DOCSLIB.ORG

Bijildings on the West Side of the Ag-Ora

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Bijildings on the West Side of the Ag-Ora BIJILDINGS ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE AG-ORA PLATES I-VITI INTRODUCTION' The region to the north of the Areopagus and to the east of Kolonos Agoraios had many natural advantages to recommend it as the site for thZecentral public place of the com- munity (Fig. 1). It was the most open and level area of any extent beneath the immediate shelter of the Acropolis. Along its southern edge a series of springs bubbled out from the foot of the Areopagus, so abundant as to have formed the principal source of drinking water in the city throughout antiquity. A gentle slope toward the north guaranteed adequate natural drainage, desirable for private habitation and essential for the construc- tion of large public buildings. The region lay, moreover, on the direct route between the Acropolis and the Dipylon, the principal gate of the city, and so was conveniently situated alike for residents and visitors. Actual habitation in the area can now be shown to extend at least well back into the second millennium B.C. Scattered fragments of household pottery of typical Middle Helladic types, Gray Minyan and Matt-painted wares, have appeared above bedrock along the north foot of the Areopagus, along the east slope and foot of Kolonos and even at the north foot of Kolonos. A simple shaft burial not later than this period was made near the mid point of the east foot of the latter hill 2 (Fig. 64, Section C-C). Practically no house- hold pottery of Late Helladic times has been found in the area so that there is no direct evidence for habitation in this period. Graves of the time, however, have come to light: two in the miiddle of the area that was to be the market square,3 traces of another on the east slope of Kolonos (p. 167 below). The following period, the eleventh through the eighth centuries, is abundantly represented by deposits of household pottery found close above bedrock and in con- temporary wells, sufficient in bulk and in distribution to indicate that much if not all of the area of the later square was then inhabited. The dead of this age were buried on the slopes of the adjacent hills, the Areopagus and Kolonos. 1 This paper owes much to my colleagues: to John Travlos all its plans and architectural drawings (save the colored restorations done by Piet de Jong for Figs. 23 and 26) and infinite help in the working out of the architectural restorations; to Lucy Talcott the study of all the fifth-century pottery used as chronological evidence, particularly that discussed on pp. 47 if., and to my wife innumerable suLggestiveideas. 2 Hesper ia, V, 1936, pp. 20 if. Hesperia, IV, 1935, pp. 318 if.; V, pp. 21 f. American School of Classical Studies at Athens is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve, and extend access to Hesperia ® www.jstor.org DiPYLON SCNDCNVI 15c 0 a0 too 2o 25O~ A-r~~~~~~~~Af A ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A" I~~~~~~~~~~I Go- fW .~4z~z 404 do ...~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ACROPOLtS5 J T RAVLO35 Fig. 1. The Agora anid its Environs in the Second Centulry A.D. BUILDINGS ON THE WEST SIDE OF THE AGORA 3 The latest regular burials thus far found within the area are graves that have appeared to the south of the later Tholos. They run down into the early part of the seventh century., That habitation continued and indeed became more intense through this century is suf- ficientlv shown not only. by the cessation of burial buit also by growing masses of pottery found, again, in wells and scattered among the lower layers of earth accumulation. To about the middle, of the century may be dated a mass of votive objects fouud at the foot of the Areopagus, our earliest evidence for a regular place of worship in the region.2 And in the course of the present study we shall find reason to trace back the beginnings of the Council House, situated at the foot of Kolonos Agoraios, to about the same time (p. 124 below). But as yet the actual buildings in the area, whether public, private or sacred, must have been extremely slight and it is not until well along in the following century that the site and the buildings around it begau to assume a monumental character. One of the primary needs of the area, was the proper organization of the water supply. This was provided for on a magnificent scale by the square fountain house set close in by the north foot of the Areopagus.3 To its basin was led in stone channels the combined yield of several of the springs that break out to the east and southeast of the building. The site for the fountain house was well chosen at the southern edge of the comparatively level area and the build- ing seems to have fixed for all time the line of the southern limit of the market square. The next most obvious want to be met was adequate drainage, a channel which would provide not only for the waste from the new fountain house but also for the wassh from the slopes of.the adjacent hills and for the large volume of water from the south of the Areo- pagus which found its natural outlet through the Agora