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Chopin & Leopardi PROJECTE FINAL Chopin & Leopardi: d ues sensibilitats bessones Estudiant: Marina Pelfort i Camprubí Àmbit/Modalitat: Interpretació Clàssica i Contemporània / Piano Director: Josep Surinyac Curs: 2012 / 2013 Vistiplau del director: Membres del Tribunal: 1. Josep Surinyac 2. Maria Jesús Crespo 3. Susana Egea 1 Que no pugui ser satisfet per alguna cosa terrena ni, per dir-ho així, per la terra sencera; considerar l'extensió incommensurable de l'espai, el nombre i la meravellosa varietat dels mons, i veure que tot és poc i insignificant per a la capacitat del propi esperit; imaginar-se el nombre infinit de mons, i l'univers infinit i sentir que l'ànim i el nostre desig foren encara més grans que aquest univers; i acusar sempre les coses d'insuficiència i nul·litat, i sofrir la mancança i el buit i, tanmateix, tedi, em sembla el major senyal de grandesa i de noblesa que es pugui trobar en la naturalesa humana. ( G iacomo Leopardi, Pensaments, LXVIII ) 2 Agraïments A en Pep Surinyac, per tota la seva gran dedicació i paciència, que es va entusiasmar des del primer dia amb la meva proposta i que ha estat guiant-me en tot el procés que ha comportat el treball. A la Susana Egea, que de manera desinteressada s'ha llançat a treballar amb mi els poemes i a construir entre les dues tota l'escenificació de l'espectacle. A la Maria Jesus Crespo, per haver volgut ser membre del tribunal i per tots aquests 4 anys de classes treballant amb mi que m'han portat fins on sóc ara. Al Carles Ill, per tots els consells i mails contestats, aclarint-me tots els dubtes i ajudant-me en l'estructura i l'organització del treball. A l'Arnau, per les magnífiques gravacions de dos dels poemes. A tots els professors que amb una frase o un consell m'han donat idees per la confecció de tot aquest projecte. A l'Enric, per la tendresa amb la que m'ha acompanyat en tot aquest camí encara que fos a 600 quilòmetres de distància. Als meus amics, que m'han preguntat dia rere dia com anava el meu treball, animant-me i aguantant tant les meves anades d'olla com tot el meu estrès, ajudant-me a no perdre el nord, a descansar, i ensenyant-me que aquest treball havia de ser una oportunitat més per créixer, i no un pur tràmit angoixant. Als meus pares, per ser-hi sempre, passés el que passés, escoltant un poema quan els ho demanava, una obra quan necessitava públic o una reflexió, quan necessitava treure a fora tot el que bullia dins del meu cap. I per acabar, gràcies a Chopin i Leopardi, pel gest de caritat que van tenir en expressar, a través de l'art, tot allò que vivien per poder-nos-ho llegar a nosaltres. Moltes gràcies a tots, sense vosaltres, aquest treball no només no existiria sinó que no tindria sentit! 3 Abstract Aquest treball vol estudiar les relacions que s'estableixen entre dos artistes d'un mateix període estètic: Frédéric Chopin i Giacomo Leopardi. Ho fa analitzant 7 parelles de música i poesia, analitzades per descobrir què és allò que les uneix. Després d'una reflexió al voltant de l'art, el treball reflexiona sobre què aporta a l'estudi d'un període artístic, d'unes determinades obres o a l'escolta d'un concert, la combinació de dues o més disciplines artístiques. Chopin & Leopardi: dues sensibilitats bessones, doncs, que acaben connectant també amb nosaltres, descobrint en l'art l'expressió de quelcom universal que uneix artista, intèrpret i públic. Este trabajo quiere estudiar las relaciones que se establecen entre dos artistas de un mismo periodo estético: Frédéric Chopin i Giacomo Leopardi. Lo hace analizando 7 parejas de música i poesía, analizadas para descubrir qué es lo que las une. Después de una reflexión alrededor del arte, el trabajo se pregunta qué aporta al estudio de un periodo artístico, de unas determinadas obras o a la escucha de un concierto, la combinación de dos o más disciplinas artísticas. Chopin & Leopardi: dos sensibilidades gemelas, pues, que acaban conectando también con nosotros, descubriendo en el arte la expresión de algo universal que une artista, intérprete y público. This essay strives to study the existing relations between two artists belonging to the same estetic period: Frédéric Chopin and Giacomo Leopardi. It does so by analising together 7 musical pieces and 7 poems in pairs, in order to show what links them. After thinking overt art, we ask ourselves what does the combination of two or more artistic disciplines add to the study of an artistic period, to specific pieces or to the listening of a concert. Chopin & Leopardi: two soulmate sensibilities, which end up connecting not 4 only with each other, but also with us – thus unveiling how art is the expression of something universal that brings together the artist, the interpreter and their audience. 