DOCSLIB.ORG

A Tentative Study on Lexical Characteristics of China English

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Tentative Study on Lexical Characteristics of China English International Conference on Arts, Economics and Literature (ICAEL'2012) December 14-15, 2012 Singapore A Tentative Study on Lexical Characteristics of China English ZHOU Ying culture there is western style, while English in the Outer Circle Abstract—With its global spread，English has gradually is greatly influenced by local languages and bears non-western changing its role to serve the purpose of international cultures. The Extending Circle covers a large part of the world communication. A new concept of “Egnlishes” has come into with various cultural backgrounds. It is also where the western existence to refer to different English varieties in non-native speaking culture meets the eastern culture. The development of English countries. China is not free from the influence of the global spread of English. The nativized form of English in Chinese cultural context, in non-native speaking countries has inevitably attached local which is termed as China English, turns out to be inevitable and features to the language, due to its use in different cultural necessary to serve the purpose of international communication. After settings. The localized or nativized forms of English have introducing the concept of “China English”, this paper focuses on the become essential parts of those countries in their characteristics of China English at the lexical level. The author communication with the outside world. categorizes China English vocabulary into two parts, that is borrowed China is not free from the influence of the global spread of words and nativized expressions, with a closer look respectively, then analyzes the semantic changes of these words used in Chinese English. The nativized form of English in Chinese cultural context, and in the last part discusses some problems concerning context, which is termed as China English, turns out to be China English vocabulary. inevitable and necessary[3]. China English serves as a bridge between China and the rest of the world and promote the Keywords—borrowed, China English, Englishes, lexical international exchange; it enriches the ways of expression of characteristics, nativzed the English language and contributes to the development of English as an international language. Studying the proper use I. INTRODUCTION—WORLD ENGLISHES AND CHINA ENGLISH of China English helps the Chinese get better understood by ITH it global spread, the English language today is no the rest of the world. Since words are the most active part and W longer limited to British or American English, but has the basic elements of a language and they best reflect the gradually changing its role to serve the purpose of culture of the people who use it, the most salient international communication. The traditional concept of characteristics of China English present in its lexis. English is facing an unprecedented challenge. Many new names were given to it such as an international language, a II. LEXICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF CHINA ENGLISH global language and a lingua franca[1], which established the The lexical feature of China English refers to the status of English in world communication. The word vocabulary expressing things unique to China and reflecting “English” also gained its plural form and the last twenty years the Chinese way of thinking. According to Li Wenzhong, the or so have seen a rapid growth of interest in the study of vocabulary of China English contains two parts: one is “World Englishes”, a new linguistic theory focusing on the Chinese borrowings or loan words already absorbed into English varieties used in different parts of the world, English dictionaries home and abroad and widely used in especially in non-native speaking countries. English speaking countries, and the other is those that haven’t The most influential theoretical model—the Three been collected in English dictionaries but used in international Concentric Circles of English, best describes the global publicity, tourism and foreign affairs, expressing the situation of the English languages. The Inner Circle covers the uniqueness of Chinese nation and culture[4]. least population and English in its countries, as the mother A. Borrowed Words tongue, is obtained by natural acquisition and functions in all- Intercultural communication leads to the blend of language round fields. The Outer Circle includes the non-native and culture. Linguistic borrowing embodies the main varieties of English used as a second language. The third and characteristics of the intercultural blend. Borrowing is a the largest circle, the Extending Circle, covers the regions natural process of language change whereby one language where English is used as a foreign language[2]. English in the adds new words to its own lexis by copying those words from Inner Circle is hardly influenced by other languages and the another language[5]. The words borrowed are called loan words or borrowings. One of the initial reasons for borrowing Ying Zhou is with Shanghai University of Enginneering Science, is when one language has semantic gaps in its lexis and needs Shanghai, CO 200336 CHINA (phone: 86-13761627584; fax: 86-21- to borrow a term to express the necessary idea or concept[5]. 