Diversity Mentoring Breakfast 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM (By invitation only)

ASPET Student/Postdoc Best Abstract Competition 6:30 PM – 8:30 PM

Board of Publications Trustees Joint Editorial Boards 7:30 PM – 11:00 PM Dinner (By invitation only)

ASPET Student & Postdoc Mixer 8:30 PM – 11:00 PM

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 200

Monday, March 30, 2015

Event Time

ASPET Past Presidents’ Dinner 6:00 PM – 9:00 PM (By invitation only)

Divisions for Behavioral Pharmacology and Neuropharmacology Joint Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Divisions for Drug Discovery and Development; Integrative Systems, Translational 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM and Clinical Pharmacology; and Pharmacology Education Joint Mixer

Division for Molecular Pharmacology Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Young Experimental Scientists Y.E.S. Mixer 9:00 PM – 11:30 PM

Tuesday, March 31, 2015

Event Time

ASPET Networking Walk 7:00 AM – 9:00 AM Weather permitting

Division for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

Divisions for Drug Metabolism and Toxicology Joint Mixer 6:30 PM – 8:00 PM

ASPET Meetings Schedule subject to change. Check the EB 2015 program book and mobile app for final schedule.

Friday, March 27, 2015

ASPET Meeting Time

ASPET Council Meeting (By invitation only) 12:00 PM – 6:00 PM

ASPET Council of Division Chairs (By invitation only) 1:00 PM – 5:00 PM

Saturday, March 28, 2015

ASPET Meeting Time

ASPET Business Meeting and Awards Presentation 6:00 PM – 7:30 PM

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 201

Sunday, March 29, 2015

ASPET Meeting Time

JPET Associate Editors Meeting 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM (By invitation only) ASPET Board of Publications Trustees Meeting 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM (By invitation only)

Monday, March 30, 2015

ASPET Meeting Time

Molecular Pharmacology Editorial Board Meeting 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM (By invitation only) ASPET/BPS Pharmacology Research & Perspectives 11:00 AM – 12:00 PM Editorial Board Meeting (By invitation only) Pharmacological Reviews Editorial Board Meeting 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM (By invitation only) Mentoring and Career Development Committee Meeting 12:30 PM – 2:30 PM (By invitation only) ASPET/BPS Pharmacology Research & Perspectives 3:00 PM – 5:00 PM Management Committee Meeting (By invitation only)

Save 33% – Registration discounts end February 2! Register today at www.experimentalbiology.org Why Attend the ASPET Annual Meeting? • Learn about the latest developments in your field to push your research forward. • Not only will you gain scientific information but also you will be in contact with others from your scientific community who can advise you on research issues and career concerns.

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 202

Tuesday, March 31, 2015

ASPET Meeting Time

Drug Metabolism and Disposition Editorial Board Meeting 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM (By invitation only) ASPET Nominating Committee Meeting 7:30 AM – 9:30 AM (By invitation only) ASPET Science Policy Committee Meeting 3:00 PM – 5:00 PM (By invitation only) ASPET Program Committee Meeting 7:30 PM – 10:30 PM (By invitation only)

Ancillary Functions at EB 2015

AMSPC Reception Sunday, March 29

Catecholamine Club Dinner Tuesday, March 31

Michigan State University Pharmacology and Toxicology Reception Sunday, March 29

PhRMA Foundation Reception Monday, March 30

University of Michigan Department of Pharmacology Social Hour Saturday, March 28

ASPET Guest Societies Participating at EB 2015

Behavioral Pharmacology Society (BPS) Friday, March 27 – Saturday, March 28

Global GI Club Sunday, March 29

Follow ASPET’s Official Meeting Bloggers KatieSci: sicknessisfascinating.blogspot.com Elizabeth Sandquist: everydaybiochemistry.wordpress.com Don’t forget to also follow ASPET’s tweets and Facebook posts. Use #expbio and #ASPET.

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 203

ASPET Hires New Scientific

Meetings Manager Experimental Biology

ASPET welcomed Melissa Huston to the staff on September 15. As the Scientific Meetings Manager, she is responsible for programming and logistic details for the ASPET Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology. She looks forward to meeting everyone in Boston, March 28–April 1! Additionally she manages the process for the ASPET Scientific Achievement Awards, working closely with the awards committees and nominators. As a graduate of Georgetown University, Melissa comes to ASPET after a 20-year career in meeting planning for medical and scientific societies including the American Society for Bone and Mineral Research and the American Society of Hematology.

Important Dates Wednesday | January 21, 2015 March 28–April 1, 2015 Deadline to Submit Late Breaking EB 2015 in Boston Abstracts Saturday | March 28 Monday | February 2, 2015 6:00-7:30 PM EST ASPET Annual Business Deadline for Discounted Registration Meeting Monday | February 23, 2015 Discounted Housing Deadline

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 204

The Pharmacologist • December 2014

How Bostonian Are You?

In preparation for our upcoming meeting, take this quiz to learn more about Boston – a bustling New England city that proudly exhibits its rich history along with being home to some of the world’s best universities and cultural attractions. Are you a fan of the Red Sox, love to eat fish and chips, and enjoy celebrating a traditional Thanksgiving every year? Then you may be a Bostonian at heart.

1. Which significant historic event began 6. What should you know about the weather in Boston? in Boston when you plan to travel there? a) American Revolution a) New England weather tends to be dry and b) Boston Tea Party moderate with comfortable temperatures c) War of 1812 b) New England weather is extremely changeable on a daily basis and prone to 2. What is unique about the geographical precipitation layout of the city of Boston? c) New England weather tends to be a) Boston is a charming island surrounded by extremely tropical all year round the Atlantic Ocean b) Boston is bordered by three rivers 7. What is the best way to access every c) Boston is a peninsula in the middle of option of public transport, excluding taxis, three rivers and the Atlantic Ocean and when you arrive in Boston by air? connected to mainland America by an a) Mass Shuttle Bus isthmus. b) Logan Airport Loop Train c) MTBA Light Rail 3. Which river bordering Boston separates it from the city of Cambridge? 8. What is your best option for a fast trip to a) Mystic River Boston proper that gets you close to the b) Neponset River area hotels? c) Charles River a) MBTA Harbor Express b) City Water Taxi 4. What part of Boston will a typical visitor c) Both of the above pass through many times on a tour of this historic city? 9. What is one of many nicknames given a) Freedom Trail to Boston that reveals a lot about its b) Boston Common character? c) Chinatown a) The Windy City b) The Walking City 5. What is the name of the oldest c) The Green City commissioned warship in the world still sailing in the Boston harbor? 10. What are Boston’s most popular tourist a) USS Boston attractions? b) USS Constitution a) The Freedom Trail c) USS George Washington b) Faneuil Hall Marketplace c) Cambridge d) All of the above See answer key on page 206

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 206 VISIT THE ASPET CAREER CENTER TODAY! How Bostonian Are You? WWW.ASPET.ORG/CAREERCENTER/

Answer key: 7. a) The best option is to use the free Massport 1. a) The American Revolution was triggered by the shuttle bus service that runs between all airport protest known as the Boston Tea Party. The British terminals at the arrival levels, the airport subway parliament tried to recover the cost of destroyed station on the MBTA Blue Line, and the Water tea by shutting down Boston commerce until it Transportation Terminal dock. was repaid, which caused a rebellion among the 8. c) The MBTA Harbor Express offers a fast trip from colonists leading to a full revolution. Logan Airport to the waterfront and is a good 2. b) Boston is almost entirely surrounded by water choice if you are staying near the convention and joined to mainland Massachusetts by the center and the financial district. The City Water isthmus of Roxbury Neck. Taxi is also a viable option from the Logan Airport. 3. c) The Mystic River borders Boston to the north, 9. b) Boston is often referred to as the Walking City and the Neponset River borders it to the south. because walking is really the best way to get Boston is bordered by the Charles River to the around its cobblestoned streets, and most of its west, which separates it from the neighboring attractions are close to each other. city of Cambridge. 10. d) The most popular things to do while in Boston 4. d) Boston Common is where Boston begins for is to follow the 2.5-mile redbrick Freedom Trail visitors, who will pass through the 50-acre park from Boston Common to Bunker Hill. In the heart many times during their stay. The Park Street of downtown Boston and along the Freedom Station, the hub of the subway system, and Trail is the famous Faneuil Hall Marketplace that the beginning of the Freedom Trail are both dates back to 1742. Cambridge, home to two of located here. the nation’s most prestigious schools – Harvard WHAT YOU NEED: ASPET’S CAREER CENTER HAS IT 5. b) The USS Constitution was launched in 1797 for University and the Massachusetts Institute of use in a battle with the British 600 miles off the Technology (MIT) – has stunning architecture and coast of Boston and is nicknamed Old Ironsides. an incredible variety of restaurants and shopping. Jobseekers: Employers: 6. b) Boston’s weather is extremely unpredictable   with four distinct seasons and susceptible No registration fee Searchable résumé database to precipitation.  Advanced search options  Hassle-free posting; online account management tools  Sign up for automatic email notifi cations of new jobs that  Reach ASPET’s Twitter followers (over 650) and match your criteria LinkedIn Members (over 1,500)  Free & confi dential résumé posting  Post to just ASPET or to entire NHCN network  Access to jobs posted on the National Healthcare Career  Sign up for automatic email notifications of new Network (NHCN) resumes that match your criteria  Career management resources including career tips,  Job activity tracking coaching, résumé writing, online profi le development, and much more

ASPET is committed to your success: The ASPET Career Center is the best resource for matching job seekers and employers in the pharmacology and related health science ﬁ elds. Our vast range of resources and tools will help you look for jobs, ﬁ nd great employees, and proactively manage 9650 Rockville Pike, Bethesda, MD 20814-3995 your career goals. Main Office: 301.634.7060 www.aspet.org

The Pharmacologist • December 2014

ASPET Career Center Full Page Ad 2014.indd 1 12/10/2014 12:39:33 PM 207 VISIT THE ASPET CAREER CENTER TODAY! WWW.ASPET.ORG/CAREERCENTER/

WHAT YOU NEED: ASPET’S CAREER CENTER HAS IT Jobseekers: Employers:  No registration fee  Searchable résumé database  Advanced search options  Hassle-free posting; online account management tools  Sign up for automatic email notifi cations of new jobs that  Reach ASPET’s Twitter followers (over 650) and match your criteria LinkedIn Members (over 1,500)  Free & confi dential résumé posting  Post to just ASPET or to entire NHCN network  Access to jobs posted on the National Healthcare Career  Sign up for automatic email notifications of new Network (NHCN) resumes that match your criteria  Career management resources including career tips,  Job activity tracking coaching, résumé writing, online profi le development, and much more

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist

ASPET Career Center Full Page Ad 2014.indd 1 12/10/2014 12:39:33 PM 208 The Great Dogsled Relay: The Race against Diphtheria

Rebecca J. Anderson

Nome, Alaska. January 20, 1925. While Curtis Welch was making his rounds at Maynard Columbus Hospital, he realized that he had a serious problem on his hands (1). Nine days earlier, he had admitted 6-year-old Billy Barnett, who had a sore throat, swollen glands, and a fever. Welch treated Billy for tonsillitis, a common ailment in children, but then a thick grayish film began to form in Billy’s throat and nasal cavity – a troubling complication. The preceding October, Dr. Welch had treated a 2-year-old Eskimo boy for tonsillitis, but by the next morning the boy had died (2). When 7-year- old Margaret Eide came down with a severe sore throat and slight fever on

Carrie M. McLain Memorial Museum, Nome, Alaska Memorial Museum, Nome, Carrie M. McLain Christmas Eve, Welch again suspected tonsillitis, but like the little Eskimo boy, Margaret’s condition deteriorated and she died 4 days later. As the winter progressed, Dr. Welch, who had been practicing medicine in Alaska for 18 years, noted an unusually high incidence of tonsillitis and inflamed throats among children in the community. The unexpected deaths and, especially, Billy’s symptoms, pointed to Dr. Curtis Welch with two of something much more serious than tonsillitis: diphtheria. his nurses.

