Do You Have the Leadership “Wow” Factor?

JUNE 2014 | icma.org/pm INSIDE

4 POINtERS FOR GRADUATES

10 EMINENTLY SENSIBLE

20 SPECIAL THANKS TO CONTRIBUTORS

34 BIZARRO SUPERMANAGER

2014 Annua l Co nference PRELIMINA GUIDE RY SIMPLY FLIP YOUR MAGAZINE OVER! Ex ecutive Presence Do you have the leadership “wow” factor?

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eGovLIVE_2014_PM.indd 1 4/9/14 11:59 AM contents June 2014 | Vol. 96 No. 5

Preliminary guide

to icma’s 2014 cover story annual conference See it here first! Flip over the magazine to see the conference preliminary program

Registration opens June 2 icma.org/conference2014 Save the most register by July 8

The world’s foremost professional development opportunity for local government managers

departments

2 Ethics Matter! Navigating the Job Search Process

4 On Point ExEcutivE What Pointers Would You Give Graduates on Finding Their First Job?

5 @icma.org

5 ICMA Anniversary Moment Presence in History 20 Special Report A Special Thanks to Do you have the 2013 Supporters leadership “wow” factor? 26 Commentary From Coast to Coast David Limardi, highland park, illinoiS; David Morrison, 28 Management Minute palatine, illinoiS; and Daven – Taming Print and Copy Costs Morrison, palatine, illinoiS – There Are Grants for That – Take Control of the Travel Budget

31 Professional Services Directory

34 Short Story features6 Bizarro Supermanager

12 EMInEntly SEnSIblE 17 EyE On tHE Find out why and how mediation works SuPREME COuRt icma.org/pm in eminent domain cases. Update on 2013–2014 court cases this issue of PM is available online Stanley Leasure, Springfield, MiSSouri, that relate to local governments. at icma.org/pm May 27, 2013. and Ray Gosack, fort SMith, arkanSaS Lisa Soronen, Wa Shington, d.C. icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 1 ethics matter! | job search 2013–2014 By MArThA PErEGo ICMA ExECutIvE BoArd informing the recruiter or organiza- work there regardless of how much tion of your status as a candidate in compensation they are willing to offer. NavigatiNg PRESIDEnt other places. once you give your verbal accep- Simon Farbrother* tance of the terms outlined in an em- City Manager, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Due diligence. responsibility for ployment agreement or offer letter, you the Job Search PRESIDEnt-ElECt thoroughly evaluating the position, are committed. oral acceptance of an Public Management (PM) aims to inspire James bennett* organization, and community to innovation, inform decision making, City Manager, Presque Isle, Maine employment offer is considered binding connect leading-edge thinking to everyday determine whether it will be a good fit unless the employer makes fundamental ProceSS PASt PRESIDEnt How to land the next great position with your dignity challenges, and serve ICMA members both personally and professionally rests changes in terms of employment. and local governments worldwide in the bonnie Svrcek* and ethical standards intact pursuit of excellence in local governance. Deputy City Manager, Lynchburg, Virginia with you. at this point, you should cease interviewing with other employers. an VICE PRESIDEntS nyone who has searched for an educational credentials, google “Yahoo ICMA ExECutIVE DIRECtOR Getting to Yes interview at this stage is like going out Robert O’neill, Jr. West coast region executive-level position in the Ceo thompson.” Misstating your cre- troy brown the offer to join the organization on a date after getting engaged to be DIRECtOR OF PublISHIng local government job market dentials and employment history—yes, Assistant City Manager, Livermore, California as the next manager is just that: an married: it sends the wrong message A Ann Mahoney knows that it can be a daunting process. even omitting short tenures—can have Rodney gould* offer. it’s entirely contingent upon about your level of commitment. EDItOR City Manager, Santa Monica, California unlike counterparts in the private and serious repercussions for your reputation beth Payne Robert Harrison nonprofit sectors, local government and future employment. DESIgn City Administrator, Issaquah, Washington managers don’t have the luxury of thor Design Studio mountain Plains region competing for their next job quietly complete candor. at times there may www.thor-studio.com Mary Jacobs* Public Management (PM) (USPS: 449-300) Just like the sports Athlete, A behind closed doors. be something in a candidate’s record that Assistant City Manager, Sierra Vista, Arizona is published monthly except February by ICMA (the today’s transparency standard means is best shared early in the process and by International City/County Management Association) Mark McDaniel* locAl government professionAl is at 777 North Capitol Street. N.E., Washington, D.C. City Manager, Tyler, Texas that at a minimum, the names of final- the candidate. Better to be forthcoming 20002-4201. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, Jane brautigam* D.C., and at additional mailing offices. The opinions A free Agent who is free to Apply ists will be disclosed. in a few states, as a demonstration of honesty than to City Manager, Boulder, Colorado expressed in the magazine are those of the authors and just applying will get your name in the stay silent and have a matter disclosed in do not necessarily reflect the views of ICMA. midWest region for positions And interview with paper. the public’s right to know and a background check. COPyRIgHt 2014 by the International City/County Robert Kiely, Jr.* Management Association. All rights reserved. have confidence in the integrity of the City Manager, Lake Forest, Illinois multiple orgAnizAtions. Material may not be reproduced or translated without process is certainly important. But every Free agency. Just like the sports athlete, written permission. Andrew Pederson* Village Manager, Bayside, Wisconsin disclosure that you are seeking a position a local government professional is a free REPRIntS: Apply to the editor for permission to reprint elsewhere has the potential to burn some agent who is free to apply for positions any part of the magazine. tanya Ange Deputy City Manager, Mankato, Minnesota political capital at the home base. and interview with multiple organiza- SubSCRIPtIOnS: U.S. subscription rate, $46 per year; other both parties reaching agreement on With your commitment in hand, countries subscription rate, $155 per year: single copies, $10. southeast region then there is the challenge that if tions. the person is not under any ethi- Printed in the United States. the compensation and terms. the it is up to the governing body to you are offered the job, you end up cal obligation to tell his or her current Contact: 202/289-4262; [email protected]. Kenneth Chandler* process of getting from offer to the hold up its end of the bargain and Portsmouth, Virginia negotiating terms and compensation employer about looking elsewhere. POStMAStER: Send address changes to Public finish line (i.e., governing body ap- approve the agreement. Management, ICMA, 777 N. Capitol Street, N.E., Edwin Worsley, Jr.* with an individual who doesn’t have the But as with most things in life, timing Suite 500, Washington, D.C. 20002-4201. Deputy County Manager, Durham County, proval) is a tango. Both parties need North Carolina legal authority to seal the deal. hiring is important. if you do not wish to burn ARtIClE PROPOSAlS: Visit icma.org/pm to see to be moving in sync. Integrity Matters the manager and approving the employ- any bridges, advance notice to the current “Editorial Guidelines” for contributors. Alan Ours* assuming that you want to work unlike the professional athlete who goes County Administrator, Glynn County, Georgia ment agreement requires the vote of the employer before the news leaks out works EDItORIAl InFORMAtIOn for the organization, the appropriate to the highest bidder, iCMa members full governing body. well. and of course, if you are relying on 202/962-3619 northeast region response to the offer is “yes, contin- should not entertain a counter offer and public processes by their very certain people for a reference, advance [email protected] John bohenko* gent upon reaching agreement with from their current employer. in a public City Manager, Portsmouth, New Hampshire nature are not speedy ones. By the time discussions are a must do. ADVERtISIng SAlES Jennifer Kimball the organization.” regardless of how process, you have given your word. all this takes place, months have passed. participating in multiple recruitment Ben Harmon Assistant City Manager, Rockville, Maryland much ground was covered during the Withdrawing your acceptance to The Townsend Group, Inc. those actively searching for a new processes gets challenging as you progress Tel: 301/215-6710 x106 Meredith Stengel Robson interview about your terms, do not take more money is bad form and City Administrator, Beacon, New York position can find themselves involved in to the next level. You may find yourself Fax: 301/215-7704 be surprised if the governing body reflects poorly on the profession. [email protected] multiple recruitments, each at varying a finalist in two or more recruitments. international region starts the negotiation from a differ- Members who accept an appointment PRIntIng David Johnstone stages of the process. it’s fine to continue interviewing for any Westland Printers ent position. or has an issue with a to a position should not fail to report City Manager, Candiac, Quebec, Canada as you search for your next great and all jobs as long as you have a serious Laurel, Maryland particular requirement. that’s why for that position. Stephen Parry position, consider this practical advice interest in the position. don’t waste the Chief Executive, Gore District Council, it’s called a negotiation. to assist in navigating your way to a recruiter’s or organization’s time if after New Zealand Your verbal acceptance starts successful outcome. the first interview you don’t see yourself lars Wilms the negotiation process and signals Chief Executive Officer, MARtHA PEREgO working in that organization. Egedal Kommune, Denmark your willingness to get to yes. never Ethics Director, ICMA Washington, D.C. Accurate resumés. for evidence of the if you progress beyond the initial start the negotiation process with an [email protected] importance of accuracy in presenting interview, you may want to consider icma.org | icma.org/pm *ICMA Credentialed Manager (ICMA-CM) organization if you do not intend to

