The Poema De Mio Cid As Text: Manuscript Transmission and Editorial Politics 43 Alberto Montaner
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i A Companion to the Poema de mio Cid © Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, 2018 | doi 10.1163/9789004363755_001 ii Brill’s Companions to Mediaeval Philology VOLUME 1 The titles published in this series are listed at brill.com/bmcp iii A Companion to the Poema de mio Cid Edited by Irene Zaderenko Alberto Montaner In collaboration with Peter Mahoney LEIDEN | BOSTON iv Translators: Peter Mahoney (chapters 2, 9, 11, 12, 14, and 15) Javier Pueyo (chapter 4). Ottavio Di Camillo also contributed to the development of the project and to the edition of the text. This book has benefited from funds granted by the Spanish Ministry of Economics and Competitiveness to the Research Project FFI2012-32331: Formas de la Épica Hispánica: Tradiciones y Contextos Históricos II, and to the Project FFI2015-64050: Magia, Épica e Historiografía Hispánicas: Relaciones Literarias y Nomológicas. Cover illustration: First folio of the extant manuscript of the Poema de mio Cid (Madrid,ms. Vitr/7/17, fol. 1r. With kind permission of the Biblioteca Nacional de España. The Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available online at http://catalog.loc.gov LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2018008146 Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 2405-903X isbn 978-90-04-36000-6 (hardback) isbn 978-90-04-36375-5 (e-book) Copyright 2018 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Hes & De Graaf, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Rodopi, Brill Sense and Hotei Publishing. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. 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ContentsContents v Contents Prologue ix Irene Zaderenko and Alberto Montaner List of Figures xii Notes on Contributors xiii Introduction 1 Irene Zaderenko and Alberto Montaner Part 1 The Codex and the Author 1 The Poema de mio Cid as Text: Manuscript Transmission and Editorial Politics 43 Alberto Montaner 2 The Question of Authorship 89 Irene Zaderenko Part 2 Linguistic Aspects 3 Why was the Poema de mio Cid Written Down the Way It was? 119 Roger Wright 4 A Closer Look at the Poema de mio Cid’s Language 137 Javier Rodríguez Molina 5 On the Arabic Loanwords in the Poema de mio Cid 169 Federico Corriente Part 3 Poetic Aspects and Structure 6 On the Poetic Technique of the Poema de mio Cid 183 Juan Carlos Bayo Julve Contents Contents Prologue for A Companion to the Poema de mio Cid ix Irene Zaderenko and Alberto Montaner List of Figures xiii vi Contents Notes on Contributors xiv Part 1 The Codex and the Author Introduction 1 7 “Mio Cid Ruy Díaz odredes lo que dixo”: The Voice of the Narrator, the Irene Zaderenko and Alberto Montaner Voice of the Characters 207 Part 1 The Codex and the Author Salvatore Luongo Chapter 1 The Poema de mio Cid as Text: Manuscript Transmission and Editorial Politics 43 Alberto Montaner 8 Oral Expression in the Poema de mio Cid 247 Chapter 2 The Question of Authorship* 89 Matthew Bailey Irene Zaderenko Translated by Peter Mahoney Part 2 Linguistic Aspects 9 Episodic Logic and the Structure of the Poema de mio Cid 271 Chapter 3 Leonardo Funes Why Was the Poema de mio Cid Written Down the Way It Was? 119 Roger Wright Chapter 4 A Closer Look at the Poema de mio Cid’s Language 137 Javier Rodríguez Molina Part 4 Translated by Javier Pueyo Chapter 5 Historical Aspects On the Arabic Loanwords in the Poema de mio Cid 169 Federico Corriente Part 3 10 The Historical Context of the Poema de mio Cid 297 Poetic Aspects and Structure Chapter 6 Simon Barton On the Poetic Technique of the Poema de mio Cid 183 Juan Carlos Bayo Julve Chapter 7 11 Social Structures and Values in the Poema de mio Cid 322 “Mio Cid Ruy Díaz odredes lo que dixo”: The Voice of the Narrator, the Voice of the Characters 207 Salvatore Luongo Georges Martin Chapter 8 Oral Expression in the Poema de mio Cid 247 Matthew Bailey 12 Legal Aspects of the Poema de mio Cid 347 Chapter 9 Episodic Logic and the Structure of the Poema de mio Cid 271 Eukene Lacarra Lanz Leonardo Funes Translated by Peter Mahoney Part 4 Historical Aspects Chapter 10 Part 5 The Historical Context of the Poema de mio Cid 297 Simon Barton The Poema de mio Cid in the Cultural History of Spain Chapter 11 Social Structures and Values in the Poema de mio Cid* 322 Georges Martin 13 The Poema de mio Cid and the Canon of the Spanish Epic Translated by Peter Mahoney Chapter 12 Revisited 379 Legal Aspects of the Poema