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Giacomo Leopardi's Zibaldone As a Digital Research Platform

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Giacomo Leopardi's Zibaldone As a Digital Research Platform Giacomo Leopardi’s Zibaldone as a digital research platform: mining and mediating the semantics of fragmentary textuality http://digitalzibaldone.net Program overview • Project rationale • Digital Scholarly Editing/Editions • Document analysis of the Zibaldone and Indexes + exercises • Editorial methods and procedures of the Zibaldone project • Technologies and functions of the Zibaldone platform • Intro to XML-TEI • The TEI encoding of the Zibaldone: examples + exercises • Semantic networks in the Zibaldone, knowledge visualization, and intro to Gephi visualization tool • Social editing, user research and collaboration • Evaluation and feedback: reflect on the differences in working with the Zibaldone in its various media formats and representations Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 2 Platform, University of Macerata Project contributors • Dr. Silvia Stoyanova, editor, Princeton University-Trier University • Ben Johnston, developer, Senior Technologist at the McGraw Center for Teaching and Learning, Princeton University • Dr. Clifford Wulfman, consultant, Digital Humanities Center & Firestone Library, Princeton University • Emilio Capettini and Stephen Blair -- editorial assistants, PhD students, Classics, Princeton University • Prof. Christian Wildberg, consultant, Classics, Princeton University • Michael Hanley, Kathleen Galeano, Monica Mendoza -- editorial assistants, undergraduate students, Princeton University • Matthias Schneider, computational processing, Trier University • Mariona Coll Ardanuy, PhD student, computational linguistics, Trier University • Prof. Caroline Sporleder, computational linguistics, Göttingen University • Francesco Annibali, editorial contributor, University of Macerata-Lettere Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 3 Platform, University of Macerata Project support • Volunteer work • Department of French and Italian, Humanities Resource Center & Firestone Library, Princeton University • Trier Center for Digital Humanities, Trier University • Biblioteca Nazionale Napoli: Manoscritti e Rari • Collegio Matteo Ricci, University of Macerata Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 4 Platform, University of Macerata Why a *digital* Zibaldone? Leopardi’s Zibaldone Digital medium’s dimensionality • fragmented text of • flexibility considerable length and encyclopedic content • connectivity • lacking a discursive order and • immediacy & simultaneity stylistic form • relationality • modular structure • modification, extension, • relativistic method of composition amplification of data model • authorial indications for without losing previous potential semantic orders versions discursive impasse Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 5 Platform, University of Macerata Zibaldone modalities of fragmentariness Temporality: Authorial agency: occasional & distributed provisional multiple composition suspended Formal: Language marginal additions Content cross-references Style Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 6 Platform, University of Macerata Leopardi’s project for editing the Zibaldone «Quanto al Dizionario filosofico, le scrissi che io aveva pronti i materiali, com’è vero; ma lo stile ch’è la cosa più faticosa, ci manca affatto, giacché sono gittati sulla carta con parole e frasi appena intelleggibili, se non a me solo. E di più sono sparsi in più migliaia di pagine, contenenti i miei pensieri; e per poterne estrarre quelli che appartenessero a un dato articolo, bisognerebbe che io rileggessi tutte quelle migliaia di pagine, segnassi i pensieri che farebbero al caso, li disponessi, gli ordinassi ec.» -- Leopardi, lettera all’editore Stella, 13.09.1826 Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 7 Platform, University of Macerata Formal fragmentariness and modularity • 4525 pages • 6256 paragraphs • 3685 date divisions • 2000+ marginal notes • 3000+ interlinear additions • 2400+ cross-references • 3300+ bibliographic references Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 8 Platform, University of Macerata Zibaldone cross-references Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 9 Platform, University of Macerata Indexing the Zibaldone tabulati, ed. Peruzzi (pp.363-503) Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 10 Platform, University of Macerata Indexing the Zibaldone “La percezione di una difficile districabilità dei materiali raccolti in tanti anni, che Indice e polizzine gli rimandavano ingigantita nel vario intersecarsi e sovrapporsi delle sequenze numeriche, doveva rivelarsi un ostacolo insormontabile. Forse proprio le polizzine, conservate per poter essere più facilmente