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National Action Plans to Implement Resolution Plementation of the Resolution in the field of 1325.1 the European Union, African Union, NATO Training and Education

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National Action Plans to Implement Resolution Plementation of the Resolution in the field of 1325.1 the European Union, African Union, NATO Training and Education Estonia’s Action Plan for the Implementation of UN Security Council Resolution 1325 “WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY” in Estonia 2010–2014 Estonian health care expert Anu Raisma carrying out a first aid training course in southern Afghanistan’s Helmand Province. Photo: Anu Raisma Introduction In October 2000 the UN Security Council unani- and post-conflict reconstruction and protect 1. mously adopted resolution 1325 where it ac- women from gender-based and sexual violence knowledged the disproportionately harmful im- in armed conflict. pact of armed conflicts on women and the need Estonia supports the implementation of Secu- to take into account the gender perspective in rity Council resolution 1325 and is a co-sponsor conflict resolution and post-conflict reconstruc- of its follow-up resolutions 1820 and 1888. The tion. The Security Council also admitted the sig- implementation of the objectives set out in res- nificant contribution of women to the mainte- olution 1325 is important for Estonia for three nance of peace and security. main reasons. Firstly, as a member of the UN, The resolution was based on the worrisome rec- European Union, NATO and the OSCE, Estonia ognition that as a result of the changing char- participates actively in maintaining internation- acter of military conflicts the majority of the al peace and security. Secondly, the promotion victims of conflicts continued to be civilians. of the rights and situation of women is one of Women are in a particularly poor situation, as the priorities of Estonia’s foreign policy, devel- conflicts increase gender-based and sexual vio- opment cooperation and human rights activi- lence targeted against women and restrict their ties. And thirdly, Estonia is contributing to inter- access to health care, education and economic national military and civil missions in countries and political activities. where conflict resolution and peace-building is directly linked to the implementation of reso- The Security Council resolution set binding lution 1325 and where the inclusion of gender tasks for the Council itself, the UN system, in- dimension in the planning and implementation ternational organisations, Member States as of missions will enhance the efficiency of inter- well as for all parties to armed conflicts. These national efforts. are aimed at ensuring inclusion of the gender perspective in crisis management operations, The implementation of the objectives estab- increase the role women in conflict resolution lished in the resolution is also vital for Estonia ESTONIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS 1 as a candidate for the UN Security Council for Security Council resolution 1325 and its follow- 2020–2021. up resolutions. The plan incorporates Estonia’s activities related to women, peace and security Although this autumn marks the 10th anniver- in the field of foreign policy, human rights, de- sary of the adoption of the resolution, the UN as velopment cooperation and humanitarian as- well as the member states are far from achieving sistance as well as international military and civil their goals. Women and girls are still involved in missions. The action plan shall be implemented armed conflicts with serious effects and interna- in cooperation with the representatives of the tional efforts to include the gender perspective Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Defence, in conflict resolution have often reached only Ministry of the Interior, Ministry of Social Affairs, the initial stage. Ministry of Justice, Ministry of Education and Re- The objective of this action plan is to systema- search, their agencies and civil society organisa- tise and enhance Estonia’s efforts to implement tions. Principles and Process of Compiling the Plan The following principles have served as a basis The plan covers the areas where Estonia can 2. for compiling the action plan: contribute to the implementation of the ob- jectives of resolution 1325, including interna- . to base the plan on the already existing ac- tions in the field of peace, security, develop- tional diplomacy, development cooperation ment and gender equality, reinforcing and and humanitarian assistance as well as interna- systematising them through the plan; tional military and civil missions. to focus on specific priorities to ensure the The action plan was compiled by an interde- maximum efficiency of Estonia’s contribu- partmental working group formed by the tion; Ministry of Foreign Affairs, which included min- istries, agencies and other parties whose activi- . to associate Estonia’s other planning docu- ties are related to the subject of women, peace ments, including development plans and and security. The working group consisted of strategies, with the action plan consider- the representatives of the Ministry of Foreign ing the action plan’s interrelatedness with a Affairs, Ministry of Defence, Ministry of the Inte- number of different fields of