region. The need was met by the great stone drain, found early in the current excavations, which made its way north in an almost straight line following in general the bottom of the valley.4 This original channel has been exposed toward the south only to a point opposite the Tholos. But that it was designed to take the waste from the fountain house and that it did originally carry through to that building is sufficiently shown by the fact that its line, projected southward, strikes the fountain house near its northwest corner precisely at the point where a large stone drain leaves that building. Subsequently a branch was carried in a southeastern direction from a point opposite the Tholos so as to intercept the drainage along the south side of the area, and (probably somewhat later still) a corresponding arm was carried from the same point along the bottom of the hollow which leads around the west end of the Areopagus. These channels continued always to be the main veins for the drainage of the region. The main north-south line fixed the orientation of the public and sacred buildings that were subsequently to spring up along the west side of the square as also of the innumerable mrionumentsthat eventually formed a continuous row on either side of it. IHesperiia, V, 1936, pp. 24 if. 2 Ibid., II, 1933, pp. 542 if. 3 Ibid., IV, 1935, p. 360. 4 Ibid., II, 1933, pp. 103 if. 4 HOMER A. THOMPSON A glance at the plans (Figs. 72 and P1. VI) will show the striking difference in orientation between the pre-drain and post-drain buildings on the west side. The laying of the earliest part of the Great Drain was accompanied by another step essential for the preparation of the area as a public square. This was the levelling of the adjoining terrain. As was necessary for a channel of such proportions, a gradient was established as uniform as possible throughout its course and this involved the filling of extensive areas. Exploration thus far has illustrated this procedure most clearly in the region to the east of the later Metroon and Tholos. Here the pre-existing ground level to either side of the drain was raised as much as two meters by a filling of earth and broken bedrock demonstrably brought in during the construction of the drain (Fig. 64). In the northern part of our area a lesser filling was required; the region between Tholos and fountain house remains to be explored. From the same springs that fed the fountain house water was carried to the lower town in terracotta pipes, one running east past the south end of the later Stoa of Attalos,1 another diagonally across the square toward the northwest and the Dipylon (Fig. 72). This second pipe line we shall meet again in the following pages. Its relation to the Great Drain shows that it is younger than the drain; the fabric and shape of its sections prove it to be not later than the late sixth century. The style of the polygonal masonry employed in the original line of the Great Drain, combined with the evidence of pottery gathered from several exploratory trenches cut across its line, indicates that the drain is to be dated toward the end of the third or the beginning of the last quarter of the sixth century. The same date may therefore be accepted with assurance for the fountain house and the levelling of the squa.re. It is clear, then, that Athens owed to the Peisistratids not only the fountain house, which we may now call the Enneakrounos, but also the inception of a program for the organization of her chief public square on a monumental scale. A word about the road system of the region. The most direct route from the Dipylon to the entrance of the Acropolis must always have passed diagonally through the area of the market square. Its course has now been established with certainty between a point 125 m. to the southeast of the Stoa of Attalos and the modern railway cutting which appears to skirt the northern edge of the square. Between the railway cutting and the Dipylon a section of it was exposed long ago by Dorpfeld 2 So that its line in this area can be fixed within a very few meters.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • VU Research Portal
    VU Research Portal The impact of empire on market prices in Babylon Pirngruber, R. 2012 document version Publisher's PDF, also known as Version of record Link to publication in VU Research Portal citation for published version (APA) Pirngruber, R. (2012). The impact of empire on market prices in Babylon: in the Late Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, ca. 400 - 140 B.C. General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal ? Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. E-mail address: [email protected] Download date: 25. Sep. 2021 THE IMPACT OF EMPIRE ON MARKET PRICES IN BABYLON in the Late Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, ca. 400 – 140 B.C. R. Pirngruber VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT THE IMPACT OF EMPIRE ON MARKET PRICES IN BABYLON in the Late Achaemenid and Seleucid periods, ca. 400 – 140 B.C. ACADEMISCH PROEFSCHRIFT ter verkrijging van de graad Doctor aan de Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, op gezag van de rector magnificus prof.dr.