trasferite e ricomposte in sempre nuove combinazioni, mentre gli consentono quasi di visualizzare l’intelaiatura dell’una o dell’altra opera progettata, finiscono al tempo stesso bloccarlo, palesandogli la circolarità dei passi registrati e quindi la contiguità e l’intreccio degli àmbiti concettuali.” -- S. Acanfora, “Indice e indicizzazione” (Peruzzi, p.90) Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 11 Platform, University of Macerata The conceptual power of the mind block to discursive order Zib.1176-78 (17.06.1821): Zib.3269-70 (28.08.1823): “Certi ingegni straordinarissimi che la natura “...l'uomo d'immaginativa e di sentimento nel alcune volte ha prodotti quasi per miracolo, sono tempo del suo entusiasmo [...] vede e guarda le stati o del tutto o quasi inutili, appunto a cagione cose come da un luogo alto e superiore a quello della soverchia forza o del loro intelletto o della in che la mente degli uomini suole loro immaginazione, che finiva nel non potersi ordinariamente consistere. Quindi è che risolvere in nulla, nè dare alcun frutto scoprendo in un sol tratto molte più cose ch'egli determinato. [...] Questi geni straordinari, non è usato di scorgere a un tempo, e d'un sol penetrano in certi misteri, in certe parti della colpo d'occhio discernendo e mirando una natura così riposte; scuoprono e vedono tante moltitudine di oggetti, ben da lui veduti più volte cose, che la stessa copia e profondità delle loro ciascuno, ma non mai tutti insieme (se non in concezioni, ne impedisce la chiarezza tanto altre simili congiunture), egli è in grado di scorger riguardo a essi stessi, quanto al comunicarle con essi i loro rapporti scambievoli, e per la altrui; ne impedisce l'ordine, insomma vince le novità di quella moltitudine di oggetti tutti loro stesse facoltà, e non è capace, a cagione insieme rappresentantisegli, egli è attirato e a dell'eccesso, di essere determinata, circoscritta, e considerare, benchè rapidamente, i detti oggetti ridotta a frutto.” meglio che per l'innanzi non avea fatto, e ch'egli non suole; e a voler guardare e notare i detti rapporti.” Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 12 Platform, University of Macerata Digital remediations of the Zibaldone Digital transcriptions Digital formats – Project Manuzio @ • http://it.wikisource.org/wiki/Prog http://www.liberliber.it/online/au etto:Letteratura/Zibaldone tori/autori-l/giacomo-leopardi/ “Pensieri di varia filosofia e di • CD-ROM (Ballerini-Ceragioli, bella letteratura” Ed. De Robertis Zanichelli, 2009) (1921). facsimiles of manuscript – Zibaldone di pensieri, Eds. W. shows marginalia Binni and E. Ghidetti (1969), advanced search trans. ed. Giuseppe Bonghi • by area of text http://www.classicitaliani.it/index • names (normalized) 120.htm • key words with logical operators – CNSL: (and, or, not, near, followed by) on same page http://www.leopardi.it/home.php -- no connection with the indexes -- no hyperlinks of the cross-references Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 13 Platform, University of Macerata The Zibaldone as Hypertext? “Imagine a text that became nothing but footnotes and marginalia referring to one another” -- David Kolb, Socrates in the Labyrinth Mark Hebsgaard (1994) Marco Riccini (2000) Zibaldone hypertextuality: - “cross-references embedded in the main text” - “web of references to texts outside the main text” - “meta-layers outside the main corpus: hypertextual pathways” Kimberly Amaral: a guide to hypertext writing “While readers do develop their own methods of moving about a series of documents, the author does create the master plan of a piece. Where the author provides links or doesn't, what content is left in or left out, and the placement or prominence of content (will it be encased in a "main text," or will it be located "outside" the main document in a link?) all contribute to the organization and impact of a piece.” Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 14 Platform, University of Macerata From HTML to XML • HTML: – facilitates navigation, but does not chart the sequence in a meaningful way – multiplies linearity, but lacks dimensionality – quick access to contextual and critical material, but does not allow to query and select it • XML: – query, select and harvest semantic information based on marked up elements of the text – explore and visualize their relations Silvia Stoyanova, Zibaldone Digital Research 10/12/2016 15 Platform, University of Macerata Why a *digital* Zibaldone? • Zibaldone as hypertext (web 1.0: read-only author) – cross-references – alphabetic thematic index, partial indexes – bibliographic (contextual) networks • Zibaldone as a social platform (web 2.0: read-write editor) – expand editorial apparatus – record shareable annotations on text from user community – editing and research collaboration, centralization
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