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 209

Diphtheria is caused by an aerobic gram-positive Initial Steps bacillus, Corynebacerium diphtheriae. In the early Dr. Welch had received a limited supply of stages, the patient’s sore throat and low-grade fever diphtheria antitoxin in 1919, but it was now 5 years can be easily confused with tonsillitis or a bad cold. beyond its expiration date. He felt unjustified in using The unambiguous sign of diphtheria is formation of a it on Billy because he “had no idea what effect it thick grayish-white membranous film over the tonsils, might have” (2). Instead, he employed old-fashioned pharynx, or larynx, accompanied by inflammation remedies that doctors had used to treat diphtheria and swelling of the neck called a “bull-neck” (3, 4). before development of the antitoxin: stimulants to Diphtheria toxin (produced by the diseased membrane) strengthen Billy’s heart and swabbing his throat circulates systemically, causing damage to the heart, with an astringent, ferric chloride, to break up the kidneys, and nervous system. As the membrane lesions. It worked for a while. The grayish membranes spreads and the throat swells, the airway becomes sloughed off, color returned to Billy’s cheeks, and he obstructed, leading to death by suffocation (3, 5). slept more comfortably. By the afternoon of January C. diphtheriae is highly contagious, spread by 20, though, Billy’s condition worsened. Each time he respiratory droplets through the air and direct contact tried to draw air into his lungs, he coughed up blood. with contaminated surfaces (3). With a 2–5 day At 4:00 PM, Billy was turning blue from lack of oxygen incubation period, many people unwittingly can infect and his breathing was labored. There was nothing others before they show any symptoms (5). In the else Welch could do; at this point even fresh serum United States in the 1920s, more than 100,000 cases could not save him. Billy died at 6:00 PM (1, 2). were reported each year, and it was a leading cause The next morning, Welch made a house call to of death in young children, in whom the death rate see 7-year-old Bessie Stanley in the nearby Eskimo was about 20 percent (5). village. She was heaving for air, and a massive The native Alaskan population had less natural membrane inside her mouth bled profusely at the immunity and was particularly vulnerable to infectious touch. Whatever doubts Welch might have had about diseases. Only 6 years earlier, the great influenza the previous cases, Bessie’s symptoms conclusively pandemic of 1919 had killed half of Nome’s native pointed to diphtheria (2). residents (1). A diphtheria outbreak was cause for Dr. Welch gave Bessie 6,000 units of the old grave concern. serum because without it, she surely would die. Diphtheria antitoxin, which had been introduced in Unfortunately, her infection was too advanced, and the United States in 1891, was the standard treatment. she died within 48 hours. Bessie’s parents and two Horses were inoculated sisters had also developed membranes in their with the C. diphtheriae throats, and Welch treated them aggressively with the toxin, stimulating production old serum. Their throats cleared. Equally impressive, of specific antibodies, Welch noted that Bessie and her family experienced or antitoxin. The horses’ no untoward effects from the injections, raising blood was then harvested his confidence that the antiquated serum had not and processed to produce degraded (2). the antibody-containing Immediately after Billy’s and Bessie’s deaths, serum (4, 6). Antitoxin will Welch notified Nome’s mayor, George Maynard. not neutralize toxin that is Welch expected new diphtheria cases within 24 already fixed to tissues, but hours, but he had only 80,000 units of serum – it will neutralize circulating enough for about 6 patients. He had placed an (unbound) toxin and prevent order for new supplies the previous autumn, but the progression of the disease shipment had not arrived before Nome’s seaport (5). Patients, therefore, closed on November 1. No other ships would arrive Sourced from the Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons needed to be treated as soon until the spring thaw. To fight the impending epidemic A vintage 1895 vial of the as possible after a suspected properly, he told Maynard that he needed 1 million diphtheria antitoxin made diphtheria infection. from horse’s blood. units of fresh antitoxin as soon as possible.

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 210

Dr. Welch telegraphed every major town and she discovered patients showing membranes, she official in Alaska and made an urgent request for posted a red and black sign, quarantining everyone serum. As the territory’s assistant commissioner of in the household. She treated the most severe cases health, he also telegraphed the US Public Health in the native villages, often working alone, and always Service in Washington, DC, which regulated carrying her medical bag with its precious tubes of production of antitoxins. the old antitoxin. Late on Saturday evening, January 24, the fourth Welch and Morgan knew that at day of the crisis, Welch and Morgan summarized the situation for the Board of Health: The death toll stood the current infection rate, their stock at 4, there were about 20 confirmed cases, and at of serum would not last through the least 50 other people were at risk. Welch and Morgan week, and without a new supply, many knew that at the current infection rate, their stock of serum would not last through the week, and without a would die. new supply, many would die. Welch had still received no word of any available serum from Fairbanks, Anchorage, Juneau, or In Nome, Welch recommended that the town Washington, DC. The Board of Health could not do officials create a temporary Board of Health to deal anything more to locate fresh serum, but they could with the crisis. The principal board members were Dr. help solve another problem: how to get the serum Welch, Mayor Maynard, and Mark Summers. Summers to Nome once it was located. Mark Summers, the was superintendent of Hammon Consolidated superintendent of Hammon Consolidated, proposed Gold Fields, a conglomerate mining company that an express delivery by dogsled. dominated Nome’s economy. To control the spread of During the winter months when the frozen Bering infection, the new Board of Health immediately shut Sea made shipping impossible, Nome depended down every public building in Nome, banned all public exclusively on dogsled teams for freight and mail gatherings, and discouraged travel along the region’s deliveries. The dogsled trails connected Nome to the trails (1, 2). major settlements on Alaska’s southern coast and to the east. A series of trading and military posts, Doing More with Less roadhouses, and postal stations dotted the trails to Curtis Welch was the only doctor for hundreds of service the sled teams, telegraph offices, and mail miles, but he was fortunate to have a skilled nursing deliveries to settlers and miners. staff. Among them, Emily Morgan was the most Summers proposed using two fast dogsled teams, efficient and outstanding. She had served in the Army one starting from the railhead at Nenana (near Reserve Nurses Corps for three years on the Western Fairbanks) headed west with the serum, and the other Front. After World War I, she returned from France departing from Nome headed east. They would meet to Wichita, KS, and worked as the city’s first public halfway on the trail at Nulato for the hand-off, and the health nurse. While in Wichita, she had contracted second team would return to Nome with the serum. diphtheria and spent three weeks recovering in bed. Normally, it took about 25 days for mail teams to travel In 1923, she inquired about missionary work, and the the 674 miles between Nenana and Nome. Summers’s American Red Cross sent her to Nome to care for the plan could shave precious days off of that time. native community as a public health nurse. Because To handle the western, roundtrip portion of this Nurse Morgan had firsthand knowledge of diphtheria ambitious plan, Summers’s obvious choice was and her body had developed immunity, Welch and the Leonhard Seppala, a sled driver who often ferried Board of Health appointed her quarantine nurse (1, 7). Hammon Consolidated employees across Alaska. The While Dr. Welch supervised medical care at the scrappy Norwegian outdoorsman was undoubtedly hospital, Nurse Morgan made house calls looking the fastest and strongest musher in Alaska. He and for people with diphtheria symptoms and reported his lead dog, Togo, who was as famous as Seppala, suspicious cases to the Board of Health (2, 7). When knew the trails and had shattered a number of long-

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distance records for speed and endurance. Seppala instructing the drivers to warm the container for 15 at 47 and Togo at 12 were both older than the typical minutes at each stop along the trail. sled team, but Seppala was a rare natural athlete Dr. Beeson carried the 20-pound package of of unusual strength and endurance, and Togo was serum to the railway station in Anchorage where the surprisingly fast, strong, and alert. After the Board of train’s conductor, Frank Knight, was waiting. Beeson Health meeting on that Saturday evening, Summers then notified Gov. Bone that the serum was on its alerted Seppala, and he began preparations for the way and would arrive in Nenana the following night, run of his life. Tuesday, January 27. Nenana, the last stop before Fairbanks, had become a major hub connecting the The Rescue Begins rail line to dogsled trails for distribution of goods and Meanwhile, as word spread about Welch’s plea passengers to Alaska’s interior. for serum, people responded throughout the United While the train chugged northward with the serum, States, as well as at the Public Health Service territorial Gov. Bone considered his choices for the remaining outposts in Alaska. On Monday, January 26, John transport to Nome: traditional dogsleds versus a risky Beeson, chief surgeon of the Anchorage Railroad but faster airplane delivery. In Fairbanks, the terminus Hospital, notified territorial Gov. Scott Bone that he had of the rail line, a small group of enthusiastic pilots located 300,000 units of antitoxin. The decision about were anxious to do their bit. But this was two years how to get the serum to Nome rested with Bone, and before Charles Lindbergh’s historic flight across the the first leg of the journey was obvious: Bone directed Atlantic, and the pilots’ enthusiasm far surpassed Dr. Beeson to prepare the serum at once and send it the capabilities of their aircraft. Alaska was in the north to Nenana by train. That railroad line had been midst of its worst winter in 20 years. Temperatures completed just two years earlier. fell to -70 degrees, and their airplane engines had Beeson dutifully packed up the amber-colored no antifreeze. Snowstorms brought shattering gusts glass vials of serum. As a territorial doctor, he knew that reached 75 mph. No pilot was hearty enough to firsthand the unbearable cold and jolting of dogsled survive in the open cockpits under those conditions, trips. To protect the vials, he padded the inside of the even if they could fly through uncharted mountains container and then wrapped it with a heavy quilt. He during the winter, with only 4 hours of daylight. And, placed the container in a wooden crate, covering it Nome had no landing strip. with thick brown cloth and pinned a note to the cloth by Gay Salisbury and Laney Salisbury, W.W. Norton & Co. W.W. Salisbury, from, The Cruelest Miles by Gay Salisbury and Laney Republished

Map of the 1925 diphtheria serum dogsled relay route from Nenana to Nome.

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Late on the afternoon of January 26, as the train behind. It worked for a while, but he slowly developed traveled the 300 miles north to Nenana, Gov. Bone hypothermia. When Shannon reached the roadhouse made his decision. The serum would be delivered at Minto at 3:00 AM, the temperature was -62 degrees, to Nome on dogsleds. But instead of sending one and parts of his face had turned black from frostbite. team to meet Leonhard Seppala midway on the trail, Shannon spent 4 hours in Minto recuperating and as Mark Summers had proposed, Bone thought the resting his dogs. As Dr. Beeson had instructed, he took serum would move faster if a series of fresh drivers the serum package inside, unwrapped the layer of fur traveled shorter distances and handed off the package and canvas, and dangled the container from the rafters in a relay. Bone contacted officials in Nenana and told to absorb the warmth of the stove. Three of his dogs them to engage relay dog teams to carry the antitoxin were too weak to continue and Shannon left them in westward. The teams were to travel night and day Minto. At 7:00 AM on Wednesday morning, he hitched with no rest, no matter how bad the conditions, until his remaining 6 dogs and headed for Tolovana, 22 they met up with Seppala at the halfway mark. The miles away. territorial government would bear the expense. When That same morning in Nome, Mark Summers the call went out, men all along the trail responded, telephoned Leonhard Seppala and told his Hammon reported to their posts, and stood by for their leg of Consolidated employee that it was time to begin his the relay. trek eastward. Seppala had the longest assignment: 315 miles to Nulato and 315 miles back to Nome over The teams were to travel night and some of the most difficult terrain of the entire route. At midmorning, Togo led Seppala and a team of 20 dogs day with no rest, no matter how bad down Nome’s Front Street and out onto the beach trail. the conditions, until they met up with Nome residents were accustomed to seeing dogsled Seppala at the halfway mark. The teams, but this was a rare sight. Their lives depended territorial government would bear on Seppala successfully completing his journey. At 11:00 AM Wednesday morning, Shannon arrived the expense. in Tolovana. His face was still creased and black from frostbite, and his dogs were exhausted. After allowing the serum to warm up in the roadhouse, At 9:00 PM on Tuesday, January 27, Conductor Edgar Kallands began the next leg of the relay. Five Knight jumped from the moving train onto the platform hours later, he arrived in Manley Hot Springs. The at Nenana and handed the serum package to “Wild temperature was -56 degrees and the roadhouse Bill” Shannon. Shannon, a mail driver with the fastest owner had to pour boiling water on the sled’s dog team in eastern Alaska, was charged with carrying birchwood handlebar to pry loose Kallands’s gloves the serum on the first leg of the relay. That 52-mile and frozen hands. stretch from Nenana to Tolovana normally took 2 Over the next 2 days, the names of Dan Green, days, but Shannon was told to cover the route without Johnny Folger, Sam Joseph, Titus Nickolai, Dave stopping. Corning, Harry Pitka, Bill McCarty, and the brothers Dogsledders followed the “Rule of 40s,” an Edgar and George Nollner crackled across the 80-degree window of optimal sledding temperatures. telegraph wires. Their progress generated newspaper Above 40 degrees, a husky can overheat and suffer headlines in the lower 48 states, and anxious listeners dehydration. Temperatures below -40 degrees are monitored radio news flashes as the sledders too hazardous for both the driver and the dogs. When navigated the relay trail, which meandered westward Shannon released the sled’s brake and set out, it was along the Tanana and Yukon rivers. -50 degrees. Through the night, the temperature continued to A Greater Urgency drop. After 4–5 hours Shannon’s face grew numb In Nome, Dr. Welch, Nurse Morgan, and Mayor and one big toe had frozen. He found it harder and Maynard were also intently monitoring the sled harder to keep warm. To generate heat, he jogged teams’ progress. Six days after Billy Barnett died, his in front of the lead dog, with the dog team following 5-year-old sister, Katherine, developed symptoms.