2 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 3 ethics matter! | job search 2013–2014 By MArThA PErEGo ICMA ExECutIvE BoArd informing the recruiter or organiza- work there regardless of how much tion of your status as a candidate in compensation they are willing to offer. NavigatiNg PRESIDEnt other places. once you give your verbal accep- Simon Farbrother* tance of the terms outlined in an em- City Manager, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada Due diligence. responsibility for ployment agreement or offer letter, you the Job Search PRESIDEnt-ElECt thoroughly evaluating the position, are committed. oral acceptance of an Public Management (PM) aims to inspire James bennett* organization, and community to innovation, inform decision making, City Manager, Presque Isle, Maine employment offer is considered binding connect leading-edge thinking to everyday determine whether it will be a good fit unless the employer makes fundamental ProceSS PASt PRESIDEnt How to land the next great position with your dignity challenges, and serve ICMA members both personally and professionally rests changes in terms of employment. and local governments worldwide in the bonnie Svrcek* and ethical standards intact pursuit of excellence in local governance. Deputy City Manager, Lynchburg, Virginia with you. at this point, you should cease interviewing with other employers. an VICE PRESIDEntS nyone who has searched for an educational credentials, google “Yahoo ICMA ExECutIVE DIRECtOR Getting to Yes interview at this stage is like going out Robert O’neill, Jr. West coast region executive-level position in the Ceo thompson.” Misstating your cre- troy brown the offer to join the organization on a date after getting engaged to be DIRECtOR OF PublISHIng local government job market dentials and employment history—yes, Assistant City Manager, Livermore, California as the next manager is just that: an married: it sends the wrong message A Ann Mahoney knows that it can be a daunting process. even omitting short tenures—can have Rodney gould* offer. it’s entirely contingent upon about your level of commitment. EDItOR City Manager, Santa Monica, California unlike counterparts in the private and serious repercussions for your reputation beth Payne Robert Harrison nonprofit sectors, local government and future employment. DESIgn City Administrator, Issaquah, Washington managers don’t have the luxury of thor Design Studio mountain Plains region competing for their next job quietly complete candor. at times there may www.thor-studio.com Mary Jacobs* Public Management (PM) (USPS: 449-300) Just like the sports Athlete, A behind closed doors. be something in a candidate’s record that Assistant City Manager, Sierra Vista, Arizona is published monthly except February by ICMA (the today’s transparency standard means is best shared early in the process and by International City/County Management Association) Mark McDaniel* locAl government professionAl is at 777 North Capitol Street. N.E., Washington, D.C. City Manager, Tyler, Texas that at a minimum, the names of final- the candidate. Better to be forthcoming 20002-4201. Periodicals postage paid at Washington, Jane brautigam* D.C., and at additional mailing offices. The opinions A free Agent who is free to Apply ists will be disclosed. in a few states, as a demonstration of honesty than to City Manager, Boulder, Colorado expressed in the magazine are those of the authors and just applying will get your name in the stay silent and have a matter disclosed in do not necessarily reflect the views of ICMA. midWest region for positions And interview with paper. the public’s right to know and a background check. COPyRIgHt 2014 by the International City/County Robert Kiely, Jr.* Management Association. All rights reserved. have confidence in the integrity of the City Manager, Lake Forest, Illinois multiple orgAnizAtions. Material may not be reproduced or translated without process is certainly important. But every Free agency. Just like the sports athlete, written permission. Andrew Pederson* Village Manager, Bayside, Wisconsin disclosure that you are seeking a position a local government professional is a free REPRIntS: Apply to the editor for permission to reprint elsewhere has the potential to burn some agent who is free to apply for positions any part of the magazine. tanya Ange Deputy City Manager, Mankato, Minnesota political capital at the home base. and interview with multiple organiza- SubSCRIPtIOnS: U.S. subscription rate, $46 per year; other both parties reaching agreement on With your commitment in hand, countries subscription rate, $155 per year: single copies, $10. southeast region then there is the challenge that if tions. the person is not under any ethi- Printed in the United States. the compensation and terms. the it is up to the governing body to you are offered the job, you end up cal obligation to tell his or her current Contact: 202/289-4262; [email protected]. Kenneth Chandler* process of getting from offer to the hold up its end of the bargain and Portsmouth, Virginia negotiating terms and compensation employer about looking elsewhere. POStMAStER: Send address changes to Public finish line (i.e., governing body ap- approve the agreement. Management, ICMA, 777 N. Capitol Street, N.E., Edwin Worsley, Jr.* with an individual who doesn’t have the But as with most things in life, timing Suite 500, Washington, D.C. 20002-4201. Deputy County Manager, Durham County, proval) is a tango. Both parties need North Carolina legal authority to seal the deal. hiring is important. if you do not wish to burn ARtIClE PROPOSAlS: Visit icma.org/pm to see to be moving in sync. Integrity Matters the manager and approving the employ- any bridges, advance notice to the current “Editorial Guidelines” for contributors. Alan Ours* assuming that you want to work unlike the professional athlete who goes County Administrator, Glynn County, Georgia ment agreement requires the vote of the employer before the news leaks out works EDItORIAl InFORMAtIOn for the organization, the appropriate to the highest bidder, iCMa members full governing body. well. and of course, if you are relying on 202/962-3619 northeast region response to the offer is “yes, contin- should not entertain a counter offer and public processes by their very certain people for a reference, advance [email protected] John bohenko* gent upon reaching agreement with from their current employer. in a public City Manager, Portsmouth, New Hampshire nature are not speedy ones. By the time discussions are a must do. ADVERtISIng SAlES Jennifer Kimball the organization.” regardless of how process, you have given your word. all this takes place, months have passed. participating in multiple recruitment Ben Harmon Assistant City Manager, Rockville, Maryland much ground was covered during the Withdrawing your acceptance to The Townsend Group, Inc. those actively searching for a new processes gets challenging as you progress Tel: 301/215-6710 x106 Meredith Stengel Robson interview about your terms, do not take more money is bad form and City Administrator, Beacon, New York position can find themselves involved in to the next level. You may find yourself Fax: 301/215-7704 be surprised if the governing body reflects poorly on the profession. [email protected] multiple recruitments, each at varying a finalist in two or more recruitments. international region starts the negotiation from a differ- Members who accept an appointment PRIntIng David Johnstone stages of the process. it’s fine to continue interviewing for any Westland Printers ent position. or has an issue with a to a position should not fail to report City Manager, Candiac, Quebec, Canada as you search for your next great and all jobs as long as you have a serious Laurel, Maryland particular requirement. that’s why for that position. Stephen Parry position, consider this practical advice interest in the position. don’t waste the Chief Executive, Gore District Council, it’s called a negotiation. to assist in navigating your way to a recruiter’s or organization’s time if after New Zealand Your verbal acceptance starts successful outcome. the first interview you don’t see yourself lars Wilms the negotiation process and signals Chief Executive Officer, MARtHA PEREgO working in that organization. Egedal Kommune, Denmark your willingness to get to yes. never Ethics Director, ICMA Washington, D.C. Accurate resumés. for evidence of the if you progress beyond the initial start the negotiation process with an [email protected] importance of accuracy in presenting interview, you may want to consider icma.org | icma.org/pm *ICMA Credentialed Manager (ICMA-CM) organization if you do not intend to