    [Show full text]
  • About a Type of Islamic Incense Burner 29
    ABOUT A TYPE OF ISLAMIC INCENSE BURNER MEHMET AGA-OGLU NCENSE burners were no novel vessels produced to usheredinto a chamberand served a meal, after which the meet the specific needs of Islamic social life. The ori- incense burnerswere brought so that the guests could per- gin of thurification with various aromatic substances fume themselves before entering the caliph's presence.5 for magical, religious, or social occasions,and the devising The amount of aromatic substances,particularly aloes and of special vessels for the purpose,go far back to the histori- certain varieties of sandalwoods, used for thurification in cal beginnings of the Near Eastern peoples.1 Islam, al- the households of caliphs and dignitaries, must have been though in principle opposed to luxurious ways of life, did enormous. We are informed by al-Tabari, for example, not prevent the use of incense and perfumes. The popu- that Amr ibn al-Laith, the founder of the Saffarid dynasty larity of perfumes during the first centuries is best illus- of Eastern Iran, sent to Caliphal-Mu'tamid in the year 268 trated by the lengthy legistic opinions expressed in the (881/82) 200 minas of aloes wood which he had confis- Hadith literature,2and, among others, by a chapter in the cated from a grandson of Abu Dulaf.6 Among the proper- manual for elegant manners "of a man of polite education," ties left after his death in 301 (913), by Abu'l-Husayn written by Abu'l-Tayyib Muhammad ibn Ishaq al-Wash- Ali ibn Ahmad al-Rasibi, the 'Abbasid governor of Khu- sha.' zistan and neighboring territories,were great numbers of Historicalsources are extremely generous with accounts gold and silver vessels, perfumes, and other valuables, as on the subject.' A few examples can be cited here, and well as 4,420 mithkals of aloes wood for thurification.7 others will be presentedelsewhere.
    [Show full text]
  • Attic Pottery of the Later Fifth Century from the Athenian Agora
    ATTIC POTTERY OF THE LATER FIFTH CENTURY FROM THE ATHENIAN AGORA (PLATES 73-103) THE 1937 campaign of the American excavations in the Athenian Agora included work on the Kolonos Agoraios. One of the most interesting results was the discovery and clearing of a well 1 whose contents proved to be of considerable value for the study of Attic pottery. For this reason it has seemed desirable to present the material as a whole.2 The well is situated on the southern slopes of the Kolonos. The diameter of the shaft at the mouth is 1.14 metres; it was cleared to the bottom, 17.80 metres below the surface. The modern water-level is 11 metres down. I quote the description from the excavator's notebook: The well-shaft, unusually wide and rather well cut widens towards the bottom to a diameter of ca. 1.50 m. There were great quantities of pot- tery, mostly coarse; this pottery seems to be all of the same period . and joins In addition to the normal abbreviations for periodicals the following are used: A.B.C. A n tiquites du Bosphore Cimmerien. Anz. ArchaiologischerAnzeiger. Deubner Deubner, Attische Feste. FR. Furtwangler-Reichhold, Griechische Vasenmxlerei. Kekule Kekule, Die Reliefs an der Balustrade der Athena Nike. Kraiker Kraiker,Die rotfigurigenattischen Vasen (Collectionof the ArchaeologicalIn- stitute of Heidelberg). Langlotz Langlotz, Griechische Vasen in Wiirzburg. ML. Monumenti Antichi Pu'bblicatiper Cura della Reale Accadenia dei Lincei. Rendiconti Rendiconti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei. Richter and Hall Richter and Hall, Red-Figured Athenian Vases in the Metropolitan Museum of Art.
    [Show full text]
  • The Contest for Macedon
    The Contest for Macedon: A Study on the Conflict Between Cassander and Polyperchon (319 – 308 B.C.). Evan Pitt B.A. (Hons. I). Grad. Dip. This dissertation is submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Humanities University of Tasmania October 2016 Declaration of Originality This thesis contains no material which has been accepted for a degree or diploma by the University or any other institution, except by way of background information and duly acknowledged in the thesis, and to the best of my knowledge and belief no material previously published or written by another person except where due acknowledgement is made in the text of the thesis, nor does this thesis contain any material that infringes copyright. Evan Pitt 27/10/2016 Authority of Access This thesis may be made available for loan and limited copying in accordance with the Copyright Act 1968. Evan Pitt 27/10/2016 ii Acknowledgements A doctoral dissertation is never completed alone, and I am forever grateful to my supervisor, mentor and friend, Dr Graeme Miles, who has unfailingly encouraged and supported me over the many years. I am also thankful to all members of staff at the University of Tasmania; especially to the members of the Classics Department, Dr Jonathan Wallis for putting up with my constant stream of questions with kindness and good grace and Dr Jayne Knight for her encouragement and support during the final stages of my candidature. The concept of this thesis was from my honours project in 2011. Dr Lara O’Sullivan from the University of Western Australia identified the potential for further academic investigation in this area; I sincerely thank her for the helpful comments and hope this work goes some way to fulfil the potential she saw.