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She received 15,000 units of the old antitoxin over Charlie Evans waited nearly an hour before starting his several days, and the membrane in her throat slowly leg of the relay, worried that the deepening cold would disappeared (2). The Stanley family’s neighbor, freeze the precious medicine. At 4:30 AM, Evans finally Minnie Englestad, also became ill and received 2,000 set off under the green and white lights of the aurora units. Between Wednesday evening and Thursday borealis. The temperature was -62 degrees. After only morning, two more children in Nome came down 10 miles, the dogsled team encountered a thick layer with diphtheria. Several others were complaining of of ice fog that rose to Evans’s waist and swallowed the sore throats. Welch’s 6-year-old antitoxin dwindled to dogs and sled. Unable to see the trail, Evans put his 21,000 units, and he began to prioritize who would get trust in his dogs. the medicine (1). They navigated well on their own, but after 20 Monitoring these events at the territorial miles, his two lead dogs began tiring. Evans had not headquarters, Gov. Bone worried about an protected the dogs’ groins with rabbit-fur pelts, and uncontrolled epidemic that might spread diphtheria their legs were burned raw by the cold where the throughout Alaska. Beeson’s 300,000 units of new harnesses chafed their fur and skin. The two lead dogs serum had reached Ruby, but it was still 400 miles had severe frostbite, and both were crippled. Evans from Nome. Bone needed to get it there faster. He put them into the basket of the sled and strapped the asked Mark Summers, Seppala’s boss, to deploy sled harness over his shoulder. For the last 10 miles, he led teams along the western half of the route to relieve the remaining dogs and together they pulled the sled Seppala. Although Seppala and his team were the to Nulato. best in Alaska, a series of fresh teams could cover the Evans reached Nulato at 10:00 AM on January 30. distance faster. He carried the lead dogs into the cabin and slumped Summers dispatched Ed Rohn to Port Safety, 21 by the stove. Both dogs were dead. The serum had miles east of Nome, and Gunnar Kaasen, another now been on the trail for 3 days and had traveled 356 Hammon dog driver, to the mining village of Bluff, miles from the railhead. After a half hour in Nulato, the about 30 miles east of Port Safety. When Kaasen serum was again on the trail. Tommy Patsy, a driver reached Bluff, he told the roadhouse keeper, Charles named Jackscrew, and Victor Anagick took turns Olson, to hitch up his rig and drive 25 miles further carrying the package from the banks of the Yukon east to the trading post at Golovin and wait there for River, over the 4,000-foot Nulato Mountains, to the the serum. trading store in Unalakleet on the Bering Sea coast. To reach further to the east – beyond Nome’s There, the serum was again warmed by the heat of telephone lines – Summers used US Signal Corps another cast-iron stove. Outside, the weather was wireless operators to contact the storekeeper at growing worse. A vicious storm was approaching. Unalakleet and told him to “spare no expense” in By Saturday, January 31, another death in Nome deploying more teams along the trail (1). One was brought the death toll to 5 since the outbreak 11 posted at Unalakleet and another 38 miles up the days earlier. Three more children came down with coast at Shaktoolik. diphtheria on Saturday, pushing the caseload to 27. Summers had no way to reach Seppala, who was Dr. Welch and Nurse Morgan were also monitoring 30 out somewhere on the trail. He instructed all of the suspected cases, and at least 80 people had come new drivers to keep a sharp lookout for Seppala and in contact with the diphtheria patients. But now, they his team of Siberian huskies. If they met him, they were were out of antitoxin. to stop him, hand the serum over to him, and tell him At 5:00 AM that Saturday morning, Myles to turn westward and link up with the fresh teams that Gonangnan packed up the serum that Victor Anagick were now waiting along the trail. Summers calculated had delivered to the Unalakleet trading post. On the that the most likely place for the handoff to Seppala opposite shore of Norton Sound, Leonhard Seppala, would be somewhere near Shaktoolik. still unaware that the relay plan had changed, made the risky decision to take a shortcut across the frozen Battling a Blizzard Sound. The approaching storm blew strong northeast Early on Friday morning, January 30, the serum was winds that threatened to break up the sea ice. Under warming near a roadhouse stove in Bishop Mountain. these conditions, the shortcut was dangerous but

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it would save him a day’s travel, versus the safer When Seppala finally made out the words, he but longer shoreline route. Both Gonangnan and slammed on the sled brake. It took a while for him to Seppala, from opposite directions, were headed stop his 20 dogs, turn them into the wind, and return toward Shaktoolik. to Ivanoff. For Gonangnan, the wind and massive snow drifts In the past 3 days, Seppala and Togo had traveled made progress difficult. He put on his snowshoes and 170 miles. Now, Ivanoff briefed him on the change tamped down the snow on the trail to give his dogs in plans and the worsening epidemic in Nome. better traction, but it slowed their pace to a crawl. In Seppala’s new orders were to carry the serum back 5 hours, they had managed to move only 12 miles. across Norton Sound and on to the roadhouse at With the wind blowing harder by the hour, Gonangnan Golovin, where Charlie Olson was waiting. Seppala stopped at an abandoned hut to make a small fire and Togo headed north and quickly covered the and warm the serum. Fifteen minutes later, the team 23 miles to the Ungalik fishing camp. headed back on the trail and began the exhausting climb up to the 1,000-foot summit of Blueberry A Most Dire Dilemma Hills. With drifts that came up to the dogs’ bellies, In Nome, Nurse Morgan was also struggling the climb required every ounce of their energy. But against the storm. She knew how to work in the Gonangnan’s 8-dog team was powerful, sure-footed, crudest environments, but this winter was particularly and they knew the trail. tough. She continued visiting patients in the native By 11:00 AM, they were battling gale-force head villages until her vision was obscured by the blowing winds and a wind chill of -70 degrees. When they snow and the cold became unbearable. finally reached Shaktoolik at 3:00 PM, there was no As the extraordinary blizzard roared up the coast, sign of Seppala. It was possible he had been delayed, Dr. Welch monitored the deteriorating weather with or that he had already passed Shaktoolik without increasing concern. He faced a heart-wrenching resting. Gonangnan had not seen him on the trail, but choice: the need for serum versus the possibility in those whiteout conditions they could easily have that the shipment would be lost as the heroic drivers missed each other. fought the storm. He called a meeting of the Board Fortunately, Henry Ivanoff, a Russian Eskimo, had of Health and recommended stopping the relay; been stationed at Shaktoolik to handle the next leg the loss of a few hours or even a few days was not of the relay. While they waited for the serum to warm, as important as the safety of the serum. The Board Gonangnan briefed Ivanoff on the weather conditions, agreed, but no one knew exactly where Dr. Beeson’s which were deteriorating rapidly. Ivanoff might not package was. have been as experienced as the other drivers, but Mayor Maynard phoned the roadhouse keeper in he was determined to do his best. Solomon, the furthest that Nome’s telephone lines Meanwhile, Leonhard Seppala and Togo had reached, and told him to intercept the dogsled driver, successfully crossed the iced-over Norton Sound and Gunnar Kaasen, when he arrived from Bluff. Kaasen passed the fishing camp at Ungalik. The strong winds and the serum were to remain in Solomon until the of the brewing storm were blowing at their backs, storm passed. and they were speeding toward Shaktoolik. Nearing Maynard also called Port Safety and alerted Ed the Shaktoolik roadhouse, Seppala saw something Rohn, the last designated driver in the relay. Rohn through the blinding snow. As he got closer, he unhooked his dogs, fed them, and put away his sled. realized it was another dogsled team, but it wasn’t Returning to his cabin, he telephoned Nome to report moving. A reindeer had wandered onto the trail and that the wind was blowing at 80 mph. Then, he heard Ivanoff’s high-spirited dogs had snarled their lines as the line crackle. The phone went dead. Nome had they chased playfully after it. When he saw Seppala, now lost its last connection with the drivers, and Ivanoff ran toward him, frantically waving his arms. Mayor Maynard could only hope that his instructions Seppala had no intention of stopping. He could not had reached down the trail to Kaasen. afford any delays. Late on the afternoon of Saturday, January 31, A determined Ivanoff continued shouting above Seppala and Togo set out from Ungalik to cross the whistling wind, “The serum! I have it here (1)!” Norton Sound. It was dark, and they were facing gale-

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force winds with a wind chill of -85 degrees. Unfazed Olson packed the serum and left for Bluff. The wind by the deafening wind, Togo held his head low and repeatedly blew Olson and his dogs off the trail, and his body level in deep concentration. Despite the not long after leaving Golovin, a hurricane-force gust mounds of snow and slippery patches of ice covering hurtled them into a huge snowdrift. In the dark, Olson the Sound, he carved a straight course, and they dug his way out and untangled the dogs. Despite reached Isaac’s Point on the opposite bank at years of rugged experience in Alaska and his heavy 8:00 PM. Hours later, the storm churned the frozen parkas, he could not keep warm in the blizzard. Sound into an impassable icy soup. Togo and his At 7:00 PM on February 1, with the storm still mates had traveled 84 miles that day, half against the raging, Olson finally reached Bluff, his hands too wind, and they needed to eat and rest before battling numb from frostbite to unleash the serum. Although the wind through the next 50 miles to Golovin. he had protected his dogs with rabbit fur blankets, Seppala unlashed the serum package, and inside they were stiffened by the cold and could not have the roadhouse, he opened the fur and canvas gone much further. Gunnar Kaasen helped retrieve wrappings down to the paper cartons. He was certain the serum and brought the exhausted team inside, that the serum inside had frozen, but he placed the all 7 dogs limping into the cabin. Olson’s fingers were cartons as close to the stove as he dared. white and hard as stone as he briefed Kaasen. It At 2:00 AM on Sunday, February 1, the fifth day had taken him 4.5 hours to travel the 25 miles from of the relay, Seppala wrapped the serum package Golovin to Bluff. inside his sleeping bag, covered it with sealskin, and With his dogs crumpled on the floor and his tied it into his sled with a blanket and then covered it fingers burning with pain, Olson advised Kaasen to with more animal skins. The storm, which had been wait for the storm to pass. They had not received marching up the coast for 2 days, had arrived with Mayor Maynard’s directive, but this was not weather winds of 65 mph. Seppala and Togo took the safest to be traveling in, no matter how badly Nome needed path, hugging the coastline and zigzagging as sea the serum. ice heaved and crashed around them – the blizzard obscuring their vision. For the last 8 miles, they turned Balto and the Blizzard inland, climbing 5,000 feet over a series of ridges. Gunnar Kaasen had left Norway as a young Having traveled for more than 4 days and with little man to seek his fortune in Alaska’s gold fields, and rest, the dogs strained up the final ascent, but they in recent years, he worked alongside Leonhard did not stop. Then, they raced down the last stretch Seppala at Hammon Consolidated. A plain-speaking, to the roadhouse in Golovin, 13 hours after leaving practical driver, Kaasen was a good judge of sledding Isaac’s Point. conditions, and he wisely waited 2 hours in Bluff. But the wind did not subside; if anything, conditions He faced a heart-wrenching choice: were getting worse. At 10:00 PM on February 1, the the need for serum versus the possibility snow was coming down fast and blowing at 70 mph, stronger than Kaasen ever remembered in his 24 that the shipment would be lost as the years living in Nome. If he delayed any longer, the trail heroic drivers fought the storm. to Port Safety would be an impassable mass of snow drifts. His 13 dogs were well fed, rested, and ready to move, including his lead dog, Balto. The Siberian Altogether since leaving Nome, Seppala and husky was less experienced and slower than many Togo had traveled 261 miles; from picking up the lead dogs, but he was steady and strong, and Kaasen serum from Ivanoff to the handoff to Charlie Olson in placed great confidence in him. Golovin, they had traveled nearly double the distance Eschewing the Rule of 40s, Kaasen hooked up covered by any of the other sled teams. They were the dogs, packed the serum, and headed out. They still as fit as the day they left Nome, just a little tired. faced a blizzard strength that few drivers had ever Mayor Maynard’s instructions to wait out the storm dared to tackle. After only 5 miles, they plowed into had not reached Golovin. An hour after Seppala’s a massive drift that blocked the trail. Balto tried to arrival and with a wind chill of -70 degrees, Charlie run through it, but the dogs bogged down. The snow

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came up to the six foot two Norwegian’s chest, and Kaasen and Balto reached Port Safety at 3:00 AM he could not clear a path, either. Their only choice on Monday, February 2, but the roadhouse was dark. was to retreat and detour around the obstruction. Ed Rohn had gone to sleep, assuming that Kaasen had The relatively inexperienced Balto could follow trails, stopped at Solomon to wait out the storm. Instead, but now Kaasen was asking him to scout a new trail Kaasen had missed the Solomon roadhouse, blinded in unfamiliar territory – in the pitch dark, in a blizzard. by the blizzard, and proceeded straight to Port Safety. Balto lumbered along the back edge of the drift, Kaasen considered waking Rohn, but harnessing trying to find the faint scent of dogs that had pattered and hitching his dogs would cause a further delay. before him that winter. He kept his nose low to the The wind was easing and despite the cold, Balto and ground, his ears flattened against his head to keep the team were still moving fast and strong. Kaasen out the wind, and moved slowly. After they had decided to continue on to Nome. skirted and passed beyond the edge of the drift, The last 20 miles of the trail to Nome ran along Balto was still searching. Minutes felt like hours. Then, the beach. The winds diminished, but the heavy suddenly, he lifted his head and broke into a run. snow drifts made travel slow and at times difficult. They were back on the trail. Kaasen’s fingers ached from frostbite, and several of his dogs were now stiffening, but at least they could When he reached into the sled to see the trail. make sure the serum was in place, The Journey’s End it wasn’t there. It had been thrown On Monday, February 2, at 5:30 AM, Balto turned somewhere into the darkness. onto Front Street in Nome. Kaasen stopped the team in front of the Miners & Merchants Bank. He staggered off the sled and stumbled Well after midnight, Kaasen’s right cheek began up to embrace Balto. From to sting with frostbite. The wind blasted thick veils of Anchorage, the serum had snow, obscuring his vision. He could only guess his traveled 974 miles; 20 drivers position and turned control of the team over to Balto. and about 150 dogs had Kaasen just held on. carried it along the trails. Several times, the hurricane-force gusts hurled the Dr. Welch immediately sled off the trail, dragging the dogs with it. Each time took the package to Kaasen had to take off his gloves, untangle the team, and right the sled. Ten miles from Port Safety, they were slammed by a gust in excess of 70 mph, burying Kaasen in a drift. He crawled back to the sled, righted it, and fumbled with the dogs’ harnesses. When he reached into the sled to make sure the serum was in place, it wasn’t there. It had been thrown somewhere into the darkness. Kaasen systematically searched the snow, crawling on his knees and with his bare hands. Finally, his right hand hit something hard, his precious cargo. He leashed it back into the sled, securing it with a few extra knots of rope.