de mio Cid 347 Mercedes Vaquero Eukene Lacarra Lanz Translated by Peter Mahoney Part 5 The Poema de mio Cid 14 The Poema de mio Cid in 13th- and 14th-Century Romance in the Cultural History of Spain Historiography 412 Chapter 13 The Poema de mio Cid and the Canon of the Spanish Epic Revisited 379 Francisco Bautista Mercedes Vaquero Chapter 14 The Poema de mio Cid in 13th and 14th-Century Romance Historiography 412 15 The Cidian Matter in the 15th Century 463 Francisco Bautista Translated by Peter Mahoney Fernando Gómez Redondo Chapter 15 The Cidian Matter in the 15th Century 463 Fernando Gómez Redondo Translated by Peter Mahoney Chapter 16 The Canonization of the Poema de mio Cid from the 18th to the 20th Century 497 Luis Galván Select Bibliography 523 Index 527 Contents vii 16 The Canonization of the Poema de mio Cid from the 18th to the 20th Century 497 Luis Galván Select Bibliography 523 Index 527 viii Contents PrologueZaderenko and Montaner ix Prologue Irene Zaderenko and Alberto Montaner The Poema de mio Cid (PMC) has long been regarded as one of the major works of Spanish medieval literature due to its linguistic and literary value, its histori- cal influence, and its foundational role in Castilian epic poetry. It stands side by side with Homeric poems, the Anglo-Saxon Beowulf, the Old French Chanson de Roland, Milton’s Paradise Lost, and other such contributions from the epic genre to the Weltliteratur pantheon. It is significant that the PMC is the only Spanish epic text that has survived almost in its entirety in a manuscript devoted solely to the poem. Though the extant manuscript was produced sometime in the first decades of the 14th cen- tury, the poem was previously copied in 1207 as indicated in the colophon. Regarding the relatively late date of the surviving manuscript, it can best be explained by the growing interest in its hero. In fact, by the end of the 13th century the poem began to be utilized as a historical document in several ver- nacular chronicles, a historiographical practice that continued uninterrupted until the end of the 15th century. During this period, alongside its acceptance as part of the official history of Spain, the work underwent a series of rewrit- ings, revisions, and amplifications, generating new fictional narratives as it moved into other literary genres. Until today, students and scholars who wanted to embark on a critical read- ing of the poem were faced with a massive collection of scholarly works without the guide of a reliable and up-to-date handbook on the PMC. Such an aid simply did not exist either in English or in any other language. In order to meet this need, our volume brings together the critical knowledge of a number of distinguished scholars, whose undisputed contributions to the field of PMC studies have been widely recognized. Our aim is to provide an informed introduction to key literary aspects of the poem (codicological and textual problems, authorship, reception, language, rhyme and versification, formulaic style, themes, narrative devices, structure), as well as presenting essential aspects and issues for a more comprehensive understanding of the work (historical context, ideological motivations, prosifi- cation in medieval chronicles, the poem’s place in the canon of Spanish literature). Equally important is to present new critical interpretations that have been put forward since the 1970s, when scholars started to challenge Ramón Menéndez Pidal’s theories that had dominated the philological x Zaderenko And Montaner discourse since the beginning of the last century. Despite the shortcomings of Menéndez Pidal’s assumptions, some of his contributions are still valid and have rightfully been integrated in the latest analytical approaches. The volume starts with a synoptic introduction that offers an overview of the poem’s key aspects such as its plot, structure and sources, authorship and dating, historical context, prosodic features, language and style, performative traits, and the poem’s place within the discursive spectrum of oral and written literature. This prelude gives way to sixteen chapters that analyze crucial fea- tures of the poem, including a critical overview of the most significant studies on the subject. The essays are organized around five areas of inquiry: the codex and its author, the poem’s language, poetic features, historical dimensions, and the poem’s reception from the late Middle Ages through the present. In the first chapter, Alberto Montaner offers a description of the sole manuscript and an overview of competing editorial criteria.