2 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 3 on point | “smart” risks @icma.org Visit icma.org to learn more about these topics. What PoiNterS Would you give receNt graduateS oN fiNdiNg their firSt Job iN local goverNmeNt? dazzle them 2 With ProfeSSioNal SuStaiNability admiNiStratioN This briefing iN mexico Defying the Odds: Sustainability in paper offers case After years of groundwork by ICMA Small and Rural Places México-Latinoamérica and ICMA’s A briefing paper from the ICMA Center for Sustainable Communities studies from small lOuIE CHAPMAn, JR. REbECCA VAnCE, ICMA-CM ROn MAttIuSSI APRIl lynCH 1 members, the governing council of communities that City Manager City Manager City Manager City Manager Navolato, in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, delray Beach, florida Cayce, South Carolina kelowna, BC, Canada ferndale, Michigan have implemented created the position of municipal [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] George Homsy sustainability Department of Public Administration Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York administrator as a nonpartisan, nonpolitical Mildred Warner policies and are Department of City and Regional Planning council appointee. This was a significant in seeking that first job, the Be willing to accept such My advice to a recent graduate the face of local government Cornell University, Ithaca, New York doing their part step in a country where all government recent graduate should con- positions as internships, would be to start by getting as is changing so quickly that the to protect the sider what first attracted him entry-level planner, research much information as possible traditional track of becoming chief executives are strong mayors and or her to local government. analyst special-project about the local government. a city or county manager has environment. virtually all management positions are held a graduate who can match coordinator, and jobs in Most local governments are taken multiple detours. icma.org/ by the mayor’s political allies. those embers that lit the small communities in order open and transparent, so the i would encourage new sustainability policies icma.org/navolato flame of interest in seeking to gain experience. graduate should have every grads to stay open to their a career in government will the public sector is just opportunity to do the neces- career path. So many look in find the search to be easier. like the private sector in the sary research. one direction—being a city people who are good fact that you have to work employers are impressed manager—that they don’t see icma anniversary communicators are an asset your way up. there is no by someone who has taken other opportunities. to most organizations seek- shortcut to the top. the time to find out about Be creative; look for ing entry-level employees. do the tasks, projects, or their organizations. Set up unique positions or intern- this includes verbal, written, initiatives that no one else an appointment to speak ships that give your resume and computer skills, as these wants to do because you will to someone about career depth. Becoming an assistant Mo Ment in History are the abilities sought by have gained the knowledge opportunities. Be persistent manager isn’t the only route local government human that no one else in your orga- but respectful, and recognize to a dream job. if you can’t June 1922 was an of Petersburg, Virginia, and Knoxville, Tennessee, resources personnel. nization was willing to gain. that these are busy people find an internship or position exciting time for what was elected CMA president. Along with Charles E. a graduate’s resume Be like a sponge and who you are asking to share that suits your interests, call was then the City Merriam, a highly respected member of the University should emphasize the skills absorb all of the information their time. a local government and offer Managers Association of Chicago political science faculty and president of that have been obtained you can on as many diverse ask if you can visit your talents. (CMA). The association the American Political Science Association, Brownlow and will contribute to better projects as you can get. to be to introduce yourself. Be Working for free won’t moved to Lawrence, diligently sought foundation funding and other communications between the a manager, you need to be a flexible and also recognize pay the bills, but it will help Kansas, and appointed support for CMA. government and its residents. jack of all trades. you might need to consider you pave a path for your John G. Stutz as full- To learn more about the many milestones in the history Be somewhat flexible how You will be faced with a a different community and future career. time executive secretary of ICMA, its members, and the professionalism of local the skill set is presented to a wider and more varied range accept a junior position to and editor of the City government management, visit icma.org/anniversary prospective employer, because of things then you could get into the system. Manager Bulletin. Stutz and scroll through the anniversary timeline on the what may interest an em- ever imagine in your wildest also continued to serve homepage. Also watch this space in PM, where we’ll ployer in a particular graduate dreams, and you never as secretary of the Municipal Reference Bureau at the highlight an anniversary moment each month. may not be the same factor know when you will be University of Kansas and as executive director of the that an individual thinks is his able to use that one nugget League of Kansas Municipalities. He would serve CMA or her strongest asset. of information you learned until 1929. when doing that one task or Also in 1922, Louis Brownlow, an American taking that one position that journalist, political scientist, and former city manager no one else wanted.