62750055*308; e-mail:[email protected]). Therefore, borrowing is a result of language contact and thus a 117 International Conference on Arts, Economics and Literature (ICAEL'2012) December 14-15, 2012 Singapore result of culture contact. According to studies of doufu/tofu 豆腐 sociolinguists, frequently borrowed are brand names, place Cheongsam/Qipao 旗袍 names, greetings, sayings and slang expressions. The types of (5) About botany borrowed words tend to be related to the culture behind the litchi 荔枝 donor language, because the more culturally bound an item, ginseng 人参 the less likely the possibility of a ready synonym in the other longan 龙眼 language. (6) About measurement The Chinese borrowings in English can be traced back to jin 斤 the 17th century. With the opening of the Silk Road, words yuan 元 expressing things unique to China made their way into English Loan translation vocabulary mainly through transliteration and loan translation. Loan translation is defined by Bloomfield as a form of Garland Cannon estimated that Chinese borrowings collected borrowing from one language to another whereby the semantic in the English standard dictionaries and other books had components of a given term are literally translated into their amounted to no less than 979 by the middle of 1970s[6]. The equivalents in the borrowing language[5]. In this case, a main feature of those Chinese borrowings is their uniqueness foreign concept is borrowed and a native term used to express and irreplaceability. Unlike the French borrowings, which it. The native word has no phonological similarities to the offer a large number of synonyms to English vocabulary and foreign word. Cannon collected 49 Chinese loan translations are sometimes complained as the burden of English, Chinese in his article Chinese Borrowings in English in the 1980s[7]. borrowings are irreplaceable because of their lack of English Examples: equivalences. (1)About traditional literature 1. Ways of borrowing Four Books 四书 Fantini recognizes two levels of borrowing—“pure Five Classics 五经 borrowing”, where the word retains all its native features, Analects of Confucius 论语 and “adjusted borrowing”, where the word adapts to the (2) About politics 大跃进 structural criteria of the host language[5]. Generally speaking, Great Leap Forward 长征 Chinese borrowings in English consist of three parts in ways Long March 全国人大 of transliteration (which approximates to the idea of pure National People’s Congress (NPC) borrowing), loan translation and the combination of both (3) About food and cuisine 莲子 (which can be regarded as equal to adjusted borrowing). lotus seeds 燕窝 Transliteration bird’s nest 醉虾 Transliterated words are phonetically similar to the donor drunken shrimp language form and the borrowing language form. They are (4) About history 战国 used in the borrowing language with the closest possible Warring States 天子 sounds and the closest possible meanings to the original Son of Heaven 龙袍 words. Transliteration is the most commonly used method to dragon robes translate proper nouns especially geographical names and (5) Others 纸老虎 people’s names. It is also the easiest and the best way to paper tiger 封建迷信 bridge lexical gaps in intercultural communication. Here are feudal superstition 丢脸 some examples of Chinese borrowings in English，which are lose face 工分 basically from Putonghua and Cantonese dialect. work point (1)About history and culture Combination of transliteration and loan translation xiucai 秀才 The combined way of transliteration and load translation yamen 衙门 incorporates the linguistic elements of both languages. This kowtow 叩，磕头 kind of borrowing has greatly enriched the English (2)About geomancy and philosophy expressions. fengshui 风水 Examples: yin and yang 阴阳 teacake 茶点 (3) About recreation and sports Beijing opera 京剧 erhu 二胡 Confucianism 孔子 /儒家学说 wushu 武术 Taoism 道家学说 tai chi 太极拳 Maoist 毛泽东思想追随者 mahjong 麻将 (4) About food, drink and clothing 2. Channels of Borrowing baozi 包子 Katamba distinguishes between direct and indirect ketchup 番茄酱 borrowing[5]. Indirect borrowing is when language B receives chowmein 炒面 a loan word from language A by way of languages C, D, E, 118 International Conference on Arts, Economics and Literature (ICAEL'2012) December 14-15, 2012 Singapore etc. Direct borrowing occurs when the borrowing is According to the textual research, “fuyun”
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Chinglish: an Emerging New Variety of English Language?