Statue of Balto, the lead dog on the last relay team, in Central Park, New York City. The statue is dedicated to all the dogs involved in the serum run.

By Jim Henderson (own work) [CC0], via Wikimedia Commons

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 217 the hospital and unwrapped the cartons. The The Nome Serum Relay Participants serum was frozen solid. Fortunately, Dr. Beeson Distance in Anchorage had allowed for expansion of the Relay Leg Driver (miles) serum by using rubber and cork stoppers on each Bill vial. Welch put them in a 46 degree room – warm Jan 27 Nenana to Tolovana 52 Shannon by Alaska standards. By 9:00 AM, the serum had partially liquefied and not a single vial was broken. Tolovana to Manley Edgar Jan 28 31 By 11:00 AM, the serum was clear and ready for Hot Springs Kallands use. Welch immediately treated the most severely Manley Hot Springs Dan Jan 28 28 ill patients in Nome. Nurse Morgan simultaneously to Fish Lake Green headed to the Eskimo village to visit several Johnny Jan 28 Fish Lake to Tanana 26 quarantined families and injected each of them. Folger By early afternoon, more than 10% of the 300,000 Sam units had been used up. By evening, several Jan 29 Tanana to Kallands 34 Joseph thousand more units of serum were gone. Many patients would receive a second round of injections. Kallands to Nine Titus Jan 29 24 Soon, news reached the world that the serum Mile Cabin Nikolai had arrived in Nome and seemed to be working. Nine Mile Cabin Dave Jan 29 30 Some patients responded within hours. The repeated to Kokrines Corning freezing and thawing had not affected the serum’s Harry Jan 29 Kokrines to Ruby 30 efficacy, and on February 3 it looked as if even those Pitka who were seriously ill would recover. Ruby to Whiskey Bill A second dogsled shipment of antitoxin arrived Jan 29 28 Creek McCarty in Nome on February 15, delivered by Ed Rohn in the middle of another blizzard. The second relay Whiskey Creek to Edgar Jan 29 24 engaged many of the same drivers as the first and Galena Nollner was also difficult, with heavy snowstorms impeding Galena to Bishop George Jan 30 18 the drivers and dogs. Unrestricted use of the new Mountain Nollner serum rapidly ended the diphtheria threat, and on Bishop Mountain Charlie Jan 30 30 February 21, Dr. Welch lifted the quarantine (2). to Nulato Evans Tommy The Impact of the Nome Relay Jan 30 Nulato to Kaltag 36 Patsy A diphtheria vaccine had been introduced in Kaltag to Old the United States in the early 1920s, but it saw Jan 30 40 Jackscrew little use until the publicity surrounding the 1925 Woman Shelter Nome epidemic galvanized public opinion about Jan Old Woman Shelter Victor 34 immunization. In the 1940s, the diphtheria vaccine 30-31 to Unalakleet Anagick was combined with tetanus toxoid and pertussis Unalakleet to Myles Jan 31 40 vaccine (DPT). Routine immunization of children with Shaktoolik Gonangnan DPT dramatically reduced outbreaks of diphtheria. (Shaktoolik to Henry No cases have been reported in the United States Jan 31 Seppala handoff) Ivanoff since 2003 (3, 5). Leonhard In New York’s Central Park, near the Children’s Jan 31 Shaktoolik to Golovin 91 Zoo, a statue of Balto was erected in December Seppala 1925. Generations of children have petted the head, Charlie Feb 1 Golovin to Bluff 25 rubbed behind the ears, and climbed on the back of Olson the metallic Balto – its bronze surface polished down Gunnar Feb 1 Bluff to Nome 53 to a gold sheen by thousands of tiny hands that have Kaasen never suffered from diphtheria.

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Biosketch: References 1. Salisbury G and Salisbury L (2003) The Cruelest Miles, W. W. Norton, New York.

2. Welch C (1925) The diphtheria epidemic at Nome. JAMA 84(17): 1290-1291.

3. Tiwari TSP (2012) Diphtheria, in Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Manual for surveillance of vaccine-preventable diseases, 5th Ed., Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA. Available from: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/surv-manual/chpt01-dip.html

4. Warner M (August 15, 2013) How horses helped cure diphtheria. American History Blog. Available from: blog.americanhistory.si.edu/osaycanyousee/2013/08/how-horses-helped- cure-diphtheria.html

5. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2012) Epidemiology and Prevention of Vaccine- Preventable Diseases, 12th Ed., 2nd printing (Atkinson W, Hamborsky J, and Wolfe S, eds) Public Health Foundation, Washington, DC. Available from: www.cdc.gov/vaccines/pubs/ pinkbook/dip.html Rebecca J. Anderson holds a bachelor’s 6. Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health. The early years: Manufacturing of in chemistry from the diphtheria antitoxin. Available from: www.wadsworth.org/docs/poster_3.shtml Coe College and 7. Biles, J (March 2, 2013) Kansan recognized for saving Alaskans in diphtheria epidemic: Nurse earned her doctorate Emily Morgan inducted into Alaska Women’s Hall of Fame. The Topeka Capital-Journal. in pharmacology Available from: cjonline.com/life/arts-entertainment/2013-03-02/kansan-recognized-saving- from Georgetown alaskans-diptheria-epidemic University. She has 25 years of experience in pharmaceutical research and development and now works as a technical writer. Her most recent book is Nevirapine and the Quest to End Pediatric AIDS. Email rebeccanderson @msn.com.

In the next issue of The Pharmacologist…

Dr. Anderson will be exploring a story about how Paul Janssen and his innovative drugs saved the Chinese terracotta warriors.

Don’t miss the exciting March 2015 issue.

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 219 Science Policy

NIH Funding Prospects: Half Empty or Half Full?

Mid-term elections are over. recent history suggests that could Republicans have added seats to their happen. In the 1990s, President Clinton majority in the house and won the and the Republican Congress were senate, but there is no clear forecast able to balance the budget and enact for what that means for the biomedical welfare reform among other legislative research community. achievements in a highly charged partisan political atmosphere. Also often Too many in Congress today overlooked is that the NIH received think the nation’s federal steady and sustained increases, ultimately investment in basic science can leading to the Republican inspired effort to double the NIH’s budget from be replaced by industry. 1998–2003. Granted, there are significant differences between then and now: While it is a pretty safe bet that the there was a budget surplus and relatively next two years will not be among the minimal debt; the Tea Party did not exist most productive or civil in the history and anti-government sentiment paled to of Congress, a Republican majority in today’s environment; there were more Congress does not necessarily mean Republicans who recognized the value continued stalemate or that funding of investing in basic biomedical research prospects will become even more and viewed the NIH as an agency that constrained for the NIH and other federal worked, was entrepreneurial, and created science agencies. While the glass may jobs. Too many in Congress today think not appear to be half full, it does not the nation’s federal investment in basic mean it is half empty. In fact, relatively science can be replaced by industry.

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Another possible favorable turn is the growing With much publicity about the NIH’s budget woes bi-partisan consensus that spending cuts may have having slowed development of a vaccine, the gone too far. With Republicans defending many agency will be looked at closely. By this calculus, more Senate seats and trying to elect a president the NIH, as well as the CDC and the FDA would in 2016, it is possible that many Republicans likely see some increases to their FY 2015 budgets. aware of what has already been cut may not have an appetite to cut more. With the prospects of ASPET members and the rest of the another sequestration (automatic across-the-board biomedical research community must spending cuts) looming in January, lawmakers will be looking closely to fix that. However, it is continue to be outspoken about the not certain if Congress will work hard enough consequences of stagnation or outright to protect domestic discretionary spending as cuts and forcefully advocate for steady they will most assuredly work to save defense and sustained increases for the NIH. from another possible sequestration. Although there will likely be some support to either fix or repeal sequestration, this would mean raising the But the election results may still lead to less spending caps, which is a politically contentious optimistic outcomes for NIH funding trends, issue. This fight, defense vs domestic discretionary with Republican control of Congress increasing spending, may be the key debate that will impact momentum for additional spending cuts, even NIH funding. ASPET members and the rest of the for defense spending. While there seemed to be biomedical research community must continue bipartisan acceptance that spending cuts have to be outspoken about the consequences of gone too far, others think more needs to be done. stagnation or outright cuts and forcefully advocate A Republican Congress may make it even more for steady and sustained increases for the NIH. difficult to pass any increase in the budget caps, The outbreak of Ebola and its introduction even if it means that defense spending will be into the United States has also raised the profile spared from cuts as well. on federal investment in biomedical research.

Lame Duck and Beyond

At this writing, the Continuing Resolution (CR) As hard as it may be to believe, resolving FY 2015 funding the NIH and other government programs was spending bills may look like a walk in the park due to expire December 11. ASPET and the biomedical compared to upcoming FY 2016 budget battles. OK, research community have urged Congressional maybe it is not so hard to believe that. But last year’s leadership to pass an omnibus bill, rather than another budget deal cut by the Senate and House Budget CR, that provides adequate funding for the NIH Chairs (Sen. Murray – D/WA and Rep. Ryan – R/WI) before January 1. The 114th Congress convenes this already set spending levels through FY 2015. That January, and there is hope that spending bills could be two-year deal ends and assures, most likely, another passed before the new Congress returns. Published difficult spending fight in FY 2016. All groups will be reports this fall have indicated that the Appropriations asking for increased spending, and those debates Committees has been trying to write an omnibus bill will be difficult to resolve even without a rabidly to complete funding for FY 2015. However, the new contentious political climate made more complex by Republican majority in Congress might decide to pass 2016 candidates jockeying for the White House. another CR through March to give them the opportunity to pass spending bills that reflect their priorities.

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ASPET Urges Congress to Pass NIH Spending Bill

ASPET’s leadership wrote to Congressional leadership urging Congress to pass omnibus legislation before January 1 and complete spending legislation for FY 2015. The letter from ASPET President Annette E. Fleckenstein notes that a continued impasse over appropriations bills will “further compromise NIH’s ability to meet its current obligations and research opportunities.”

October 13, 2014

Council

Annette E. Fleckenstein The Honorable Barbara A. Mikulski The Honorable Richard C. Shelby President Chair Ranking Member University of Utah Committee on Appropriations Committee on Appropriations

Kenneth E. Thummel United States Senate United States Senate President-Elect University of Washington The Honorable Harold Rogers The Honorable Nita M. Lowey

Richard R. Neubig Chair Ranking Member Past President Committee on Appropriations Committee on Appropriations Michigan State University United States House of Representatives United States House of Representatives

Paul A. Insel Secretary/Treasurer University of California – San Diego On behalf of the Council of the American Society for Pharmacology & Experimental

Dennis C. Marshall Therapeutics (ASPET), I write to urge Congress to pass appropriations legislation when Secretary/Treasurer-Elect Congress returns following the November 4 election. It is critical for the National Institutes Ferring Pharmaceuticals, Inc. of Health and all discretionary health programs that Congress completes final omnibus

Sandra P. Welch spending legislation for FYY 2015 before January 1. Past Secretary/Treasurer Virginia Commonwealth University The current short-term Continuing Resolution providing temporary funding for government

Charles P. France programs is of great concern. For the NIH, the continued breakdown of regular order of Councilor this year’s appropriations process disrupts NIH’s ability to meet funding obligations to the University of Texas Health Science institutions and biomedical research scientists the agency funds. The possibility of an Center - San Antonio extension of the CR, or a year-long CR would further compromise NIH’s ability to meet its Margaret E. Gnegy current obligations and research opportunities. A further diminishment of NIH’s Councilor purchasing power that we have seen for several years will impact human health and hurt University Michigan Medical School the agency’s ability to address emerging health threats. Only a steady and sustained John D. Schuetz investment in the NIH will allow for the continuity of funding that is essential to keep the Councilor Nation safe from a new generation of biological threats. NIH funding is essential for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital America’s biological readiness to protect against health threats like Ebola virus, Mary Vore Enterovirus D-68 and other diseases. Furthermore, failing to meet other scientific Board of Publications Trustees opportunities and needs of the NIH will mean continued hardship for many academic University of Kentucky health centers and universities conducting important biomedical research. The Brian M. Cox diminishment of our nation’s investment in biomedical research has already influenced the FASEB Board Representative career decisions of the next generation of scientists who see no future in pursuing Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences research in biomedicine as a realistic career path.