4 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 5 on point | “smart” risks @icma.org Visit icma.org to learn more about these topics. What PoiNterS Would you give receNt graduateS oN fiNdiNg their firSt Job iN local goverNmeNt? dazzle them 2 With ProfeSSioNal SuStaiNability admiNiStratioN This briefing iN mexico Defying the Odds: Sustainability in paper offers case After years of groundwork by ICMA Small and Rural Places México-Latinoamérica and ICMA’s A briefing paper from the ICMA Center for Sustainable Communities studies from small lOuIE CHAPMAn, JR. REbECCA VAnCE, ICMA-CM ROn MAttIuSSI APRIl lynCH 1 members, the governing council of communities that City Manager City Manager City Manager City Manager Navolato, in the state of Sinaloa, Mexico, delray Beach, florida Cayce, South Carolina kelowna, BC, Canada ferndale, Michigan have implemented created the position of municipal [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] George Homsy sustainability Department of Public Administration Binghamton University, Binghamton, New York administrator as a nonpartisan, nonpolitical Mildred Warner policies and are Department of City and Regional Planning council appointee. This was a significant in seeking that first job, the Be willing to accept such My advice to a recent graduate the face of local government Cornell University, Ithaca, New York doing their part step in a country where all government recent graduate should con- positions as internships, would be to start by getting as is changing so quickly that the to protect the sider what first attracted him entry-level planner, research much information as possible traditional track of becoming chief executives are strong mayors and or her to local government. analyst special-project about the local government. a city or county manager has environment. virtually all management positions are held a graduate who can match coordinator, and jobs in Most local governments are taken multiple detours. icma.org/ by the mayor’s political allies. those embers that lit the small communities in order open and transparent, so the i would encourage new sustainability policies icma.org/navolato flame of interest in seeking to gain experience. graduate should have every grads to stay open to their a career in government will the public sector is just opportunity to do the neces- career path. So many look in find the search to be easier. like the private sector in the sary research. one direction—being a city people who are good fact that you have to work employers are impressed manager—that they don’t see icma anniversary communicators are an asset your way up. there is no by someone who has taken other opportunities. to most organizations seek- shortcut to the top. the time to find out about Be creative; look for ing entry-level employees. do the tasks, projects, or their organizations. Set up unique positions or intern- this includes verbal, written, initiatives that no one else an appointment to speak ships that give your resume and computer skills, as these wants to do because you will to someone about career depth. Becoming an assistant Mo Ment in History are the abilities sought by have gained the knowledge opportunities. Be persistent manager isn’t the only route local government human that no one else in your orga- but respectful, and recognize to a dream job. if you can’t June 1922 was an of Petersburg, Virginia, and Knoxville, Tennessee, resources personnel. nization was willing to gain. that these are busy people find an internship or position exciting time for what was elected CMA president. Along with Charles E. a graduate’s resume Be like a sponge and who you are asking to share that suits your interests, call was then the City Merriam, a highly respected member of the University should emphasize the skills absorb all of the information their time. a local government and offer Managers Association of Chicago political science faculty and president of that have been obtained you can on as many diverse ask if you can visit your talents. (CMA). The association the American Political Science Association, Brownlow and will contribute to better projects as you can get. to be to introduce yourself. Be Working for free won’t moved to Lawrence, diligently sought foundation funding and other communications between the a manager, you need to be a flexible and also recognize pay the bills, but it will help Kansas, and appointed support for CMA. government and its residents. jack of all trades. you might need to consider you pave a path for your John G. Stutz as full- To learn more about the many milestones in the history Be somewhat flexible how You will be faced with a a different community and future career. time executive secretary of ICMA, its members, and the professionalism of local the skill set is presented to a wider and more varied range accept a junior position to and editor of the City government management, visit icma.org/anniversary prospective employer, because of things then you could get into the system. Manager Bulletin. Stutz and scroll through the anniversary timeline on the what may interest an em- ever imagine in your wildest also continued to serve homepage. Also watch this space in PM, where we’ll ployer in a particular graduate dreams, and you never as secretary of the Municipal Reference Bureau at the highlight an anniversary moment each month. may not be the same factor know when you will be University of Kansas and as executive director of the that an individual thinks is his able to use that one nugget League of Kansas Municipalities. He would serve CMA or her strongest asset. of information you learned until 1929. when doing that one task or Also in 1922, Louis Brownlow, an American taking that one position that journalist, political scientist, and former city manager no one else wanted.

4 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 5 As a manager, do you know how you Takeaways are viewed as a leader? Do you know › What characteristics attract people to a ExEcutivE how you are viewed as you perform your leader? daily responsibilities, or interview for a › What are the core characteristics of a job, or are considered for a promotion? leader’s “presence” Are you viewed as someone who is: that maximize influence and motivation? › Spend some “think- + Intelligent and in command? ing time” about your personal connection Presence + Patient, detail-oriented, and an insightful to the characteristics that define executive judge of human nature and able to influence presence and arm Do you have the leadership “wow” factor? and motivate? yourself with more data on your journey + Viewed as having gravitas? as a leader. + Able to command a room upon entering? By David Limardi, David Morrison, and Daven Morrison