5 INDEX 1. Introducció..........................................................................................08 1.1. El perquè d'aquest treball......................................................09 1.2. Estats de la qüestió...............................................................12 2. La intensa vida de dos artistes............................................................15 2.1. La nostàlgia de Frédéric Chopin.............................................16 2.2. L'anhel de Giacomo Leopardi.................................................26 3. Recorregut per la naturalesa de l'home...............................................35 a través de l'obra d'ambdós artistes 3.1. Desproporció entre la bellesa de la realitat amb el seu tràgic destí; desproporció entre l'elevat sentir de l'home i la seva fragilitat...........................................37 3.2. Vagar “per sempre” en el mar de la imaginació.....................45 3.3. Sublimitat del jo que sent i pregunta; urgència d'una resposta.........................................................................49 3.4. Una imatge o il·lusió per la qual val la pena viure..................61 3.5. Record amarg després de la dissolució de la il·lusió.............70 3.6. Bellesa més enllà de la dona amada......................................77 3.7. Reconèixer que mai a la terra trobarà l'objecte del seu desig...........................................................................85 4. La vivència artística a través de dues arts...........................................93 4.1. L'estil artístic............................................................................95 4.2. La cultura de l'època.............................................................100 4.2.1. El romanticisme........................................................100 4.2.2. El classicisme...........................................................101 4.2.3. La política.................................................................102 6 4.3. L'experiència de l'intèrpret....................................................104 4.3.1. En el piano...............................................................104 4.3.2. En la poesia.............................................................105 4.3.3. En el concert............................................................105 4.4. La recepció del públic...........................................................108 5. Conclusions.......................................................................................115 5.1. Sobre la interpretació............................................................116 5.2. Sobre els artistes..................................................................118 5.3. I per acabar...........................................................................120 6. Bibliografia.........................................................................................121 7 1. Introducció 8 1.1. El perquè d'aquest treball: “El geni és un carisma eminentment social, que expressa enmig de la companyia humana, de forma molt més aguda que els altres, els factors que aquesta mateixa companyia sent, tant que aquests últims se senten expressats en la creativitat del geni molt més fins i tot que en els seus propis intents d'expressió. Per això sentim que els ritme de Chopin o els versos de Leopardi expressen les nostres melancolies millor que si nosaltres mateixos ens poséssim a articular notes o paraules sobre el tema.” (Luigi Giussani1) Amb aquestes paraules vull començar la introducció, ja que han sigut el motiu d'inspiració que em van permetre unir per primera vegada aquests dos artistes. Prenia consciència de com ambdós, com a genis artistes que eren, expressaven d'una manera preciosa i precisa tot allò que jo sentia, i que a més ho feien d'una manera semblant, transmetent-me els mateixos sentiments. Així, doncs, malgrat que aquests dos artistes no estan connectats vitalment ni van estar en contacte, la seva particular vivència i expressió semblant del món que els toca viure és allò que ens permet unir-los amb tanta facilitat. Aquest treball, doncs, té l'origen en la unió dels dos artistes i les seves dues disciplines artístiques, en el descobriment de quina era la seva vida i per què van deixar-nos aquest llegat. A partir de la seva obra podem, ara, descobrir un bocí íntim de la seva vida que ens remou encara ara, ja que les seves paraules i les seves notes ens segueixen parlant. Així, el treball vol aprofundir en la relació que pot establir l'intèrpret amb el músic i el poeta, i després la relació que aquest estableix amb el públic. Vull reflexionar, doncs, sobre la comunicació artística sense la qual el fet artístic perd el seu interès. Tant quan composem, com quan escrivim o toquem, esperem expressar quelcom amb uns mitjans diferents dels habituals, els mitjans
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