Scott A. Waldman Program Committee I urge you to support the NIH and provide the agency with steady and sustainable increases to Thomas Jefferson University help meet the many scientific opportunities the agency has not been able to address. Enactment of omnibus appropriations legislation for fiscal year 2015 would be a welcome start Judith A. Siuciak to reversing the decline in one of America’s most critical and successful enterprises. Executive Officer

Sincerely,

Annette E. Fleckenstein President

9650 Rockville Pike | Bethesda | MD | 20814-3995 P: (301) 634-7060 | F: (301) 634-7061 | E: [email protected] | www.aspet.org

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Meet the 2015 ASPET Washington Fellows

Maria Briscione focusing on the regulation of steroid hormone was born and raised production and lipid homeostasis in the adrenal in Oceanport, New gland. More specifically, she worked on the role Jersey. She studied of an oxysterol binding protein called ORP2 in biochemistry at steroidogenesis. Tamara is currently an incoming American University graduate student at the University of California, in Washington, DC, San Diego. where she worked in a neuropharmacology Ben Lieblong was lab and discovered born in Mississippi but Maria Briscione her passion for raised in Little Rock, AR, Emory University neuroscience. She is from age two. He earned currently a second a bachelor’s degree in year neuroscience doctoral student at Emory biology from Centenary University. Her research focuses on applying College of Louisiana and acoustic-startle based phenotypes to understand is currently a fourth- genetic and neurobiological mechanisms year pharmacology underlying sex differences observed in survivors PhD candidate at the of combat and civilian trauma. The broader goal of Benjamin J. Lieblong University of Arkansas her research is to contribute to our understanding University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences. in ways that may lead to improved treatment and for Medical Sciences Ben researches preventative strategies for combating PTSD and radiation-induced heart other psychological disorders. Maria believes the disease, a delayed ASPET Washington Fellows Program will allow side effect of radiotherapy for thoracic tumors, her to use her research training to advocate for such as those found in breast or lung cancers. a greater understanding of how basic science Specifically, his project focuses on characterizing intersects with the needs of society to ultimately radiation-induced endothelial dysfunction within influence science policy. coronary arteries, and developing a technique for early detection of the pathology. His interest in Tamara Escajadillo science policy is an extension of one of his core was born in San Diego, philosophies: promoting scientific literacy through CA, and received her science education at all levels. Ben believes that bachelor’s degree in having a science- and health-literate populace biochemistry from is critical to electing officials that recognize the California State importance of biomedical research. University-Dominguez Hills, in Los Angeles Andrew Merluzzi grew up in Vermont and County. While doing completed his undergraduate degree at American so she worked in the University in Washington, DC. He is currently Tamara Escajadillo research laboratory working toward his doctorate at the University University of California of Dr. Marion Seweray of Wisconsin-Madison and is interested in at San Diego at the University of studying how the brain changes over the course California-San Diego, of development in response to environmental

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stress, poverty, team of scientists available for investigation of lack of education, exciting science that can lead to an independent malnourishment, and collaboration, she decided to continue at New injury. His goal is to York Medical College as a postdoctoral fellow. As understand how these a postdoctoral fellow, she has been working on factors contribute a project that is mainly focused on the disruption to reduced human of heme biosynthesis in pulmonary hypertension capital and to analyze and how ferrochelatase inhibition affects this various policy options pathway. She believes that biomedical science is for ameliorating the not just about investigating one particular protein Andrew Merluzzi resulting societal or gene but how that protein or gene affects University of burdens. Andrew is the human body. Many people are not aware of Wisconsin-Madison conducting lab rotations the advantages of biomedical research, and it within the Neuroscience is necessary to explain in a very simple manner and Public Policy Program at UW and is currently about any scientific area to people in non-scientific working on a longitudinal study of children with fields in order to expand the overall benefits of PTSD. He plans to analyze how cortical thickness in biomedical science. ASPET’s Washington Fellows fear and learning circuitry changes over the course program is a first step toward her journey in public of development for adolescents with PTSD. This policy/science policy. area of research, as well as many others in child development and human capital, represent fertile Phillip Saccone ground for implementation of sensible policy based is a fourth year on a sound scientific foundation. PhD candidate in pharmacology at the Dhara Patel was born University of Michigan and raised in India. After Medical School. Under receiving her bachelor’s the supervision of Dr. and master’s degrees in James Woods, Phillip biochemistry from India, is developing novel later, she joined the PhD procedures to study the program at New York Phillip Saccone intranasal administration Medical College. She University of Michigan of opioid medications as graduated with a PhD Medical School well as gastrointestinal in physiology from New transit in non-human Dhara Patel, PhD York Medical College in primates. The goal of New York May 2013. As part of her this research is to determine whether intranasal Medical College doctoral dissertation, opioid delivery will result in direct absorption to she generated mice the CNS, and if so, will the peripheral side effects models of pulmonary of opioid medications, such as constipation, be hypertension to investigate the role of extracellular reduced. He currently serves as Graduate Study peroxide in the vasculature of this model. She also Body President and is the recipient of a Ruth L. investigated novel signaling mechanisms involved Kirschstein Individual National Research Service in the regulation of protein kinase G in vasculature Award. Before attending Michigan, Phillip worked of this mouse model of pulmonary hypertension as a lab manager for Dr. Sandra Comer at the New as well as in PKG-KI (protein kinase G-knock in) York State Psychiatric Institute where he studied mouse model. Because of the strong collaborative the reinforcing effects of prescription opioids in

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humans and investigated novel pharmacological communicate with their elected officials. She is strategies for the treatment of opioid abuse. As excited about the opportunity to make an impact by an ASPET Washington Fellow, Phillip is interested advocating for science in her home state. in helping to improve the understanding between scientists and lawmakers with the goal of finding Ed Stahl was born and new and innovative ways to strengthen federal raised in Harrisburg, PA. research programs. Phillip was born and raised He attended Lycoming in New York City and currently lives with his wife, College in Williamsport, Meredith, in Ann Arbor, MI. PA, where he received a bachelor’s degree Katie Serafine was in computer science. born and raised in Following college, he San Antonio, TX, but decided to explore a decided to attend different career path college in a much cooler Ed Stahl, PhD and began working as a climate, at Norwich Scripps Research technician in a research University in Northfield, Institute (Florida) laboratory. In the VT. As a psychology interest of broadening major she had the his academic training opportunity to conduct in biology, he briefly attended Messiah College. Katherine M. research and teach He was then accepted into the pharmacology PhD Serafine, PhD a laboratory course program at the Penn State College of Medicine. University of Texas in the principles of Ed’s thesis focused on developing and applying Health Science Center, learning which sparked mathematical models of neuroreceptor activation San Antonio her interest in both in the lab of Prof. John Ellis. After completing his experimental science degree, he was hired by GraphPad Software, Inc. and classroom teaching. In order to pursue to provide support and modeling assistance for these interests, she enrolled in graduate school their scientific software users. He is currently a at American University in Washington, DC, and postdoctoral fellow in Prof. Laura Bohn’s lab at received her master’s degree in psychology and the Scripps Research Institute in Jupiter, FL. His PhD in behavior, cognition, and neuroscience. research focuses on studying novel mechanisms She accepted a postdoctoral fellowship in the of drug action. Ed feels there is a real need to Department of Pharmacology at the University of express to the general public, and to policy makers, Texas Health Science Center in San Antonio. Her the value and importance of public investment in research investigates how age, sex, and diet can biomedical scientific research. impact abuse vulnerability to drugs like cocaine. Living, attending graduate school, and teaching Michael Tranter was born and raised in rural undergraduate courses in Washington, DC, southern Illinois and received his bachelor’s degree opened her eyes to the interface between science, in molecular biology from Rose-Hulman Institute education, and policy. Katie hopes that the ASPET of Technology in Terre Haute, IN. Michael did Washington Fellows program will help her learn his graduate work at the University of Cincinnati how to communicate as a scientist with politicians College of Medicine where he received a PhD in that are responsible for making policy decisions molecular pharmacology for his work on gene that impact science. She also hopes to bring this expression in the heart and how regulation of these training home to Texas to help other scientists changes protects cardiac muscle during a heart in her community learn how to more effectively attack. Now an assistant professor at the University

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of Cincinnati, Michael’s and behavioral research focus is aimed pharmacology, her at understanding the dissertation investigates molecular and gene how nicotine and the expression changes that antidepressant Prozac drive the pathological create maladaptive progression of heart changes in brain failure. Michael development during has been active in adolescence, resulting science advocacy for in enhanced reward Michael C. Tranter, PhD the American Heart Menglu Yuan sensitivity. Her interest University of Cincinnati Association and University of California, in addiction-related College of Medicine believes we must urge Irvine diseases was inspired everyone in the scientific while she was an community to be more undergraduate researcher at Boston University, pro-active in advocating for science funding and where she obtained a bachelor’s degree in education. biochemistry and molecular biology. As a graduate student, Menglu served as the Pharmacological Menglu Yuan was born in Chengdu, China, and Sciences Program Student Representative and grew up in Missouri. She is currently a doctoral led diversity efforts to improve campus climate, candidate of a pharmacology and toxicology at the access, and inclusion at UCI. With the ASPET University of California, Irvine (UCI). Her research Washington Fellows Program, she would like to examines the underlying mechanisms of the gain greater exposure to public policy and learn “Gateway Theory” with a focus on adolescence how to cultivate scientifically informed, evidence- and addiction. Utilizing techniques in neuroscience based laws and regulations.

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Applications Open for 2016 ASPET Washington Fellows Program

Applications are now congressional delegations. In past years, they were being accepted for the on Capitol Hill during the ongoing discussions 2016 ASPET Washington involving sequestration and subsequent budget Fellows Program. The debates. Each fellow makes a persuasive case for application deadline is providing steady and sustained support for NIH. September 2, 2015. Of particular note was the interest congressional The Washington Fellows offices have concerning the future career prospects Program was created in 2013 of graduate students, postdoctoral trainees, and with the goal to develop early early career scientists. Hearing directly from young career scientists interested in investigators – the future scientists of America science policy to learn about – that they are considering leaving biomedical and become more engaged research or considering leaving the country to have in public policy issues. an opportunity to pursue their chosen career path Washington fellows develop an understanding of made an impression upon many on Capitol Hill. how public policy decisions made in Washington Fellows receive briefings and training prior help shape and impact science policy, such as to their visits. The fellows take the lead in these funding for the National Institutes of Health and meetings; they are not part of a group participating other science agencies. They come to Washington in a meeting with other fellows. Besides visiting and learn how to advocate effectively on Capitol their congressional delegation in Washington, they Hill and in their home districts. This program will write op-ed pieces for publication in their local help fellows develop the skills and insights to media outlets. ASPET Washington Fellows also become future leaders in science. receive a travel award when attending the ASPET Three fellows classes have now completed Annual Meeting at Experimental Biology. their Capitol Hill meetings with their respective

Application Information

The 2016 ASPET Washington Fellows Program • A letter (no more than two pages) from the is open to any graduate student, postdoctoral applicant stating their interest in public policy trainee, or researcher no more than four years past and why they are interested in the ASPET the completion of his/her postdoctoral training. Washington Fellows Program Fellows serve one-year terms. Applicants must be • A curriculum vitae members of ASPET in good standing and have a • A brief letter of support from the candidate’s strong interest in science and its intersection with mentor and/or department chair stating their public policy. Fellows will be selected by the ASPET support for the candidate’s application Science Policy Committee. We anticipate up to 10 Additional information is available on the Washington Fellows Program participants in 2016. ASPET’s website: www.aspet.org/2016_ASPET_ All applications must contain the following Washington_Fellows_Program. information and be submitted by September 2, 2015 as a single combined PDF:

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 227 Education News

ASPET Participates in Fall Conferences for Underrepresented Students

from government agencies, foundations, and professional scientific societies. Both conferences afford unique opportunities to connect with bright and motivated students who are interested in pursuing advanced studies in STEM. They also serve a growing role in strengthening the U.S. scientific enterprise, whose vitality relies on diversifying the workforce. Currently, the groups most underrepresented in STEM are the fastest growing in the general population. Since 2001, ABRCMS has served as

“Changing the Face of Science” – artwork by Jenny Q. Sandrof for SACNAS. Used with permission. one of the largest professional gatherings for underrepresented minority students This fall, ASPET was excited to once again join and students with disabilities who are interested a diverse array of exhibitors at two conferences in careers in the biomedical sciences. This year’s aimed at broadening the participation of minorities conference theme was “Developing Scientific Leaders traditionally underrepresented in the STEM through Research Training and Academic Excellence.” disciplines. From October 16–18, we participated In addition to scientific sessions, attendees take in the national conference of the Society for part in focused workshops on grant writing, science Advancement of Hispanics/Chicanos and Native communication, and career development. The Americans in Science (SACNAS) in Los Angeles, exhibitors program highlights opportunities for CA. From November 12–15, we attended the Annual internships, fellowships, and graduate programs. Biomedical Research Conference for Minority Students (ABRCMS) in San Antonio, TX. Combined, ASPET’s participation in these meetings allows us to these conferences bring together over 6,000 highlight our student opportunities, including the Summer attendees, the majority of Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) and the travel whom are undergraduate and best abstract awards to participate in the Experimental students. Other participants Biology conference. We also share information about the include representatives from graduate programs at U.S. benefits of membership and the array of career options colleges and universities as possible to students of pharmacology. well as scientists and staff

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The participation of scientific societies is a key ASPET’s participation in these meetings allows us component of the conference; after participating to highlight our student opportunities, including the in ABRCMS, all students are strongly encouraged Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships (SURF) to attend professional society meetings of their and the travel and best abstract awards to participate respective disciplines to continue their scientific and in the Experimental Biology conference. We also professional development. share information about the benefits of membership Now in its 35th year, the theme of this year’s and the array of career options possible to students SACNAS conference was “Creativity, Vision, and of pharmacology. Drive: Toward Full Representation in STEM.” The Serving as an exhibitor also allows us to network program blends scientific symposia and poster and share ideas with other organizations who have sessions with interactive workshops designed to related missions. help attendees navigate each transition stage of their If your institution or organization doesn’t already careers as they move toward leadership positions participate in these conferences, we urge you to in STEM. Cultural events are interwoven throughout consider attending, as the meetings represent a the program, acknowledging the important role of unique opportunity to attract exceptional students heritage and cultural identity in improving STEM to your programs. This year, both meetings were outcomes for underrepresented groups. From the attended by ASPET’s Education Manager, Catherine vibrant dancers at the Native American Pow Wow Fry. She was joined by ASPET members Martha to the spirited merengue music at the ¡Pachanga! Davila-Garcia and Robin Rockhold at SACNAS and community dance, these events are part of what ABRCMS, respectively. make SACNAS truly inspirational.