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE Vol 4. No. 1 Mar 2009 Journal of Cambridge Studies 28 provided by Apollo Chinglish: an Emerging New Variety of English Language? ∗ You WANG PhD Candidate, Centre for Language and Language Education, Central China Normal University School of Foreign Languages and Research Centre for Languages and Literature, Jianghan University ABSTRACT: English, as a global language, is learned and used in China to fulfil the needs of international communication. In the non-Anglo-American sociocultural context, English language is in constant contact with the local language, Chinese. The contact gives birth to Chinglish, which is based on and shares its core grammar and vocabulary with British English. This paper investigates and tries to offer answers to the following two questions: 1. To what extent can Chinglish be tolerated in China? 2. Could Chinglish be a new variety of English language? KEY WORDS: Chinglish, Standard varieties of English, Non-native varieties of English INTRODUCTION For a long time, studies and learning of English in China have been focused on native-speaker Englishes, especially British English, and little attention has been paid to non-native varieties of English. At the times when non-native varieties were mentioned, it was often for the purpose of pointing out their deviances from Standard English. However, the status of English language in the world today is no longer what it used to be like. It is a property of the world, not only belonging to native-speakers, but to all speakers of English worldwide.
    [Show full text]
  • Researcher 2015;7(8)
    Researcher 2015;7(8) http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher “JANGLISH” IS CHEMMOZHI?...(“RAMANUJAM LANGUAGE”) M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. M.Arulmani, B.E. V.R.Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil. (Engineer) (Biologist) [email protected] [email protected] Abstract: Presently there are thousands of languages exist across the world. “ENGLISH” is considered as dominant language of International business and global communication through influence of global media. If so who is the “linguistics Ancestor” of “ENGLISH?”...This scientific research focus that “ANGLISH” (universal language) shall be considered as the Divine and universal language originated from single origin. ANGLISH shall also be considered as Ethical language of “Devas populations” (Angel race) who lived in MARS PLANET (also called by author as EZHEM) in the early universe say 5,00,000 years ago. Janglish shall be considered as the SOUL (mother nature) of ANGLISH. [M. Arulmani, B.E.; V.R. Hema Latha, M.A., M.Sc., M. Phil. “JANGLISH” IS CHEMMOZHI?...(“RAMANUJAM LANGUAGE”). Researcher 2015;7(8):32-37]. (ISSN: 1553-9865). http://www.sciencepub.net/researcher. 7 Keywords: ENGLISH; dominant language; international business; global communication; global media; linguistics Ancestor; ANGLISH” (universal language) Presently there are thousands of languages exist and universal language originated from single origin. across the world. “ENGLISH” is considered as ANGLISH shall also be considered as Ethical dominant language of International business and global language of “Devas populations” (Angel race) who communication through influence of global media. If lived in MARS PLANET (also called by author as so who is the “linguistics Ancestor” of EZHEM) in the early universe say 5,00,000 years ago.
    [Show full text]
  • Pamapla 36 Acalpa 36
    PAMAPLA 36 PAPERS FROM THE 36TH ANNUAL MEETING OF THE ATLANTIC PROVINCES LINGUISTIC ASSOCIATION Saint Mary’s University, Halifax, Nova Scotia November 2-3, 2012 ACALPA 36 ACTES DU 36E COLLOQUE ANNUEL DE L’ASSOCIATION DE LINGUISTIQUE DES PROVINCES ATLANTIQUES Université Saint Mary’s, Halifax, Nouvelle-Écosse 2-3 novembre 2012 EDITED BY / RÉDACTION EGOR TSEDRYK © 2013 by individual authors of the papers © 2013 Auteures et auteurs des communications Papers from the 36th Annual Meeting of the Atlantic Provinces Linguistic Association, Volume 36 Actes du 36e Collogue annuel de l’association de linguistique des provinces atlantiques, v. 36 Legal deposit / Depôt legal: 2015 Library and Archives Canada Bibliothèque et Archives Canada ISSN: 2368-7215 TABLE OF CONTENTS / TABLE DES MATIÈRES EGOR TSEDRYK, Saint Mary’s University About APLA/ALPA 36..............................................................................................................1 PHILIP AGADAGBA, University of Regina La question de la motivation ambiguë dans la création de vocabulaires gastronomiques français .......................................................................................................................................3 PATRICIA BALCOM, Université de Moncton Les apprenants utilisent cet ordre souvent: Early stages in the acquisition of adverb placement and negation in L2 French ......................................................................................11 ELIZABETH COWPER, University of Toronto The rise of featural modality in English ..................................................................................23
