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English, Chinglish E China English Proposta Di Traduzione E Commento Di Tre Articoli Sull’Inglese in Cina

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English, Chinglish E China English Proposta Di Traduzione E Commento Di Tre Articoli Sull’Inglese in Cina Corso di Laurea Magistrale in Interpretariato e Traduzione editoriale, settoriale English, Chinglish e China English Proposta di traduzione e commento di tre articoli sull’inglese in Cina Relatore Prof.ssa Bianca Basciano Correlatore Prof. Paolo Magagnin Laureanda Annamaria Zaza Matricola 988716 Anno Accademico 2016/2017 A te, che ovunque proteggi 2 Indice Premise..............................................................................................................................6 Abstract.............................................................................................................................6 摘要...................................................................................................................................8 Prefazione..........................................................................................................................9 CAPITOLO UNO: ENGLISH, CHINGLISH E CHINA ENGLISH........................12 1. L’inglese come lingua globale...........................................................................13 1.1 Cause storiche e socio-culturali della diffusione dell’inglese nel mondo....21 1.1.1 I motivi storici..............................................................................22 1.1.2 I motivi socio-culturali.................................................................25 1.2 Le varietà d’inglese nel mondo.....................................................................29 1.2.1 Old Englishes, New Englishes, Pidgin, Creoles, Hybrids… China English & Chinglish.....................................................................30 1.3 Think global, act local: l’inglese ai tempi della glob(c)alizzazione.............34 2. L’inglese in Cina…............................................................................................36 2.1 China English vs Chinglish..........................................................................40 2.2 Il China English............................................................................................44 2.3 Le caratteristiche del China English.............................................................48 2.3.1 Fonetica e fonologia.....................................................................48 2.3.2 Lessico..........................................................................................49 2.3.3 Grammatica e sintassi..................................................................52 2.3.4 Pragmatica e stile del discorso.....................................................55 3. Il Chinglish.........................................................................................................56 3.1 Le radici del Chinglish..................................................................................59 3.2 Le cause del Chinglish..................................................................................61 3.3 Errori comuni ed esempi concreti di Chinglish............................................64 3.4 Preservarlo o sradicarlo?...............................................................................73 4. Osservazioni conclusive.....................................................................................77 CAPITOLO DUE: PROPOSTE DI TRADUZIONE...............................................80 1. Il Chinglish..........................................................................................................81 2. Le caratteristiche del Chinglish...........................................................................92 3. Le interferenze del cinese sull’inglese: China English e Chinglish, due varietà a confronto............................................................................................................107 CAPITOLO TRE: COMMENTO TRADUTTOLOGICO.....................................117 1. Introduzione ai commenti..................................................................................118 1.1 Tradurre: una visione d’insieme.................................................................118 3 1.2 Proposte di traduzione: una visione d’insieme...........................................121 1.3 ‘Dire quasi la stessa cosa’...........................................................................122 2. Introduzione ai testi tradotti...............................................................................124 2.1 Il Chinglish.................................................................................................126 2.1.1 Tipologia testuale......................................................................126 2.1.2 Il lettore modello.......................................................................128 2.1.3 La dominante.............................................................................130 2.1.4 La macrostrategia traduttiva......................................................132 2.2 Introduzione alle microstrategie..................................................................134 2.2.1 Fattori lessicali: nomi propri, di persona e toponomi...............135 2.2.2 Realia e termini stranieri............................................................137 2.2.3 Espressioni idiomatiche.............................................................141 2.2.4 Fattori grammaticali: ipotassi, paratassi e interventi sulla sintassi.......................................................................................146 2.2.5 Connettività e verbi...................................................................150 2.2.6 Punteggiatura.............................................................................154 2.2.7 Fattori testuali: struttura tematica e flusso informativo............157 2.2.8 Confronto tra testo fonte e testo di arrivo..................................159 2.2.9 Intertestualità.............................................................................166 3. Le caratteristiche del Chinglish......................................................................167 3.1 Tipologia testuale e funzione comunicativa................................................167 3.2 Il lettore modello.........................................................................................168 3.3 La dominante e la macrostrategia testuale...................................................169 3.4 Microstrategie..............................................................................................171 3.4.1 Fattori lessicali: lessico tecnico...............................................171 3.4.2 Lessico straniero......................................................................176 3.4.3 Espressioni culturospecifiche..................................................177 3.4.4 Fattori grammaticali: ipotassi, paratassi e interventi sulla sintassi......................................................................................178 3.4.5 Perdite, compensazioni e miglioramenti al testo.....................184 3.4.6 Coesione e coerenza.................................................................187 3.4.7 Verbi, nominalizzazione e aspetti morfosintattici...................189 3.4.8 Punteggiatura...........................................................................191 4. Le interferenze del cinese sull’inglese: China English e Chinglish, due varietà a confronto...........................................................................................193 4.1 Tipologia testuale e funzione comunicativa................................................193 4.2 Il lettore modello.........................................................................................195 4.3 La dominante...............................................................................................196 4.4 La macrostrategia testuale...........................................................................197 4.5 Microstrategie traduttive.............................................................................197 4.5.1 Fattori lessicali: lessico tecnico...............................................198 4.5.2 Lessico straniero......................................................................198 4.5.3 Espressioni idiomatiche...........................................................200 4 4.5.4 Fattori grammaticali: connettività, paratassi, ipotassi e interventi sulla sintassi.............................................................................201 4.5.5 Tendenze deformanti: esplicitazioni ed estensioni....................209 4.5.6 Verbi e punteggiatura.................................................................211 Conclusioni....................................................................................................................216 Glossario........................................................................................................................219 Bibliografia……………………………………………………………………………223 Dizionari e sitografia………………………………………………………………….233 5 Premise “English belongs to any country that uses it […]. English belongs to the world and every nation which uses it, even if it does so with a different tone, colour, and quality.” (Smith 1983: 1) From an historical perspective, due to the growth and the expansion of the British Empire through many countries between the 17th and 20th century and the subsequent spread of the English language, many non-native English speaker nations adopted it as official language or second language through the country’s leading institutions, in the field of politics, mass-media, schools and higher education, bureaucracy, etc. or as a neutral vehicle of communication, in other
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