Individual Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowship (SURF) Program

Applications Due March 1, 2015 for limited to, students representing departments of pharmacology, toxicology, pharmaceutical Summer 2015 Fellowships sciences, and/or biological chemistry are welcome ASPET’s individual SURF program aims to apply to the program. to introduce undergraduate students to pharmacology research through a 10-week Program Requirements laboratory research experience. The program aims • Students must have a sponsor who is a regular to heighten interest in science as a career and to member of ASPET in good standing or a retired increase the number of young scientists entering member who is still active in research. the research discipline of pharmacology. • Students are expected to work on a research The SURF individual awards are intended to project with some degree of independence. support students whose institutions do not have a • If awarded, ASPET will provide a student currently funded institutional SURF program. A list stipend of $1800 for a minimum of ten weeks’ of currently funded institutions can be viewed at: participation in the program. Sponsors are www.aspet.org/awards/SURF/institutional-Funded expected to secure $1000 in matching funds from local resources. Who Should Apply • The sponsor is expected to sponsor the SURF Undergraduate students conducting Fellow for student membership in ASPET at the pharmacology-related research including, but not beginning of their summer research experience.

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Undergraduate student membership in ASPET facilitate a summer program on their campus. is free. More information about both types of SURF Applications from women and awards can be found at http://www.aspet.org/ underrepresented minorities are particularly awards/SURF; or contact Catherine L. Fry, PhD, encouraged. ASPET’s Education Manager at [email protected] ASPET also offers institutional SURF awards or 301-634-7782. for groups of at least five faculty members to

Applications for the 2015 SURF Individual Fellowship are due by March 1, 2015. For more information, please visit: www.aspet.org/awards/SURF/individual

Natalie Arabian Talks About Her Experience As an ASPET Summer Undergraduate Research Fellow

Natalie Arabian is currently I was in a place where I could pitch project ideas, and a Senior Undergraduate execute them on my own. I think that having more Investigator in the Alcohol & of a hands-on role in the project is what piqued my Brain Research Laboratory interest in research as a career. at the University of Southern California. She participated What drew you to pharmacology versus other in ASPET’s Summer possible fields? Undergraduate Research Neuroscience has always been my research area Fellowship (SURF) program of primary interest. My mother was an alcoholic, so during the summer of 2013. the opportunity to work in an alcohol research lab Natalie Arabian She continues to work with was inherently appealing to me. I was also drawn to University of Southern her research mentor, Dr. pharmacology because of its clinical applicability. California Daryl Davies. How would you summarize your research? How long have you been engaged in research? Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD) is the third leading I’ve been engaged in research for approximately 3 preventable cause of death in the United States, years. I started off in our lab as a high school student highlighting the need for the development of more volunteer; the experience was so positive that I’ve effective treatment options. Our laboratory has been been here ever since. I just can’t imagine myself doing working on repositioning ivermectin (IVM), an FDA anything else. approved anthelmintic agent with an excellent safety prolife, to fulfill this health care crisis of unmet need. What first got you interested in pursuing research? The main goal of my project has been centered on Initially I spent about 10 hours a week assisting fulfilling a comprehensive preclinical assessment of other students with technical work. At the end of the drug’s efficacy and safety when delivered for a every work day, I would walk over to the library in long-term period of time. These studies have now search of old papers and review articles to study. The culminated in the approval of a phase 0 clinical trial. more I read, the more interested I became. Eventually,

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Have you had the opportunity to attend many Considering that all of these compounds act on the scientific conferences? P2X4 receptor, my hope is that our studies will lead Yes, I received a SURF travel award which to the validation of this receptor as a target for the allowed me to present some of my findings at the treatment of alcohol use disorders. Experimental Biology 2014 conference. Additionally, I’m also working on submitting a manuscript I received a graduate student merit award from the alongside my graduate student mentor, which is really Research Society on Alcoholism (RSA), to help defray exciting. The paper will include data obtained during some of the costs associated with attending the my summer as a SURF fellow. annual RSA conference. The award is given to a very select number of undergraduate students. I think Do you have a wish list for the type of graduate that year I was one of only two students to receive program you’d like to find yourself in? the distinction. It feels good to have your work Absolutely! I’d like to immerse myself in a recognized by other scientists within the community. neuroscience program with a psychopharmacology department that places a strong emphasis on It feels good to have your work basic science. Although a pharmacological or clinical emphasis would be most aligned with my recognized by other scientists within research interests, I would also like to receive the community. training from a computational perspective. There are certain labs that I have in mind, but I would be grateful for the opportunity to study neuroscience When you go to a conference, what do you hope to at any institution that encourages creativity and get out of the experience? “out of the box” thinking. I always look through the itinerary ahead of time to see if anyone from any of the labs I am interested From your perspective, what are the qualities of a in will be there. For me, it’s definitely a networking good research mentor? opportunity. It’s also an opportunity to learn about To me, a good research mentor is someone who new developments in overlapping areas of study. really cares about their students, and genuinely wants to see them succeed. I am incredibly lucky to have At what stage of your research were you engaged found all of these qualities in my PI, Dr. Daryl Davies, in the SURF program? and my graduate student mentors, Nhat Huynh and I entered the SURF program after my first year of Sheraz Khoja. If I could give other investigators research. The fellowship gave me the opportunity advice, I would urge them to treat their students fairly to take my initial investigations one step further. It’s and to provide additional opportunities to those that been so rewarding to see the research transition work the hardest. I also think it’s important to allow into the next phase. Additionally, through the SURF students to work independently. program I was able to cultivate an opportunity for myself as a Guest Blogger on ASPET’s PharmTalk, If you could go back to the beginning of your which is a blog for young scientists. I’m working on research experience and give yourself one or two submitting my second post now. pieces of advice about doing research, what would they be? What’s the most surprising thing your research With time I have learned that failure is a powerful experience has taught you? resource. I would encourage my past self not to be too I’ve learned how to be very flexible, and to think disheartened by experimental blunders and instead to more critically and objectively. use them as fuel to help propel the work forward. Natalie also contributes to PharmTalk, ASPET’s What’s next for your investigations? blog for young scientists: www.aspet.org/six_ways_ Currently, I am investigating analogues of to_join_a_research_team. ivermectin for the treatment of alcohol use disorder.

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 231 Journal News

New NIH Guidelines

On November 5, the National Institutes of Health and the establishment of best practice guidelines in announced “Proposed Principles and Guidelines the areas of image-based data and the description for Reporting Preclinical Research.” The guidelines of biological materials with enough information address five principle areas of concern for the to uniquely identify the reagents (in particular, publication of preclinical biological research: rigorous antibodies, cell lines, and animals). statistical analysis, transparency in reporting, data In June, Dr. Michael F. Jarvis, editor of JPET, and material sharing, consideration of refutations, represented ASPET at a workshop organized by Nature, Science/AAAS¸ and the NIH that addressed the reproducibility and rigor of published research findings. Workshop attendees provided input to the draft guidelines. The Board of Publications Trustees reviewed the draft and submitted a response to the NIH on August 19. Many of the actions and policies called for in the guidelines are already practiced by ASPET’s journals. ASPET’s editors have reviewed the Instructions to Authors for DMD, JPET, and MOL to further align the instructions with the guidelines as appropriate. At the BPT meeting in October, there was further discussion of these revisions and of implementing the changes, including revisions to reviewer forms. These changes are in the process of being made. ASPET endorses the NIH principles and is listed among the other supporters at http://www.nih.gov/ about/endorsing-jounals.htm.

New JPET Editorial Board Members

Three researchers joined the Editorial Advisory Board of The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics in September: Dr. Lisa Hazelwood (AbbVie), Dr. Jim Wang (University of Illinois at Chicago), and Dr. Harvey Motulsky (GraphPad Software).

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Achievements, Awards, Promotions, and Scientific Breakthroughs

A clinical study on the HIV Pharmacology at the Johns drug maraviroc by Dr. Namandjé Hopkins University School Bumpus’s lab that was first of Medicine. Her research is published on August 12 in Drug focused on understanding the Metabolism and Disposition contribution of drug metabolites received press coverage in to the pharmacokinetic- several news sources including pharmacodynamic relationships Healthy Living Magazine, Science of drugs being developed for HIV Daily, Pharmacy Learning pre-exposure prophylaxis. Network, Public Health Watch, Dr. Bumpus received her PhD in Specialty Pharmacy Times, and pharmacology from the University American Nurse Today. The of Michigan and trained as a formatted version of the article, postdoctoral fellow at The Scripps “CYP3A5 Genotype Impacts Research Institute. Maraviroc Concentrations in Dr. Bumpus has been an Healthy Volunteers,” is in the ASPET member since 2008 and Dr. Namandjé N. Bumpus November issue of DMD. is affiliated with the Division for Johns Hopkins School Dr. Bumpus is an assistant Drug Metabolism, the Division for of Medicine professor in the Department of Integrative Systems, Translational Pharmacology and Molecular and Clinical Pharmacology, and Sciences and the Department the Division of Toxicology. of Medicine - Division of Clinical

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At a recent meeting sponsored Dr. Sidhartha D. Ray was by the International Academy presented with the 2014 Outstanding of Cardiovascular Sciences in Scholar of the Year Award by Winnipeg, Manitoba, Dr. John Manchester University. He serves as a McNeill was presented with a lifetime professor of pharmaceutical sciences achievement award by the president and was the founding chair of that of the academy. department at Manchester University John McNeill received his College of Pharmacy in Fort Wayne, bachelor’s and master’s degrees Indiana. Prior to joining Manchester, from the University of Alberta and his Dr. Ray served as professor at the doctoral degree in pharmacology from Arnold & Marie Schwartz College of the University of Michigan in 1967. He Pharmacy and Health Sciences of taught at Michigan State University Long Island University, New York, for before returning to Canada at the nearly Dr. John McNeill University of British Columbia in 1971. two decades. University of British His current position is professor His seminal discoveries have Columbia and dean emeritus in the Faculty of provided clear understandings on Pharmaceutical Sciences. Dr. McNeill’s the dynamic role of apoptosis and work over the past 35 years has necrosis in drug-induced organ concentrated on the cardiovascular toxicity and have influenced the problems associated with diabetes development of safety measures for and their treatment. He has published a stunning variety of xenobiotics, over 500 manuscripts which have phytochemicals, and nutraceuticals. been quoted 14,000 times; his h-factor Based on his contributions to is 58. He is particularly proud of teaching, service, and scholarship to his trainees, 45 graduate students, health sciences in general, Dr. Ray 23 post-docs, and hundreds of received multiple prestigious awards, undergraduate students. including the American Academy of Dr. McNeill has won awards Clinical Toxicology’s national research for both his teaching and his award (1996), Fellow of the American research over the years and has College of Nutrition (FACN) honor in Dr. Siddhartha Ray been recognized for his service to 1999, the David Newton Award for Manchester University the pharmacy profession and to Excellence in Teaching Pharmacy the Canadian Heart Foundation. (2005), the Biennial Abraham Krasnoff He has served and chaired Memorial Award for Lifetime Scholarly committees for granting agencies Achievement (2008), the Society of and as president and executive Toxicology’s Undergraduate Educator member of national and international of the Year national award (2013), societies. He is an elected Fellow and the Manchester University’s of the Royal Society of Canada, Outstanding Scholar of the Year the Canadian Academy of Health award (2014). Sciences, and the International Dr. Ray perseveres to promote Academy of Cardiovascular lifelong learning strategies among Sciences. He has been an ASPET his students and clearly models his member since 1970 and primarily beliefs as a mentor. He has been a affiliated with the Division of member of ASPET since 1999 and Cardiovascular Pharmacology. primarily affiliated with the Division of Toxicology.

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Our warmest wishes for a safe and happy Holiday Season and a prosperous New Year.

-The ASPET Staff

The Pharmacologist • December 2014

Holiday Ad 2.indd 1 12/5/2014 1:12:23 PM 235 Division News

2015 Division Elections

Division elections are taking place for the following divisions: • Behavioral Pharmacology (BEH) • Cardiovascular Pharmacology (CVP) • Drug Metabolism (DM) • Molecular Pharmacology (MP) • Toxicology (TOX) Only vote for those divisions to which you belong as a primary or secondary member. If you are unsure of your divisions, please contact [email protected].