6 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 7 As a manager, do you know how you Takeaways are viewed as a leader? Do you know › What characteristics attract people to a ExEcutivE how you are viewed as you perform your leader? daily responsibilities, or interview for a › What are the core characteristics of a job, or are considered for a promotion? leader’s “presence” Are you viewed as someone who is: that maximize influence and motivation? › Spend some “think- + Intelligent and in command? ing time” about your personal connection Presence + Patient, detail-oriented, and an insightful to the characteristics that define executive judge of human nature and able to influence presence and arm Do you have the leadership “wow” factor? and motivate? yourself with more data on your journey + Viewed as having gravitas? as a leader. + Able to command a room upon entering? By David Limardi, David Morrison, and Daven Morrison

6 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 7 Figure 1. Characteristics here appears to be The results of the interviews were Seriousness of purpose. Leaders of executive Presence. general agreement that fascinating. Every leader interviewed 1 with executive presence generate a how managers are believed executive presence was real, perception that they should be followed. Leaders with executive presence Interviews with 30+ viewed as they lead is that is, that executive presence exists. They possess a seriousness of purpose private and public sector an important component They could point to people who had it, that is clearly communicated. executives were con- draw people in and maintain that ducted in 2011 by David of leadership, yet it is those who did not, and the differences They do so through an unforced connection. It is an attraction based Morrison as part of data too often overlooked. between them. self-confidence, readily apparent self- collection concerning the Perhaps that is because executive Here are the key insights, culled from discipline and thorough preparation, on how they are seen by others and a topic of executive pres- Tpresence is an intellectually chal- the interviews about the nature of execu- attention to detail, decisiveness at the ence. Results indicate the lenging and elusive topic. There has tive presence: appropriate time, and a clearly com- clear understanding by the leader of percentage of interview- ees who mentioned the been a buzz recently about the topic, municated vision of the path ahead. characteristic. particularly in private sector leader- 1. You will know it when you see it. Consider President Franklin Roosevelt, the importance of how they are seen. ship circles. Executive coaching has 2. It can be a success accelerator or Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and become a popular tool in the private success decelerator. legendary football coach Vince Lom- Personal Characteristics: sector as a way to secure this quality. 3. It involves value alignment. bardi. These leaders left no doubt that Consider this definition of presence 4. Important decisions are based upon they wanted to lead. from the free Merriam–Webster online it, including hiring and promotional Texas Governor Rick Perry is an others that power exists where that power This trustworthiness on the part of 94% dictionary (http://www.merriam-web- decisions. example of someone who failed to belongs to others. The lure of the tempta- leaders and followers is required for the Confident ster.com), which highlights its inherent 5. Information is shared in confidence to communicate a seriousness of purpose tion to accept this presumption is rejected resolution of difficult issues. power: "The bearing, carriage, or air of individuals with it. when he fumbled the question during by leaders seeking to communicate a Leaders with executive presence set 69% Competent thinker a person; especially stately or distin- 6. Individuals who are knowledgeable the November 2011 Republican debates seriousness of purpose. a trustworthy context, making it easier guished bearing; a noteworthy quality and competent are often deferential to concerning which departments in the for those involved to understand the of poise and effectiveness." those with it. federal government he would eliminate. Ability to forge relationships built roles, the problem, and the path to a 63% Attractive appearance Can executive presence be defined? 7. Executive presence is not leader- His response of “Sorry, oops” was a on trust. One of the foundations of realistic solution. Clear and precise 2 What impact does it have on successful ship. It is tied to the role, the achieve- fatal mistake. Compare Governor Perry’s representative democracy is trust. Leaders communication is imperative. leaders? Is it merely a perception, or are ments, and the accomplishments performance with that of Mayor Giuliani with executive presence are expert in 44% Fully present there core characteristics that should be of the person but is not tied to the following the 9/11 attacks as he forcefully developing relationships built on trust and Strong personal connection. Lead- considered by professional local govern- actions themselves. communicated a seriousness of purpose. communicating and keeping a promise. 3 ers with executive presence draw 38% ment managers? 8. Those with it have a certain “wow President Lincoln was once asked if This promise is not an ironclad guar- people in and maintain that connection. Master of self One of the authors of this article, factor” or magnetism. he had eight hours to cut down a large antee of success. It is an ironclad guaran- It is an attraction based on how they are David Morrison, who has worked with 9. A leader must be absolutely realistic tree, how would he use that time? He tee that the leader is wholly invested in seen by others and a clear understand- 25% professional local government manag- about possessing the core characteristics responded by saying he would use six the promise.is emotionally present, has ing by the leader of the importance of Genuine ers for more than 40 years, has been of executive presence in order to be of the hours sharpening his ax. Lincoln the intention and power to work to keep how they are seen. intrigued by executive presence and its strategic about career planning and proved that effective preparation is criti- the promise, will keep everyone’s best Consider presidents John F. Ken- impact on successful outcomes in the management challenges. cal to success as a leader. interests in mind, will protect the needs nedy, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. interpersonal public sector. This has become even more critical of all involved, and understands and Keep in mind that many thought Richard interactions: His broad-brush question for senior The interviewed senior executives due to the prominence of the Information will work to manage the risks. Consider Nixon lost the 1963 presidential debates executives in the public and private identified certain core characteristics of Age. Effective and thorough preparation leaders like Abraham Lincoln, Dr. Martin because of his 5 o’clock shadow and 100% sectors is: How is the relationship executive presence. Characteristics were is the cornerstone to communicating a Luther King, or Phil Jackson, the winner perspiration on national television. Communicates a between local government management broken down into those applicable to the seriousness of purpose. of 11 NBA championships. It is critical not to confuse this strong desire to lead professionals, elected bodies, and other self and those that apply to interpersonal It is important for a leader to never Relationships built on trust require characteristic solely with handsomeness, groups operating within a local govern- interactions (see Figure 1). imply power where that power does not predictability of behavior, which is built beauty, or seduction. Building connec- 94% Emotionally engaged ment impacted by executive presence. In exist. This can be a real challenge in over time. For leaders in new roles who tions and holding people’s attention interviews with public and private sector Four Core Characteristics professionally managed local government are anxious to produce adaptive change, has a physical quality to it, such that 44% executives, Morrison asked: Upon reflection and based on years of where power is shared and not concen- patience is required. Success in developing presence is about projecting a physical Trustworthy active participation in local government trated in any one person or group. There relationships built on trust results from a appearance that is appropriate for the • Does executive presence exist? management and advising and observ- can be moments during a career where series of successes and accountability for situation and context. It is projecting 44% • What are its characteristics? ing managers, we believe that four core due to the professional local government any failures. poise under pressure. Has a connective • Can you name individuals who have it characteristics define executive presence managers’ long tenure, past success or Leaders who project a trustworthy Leaders with executive presence impact on others and do not have it? as it applies to managers. strength as a leader it is presumed by self also inspire trustworthiness in others. dress appropriately, speak in an ap-

