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Final Report on the Baseline Survey of the Kano Rice Value Chain PrOpCom Making Nigerian Agricultural Markets Work for the Poor Baseline Survey of the Kano Rice Value Chain Final Report By Optimum Agricultural Consultants April 2007 Funding for this programme is provided by the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID) 40 Mississippi Street, Maitama, Abuja, Nigeria • Tel: +(234) 9 413 8291/2 • Fax: +(234) 9 413 829 2 Disclaimer The PrOpCom Monograph Series seeks to provide a broader dissemination of the information and views collected through the efforts of the various service providers and consultants undertaking work in support of the PrOpCom programme. We believe this information will be useful in informing the policy dialogue in Nigeria and for improving the planning and execution of agricultural and agribusiness activities within the country. The documents in this series represent the final deliverables as presented by the engaged service providers or consultants in responds to terms of reference of contracts let by PrOpCom in execution of its programme. They have not been further edited or editorially polished. Consequently, there is wide variation in the editorial quality of these documents. Nevertheless, the information contained in these document is deems useful for policy and planning purposes. The views and opinions expressed in these documents are solely those of the authors of the document and do not necessarily represent the views of PrOpCom, SAII Associates, Chemonics International or PrOpCom’s funding agent, the Government of the United Kingdom’s Department for International Development (DFID) Information from these documents can be freely used and quoted on condition that it is properly sourced to the concerned document. 4 Cover page Final Report on the Baseline survey of the Kano Rice Value Chain Submitted by Optimum Agricultural Consultants 12 Trade Fair Shopping Complex Off-Zaria/Zoo Road, Kano Email: [email protected] Tel: +234 080 24 04 23 08 5 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES................................................................................................................................................9 GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN DESCRIBING RICE VARIETIES ACROSS CLUSTERS...............13 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................................................15 1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................................................21 1.1 TREND IN RICE PRODUCTION IN NIGERIA 21 2.0 METHODOLOGY.......................................................................................................................................23 2.1 DESCRIPTION OF THE STUDY AREA .....................................................................................................23 2.2 GENERAL METHODOLOGY ..................................................................................................................23 2.2.1 Focus Group Discussions .............................................................................................................23 2.2.2 Enumerator survey........................................................................................................................24 2.3 LIMITATIONS ......................................................................................................................................25 3.0 RESULTS......................................................................................................................................................26 3.1 RICE PRODUCTION..............................................................................................................................26 3.1.1 Socio-economic characteristics of farmers...................................................................................26 3.1.2 Production Systems, Farmers strategies and constraints .............................................................29 3.1.3 Quality standards and attributes of rice .......................................................................................31 3.1.4 Structural characteristics of rice value chain...............................................................................37 3.1.5 Prospects and constraints in rice production ...............................................................................45 3.1.6 Production and market risks in rice commodity chain .................................................................50 3.2 RICE PARBOILING...............................................................................................................................52 3.2.1 Socio-economic background of parboilers ...................................................................................52 3.2.2 Parboilers perspectives on rice quality ........................................................................................55 3.2.3 Parboilers perspectives on the structure of rice value chain........................................................57 3.2.4 Prospects and constraints in rice parboiling................................................................................59 3.2.5 Risks and uncertainties associated with rice parboiling...............................................................61 3.3 RICE MILLING .....................................................................................................................................63 3.3.1 Socio-economic characteristics of millers ....................................................................................65 3.3.2 Millers’ perspectives on rice quality.............................................................................................67 3.3.3 Millers’ perspectives on the structure of rice value chain............................................................71 3.3.4 Prospects and Constraints in Rice Value Chain: Millers’ Perspective ........................................73 3.3.5 Risks and uncertainties associated with rice milling ....................................................................77 3.4 RICE TRADING ....................................................................................................................................79 3.4.1 Socio-economic characteristics of traders....................................................................................79 3.4.2 Traders perspectives on rice quality.............................................................................................81 3.4.3 Traders’ perspectives on the structure of rice value chain...........................................................87 3.4.4 Prospects and constraints in rice trading.....................................................................................92 3.4.5 Risks and uncertainties associated with rice trading....................................................................98 3.5 SOCIO-ECONOMIC AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES IN RICE COMMODITY CHAIN: ................................101 3.5.1 Farmers perspectives..................................................................................................................101 3.5.2 Parboiler’s perspectives .............................................................................................................110 3.5.3 Miller’s perspectives...................................................................................................................113 3.6 CASE STUDIES ...........................................................................................................................................120 3.6.1 Rice producer in Kura-Kano corridor........................................................................................120 3.6.2 Case study of Parboiler in Garko cluster ...................................................................................122 3.6.3 Case Study of rice miller in Garko .............................................................................................123 4.0 CONCLUSION ...........................................................................................................................................125 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................................................127 7 8 LIST OF TABLES Table 2.2.1: Sample size for Enumerator Conducted Survey 21 Table 3.1.1: Socio-economic characteristics of farmers 24 Table 3.1.2: Production systems and crops grown 26 Table 3.1.3a: Rice Quality Standards and Attributes: Farmers’ Perspective in Kano Clusters. 30 Table 3.1.3b: Rice Quality Standards and Attributes: Farmers’ Perspective in Other Clusters. 30 Table 3.1.3c: Quality and grades issues among sampled rice farmers 31 Table 3.1.4a: Structural Characteristics of the Rice Value Chain: Farmers’ Perspective in Kano Clusters 35 Table 3.1.4b: Structural Characteristics of the Rice Value Chain: Farmers’ Perspective in Other Clusters 36 Table 3.1.4c: Structural characteristics of rice value chain among sampled farmers 37 Table 3.1.5a: Prospects and Constraints in Rice Value Chain: Farmers’ Perspective in Kano Clusters 43 Table 3.1.5b: Prospects and Constraints in Rice Value Chain: Farmers’ Perspective in other clusters 44 Table 3.1.5c: Prospects and constraints in rice value chain among sampled farmers 45 Table 3.1.6a: Risk and Uncertainties Associated with Rice Value Chain: Farmers’ Perspective in Kano Clusters 47 Table 3.1.6b: Risk and Uncertainties Associated with Rice Value Chain:
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