activity. rior, Ministry of Social Affairs, Ministry of Justice, The plan covers all the main areas of resolution Ministry of Education and Research, General 1325 and its follow-up resolutions, including Staff of the Defence Forces, Police and Border the inclusion of the gender perspective in con- Guard Board, Rescue Board, Academy of Se- flict resolution and peace-building, the partici- curity Sciences and civil society organisations. pation of women in maintaining peace and se- The working group finalised its work in October curity and the protection of the rights of women 2010. in conflict, including protection from violence. The compilation of the action plan was founded The efforts included in the plan have been di- on an analysis of Estonia’s activities related to vided between activities to be implemented women, peace and security to date in order to at the national level and in international or- define, on this basis, its further priorities. The ganisations. The purpose of the division is to analysis also included the latest steps taken to ensure the efficiency of Estonia’s activities and implement resolution 1325 in international or- avoid duplication, focusing on the activity in ganisations whose efforts Estonia through its the context where it leads to the best results. membership is contributing to. The increasing incorporation of the gender per- spective in the EU, NATO and the UN activities In addition to putting together the action plan, on peace and security and efforts within the the objective of the working group was to de- framework of these organisations enable Esto- velop closer contacts and increase awareness nia to multiply the impact of its activities. How- among parties related to the issue of women, ever, the engagement in international organisa- peace and security, especially in connection tions does not mean disregarding work at the with the 10th anniversary of the adoption of res- national level. olution 1325. ESTONIAN MINISTRY OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS 2 Priorities of the Action Plan In accordance with Estonia’s current activities, . increasing the number of experts on gender 3. capacities and its main objectives related to issues and the provision of training for them, peace and security, the action plan focuses on as well as increasing general awareness of the following activities: women, peace and security in institutions . political and diplomatic activities in interna- dealing with peace and security; tional organisations; . expansion of women’s opportunities to par- . bilateral and multilateral development co- ticipate in international military and civil op- operation, and humanitarian assistance to erations and increasing the representation of improve the conditions of women in post- women in international positions related to conflict situations; the maintenance of peace and security. Women in Conflict – UN Security Council Resolution 1325 (2000) and International Efforts in Implementing the Resolution By resolution 1325 (2000) adopted in 2000, the The first Security Council resolution on women, 4. UN Security Council for the first time affirmed peace and security was followed by resolution the importance of the gender perspective in the 1820 (2008) in 2008 that supplemented the maintenance of peace and security. The resolu- provisions of resolution 1325 with respect to tion has led to the recognition of the following sexual violence in conflict. The Security Council aspects of armed conflicts: noted that sexual violence, when used or com- missioned as a tactic of war in order to deliber- . Conflicts have a different impact on women ately target civilians or as part of a widespread and men. Conflict prevention, resolution or systematic attack against civilian popula- and post-conflict peace-building affect tions, can significantly exacerbate situations of women and men in a dissimilar manner and armed conflict and may impede the restora- both have a differing role in these proc- tion of international peace. In the autumn of esses. The planning and implementation of 2009 the Security Council adopted two other peacekeeping operations and post-conflict resolutions taking the previous texts further. recovery has to take into account the various Resolution 1888 (2009) endorsed the creation needs of women and men and the different of a position of a Special Representative of the impact that these activities have on them. Secretary-General on sexual violence in armed Disregard for this consideration decreases conflict and the establishment of a rapid reac- the efficiency and sustainability of the activi- tion team of experts. The second resolution ties overall. 1889 (2009) requested that the UN with the as- . Due to widespread gender-based violence, sistance of Member States collect information including sexual violence, conflicts have a about the needs of women in a conflict and specific and serious impact on women. The also requested that the UN Secretary-General use of sexual violence as a tactic of war has submit to the Security Council the proposals for become increasingly frequent. The overrid- a set of indicators that would enable tracking ing majority of victims of armed conflicts are the implementation of resolution 1325. The UN, civilians. Member States and civil society have continued to develop the indicators in 2010.
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