8 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 9 Figure 1. Characteristics here appears to be The results of the interviews were Seriousness of purpose. Leaders of executive Presence. general agreement that fascinating. Every leader interviewed 1 with executive presence generate a how managers are believed executive presence was real, perception that they should be followed. Leaders with executive presence Interviews with 30+ viewed as they lead is that is, that executive presence exists. They possess a seriousness of purpose private and public sector an important component They could point to people who had it, that is clearly communicated. executives were con- draw people in and maintain that ducted in 2011 by David of leadership, yet it is those who did not, and the differences They do so through an unforced connection. It is an attraction based Morrison as part of data too often overlooked. between them. self-confidence, readily apparent self- collection concerning the Perhaps that is because executive Here are the key insights, culled from discipline and thorough preparation, on how they are seen by others and a topic of executive pres- Tpresence is an intellectually chal- the interviews about the nature of execu- attention to detail, decisiveness at the ence. Results indicate the lenging and elusive topic. There has tive presence: appropriate time, and a clearly com- clear understanding by the leader of percentage of interview- ees who mentioned the been a buzz recently about the topic, municated vision of the path ahead. characteristic. particularly in private sector leader- 1. You will know it when you see it. Consider President Franklin Roosevelt, the importance of how they are seen. ship circles. Executive coaching has 2. It can be a success accelerator or Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher, and become a popular tool in the private success decelerator. legendary football coach Vince Lom- Personal Characteristics: sector as a way to secure this quality. 3. It involves value alignment. bardi. These leaders left no doubt that Consider this definition of presence 4. Important decisions are based upon they wanted to lead. from the free Merriam–Webster online it, including hiring and promotional Texas Governor Rick Perry is an others that power exists where that power This trustworthiness on the part of 94% dictionary (http://www.merriam-web- decisions. example of someone who failed to belongs to others. The lure of the tempta- leaders and followers is required for the Confident ster.com), which highlights its inherent 5. Information is shared in confidence to communicate a seriousness of purpose tion to accept this presumption is rejected resolution of difficult issues. power: "The bearing, carriage, or air of individuals with it. when he fumbled the question during by leaders seeking to communicate a Leaders with executive presence set 69% Competent thinker a person; especially stately or distin- 6. Individuals who are knowledgeable the November 2011 Republican debates seriousness of purpose. a trustworthy context, making it easier guished bearing; a noteworthy quality and competent are often deferential to concerning which departments in the for those involved to understand the of poise and effectiveness." those with it. federal government he would eliminate. Ability to forge relationships built roles, the problem, and the path to a 63% Attractive appearance Can executive presence be defined? 7. Executive presence is not leader- His response of “Sorry, oops” was a on trust. One of the foundations of realistic solution. Clear and precise 2 What impact does it have on successful ship. It is tied to the role, the achieve- fatal mistake. Compare Governor Perry’s representative democracy is trust. Leaders communication is imperative. leaders? Is it merely a perception, or are ments, and the accomplishments performance with that of Mayor Giuliani with executive presence are expert in 44% Fully present there core characteristics that should be of the person but is not tied to the following the 9/11 attacks as he forcefully developing relationships built on trust and Strong personal connection. Lead- considered by professional local govern- actions themselves. communicated a seriousness of purpose. communicating and keeping a promise. 3 ers with executive presence draw 38% ment managers? 8. Those with it have a certain “wow President Lincoln was once asked if This promise is not an ironclad guar- people in and maintain that connection. Master of self One of the authors of this article, factor” or magnetism. he had eight hours to cut down a large antee of success. It is an ironclad guaran- It is an attraction based on how they are David Morrison, who has worked with 9. A leader must be absolutely realistic tree, how would he use that time? He tee that the leader is wholly invested in seen by others and a clear understand- 25% professional local government manag- about possessing the core characteristics responded by saying he would use six the promise.is emotionally present, has ing by the leader of the importance of Genuine ers for more than 40 years, has been of executive presence in order to be of the hours sharpening his ax. Lincoln the intention and power to work to keep how they are seen. intrigued by executive presence and its strategic about career planning and proved that effective preparation is criti- the promise, will keep everyone’s best Consider presidents John F. Ken- impact on successful outcomes in the management challenges. cal to success as a leader. interests in mind, will protect the needs nedy, Ronald Reagan, and Bill Clinton. interpersonal public sector. This has become even more critical of all involved, and understands and Keep in mind that many thought Richard interactions: His broad-brush question for senior The interviewed senior executives due to the prominence of the Information will work to manage the risks. Consider Nixon lost the 1963 presidential debates executives in the public and private identified certain core characteristics of Age. Effective and thorough preparation leaders like Abraham Lincoln, Dr. Martin because of his 5 o’clock shadow and 100% sectors is: How is the relationship executive presence. Characteristics were is the cornerstone to communicating a Luther King, or Phil Jackson, the winner perspiration on national television. Communicates a between local government management broken down into those applicable to the seriousness of purpose. of 11 NBA championships. It is critical not to confuse this strong desire to lead professionals, elected bodies, and other self and those that apply to interpersonal It is important for a leader to never Relationships built on trust require characteristic solely with handsomeness, groups operating within a local govern- interactions (see Figure 1). imply power where that power does not predictability of behavior, which is built beauty, or seduction. Building connec- 94% Emotionally engaged ment impacted by executive presence. In exist. This can be a real challenge in over time. For leaders in new roles who tions and holding people’s attention interviews with public and private sector Four Core Characteristics professionally managed local government are anxious to produce adaptive change, has a physical quality to it, such that 44% executives, Morrison asked: Upon reflection and based on years of where power is shared and not concen- patience is required. Success in developing presence is about projecting a physical Trustworthy active participation in local government trated in any one person or group. There relationships built on trust results from a appearance that is appropriate for the • Does executive presence exist? management and advising and observ- can be moments during a career where series of successes and accountability for situation and context. It is projecting 44% • What are its characteristics? ing managers, we believe that four core due to the professional local government any failures. poise under pressure. Has a connective • Can you name individuals who have it characteristics define executive presence managers’ long tenure, past success or Leaders who project a trustworthy Leaders with executive presence impact on others and do not have it? as it applies to managers. strength as a leader it is presumed by self also inspire trustworthiness in others. dress appropriately, speak in an ap-

8 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 9 one of the foundations of representative democracy is trust. Leaders with executive presence are expert in developing relationships built on trust and communicating and keeping a promise.