    [Show full text]
  • Languages of New York State Is Designed As a Resource for All Education Professionals, but with Particular Consideration to Those Who Work with Bilingual1 Students
    TTHE LLANGUAGES OF NNEW YYORK SSTATE:: A CUNY-NYSIEB GUIDE FOR EDUCATORS LUISANGELYN MOLINA, GRADE 9 ALEXANDER FFUNK This guide was developed by CUNY-NYSIEB, a collaborative project of the Research Institute for the Study of Language in Urban Society (RISLUS) and the Ph.D. Program in Urban Education at the Graduate Center, The City University of New York, and funded by the New York State Education Department. The guide was written under the direction of CUNY-NYSIEB's Project Director, Nelson Flores, and the Principal Investigators of the project: Ricardo Otheguy, Ofelia García and Kate Menken. For more information about CUNY-NYSIEB, visit www.cuny-nysieb.org. Published in 2012 by CUNY-NYSIEB, The Graduate Center, The City University of New York, 365 Fifth Avenue, NY, NY 10016. [email protected]. ABOUT THE AUTHOR Alexander Funk has a Bachelor of Arts in music and English from Yale University, and is a doctoral student in linguistics at the CUNY Graduate Center, where his theoretical research focuses on the semantics and syntax of a phenomenon known as ‘non-intersective modification.’ He has taught for several years in the Department of English at Hunter College and the Department of Linguistics and Communications Disorders at Queens College, and has served on the research staff for the Long-Term English Language Learner Project headed by Kate Menken, as well as on the development team for CUNY’s nascent Institute for Language Education in Transcultural Context. Prior to his graduate studies, Mr. Funk worked for nearly a decade in education: as an ESL instructor and teacher trainer in New York City, and as a gym, math and English teacher in Barcelona.
    [Show full text]
  • ALMEIDA JACQUELINE TORIBIO Professor of Linguistics the University of Texas at Austin Email: [email protected]
    ALMEIDA JACQUELINE TORIBIO Professor of Linguistics The University of Texas at Austin Email: [email protected] EDUCATION Ph.D., Linguistics, Cornell University, 1993 M.A., Linguistics & Cognitive Science, Brandeis University, 1987 B.A., French and Psychology, Cornell University, 1985 APPOINTMENTS Professor of Linguistics, Department of Spanish & Portuguese, The University of Texas at Austin, 2009-present Director, Mellon Mays Undergraduate Fellowship Program, 2017-present Affiliated faculty: Lozano Long Institute for Latin American Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, 2009-present Affiliated faculty: Department of African and African Diaspora Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, 2011-present Affiliated faculty: Warfield Center for African and African-American Studies, The University of Texas at Austin, 2009-present Professor of Linguistics, Linguistic Society of America Summer Institute, 2011 Professor of Linguistics, The Department of Spanish, Italian, & Portuguese, The Pennsylvania State University, 1999-2009 Professor of Linguistics, Department of Spanish & Portuguese, The University of California at Santa Barbara, 1993-1999 Visiting Scholar, Department of Linguistics & Philosophy, Massachusetts Institute of Technology RESEARCH AREAS Disciplines: Linguistics Major fields: corpus linguistics; structural linguistics; sociolinguistics Interests: language contact; language and social identity I. RESEARCH AND SCHOLARLY PRODUCTS BOOKS AND WEB-BASED PRODUCTS 1. Bullock, Barbara E. & Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline. 2012. The Spanish in Texas Corpus Project. COERLL, The University of Texas at Austin. http://www.spanishintexas.org 2. Bullock, Barbara E. & Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline (eds.). 2009. The Cambridge Handbook of Linguistic Code-switching. Cambridge University Press. REFEREED JOURNAL PUBLICATIONS 1. Bullock, Barbara E.; Larsen Serigos, Jacqueline & Toribio, Almeida Jacqueline. Accepted. The use of loan translations and its consequences in an oral bilingual corpus.