Division for Behavioral Pharmacology Nominees for Chair-Elect

Irwin Lucki, PhD Professor of Psychology Carol Paronis, PhD in Psychiatry, University of Assistant Professor of Pennsylvania School Biopsychology, Harvard of Medicine Medical School

Nominees for Secretary/Treasurer

Bill Fantegrossi, PhD Wael M.Y. Mohamed, PhD Associate Professor of Assistant Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Biopsychology, American University of Arkansas University in Cairo, Egypt

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 236

Division for Cardiovascular Pharmacology Nominees for Chair-Elect

Walter J. Koch, PhD, FAHA William Wikoff Smith Endowed Chair in Cardiovascular Medicine; Professor and Chairperson, Department of Pharmacology; Director, Hemal H. Patel, PhD Center for Translational Associate Professor of Medicine, Temple University Anesthesiology, University of School of Medicine California, San Diego

Nominees for Secretary/Treasurer

Sarah Lindsey, PhD, FAHA Steve Jones, PhD Assistant Professor of Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Tulane Medicine, University of Louisville University

Kishore Wary, PhD Associate Professor of Pharmacology, Center for Lung and Vascular Biology, University of Illinois at Chicago Have You Joined a Division?

Take full advantage of ASPET Membership by joining a Division! • Participate in creating scientific program for the annual meeting • Network with people in your field at mixers, division programs, and on each division’s LinkedIn group • Participate in running the division and planning activities • Receive special notices about events and activities of interest in your field

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 237

Division for Drug Metabolism Nominees for Chair-Elect

Tim Carlson, PhD Scientific Director, Deepak Dalvie, PhD Pharmacokinetics and Research Fellow, Pfizer, Global Metabolism, Amgen Research and Development

Nominees for Secretary/Treasurer

John P. Harrelson, PhD Swati Nagar, PhD Associate Professor, Associate Professor, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Temple University School Pacific University of Pharmacy

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 238

Division for Molecular Pharmacology Nominees for Chair-Elect

Jin Zhang, PhD Haian Fu, PhD Professor of Pharmacology, Professor, Department of Department of Pharmacology Pharmacology; Director, Emory & Molecular Sciences; Chemical Biology Discovery Solomon H. Snyder Center; Director, Discovery and Department of Neuroscience Development Therapeutics and Department of Oncology, Program, Winship Cancer The Johns Hopkins University Institute, Emory University School of Medicine; Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University Whiting School of Engineering

Nominees for Secretary/Treasurer

Katerina Akassoglou, PhD Professor, Department of Neurology; Senior Investigator, David Roman, PhD Gladstone Institute of Associate Professor, Neurological Disease; Director, Department of Center for In Vivo Imaging Pharmaceutical Sciences & Research, Gladstone Institutes, Experimental Therapeutics, University of California, San The University of Iowa Francisco College of Pharmacy

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Division for Toxicology Nominees for Chair-Elect

Serrine S. Lau, PhD Professor of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Arizona; Director, Monica A. Valentovic, PhD Southwest Environmental Health Professor, Department of Sciences Center; Director, Pharmacology, Physiology, Arizona Board of Regents and Toxicology, Joan C. Center for Toxicology, College of Edwards School of Medicine, Pharmacy, University of Arizona Marshall University

Nominees for Secretary/Treasurer

Alison Harrill, PhD Assistant Professor of Environmental and Occupational Health, Qin M. Chen, PhD Regulatory Sciences Program, Professor of Pharmacology, University of Arkansas for University of Arizona Medical Sciences

New Division Awards for 2015

Division for Toxicology Announces research by early career investigators in the area of Toxicology. The award is presented annually and Two New Awards consists of $500, a plaque, and complimentary The Division for Toxicology has announced two registration plus partial travel expenses (to a new awards to be presented at the ASPET Annual maximum of $500) for the winner to attend the Meeting at EB 2015. awards ceremony at the annual meeting. The The Junior Investigator Award will be presented primary criterion for the award is the excellence and to a member of ASPET who is within 15 years of originality of research conducted by the candidate in obtaining their highest degree and has made the field of toxicology. Selection will be made by the significant contributions to toxicology. The ASPET Executive Committee of the Division for Toxicology. Division for Toxicology Junior Investigator Award For more information, visit www.aspet.org/junior_ has been established to recognize excellent original investigator_award.

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The Career Investigator Award will be presented in Boston in March 2015. The award will recognize to an established investigator to recognize and honor a young investigator who is working in outstanding original research contributions in any area of neuropharmacology. The award is open toxicology. The award has been established to to early career stage investigators from all types of recognize outstanding original research contributions organizations, including academia, industry, private to toxicology by an established investigator. The or government institutes. award is presented annually and consists of $500, a An early career stage investigator is defined plaque, and complimentary registration plus partial as someone who at the time of nomination is travel expenses (to a maximum of $500) for the under 40 years of age or, if over 40 has been in an winner to attend the awards ceremony at the annual independent position for no more than 5 years. An meeting. The primary criterion for the award is the independent position is considered to be one that is level of excellence and originality of the research responsible for securing and administering their own conducted by the candidate in the field of toxicology budgets for research (traditionally a faculty position, during their career. Selection will be made by the or a team leader in a non-university setting). Executive Committee of the Division for Toxicology. The recipient will receive a plaque, free For more information, visit www.aspet.org/career_ registration to the EB meeting, up to $1000 to use investigator_award towards attending the subsequent meeting and become a member of that year’s program committee, Division for Neuropharmacology with the expectation that he/she will put together an Early Career Award Symposium, on a theme of his/ Announces the Early Career her choosing. Investigator Award For more information, visit www.aspet.org/NEU_ Early_Career_Investigator_Award. The Division for Neuropharmacology has announced an inaugural Early Career Investigator Award to be presented at the ASPET Annual Meeting

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 241 Chapter News

Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society 2014 Annual Meeting in Review

address neural defects in Alzheimer’s and Huntington’s diseases. Additional thematic invited speakers included Dr. John Pascal (Thomas Jefferson University), who employs structural biology to guide the search for specific inhibitors of PARP-1 function in DNA damage; Dr. Salim Merali (Temple University Moulder Center for Drug Discovery), who addressed the use of proteomics and metabolomics in drug discovery targeting polyamine synthesis/ catabolism; Dr. Beverly L. Davidson (Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia), who described repurposing studies to target lysosomal storage diseases in the CNS; and Dr. James Barrett (Drexel University College of Medicine), who Poster presentations at the MAPS chapter annual meeting. discussed the benefits of discovery strategies focused at Phase II, prior The Mid-Atlantic Pharmacology Society held to moving to Phase III. Two trainees, Dr. Takahiro its annual scientific meeting on Tuesday, October Sata (post doc at Temple University) and Richard 28, 2014 at Temple University School of Medicine. Carr (graduate student at Jefferson University) were Scientific presentations at the meeting and a selected from submitted abstracts to present their bioventure company panel discussion highlighted the research on “Improving Specificity of Epigenetic theme of “Drug Discovery Innovations.” Therapy through Combined Targeting of DNA Dr. Jeffrey Conn, the Lee E. Limbird Professor of and Histone Methylation” and “Development and Pharmacology and founding Director of the Program Characterization of Gs-biased Pepducins of the 2- in Translational Neuropharmacology and of the Adrenergic Receptor,” respectively. Vanderbilt Center for Neuroscience Drug Discovery A roundtable panel discussion on “Bioventure (Vanderbilt University), delivered the keynote address Approaches to Drug Discovery” was moderated by entitled “Allosteric Modulators of GPCRs as a Novel Dr. R. Kyle Palmer, co-founder and CSO of Operon Treatment of CNS Disorders.” Dr. Conn provided Biotech; other panelists included Dr. Susan Catalano, insight into the use of positive allosteric modulation co-founder and CSO, Cognition Therapeutics, Inc.; of M1/M4 muscarinic receptors as a strategy to Dr. F. Raymond Salemme, co-founder and President,

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Imiplex, LLC; and Dr. Huailing Zhong, co-founder and President, U-Pharm Laboratories LLC. In addition, 30 poster presentations were made by undergraduate, 2014 Great Lakes Chapter graduate student, and postdoctoral researchers, Annual Meeting Abstracts with awards given to “best in class” presentations at a wrap-up networking reception. The recipient of the George B. Koelle Award for 2014 was MAPS To access all abstracts presented at the 2014 Councilor Dr. Ellen A. Walker. Dr. Michael Holinstat GLC Annual Meeting held on June 13, 2014 in (Cardeza foundation, Thomas Jefferson University) North Chicago, please visit: www.aspet.org/ and Dr. Douglas Tilley (Temple University) take 2014_GLC_Abstracts on responsibilities as MAPS President and Vice- President, respectively, for 2015–2016.

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 243 2015 ASPET Member-Get-A-Member Participate Today!

Participate in the 2015 ASPET Member-Get-A-Member program, get a free ASPET Lunch Bag, and be entered into a raffl e to win a $150 Gift Card! Get Started Today!

 Tell a friend, colleague or student about the benefi ts of ASPET membership.  Encourage them to fi ll out an application form online at: www.aspet.org  Tell the applicant that they must enter your name in the “Sponsor Name/Email” fi eld on the application form.  Tell the applicant that they must enter the marketing code “MGM” in the fi eld that asks, “Where did you hear about By helping us ASPET?” recruit new members,  Once they are approved for membership you will be contributing to and their dues payment has been made, you will receive credit for your the growth and sustainability of recruitment eff orts. ASPET. A growing ASPET means For more information about this great recognition for the fi eld of program, visit www.aspet.org/member- pharmacology, more resources ship/member-get-a-member or contact the membership department at and support for our members, [email protected] or call and a louder voice with (301) 634-7060. policy makers.

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist

Full Page Ad for TPharm.indd 1 12/10/2014 12:30:24 PM 244 New Members

REGULAR MEMBERS Terry W. Moore Chun Xu Univ of Illinois at Chicago TTUHSC, TX Enguang Bi Baoxue Yang Cleveland Clinic Lerner Res Inst, OH Brian Murphy Univ of Illinois at Chicago Peking Univ Hlth Sci Ctr, China Joanna E. Burdette Univ of Illinois at Chicago Ferdinando Nicoletti Univ Sapienza of Roma, Italy Timothy J. Carlson POSTDOCTORAL MEMBERS Amgen, Inc, CA Xiaoda Niu Merck Res Labs, NJ Njotu L. Agbor Chia-Hsin Chan Univ of Iowa NY Steffi Oestrerreich Univ of Pittsburgh, PA Somsuvra Ghatak Pei-Ni Chen US Pharma Lab, NJ Chung Shan Med Univ, Taiwan Jimmy Orjala Coll of Pharmacy, Univ of Illinois at Saki Gotoh Xingguo Cheng Chicago Nat Inst of Environmental Health St. John’s Univ, NY Saoirse E. O’Sullivan Sci/NIH Carlo M. Croce Univ of Nottingham, UK Mai M. Helmy The Ohio State Univ Nagarekha Pasupuleti Alexandria Univ, Egypt Leonardo L. Dasso Univ of California-Davis Sadiq Umar St. George’s Univ Sch of Med, Przemyslaw Radwanski Washington State Univ Grenada The Ohio State Univ Coll of Yugandhar Vudhya Gowri Sankar Subrata Deb Pharmacy Nova Southeastern Univ, FL Coll of Pharmacy, Roosevelt Univ, IL Jennelle D. Richardson Zhichao Zhou Roderic G. Eckenhoff Indiana Univ Sch of Med West Virginia Univ Perelman Sch of Med at the Univ of Cristoforo Scavone Margaret A. Zimmerman Pennsylvania Univ of Sao Paulo, Brazil Tulane Univ, LA Michael J. Federle Orlando D. Scharer Univ of Illinois at Chicago Stony Brook Univ, NY Taben M. Hale Martina Schmidt GRADUATE STUDENT Univ of Arizona Univ of Groningen, Netherlands MEMBERS Seungpyo Hong Jessica C. Seeliger Muzaffar Abbas Univ of Illinois at Chicago Stony Brook Univ, NY South Dakota State Univ Peng Huang Mark Spaller Solomon A. Agere Mayo Clinic, FL Geisel Sch of Med at Dartmouth, NH Washington State Univ Ighodaro Igbe Raghava N. Sriramaneni Danish Ahmed Univ of Benin, Nigeria The Veritas Health Care SHIATS-Deemed Univ, India Swati Joshi-Barve Solutions LLC, IL Seun Ajiboye Univ of Louisville, KY William W. Stoops Johns Hopkins Univ Sch of Med, MD Rehana K. Leak Univ of Kentucky Farjana Akther Duquesne Univ Mylan Sch of Ken-Ichi Takemaru Univ of the Pacific, CA Pharmacy, PA Stony Brook Univ, NY Stephen H. Baine Rachel Linger Debra A. Tonetti Ohio State Univ Rocky Vista Univ, CO Univ of Illinois at Chicago Peter Bassett Alexander Mankin Jessica Whritenour Northern Arizona Univ Univ of Illinois at Chicago Pfizer Inc, CT Nathalie S. Butler Donald J. Messner Jing Wu Queen’s Univ, Canada Bastyr Univ, WA Vanderbilt Univ, KY Manuel Candelario California State Univ