propriate voice and tone, are careful about body language, and maintain a workplace environment that delivers Leaders with executive presence the appropriate message. What message do you receive when you enter an office are fully present, focused, and or meeting place that is disorganized and chaotic? attentive to the needs of others. Simple things like a firm hand- shake, eye contact, and a well- kempt appearance are essential. Understand- ing that there is a difference between the public and private sector in this GE Chairman Jack Welch, South African We believe that all of us have been regard is also important. Blue jeans President Nelson Mandela, and the early affected by the concept of executive REASONS WHY BENEFIT ADMINISTRATORS worn in offices in Silicon Valley may performance of Pope Francis. presence, in most cases unknowingly, IN GOVERNMENT CHOOSE COLONIAL LIFE project a different message in a city Having a realistic view of oneself because it is not a topic we have spent 6 hall in America’s heartland. is a critical component. Constantly much time thinking about. It may have Styles are not always interchange- searching for objective feedback helps determined the candidate we voted for, 1 market expertise We work with 5,000 local governments, 34 state able. An October, 2012 study by the that realistic view. the mentor we chose, the hero who governments and 2,700 educational agencies. So we know the hurdles Center for Talent Innovation, a non-profit Understanding the importance of inspired us or the news anchor we you face... and how to help you clear them. research think tank in New York City monitoring process and not just the watch. We also believe that spending 2 dedicated service We have teams who work exclusively with in which 208 senior executives were outcomes through disciplined reflection some thinking time on the topic and government accounts. So we speak your language. surveyed revealed that 75 percent of is a necessity, as is monitoring your evaluating how we are perceived by those surveyed about executive presence leadership energy as well as the energy others and our personal connection to 3 benefits that help manage costs We have plans with no direct cost to you. A dream-come-true in the public sector. Or any sector. said that unkempt attire is a detractor for of a group. A leader should only give the the core characteristics is a key to both men and women, and 73 percent group work at a pace and in a quantity maximizing our ability as a leader to 4 new ways to save money And lots of them... like reduced said that ill-fitting or provocative clothing the group can handle, keeping the stress influence and motivate. enrollment costs, dependent verification, increased employee participation and tax savings. is problematic. level manageable. You can find more at 5 personalized benefits counseling We meet 1-to-1 to help everybody ColonialLife.com/6reasonsgov Focused awareness. Leaders with get the benefits that are best for them. Which is also best for you. A Leadership Necessity DAviD 4 executive presence are fully present, Understanding the power and complex- LimArDi 6 good hard work We believe in the benefits of good hard work. focused, and attentive to the needs ity of executive presence is a leader- is ICMA Just like you. Midwest of others. Managing group dynamics, ship necessity. It is vital for leaders to regional monitoring emotions, managing conflict, spend thinking time evaluating their director, Highland Park, Illinois (dmlimardi@gmail. com) and a retired manager. DAviD morrison, giving and receiving feedback, providing personal assets to determine how they M.D., is president, Morrison Associates, Ltd., For 75 years, Colonial Life has been the gold standard in voluntary benefits. support through structure, and recogniz- can be best used and pay particular Palatine, Illinois ([email protected]) and DAven morrison, M.D., is senior executive DISABILITY ACCIDENT LIFE CRITICAL ILLNESS CANCER ing formal and informal authority are attention to the core characteristics of adviser, Morrison Associates, Ltd., Palatine Source: Colonial Life Proprietary Research 2013 © 2014 Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company. all critically important. Consider former executive presence. ([email protected]). Colonial Life products are underwritten by Colonial Life & Accident Insurance Company, for which Colonial Life is the marketing brand.

10 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm one of the foundations of representative democracy is trust. Leaders with executive presence are expert in developing relationships built on trust and communicating and keeping a promise.

10 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm By Stanley Leasure and Ray Gosack EminEntly

SenWhy mediation WorksS in eminentible domain cases

Takeaways minent domain mediation is a process through which a neutral mediator assists a condemning authority—for example, a local › Mediation is a low- cost and expedient government—and a landowner to reach a settlement agreement alternative to litigation. that each finds acceptable. our experience with mediation as › Mediation requires Elocal government representatives tasked with acquiring land for a large cooperation and agree- water supply, lake-expansion project has led us to three conclusions: ment by all parties. › Mediation is more 1. mediation can be effectively employed to help resolve difficult eminent likely than litigation to achieve a win-win domain disputes. outcome. 2. mediation in eminent domain cases is universally available by agreement of the parties. some jurisdictions—by statute or court rule—require mediation prior to scheduling eminent domain cases for trial, even in the absence of agreement of the parties. in jurisdictions in which mediation is not required, it is underused. 3. as a result, the local government and the landowner forfeit the significant benefits of this alternative.

12 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 13 By Stanley Leasure and Ray Gosack EminEntly