    [Show full text]
  • Perceptions of Native and Nonnative Speakers and Observational Analysis of “Divergent” Japanese Language Teachers in Context
    Perceptions of Native and Nonnative Speakers and Observational Analysis of “Divergent” Japanese Language Teachers in Context DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Shinsuke Tsuchiya, M.A. Graduate Program in East Asian Languages and Literatures The Ohio State University 2016 Dissertation Committee: Charles Quinn, Ph.D., Advisor Mari Noda, Ph.D. Keiko Samimy, Ph.D. Copyright by Shinsuke Tsuchiya 2016 Abstract This dissertation explores the construction and effects of the notion of “native speaker,” on teachers, mostly graduate teaching associates, in a Japanese language program at a large university in the American midwest. Specifically, it attempts to answer the following two research questions: (1) How do language teachers and students of Japanese in this program perceive native and nonnative language teachers? and (2) How does the iconic construct of “native speaker” affect the language teachers of Japanese in this study? To answer these research questions, both quantitative and qualitative data have been collected from teachers and students of Japanese, and for the purpose of comparison, Chinese, using a triangulation approach that combines survey questionnaires (N=593) with interviews (10 hours of audio recordings) and observations (80 hours of video recordings). Prior research has described the unique challenges that nonnative-speaking teachers face as language teachers (e.g., Braine, 1999). In support of struggling nonnative-speaking language teachers, researchers have noted their advantageous characteristics as well as ways they can contribute as language professionals, owing to their unique backgrounds (e.g., Abe & Yokoyama, 1990; Benke & Medgyes, 2006; Sukle, 1977).
    [Show full text]
  • Anna Enarsson New Blends in the English Language Engelska C
    Estetisk-filosofiska fakulteten Anna Enarsson New Blends in the English Language Engelska C-uppsats Termin: Höstterminen 2006 Handledare: Michael Wherrity Karlstads universitet 651 88 Karlstad Tfn 054-700 10 00 Fax 054-700 14 60 [email protected] www.kau.se Titel: New Blends in the English Language Författare: Anna Enarsson Antal sidor: 29 Abstract: The aim of this essay was to identify new blends that have entered the English language. Firstly six different word-formation processes, including blending, was described. Those were compounding, clipping, backformation, acronyming, derivation and blending. The investigation was done by using a list of blends from Wikipedia. The words were looked up in the Longman dictionary of 2005 and in a dictionary online. A google search and a corpus investigation were also conducted. The investigation suggested that most of the blends were made by clipping and the second most common form was clipping and overlapping. Blends with only overlapping was unusual and accounted for only three percent. The investigation also suggested that the most common way to create blends by clipping was to use the first part of the first word and the last part of the second word. The blends were not only investigated according to their structure but also according to the domains they occur in. This part of the investigation suggested that the blends were most frequent in the technical domain, but also in the domain of society. Table of contents 1. Introduction and aims..........................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • Учебно-Методический Комплект Enjoy English / «Английский С
    УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2Англ–92 Б59 Аудиоприложение доступно на сайте росучебник.рф/audio Учебно-методический комплект Enjoy English / «Английский с удовольствием» для 11 класса состоит из следующих компонентов: • учебника • книги для учителя • рабочей тетради • аудиоприложения Биболетова, М. З. Б59 Английский язык : базовый уровень : 11 класс : учебник для об- щеобразовательных организаций / М. З. Биболетова, Е. Е. Бабушис, Н. Д. Снежко. — 5-е изд., стереотип. — М. : Дрофа, 2020. — 214, [2] с. : ил. — (Российский учебник : Enjoy English /«Английский с удоволь- ствием»). ISBN 978-5-358-23134-4 Учебно-методический комплект Enjoy English / «Английский с удовольствием» (11 класс) является частью учебного курса Enjoy English / «Английский с удоволь- ствием» для 2—11 классов общеобразовательных организаций. Учебник состоит из четырех разделов, каждый из которых рассчитан на одну учебную четверть. Разделы завершаются проверочными заданиями (Progress Check), позволяющими оценить достигнутый школьниками уровень овладения языком. Учебник обеспечивает подготовку к итоговой аттестации по английскому языку, предусмотренной для выпускников средней школы. Учебник соответствует Федеральному государственному образовательному стандарту среднего общего образования. УДК 373.167.1:811.111 ББК 81.2Англ–92 © Биболетова М. З., Бабушис Е. Е., Снежко Н. Д., 2015 © ООО «ДРОФА», 2016 ISBN 978-5-358-23134-4 © ООО «ДРОФА», 2019, с изменениями CONTENTS UNIT 1 Section Grammar focus Function Vocabulary Young People 1 Varieties Irregular plural Expressing opinion