    [Show full text]
  • Religion and Reconciliation in Greek Cities (2010)
    Religion and Reconciliation in Greek Cities AMERICAN PHILOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION american classical studies volume 54 Series Editor Kathryn J. Gutzwiller Studies in Classical History and Society Meyer Reinhold Sextus Empiricus The Transmission and Recovery of Pyrrhonism Luciano Floridi The Augustan Succession An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio’s Roman History Books 55 56 (9 B.C. A.D. 14) Peter Michael Swan Greek Mythography in the Roman World Alan Cameron Virgil Recomposed The Mythological and Secular Centos in Antiquity Scott McGill Representing Agrippina Constructions of Female Power in the Early Roman Empire Judith Ginsburg Figuring Genre in Roman Satire Catherine Keane Homer’s Cosmic Fabrication Choice and Design in the Iliad Bruce Heiden Hyperides Funeral Oration Judson Herrman Religion and Reconciliation in Greek Cities The Sacred Laws of Selinus and Cyrene Noel Robertson Religion and Reconciliation in Greek Cities The Sacred Laws of Selinus and Cyrene NOEL ROBERTSON 1 2010 3 Oxford University Press, Inc., publishes works that further Oxford University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Copyright q 2010 by the American Philological Association Published by Oxford University Press, Inc. 198 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10016 www.oup.com Oxford is a registered trademark of Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of Oxford University Press.
    [Show full text]
  • Art Concepts
    ANCIENT ART - Greece Acropolis Greek, “high city.” In ancient Greece, usually the site of the city’s most important temple(s). Amphora A two-handled jar used for general storage purposes, usually to hold wine or oil. Archaic Smile In Archaic Greek sculpture, the smile sculptors represented on faces as a way of indicating that the person portrayed is alive. Atlant (Atlas) A male figure that functions as a supporting column. Black-Figure In early Greek pottery, the silhouetting of dark Painting figures against a light background of natural, reddish clay, with linear details incised through the silhouettes. Capital The uppermost member of a column, serving as a transition from the shaft to the lintel. In classical architecture, the form of the capital varies with the order. Caryatid A female figure that functions as a supporting column. Cella The chamber at the center of an ancient temple; in a classical temple, the room (Greek, naos) in which the cult statue usually stood. ANCIENT ART - Greece Centaur In ancient Greek mythology, a fantastical creature, with the front or top half of a human and the back or bottom half of a horse. Contrapposto The disposition of the human figure in which one part is turned in opposition to another part (usually hips and legs one way, shoulders and chest another), creating a counterpositioning of the body about its central axis. Sometimes called “weight shift” because the weight of the body tends to be thrown to one foot, creating tension on one side and relaxation on the other. Corinthian Corinthian columns are the latest of the three Greek styles and show the influence of Egyptian columns in their capitals, which are shaped like inverted bells.
