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Initial Environmental Examination Sri Lanka: Northern Province

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Initial Environmental Examination Sri Lanka: Northern Province Initial Environmental Examination July 2018 Sri Lanka: Northern Province Sustainable Fisheries Development Project: Point Pedro Harbor Main Report Prepared by Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development and Rural Economic Affairs for the Asian Development Bank. This initial environmental examination is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section on ADB’s website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Initial Environment Examination Report – Draft Final Report July 2018 (Updated 23.07.2018) Northern Province Sustainable Fisheries Development Project- Point Pedro Port Development Project Prepared by the Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resource Development and Rural Economic Affairs, Sri Lankan Government for the Asian Development Bank (ADB). EML Consultants (Pvt) Ltd i CURRENCY EQUIVALENTS (AS OF 01 March 2017) Currency Unit Sri Lanka Rupee 1 US$ = 157.88 LKR 0.0063 US$ = 1 LKR ABBREVIATIONS ADB Asian Development Bank CBO Community Based Organizations CCA Coastal Conservation Act CCCRMD Coastal Conservation and Coastal Resources Management Department CCS Climate Change Secretariat CCRF Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries CEA Central Environmental Authority CECB Central Engineering Consultancy Bureau CEMP Contractor Environmental Management Plan DoA Department of Archaeology DC Development Consent DDT Detail Design Team DFAR Department of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources DMC Disaster Management Center DS District Secretariat DSC Design & Supervision Consultant DWC Department of Wildlife Conservation EA Executing Agency EEZ Exclusive Economic Zone EHSG Environmental. Health and Safety Guidelines – World Bank EICC East Indian Coastal Current EMP Environmental Management Plan EMMP Environmental Management and Monitoring Plan EnA Environmental Assessment EPL Environmental Protection Licensing FD Forest Department FMA Fisheries Management Areas GoSL Government of Sri Lanka GRM Grievance Redress Mechanism GSMB Geological Survey and Mines Bureau ha hectares IA Implementing Agency IEE Initial Environmental Examination IES International Environment Specialist IMUL Inboard Multiday Boats INDC Intended Nationally Determined Contributions NPISEA Northern Province Integrated Strategic Environmental Assessment IUU Illegal, Unreported and Unregulated LST Long shore Sediment Transport M Meters ii MDM Ministry of Disaster Management MEPA Marine Environment Protection Authority MFARDREA Ministry of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources Development & Rural Economic Affairs MHWL Mean High Water Line MIAWDCA Ministry of Internal Affairs, Wayamba Development and Cultural Affairs NMC North Monsoon Current MLWL Mean Low Water Line MMDE Ministry of Mahaweli Development & Environment MoA Ministry of Agriculture MoL Ministry of Lands MSDW Ministry of Sustainable Development and Wildlife MSL Mean Sea level (MSL). NBSAP National Biodiversity Strategic Action Plan NDC Nationally Determined Contributions NEA National Environmental Act NES National Environment Specialist NGO Non Governmental Organizations NMC North Monsoon Current NPC Northern Provincial Council NPoA National Plan of Action NPSFDP Northern Province Sustainable Fisheries Development Project NWSDB National Water Supply and Drainage Board PAA Project Approving Agencies PDA Project Development Assistance PIU Project Implementation Unit PMU Project Management Unit PPPDP Point Pedro Port Development Project PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance PRDA Provincial Road Development Authority PS Pradeshiya Sabha RDA Road Development Authority REA Rapid Environmental Assessment SC Supervision Consultants (SC) SD Sri Lanka Dome SEOs Strategic Environmental Objectives SAMP Special Area Management Plans SMA Special Management Areas SMC South Monsoon Current SPS Safeguard Policy Statement WICC West Indian Coastal Current WEIGHTS AND MEASURES Ha - Hectare Kg - kilogram Km - Kilometer M - Meter iii GLOSSARY Adaptation The process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects. In human systems, adaptation seeks to moderate or avoid harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In some natural systems, human intervention may facilitate adjustment to expected climate and its effects (IPCC, 2014). Anchorage A location/development that includes Marine Structures or Dredging (fishery) to provide shelter for Fiber Reinforced Plastic Boats with Outboard Engines OFRP boats and Traditional Crafts (TCs) with or without OBEs (i.e. Mechanized or Non-Mechanized) Aquatic Living aquatic organisms include any seaweed, phytoplankton or Resources other aquatic flora and non-living substances found in an aquatic medium (Government of Sri Lanka, 2016). Biological Variability among living organisms from all sources including, inter diversity alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species and of ecosystems. (UN, 1992b). Climate Climate in a narrow sense is usually defined as the average weather, or more rigorously, as the statistical description in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over a period of time ranging from months to thousands or millions of years. The classical period for averaging these variables is 30 years, as defined by the World Meteorological Organization. The relevant quantities are most often surface variables, such as temperature, precipitation and wind. Climate in a wider sense is the state, including a statistical description, of the climate system. {WGI, II, III}, (IPCC, 2014). Climate Change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g., by change using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to natural internal processes or external forcing, such as modulations of the solar cycles, volcanic eruptions and persistent anthropogenic changes in the composition of the atmosphere or in land use. Note that the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), in its Article 1, defines climate change as: ‘a change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods’. The UNFCCC thus makes a distinction between climate change attributable to human activities altering the atmospheric composition and climate variability attributable to natural causes. See also Detection and Attribution. {WGI, II, III}, (IPCC, 2014). Coastal The right of the public, to approach, enter or use an approach to access enter into, or to go along a coastal margin in a physical and visual sense and also includes access along the shoreline, usually a strip of plan parallel to the waters edge or path or trail which connects the nearest public roadway with a shoreline destination along a reasonable direct route or access to the shoreline from a public iv road to the Mean High Water Level (Government of Sri Lanka, 2011). Coastal zone The area lying within a limit of three hundred meters landwards of the Mean High Water line and a limit of two kilometers seawards of the Mean Low Water Line and in the case of rivers, streams, lagoons, or any other body of water connected to the sea either permanently or periodically, the landward boundary shall extend to a limit of two kilometers measured perpendicular to the straight base line drawn between the natural entrance points thereof and shall include the waters of such rivers, streams and lagoons or any other body of water so connected to the sea, and shall also include the area lying within a further extended limit of one hundred meters inland from the zero Mean Sea Level along the periphery;" (Government of Sri Lanka, 2011). Critical habitat A subset of both natural and modified habitat that deserves particular attention. Critical habitat includes areas with high biodiversity value, including habitat required for the survival of critically endangered or endangered species; areas having special significance for endemic or restricted-range species; sites that are critical for the survival of migratory species; areas supporting globally significant concentrations or numbers of individuals of congregatory species; areas with unique assemblages of species or that are associated with key evolutionary processes or provide key ecosystem services; and areas having biodiversity of significant social, economic, or cultural importance to local communities (ADB, 2009). Fish Any water dwelling aquatic or marine animal, alive or not, and includes their eggs, spawn, spat and juvenile stages, and any of their parts, and includes all organisms belonging to sedentary species (Government of Sri Lanka, 2016). Fishery A location/development that includes only Shore Facilities to landing site provide shelter for OFRP Boats and Traditional Crafts (TCs) with or without OBEs (i.e. Mechanized or Non-Mechanized) (UoM, 2016a). Impacts Effects on natural and human systems. In this report, the term
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