    [Show full text]
  • Gifts for Book Lovers HAPPY NEW YEAR to ALL OUR LOVELY
    By Appointment To H.R.H. The Duke Of Edinburgh Booksellers Est. 1978 www.bibliophilebooks.com ISSN 1478-064X CATALOGUE NO. 338 JAN 2016 78920 ART GLASS OF LOUIS COMFORT TIFFANY Inside this issue... ○○○○○○○○○○ by Paul Doros ○○○○○○○○○○ WAR AND MILITARIA The Favrile ‘Aquamarine’ vase of • Cosy & Warm Knits page 10 1914 and the ‘Dragonfly’ table lamp are some of the tallest and most War is not an adventure. It is a disease. It is astonishingly beautiful examples of • Pet Owner’s Manuals page 15 like typhus. ‘Aquamarine’ glass ever produced. - Antoine de Saint-Exupery The sinuous seaweed, the • numerous trapped air bubbles, the Fascinating Lives page 16 varying depths and poses of the fish heighten the underwater effect. See pages 154 to 55 of this • Science & Invention page 13 78981 AIR ARSENAL NORTH glamorous heavyweight tome, which makes full use of AMERICA: Aircraft for the black backgrounds to highlight the luminescent effects of 79025 THE HOLY BIBLE WITH Allies 1938-1945 this exceptional glassware. It is a definitive account of ILLUSTRATIONS FROM THE VATICAN Gifts For Book by Phil Butler with Dan Louis Comfort Tiffany’s highly collectable art glass, Hagedorn which he considered his signature artistic achievement, LIBRARY $599.99 NOW £150 Lovers Britain ran short of munitions in produced between the 1890s and 1920s. Called Favrile See more spectacular images on back page World War II and lacked the dollar glass, every piece was blown and decorated by hand. see page 11 funds to buy American and The book presents the full range of styles and shapes Canadian aircraft outright, so from the exquisite delicacy of the Flowerforms to the President Roosevelt came up with dramatically dripping golden flow of the Lava vases, the idea of Lend-Lease to assist the from the dazzling iridescence of the Cypriote vases to JANUARY CLEARANCE SALE - First Come, First Served Pg 18 Allies.
    [Show full text]
  • Language Ecology and English As a Lingua Franca in a Glocal Multicultural Society: Opening Intercultural Windows
    LANGUAGE ECOLOGY AND ENGLISH AS A LINGUA FRANCA IN A GLOCAL MULTICULTURAL SOCIETY: OPENING INTERCULTURAL WINDOWS LA ECOLOGÍA LINGÜÍSTICA Y EL INGLÉS COMO LINGUA FRANCA EN UNA SOCIEDAD MULTICULTURAL GLOCAL: ABRIENDO VENTANAS INTERCULTURALES Salvatore Le Donne [email protected] Fecha de recepción: 15/06/2017 Fecha de aceptación: 12/12/2017 Abstract This study is a conceptual and descriptive review of the working field of language ecology from a postmodernist perspective. It looks into the pluricentric, holistic, intercultural and multidisciplinary implications of language ecology and English as a lingua franca in a variety of EU glocal, i.e. global and local, sociolinguistic scenarios. Positing a semiotic construct of language as an open and inclusive process and a close interrelationship between language and power dynamics (Bourdieu, 1982,1986,1991), the analysis gives an overview of theoretical questions related to the import of language ecology, diversity, bi/multiligualism and the functional role of English as a lingua franca and lingua mundi in the EU, in a geocentric, contextual, action-oriented and critical approach to language as opposed to the anthropocentric, decontextualized and fractional constructs of 20th century rational structuralism. Grounded in hands-on English-teaching experience, it aims to spotlight the weaknesses of a monolingual and monocultural mindset and focuses on the dilemma between a de facto English dominance and glocal bilingual and multilingual concerns across the European Union. Capitalizing on Foucalt’s inspiring paradigm of «problematization» (1972, 1977, 1980, 1985), the article is meant to stimulate critical thought and discussion of ELF application to educational and occupational settings EPOS, XXXIII (2017) págs.