    [Show full text]
  • Hyperseeingthe Publication of the International Society of the Arts, Mathematics, and Architecture SPRING 2010 Totem 2, a Sculpture by Carlo H
    HYPERSEEINGThe Publication of the International Society of the Arts, Mathematics, and Architecture SPRING 2010 www.isama.org Totem 2, A Sculpture by Carlo H. Séquin, A 2, Totem (ABS plastic) Articles Exhibits Resources Cartoons Books News IIlustrations Announcements Communications Articles Exhibits Resources Cartoons Books News IIlustrations ISAMA The International Society of the Arts, Mathematics, and Architecture www.isama.org BECOME A MEMBER ISAMA Membership Registration Membership in ISAMA is free. Membership implies you will receive all ISAMA email announcements concerning conferences and other news items of interest. Name…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Address……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Email address……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. Interests……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… Please email completed form to Nat Friedman at [email protected] ISAMA HYPERSEEING Editors. Ergun Akleman, Nat Friedman. Associate Editors. Javier Barrallo, Anna Campbell Bliss, Claude
    [Show full text]
  • Corpus Vasorum Antiquorum, Fascicule 5
    CORPVS VASORVM ANTIQVORVM UNITED STATES OF AMERICA • FASCICULE 29 The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu, Fascicule 5 This page intentionally left blank UNION ACADÉMIQUE INTERNATIONALE CORPVS VASORVM ANTIQVORVM THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM • MALIBU Molly and Walter Bareiss Collection Mycenaean, Faience, East Greek, Proto-Corinthian, Corinthian, Laconian, Euboean, Chalcidian, Attic geometric, Attic black-figure, Attic network, Attic black body, Attic black glaze, Apulian, Gnathia, Daunian, Lucanian, Campanian, Sicilian, Lead glaze, and Arretine MARIT R. JENTOFT-NILSEN in collaboration with A. D. TRENDALL THE J. PAUL GETTY MUSEUM FASCICULE 5 • [U.S.A. FASCICULE 29] 1994 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Corpus vasorum antiquorum. [United States of America.] The J. Paul Getty Museum, Malibu. (Corpus vasorum antiquorum. United States of America; fasc. 23, 29) At head of title : Union académique internationale. Includes bibliographical references and indexes. Contents: fasc. 1. Molly and Walter Bareiss Collection: Attic black-figured amphorae, neck-amphorae, kraters, stamnos, hydriai, and fragments of undetermined closed shapes / Andrew J. Clark—[etc.]— fasc. 5. Molly and Walter Bareiss Collection: Mycenaean, Faience, East Greek, Proto-Corinthian, Corinthian, Laconian, Euboean, Chalcidian, Attic geometric, Attic black-figure, Attic network, Attic black body, Attic black glaze, Apulian, Gnathia, Daunian, Lucanian, Campanian, Sicilian, Lead glaze and Arretine/ Marit R. Jentoft-Nilsen in collaboration with A. D. Trendall. 1. Vases, Greek—Catalogs. 2. Bareiss, Molly—Art collections—Catalogs. 3. Bareiss, Walter—Art collections—Catalogs. 4. Vases—Private collections— California—Malibu—Catalogs. 5. Vases—California— Malibu— Catalogs. I.J. Paul Getty Museum—Catalogs. II. Clark, Andrew J., 1949- III. Jentoft-Nilsen, Marit R., 1938- . IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Two Centujries of Hellenistic Pottery
    TWO CENTUJRIES OF HELLENISTIC POTTERY PLATE III INTRODUCTION' TIuE object of this study is to clarify and amplify that chapter in the ceramic history of Athens which covers the time betweeni the end of the fourth and the end of the second century B.c. The two intervening, centuries constitute a definite period in the development of Athenian potterv. From the end of the sixth down to the closing years of the fourth century, Athenian potters had concentrated on the decoration of their finer wares in the red-figure style. In the course of those two centuries the style had developed, had realized its fullest possibilities, and, in the natural course of events, had gone to seed. Among the most vigorous of the seedlings, was a style of ceramic (lecoration known as that of "West Slope Ware." It will be well representied in the groups to be discussed below. 'We shall find reason to believe that this new style sprang up in the closing years of the fourth century and flourished during the following two centuries and more. To a time but little later than that of the origin of " West Slope Ware " we mnust assign the beginning of the Atheniian mranufacture of " Mecarian Bowls," 2 These rapidly assumed such popularity as to becomne the typical finer ware amnong the deposits of habitation accu- mulated during those same two centuries. The beginning of the new era in ceramnic history was marked further by an increased rea(diness on the part of the worker in 1 The ciretumstances in which thIe paper was written have made imnpossible extensive study of com- parative material in otlher collections, and even exhaustive bibliographical references.