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Joanne J. Carter Salome’ V. Ibba Jennifer E. Naylor Univ of Nottingham, UK LSU – Louisiana Cancer Univ of Mississippi Med Ctr Cassandre R. Cavanaugh Research Ctr Antoinette Nelson Drexel Univ Coll of Med, PA Lukman A. Jamil Rutgers Univ, NJ Ameneh Cheshmehkani Usmanu Danfodio Univ, Nigeria Steven Pittenger Mercer Univ, GA Kimberly A. Jett Univ of Nebraska-Lincoln Anne Cieniewicz Child & Family Research Institute, Ashley L. Pitzer Johns Hopkins Univ Sch of Med, MD Canada Virginia Commonwealth Univ Gabriella Composto Rhye-Samuel R. Kanassatega Kusma Pyakurel Rutgers Univ, NJ Western Univ of Health Sci, CA LSU Health Sci Ctr, LA Kalyn M. Conner Ajinkya S. Kawale Iman Saber Mercer Univ, GA Virginia Commonwealth Univ Temple Univ, PA Greg Cook Julie M. Lade Olufisayo Salako Oklahoma State Univ – Johns Hopkins Univ Sch of Med, MD Florida A&M Univ Ctr for Health Sci Benjamin J. Lieblong Joseph A. Santini Emmanuel Datan Univ of Arkansas for Med Sci Univ at Buffalo, NY Johns Hopkins Univ Sch of Med, MD Sanghee Lim Natalie E. Scholpa Sophia O. Ekeuku Boston Univ Sch of Med, MA Univ of Georgia UCSI Univ, Malaysia Kathryn E. Livingston Nicolas Senese Michael O. Erhunmwunse Univ of Michigan Univ of Michigan St. Philomena Catholic Hospital, Jacob P. Mahoney Stepfanie N. Siyumbwa Sch of Midwifery, Nigeria Univ of Michigan UCSI Univ, Malaysia Michael Fettiplace Arnault Massink Branden J. Stansley Univ of Illinois, Chicago LACDR, Netherlands Univ of Toledo Coll of Med, OH Julie E. Finnell Douglas M. McMillan Santosh V. Suryavanshi Univ of South Carolina Univ of Toronto, Canada Univ of Houston, TX Shaun M. Flax Anna G. McNally Julie-Anne Tanner American Univ, DC Univ of Pennsylvania Univ of Toronto, Canada Mary Francis Kathleen L. Metz Abdelmetalab F. Tarhuni Rutgers Univ, NJ Univ of the Pacific, CA Louisiana State Univ HSC Nicholas W. Griggs Jeremy T. Miyauchi Ramar Thangam Univ of Michigan SUNY Stony Brook, NY King Inst of Preventive Med & Steven R. Hall Angelo Moreno Research, India Dalhousie Univ, Canada NC Atif Towheed Lamia Harper Jamie E. Moscovitz Univ of Pittsburgh Sch of Med, PA New York Univ Rutgers Univ, NJ Neil Varshneya Katherine E. Henry Amreen Mughal VCU SOM, VA Emory Univ, GA North Dakota State Univ Alessandro Venosa Sara C. Humphreys Kanipandian Nagarajan Rutgers Univ, NJ Washington State Univ Bharathidasan Univ, India Jeffrey Wang Ranga Santosh Raghu Mohan Narla LSU Health Sci Ctr New Orleans, LA Long Island Univ, NY Zohar Weinstein Boston Univ Sch of Med, MA Lauren Wendt Are you not receiving ASPET emails? Be sure to add Griffith Univ, Australia us to your address book or safe sender list! Whitelist Chen-Shan Woodcock our sending email addresses [email protected] Univ of Pittsburgh, Sch of Med, PA and [email protected] so our emails get Hongmin Wu to your inbox. If you have any questions, email us at Seoul National Univ, South Korea [email protected]. Menglu Yuan Univ of California, Irvine

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 246

UNDERGRADUATE Sally Kim Sureeporn Smith MEMBERS Rutgers Univ, NJ California State Univ-Northridge Rachel Bigos Andrew C. Li Sanika Tolia Ernest Mario Sch of Pharmacy at California State Univ-LA Benedictine Univ, IL Rutgers Univ, PA Lucy Lin Henry J. Velasco Steven P. Bodine Rutgers, Univ, NJ California State Univ NIH, MD Evelyn J. Macedo Nicholas E. Wojtynek Willie E. Carter California State Univ Saint Mary’s Univ of Minnesota Northern Illinois Univ, IL Olivia T. Nguyen Brenda W. Yuan Natalia Chavez Cisneros Texas Southern Univ NJ CA Zuliat Owoade Carolyn Zhu Troy A. Davis Smith Coll, MS Rutgers Univ, NJ Univ of Michigan Shreyas Ramani Gabriela Ziomek Louben Dorval Univ of Michigan Univ of British Columbia, Canada Nova Southeastern Univ Sarah Mae R. Rogado Sneha Gupta Rutgers Univ, NJ Washington & Jefferson Coll, PA

2015 Membership Renewal In Sympathy ASPET notes with ASPET is pleased to announce there is no dues increase for the sympathy the passing of the FOURTH year in a row! Take advantage of this great benefit following members: and renew today. Remember: if you are one of the first 1,000 members to renew, you will be entered into a drawing to win a Dr. Keith H. Byington $150 VISA gift card. We wish you all good luck and thank you for Dr. Steven R. Goldberg Dr. Ed Keenan your valued support! Dr. John D. Leander Dr. Jean M. Marshall

The Pharmacologist • December 2014 247

Upcoming Meetings & Congresses

January 2015 AMSPC Ann. Mtg. Hybrid Methods in Structural Biology www.amspc.org/annual-meetings/ https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. Immunology of Fungal Infections Feb. 4–8, St. Kitts, Caribbean cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=14930 =1285 Jan. 18–23, Galveston, TX Antibodies as Drugs: Immunological Mar. 4–8, Tahoe City, CA Scaffolds as Therapeutics PI 3-Kinase Signaling Pathways https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. ENDO 2015 in Disease cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid http://www.endocrine.org/endo-2015 https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. =1332 Mar. 5–8, San Diego, CA cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid Feb. 8–13, Banff, Alberta, Canada =1310 Soc. for Brain Mapping & Therapeutics Jan. 13–18, Vancouver, BC, Canada Systems Biology of Lipid Metabolism http://www.worldbrainmapping.org/ https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. Mar. 6–8, Los Angeles, CA Integrating Metabolism and cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid Tumor Biology =1281 European College of https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. Feb. 9–13, Breckenridge, CO Neuropsychopharmacology (ECNP) cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid ECNP Workshop on =1312 Exploring the Intersection of Stem Cell Neuropsychopharmacology for Young Jan. 13–18, Vancouver, BC, Canada & Cancer Biology Scientists in Europe www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=17096 Mar. 12–15, Nice, France Epigenetics and Cancer Feb. 14–15, Ventura, CA https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. Pathways of Neurodevelopmental cfm?e=web.Meeting Glycans as Mediators of Interactions Disorders Program&meetingid=1315 between Molecules, Cells & Organisms https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. Jan. 25–30, Keystone, CO www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=15615 cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid Feb. 28–Mar 1, Lucca, Italy =1359 Neuroinflammation in Diseases of the Mar. 16–20, Tahoe City, CA Central Nervous System https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. March 2015 9th World Immune Regulation Mtg. cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid Gut Microbiota Modulation of Host http://www.wirm.ch/ =1358 Mar. 18–21, Davos, Switzerland Jan. 25–30, Taos, NM Physiology: The Search for Mechanism https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. 54th Ann. Mtg. of the Soc. of Toxicology New Frontiers in GPCR Signaling: From cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid http://www.toxicology.org/ai/meet/am.asp Biased Agonism to Disease Progression =1342 Mar. 22–26, San Diego, CA www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=14785 Mar. 1–6, Keystone, CO Jan. 31–Feb 1, Ventura, CA Heart Disease & Regeneration: Cartilage Biology & Pathology Insights from Development https://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=13111 Mar. 22–27, Galveston, TX February 2015 https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid Connecting G Protein-Coupled Receptor Experimental Biology 2015 =1319 Mechanisms to Physiological Functions Mar. 1–6, Copper Mountain, CO http://experimentalbiology.org/2015/Home. www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=11687 aspx Feb. 1–6, Ventura, CA Mar. 28–Apr. 1, Boston, MA Amer. Soc. for Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics ACNS Ann. Mtg. http://www.ascpt.org/ASCPT-2015-Annual- http://www.acns.org/meetings/annual- Meeting April 2015 meeting-and-courses/2015 Mar. 3–7, New Orleans, LA BNA2015: Festival of Neuroscience Feb. 3–8, Houston, TX http://www.bna.org.uk/events/?page=2 Apr. 12–15, Edinburgh, UK

December 2014 • The Pharmacologist 248

Amer. Assn. for Cancer Res, Hypoxia: From Basic Mechanisms 75th Scientific Sessions Mtg. of the Amer. http://www.aacr.org/Meetings/Pages/ to Therapeutics Diabetes Assn. MeetingDetail.aspx?EventItemID https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. http://professional.diabetes.org/Congress_ =25&DetailItemID=156#.VFETHxabE7A cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid Display.aspx?TYP=9&CID=95010 Apr. 18–22, Philadelphia, PA =1323 June 5–9, Boston, MA May 12–17, Dublin, Ireland 17th Int’l Neuroscience Winter Conf. MicroRNAs & Noncoding RNAs in Cancer https://www.regonline.com/Register/ Digestive Disease Week 2015 https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. Checkin.aspx?EventID=1579592 http://www.ddw.org/ cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid Apr. 7–11, 2014, Sölden, Austria May 16–19, Washington, DC =1316 June 7–12, Keystone, CO The Crossroads of Lipid Metabolism ASCEPT-BPS Joint Scientific Mtg. & Diabetes http://ascept-bps2015.com/?_ Apoptotic Cell Recognition & Clearance: https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index.cfm cldee=a3NAYnBzLmFjLnVr&urlid=1 Responses to Apoptotic Cells Leading to ?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid=1317 May 19–21, Hong Kong, China Inflammatory Resolution & Pathogenesis Apr. 19–24, Copenhagen, Denmark https://www.grc.org/programs. Int’l Behavioural & Neurogenetics Soc. aspx?id=14625 Mechanisms of Pro-Inflammatory Ann. Mtgs. June 13–14, Biddeford, ME Diseases http://www.ibangs.com/ https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. May 19–23, Uppsala, Sweden Apoptotic Cell Recognition & Clearance: cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid Physiological Significance & Pathological =1334 Canadian Pain Soc. Ann. Mtg. Consequence Apr. 19–24, Olympic Valley, CA http://www.canadianpainsociety.ca/en/ https://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=13127 meetings_cps.html June 14–19, Biddeford, ME The Human Proteome May 20–23, 2013, Charlottetown, Prince https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. Edward Island, Canada DIA 2015 cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid http://www.diahome.org/en-US/Flagship- =1259 Cannabinoid Function in the CNS (GRS): Meetings/DIA-Annual-Meeting/About-the- Apr. 24–29, Stockholm, Sweden Endocannabinoid Signaling in Conference.aspx Neurobiology: From Molecules to June 14–18, Washington, DC BPS Focussed Mtg.: Exploiting the Networks New Pharmacology & Application to Drug https://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=14641 Autophagy Discovery May 23–24, Lucca, Italy https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. http://www.bps.ac.uk/meetings/ cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid NewPharmaDrugDiscovery Cannabinoid Function in the CNS: =1322 Apr. 20–21, Edinburgh, UK From Molecules to Disease Mechanisms June 19–24, Breckenridge, CO https://www.grc.org/programs.aspx?id=14641 Mechanisms of HIV Persistence: May 24–29, Lucca, Italy Animal-Microbe Symbioses: Identifying Implications for a Cure the Common Language of Host-Microbe https://www.keystonesymposia.org/index. Assn. for Psychological Science Ann. Mtg. Associations cfm?e=web.Meeting.Program&meetingid http://www.psychologicalscience.org/index. https://www.grc.org/programs. =1345 php/convention#.VFFSwmctCUk aspx?id=16842 Apr. 26–May 1, Boston, MA May 21–24, New York City, NY June 21–26, Waterville Valley, NH

Amer. Soc. for Microbiology Ann. Mtg. 4th Regional “Stress & Behavior” May 2015 http://gm.asm.org/ Neuroscience & Biopsychiatry Conf. ARVO Ann. Mtg. May 30–June 02, New Orleans, LA http://www.stressandbehavior.com/ PDF/2014/Conference_announcement%20 http://www.arvo.org/Annual_Meeting/ May 3–7, Denver, CO ISBS%202015%20Miami.pdf June 2015 June 22–24, Miami, FL Ann. APHMG Workshop & Special Interest 24th Ann. Mtg. of the Int’l Behavioral Int’l Soc. for Stem Cell Res. Groups Mtg. Neuroscience Soc. http://www.isscr.org/home/annual-meeting/ http://www.aphmg.org/#!2015-workshop/ http://www.ibnsconnect.org/?page=2015_ isscr2015 c1n4f Meeting May 6–8, Clearwater, FL June 2–7, Victoria, British Columbia, June 24–27, Stockholm, Sweden Canada AAI Ann. Mtg. http://aai.org/meetings/index.html May 8–12, New Orleans, LA

The Pharmacologist • December 2014