    [Show full text]
  • Chinglish Or China English: Which Is
    ISSN 1798-4769 Journal of Language Teaching and Research, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 377-381, March 2011 © 2011 ACADEMY PUBLISHER Manufactured in Finland. doi:10.4304/jltr.2.2.377-381 Glocalizing ELT: From Chinglish to China English Xing Fang English Language Centre, Shantou University, Shantou, China Email: [email protected] Abstract—In face of the reality that English has germinated into a global language whose hegemonic effect has posed a threat to the existence of many other languages, China should glocalize English language teaching by developing Chinglish into China English - a new English variety that maintains high intelligibility in the global context and incorporates rich local linguistic and cultural characteristics. Only in this way can China prevent its English learners from acquiring a global tongue at the expense of local indigenous languages and cultures. Furthermore, China’s English education or EFL education in general, when converted from manufacturing “culture receivers” to nurturing “culture senders”, will be more effective in reinforcing English learners’ sense of pride in their native cultural identity and increasing their confidence in intercultural communication on the global stage. Index Terms—China English, Chinglish, glocalization, localization, intercultural communication I. INTRODUCTION The motto “Think global, act local”, originated by Rene Dubos, has nowadays been used in a variety of contexts, including English education pedagogy. This phrase has the implication that being a competitive player in the fast- globalized world requires communication with the world and taking advantage of local resources. With regards to English education, particularly in countries where English is not spoken as a native language, teachers should take the responsibility to consider how to accommodate this world language in the classroom so that it may serve local needs without causing damage to local resources – impairing the development of local indigenous languages and cultures.
    [Show full text]
  • Mutual Intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch and American Speakers of English"SUBJECT "AVT, Volume 20 (2003)"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "220"WIDTH "150"VOFFSET "4">
    <TARGET "wan" DOCINFO AUTHOR "Hongyan Wang and Vincent J. van Heuven"TITLE "Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch and American speakers of English"SUBJECT "AVT, Volume 20 (2003)"KEYWORDS ""SIZE HEIGHT "220"WIDTH "150"VOFFSET "4"> Mutual intelligibility of Chinese, Dutch and American speakers of English Hongyan Wang and Vincent J. van Heuven Jilin University, Changchun & Universiteit Leiden / Universiteit Leiden 1. Introduction Over the last fifty years, English has emerged as the world’s lingua franca. It has become the language of international politics, trade, finance, and science. With the advent of English as the language of the world, a language barrier is about to disappear. Where artificial languages such as Esperanto have failed, English has stepped into the void and fills the need for a universal language. There is also a downside to the story. There is now a bewildering variety of forms of English with foreign accents characteristic of the various nations on this earth. These varieties of English are sometimes mockingly referred to by portmanteau designations such as Spanglish (Spanish English), Dunglish (Dutch English), and Chinglish (Chinese). Whoever has been to international conferences where the official language was English, will recall how difficult it was to follow the presentations of delegates from, especially, East Asia. The communicative problems are often no more than a mild nuisance, but human lives may be at stake when the air-traffic controller is a native speaker of Spanish and has to understand English messages spoken by a Dutch airline pilot (and vice versa) in a noisy cockpit. The practical solution adopted in the airline industry is basically a matter of fighting the symptoms rather than killing the disease.
    " class="panel-rg color-a">[Show full text]