    [Show full text]
  • Precise Patterns
    COMMON CORE CONNECTION: PRECISE PATTERNS WORKS OF ART ➊ Amphora with Funerary Scenes, Workshop of Painter of Athens, 720–710 BCE (Geometric) ➋ Herakles and the Erymanthian Boar, Greek, 520 BCE (Archaic) ➌ Red Figure Amphora with Musical Scene, Niobid Painter, ca. 460–450 BCE (Classical) COMMON CORE CONNECTION: Standards for Mathematical Practice: MP6—Attend to Precision OVERVIEW Students will learn about patterns used by ancient Greek artists. They will create their own patterns and calculate how to draw the patterns on an amphora. VOCABULARY Amphora a large Greek storage vase with an oval body usually tapering toward the base, and two handles extending from just below the lip to the shoulder; plural form is amphorae Circumference the outer boundary, especially of a circular area; perimeter Meander an interlaced, angular design; fretwork Palmette a motif in decorative art which resembles the fan-shaped leaves of a palm tree Pattern a discernible regularity in the world or in a manmade design; the units of a pattern repeat in a predictable manner Radius straight line extending from the center of a circle or sphere to the circumference or surface ACTIVITY ➊ Show students images of the amphorae (More examples and information about the amphorae included in this lesson are available at art.thewalters.org. Further examples are available at britishmuseum.org). Ask students: What do you think these objects are? How do you think they were used in ancient Greece? An amphora is a two-handled vessel used to store wine, oil, honey, or grain. Some highly decorative vases, which depict funerary scenes, were made for burial in tombs.
    [Show full text]
  • Bridging the Hellespont: the Successor Lysimachus - a Study
    BRIDGING THE HELLESPONT: THE SUCCESSOR LYSIMACHUS - A STUDY IN EARLY HELLENISTIC KINGSHIP Helen Sarah Lund PhD University College, London ProQuest Number: 10610063 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a com plete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest ProQuest 10610063 Published by ProQuest LLC(2017). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States C ode Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC. 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106- 1346 ABSTRACT Literary evidence on Lysimachus reveals a series of images which may say more about contemporary or later views on kingship than about the actual man, given the intrusion of bias, conventional motifs and propaganda. Thrace was Lysimachus* legacy from Alexander's empire; though problems posed by its formidable tribes and limited resources excluded him from the Successors' wars for nearly ten years, its position, linking Europe and Asia, afforded him some influence, Lysimachus failed to conquer "all of Thrace", but his settlements there achieved enough stability to allow him thoughts of rule across the Hellespont, in Asia Minor, More ambitious and less cautious than is often thought, Lysimachus' acquisition of empire in Asia Minor, Macedon and Greece from c.315 BC to 284 BC reflects considerable military and diplomatic skills, deployed primarily when self-interest demanded rather than reflecting obligations as a permanent member of an "anti-Antigonid team".
    [Show full text]
  • Catalogue 101 To
    Lots 101 - 110 Lot #101: TWO VICTORIAN PLUSH-UPHOLSTERED SOFAS Each with deep-buttoned and pleated back, one sofa on turned walnut legs; 32 x 83 x 30 in. and 36 x 84 x 33 in. Estimate: $ 1000.00 - $ 1500.00 Lot #102: RENAISSANCE REVIVAL CARVED GILTWOOD WINDOW CORNICE With arched pediment surmounted by palmette flanked by meander and scrolling leaves; 28 x 80 x 10 1/2 in. Estimate: $ 300.00 - $ 500.00 Lot #102A: PAIR OF VICTORIAN-STYLE LIGHT BLUE, DARK BLUE AND SILVER SILK BROCATELLE WINDOW CURTAINS Each panel approx. 10 ft. 4 in. x 5 ft. 2 in. Estimate: $ 200.00 - $ 400.00 Lot #103: ENGLISH VICTORIAN CARVED OAK LIBRARY TABLE, GILLOWS OF LANCASTER Bearing remnants of a paper label, the molded rectangular leather- inset top with rounded ends over conforming frieze, on gadrooned turned legs surmounted by console brackets; 30 x 14 ft. 1/2 in. x 60 1/2 in. Estimate: $ 1000.00 - $ 2000.00 Lot #104: PAIR OF SECOND EMPIRE CARVED GILTWOOD SIDE CHAIRS IN THE LOUIS XVI STYLE, CHARLES MUNIER Each with chapeau-de-gendarme crest rail over lyre-shaped splat flanked by fluted columnar stiles above deep-buttoned upholstered seat, on turned legs joined by stretchers, one chair with stenciled label on underside; 34 1/2 x 16 1/2 x 16 in. Estimate: $ 150.00 - $ 250.00 Lot #105: PAIR OF ITALIAN CARVED ALABASTER MANTEL URNS Each with bowl centered by Bacchante mask and with s-scroll grapevine handles, lobed roll-over rim, leafy stem and block base; 19 1/8 x 7 in.
    [Show full text]