SenWhy mediation WorksS in eminentible domain cases

12 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 13 Mediation Basics In the group session, counsel for the dentiality provisions—pertinent in the Litigation vs. Mediation For local government managers who parties make a statement about the case event the case is not settled—typically here is a comparison of key features of the two processes: haven’t been part of the mediation and outline what they consider to be include: inadmissibility at trial of process, the mediator’s primary task is the important factors in evaluating the statements made during mediation; KEy FEatuRES LitiGation MEdiation to facilitate communication between the case. In the next phase, representatives protection of the privileged charac- cost more costly Far Less costly parties, identify their respective interests, of each side are separated into private ter of information disclosed to the and, hopefully, help them resolve the is- caucus rooms to meet confidentially with mediator; protection of the mediator determination of outcome By third Party (judge or jury) self-determined by Parties sues on terms with which both can live. the mediator. from compelled disclosure in judicial amount of time Lengthy Quick The prospect of settlement is quite high. There the parties, with the assistance proceedings; and introduction of evi- Reports of settlement rates in of the mediator, consider the strengths dence related to the mediation. These Focus Legal Positions issues important to Parties mediations generally are impressive—as and weaknesses of their position, identify protections help parties speak freely Problem-solving approach adversarial collaborative high as 80 percent—and are comparable essential interests, and develop settle- during mediation. to the limited settlement rate data in ment proposals. The mediator engages Parties can exercise significant eminent domain mediations.1 in a form of shuttle diplomacy, relaying control over the resolution process The reasons are self-evident: The offers and counter offers between the itself. Rather than being required to provide long-term protection of the meet the particulars of the issue at hand, Flexibility, without compromising core parties come together with a skilled parties and continuing to assist the parties adhere to court-mandated procedures, watershed. In every instance where it requires only a moderate amount principles of fairness, is imperative for a mediator—often with eminent domain and their representatives to analyze the they can focus on the merits of the case mediation was employed, a settlement of preparation, and it usually doesn’t successful outcome. expertise—for the express purpose of important elements of the case. and their own interests. The emphasis was reached. compromise the party’s interests if the Mediation is a low-risk, low-cost trying to settle the case. Mediation can Several caucuses with each party shifts from compliance with court Some property owners were skepti- case does proceed to trial. alternative for resolving many types of occur whenever the parties agree, but it is are usually necessary. If an agreement mandates designed to accommodate cal to try mediation. To get them more A practical benefit of mediation legal cases, including property acquisi- important that the parties have exchanged is reached, a settlement agreement is a wide variety of civil disputes, to the comfortable with the idea, the city compared to litigation is that mediation tions by eminent domain. A mediator can particular requirements of the condem- made sure the property owners un- allows the parties to discuss the issues facilitate, but not force, an agreement. nation case at hand. derstood there was no risk to them for important to each party. Litigation, on Mediation allows more resources to be This control can extend to ev- trying it. The city paid the entire cost the other hand, is focused on advanc- focused on project planning, develop- ery facet of the dispute, including of the mediator’s services to encourage ing and protecting legal positions. This ment, and execution rather than energy- Parties can exercise significant discovery, timing, and the nature of participation. This small accommoda- difference allowed the parties to arrive at draining legal battles. And, it helps to the dispute-resolution process itself. tion paid large dividends. mutually agreeable outcomes at far less preserve vital relationships necessary for control over the resolution Process Mediation almost always yields quicker In the opening group session, it was legal cost and time than allowing a jury crucial public projects to succeed. resolution. The parties to the eminent important for Fort Smith’s lead represen- to decide the compensation. itself. RatheR than being RequiRed to domain case also have control over tative to: Unlike jury trials, the parties were EndnotES the selection of the mediator. Most always satisfied with the final outcome. 1 see, report of the tennessee advisory adheRe to couRt-mandated pRoceduReS, commission on intergovernmental relations consider it helpful to employ a media- • Make a statement that the city is com- There were cases where the mediator (February 2013). eminent domain in tennessee, p.8. tor with condemnation expertise. mitted to be fair and reasonable with discovered that property owners wanted retrieved march 14, 2014, from http://www.tn.gov/ they can focuS on the meRitS of the caSe Importantly, parties have complete the property owner, but it must also minor nonfinancial considerations that tacir/PdF_FiLes/Growth_Policy/eminentdomain. pdf and american Bar association division control over the outcome since they be fair with the taxpayers whose funds were easily accommodated. for Public education (n.d.) how courts Work- and theiR own inteReStS. decide their own fate, which can include will pay for the property. Good mediators will push the enve- mediation. retrieved march 14, 2014, from http:// creative solutions specifically tailored to • Explain the purpose for the acquisi- lope to encourage the parties to arrive americanbar.org/groups/public_education/resources/ the special needs of the parties. tion and the benefits the project will at a settlement. At times, this can make law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/ mediation_advantages.html. Condemnation litigation is costly in provide for the entire region. the parties uncomfortable. It’s important, the information necessary to effectively drafted for execution prior to conclusion terms of lawyers, expert witnesses, lost • Acknowledge the impact the prop- however, to remember that the mediator 2 Variation in local law is beyond the scope of this evaluate the critical issues in the case. of the mediation. productivity of staff, negative public per- erty acquisition was having on the brings objectivity to the process and article. it is important to note that local law must be considered in assessing the advantages available Those in attendance will include the ception, and other intangibles. Mediation owner. In some cases, the acquired provides a reality check on the strengths through the use of eminent domain mediation. this is mediator, counsel for both sides, one or Mediation Advantages typically results in lower cost in all these property had been owned by the and weaknesses of each party’s desires. particularly true with respect to confidentiality more representatives of the condemn- Mediation in eminent domain cases has areas owing primarily to the expedience family for several generations. It was The participants have to keep focused on ing authority, and the landowners. The three primary advantages: confidential- with which the case can be resolved. important to recognize the emotional the goal of arriving at a settlement that’s format can be as varied as the wishes of ity, control, and cost.2 In jurisdictions in connections many landowners had fair and reasonable for the property the parties and the style of the mediator, which it is available, mediation confers Fort Smith’s Success to their properties. owner and for the taxpayers. StanLEy LEaSuRE, J.d., is associate but most eminent domain mediations the critical advantage of confidentiality. The city of Fort Smith, Arkansas, No two mediation cases proceed professor, college of consist of a group session; a series of pri- Litigation, conversely, is an extremely used mediation extensively to acquire These opening points demonstrated identically. The process and outcome Business, missouri state University, springfield, vate meetings, also known as caucuses, public process. This factor, in and of properties in a neighboring county for to the property owner that the city was of each mediation case couldn’t have missouri ([email protected]). he is between the mediator and the parties; itself, may hamper efforts at settlement expansion of a regional water-supply sensitive and empathetic to the property been scripted in advance. Those who a former assistant city attorney, Fort smith, owner’s interests. Mediation isn’t a don’t have a stomach for spontaneity arkansas. Ray GoSacK, icma-cm, is city and, hopefully, drafting and execution of of eminent domain cases. lake. The properties were acquired to administrator, Fort smith, arkansas (gosack@ a settlement agreement. Statutory and contractual confi- meet regulatory requirements and to complex process, it can be tailored to shouldn’t be at the mediation table. Fortsmithar.gov).

14 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 15 Mediation Basics In the group session, counsel for the dentiality provisions—pertinent in the Litigation vs. Mediation For local government managers who parties make a statement about the case event the case is not settled—typically here is a comparison of key features of the two processes: haven’t been part of the mediation and outline what they consider to be include: inadmissibility at trial of process, the mediator’s primary task is the important factors in evaluating the statements made during mediation; KEy FEatuRES LitiGation MEdiation to facilitate communication between the case. In the next phase, representatives protection of the privileged charac- cost more costly Far Less costly parties, identify their respective interests, of each side are separated into private ter of information disclosed to the and, hopefully, help them resolve the is- caucus rooms to meet confidentially with mediator; protection of the mediator determination of outcome By third Party (judge or jury) self-determined by Parties sues on terms with which both can live. the mediator. from compelled disclosure in judicial amount of time Lengthy Quick The prospect of settlement is quite high. There the parties, with the assistance proceedings; and introduction of evi- Reports of settlement rates in of the mediator, consider the strengths dence related to the mediation. These Focus Legal Positions issues important to Parties mediations generally are impressive—as and weaknesses of their position, identify protections help parties speak freely Problem-solving approach adversarial collaborative high as 80 percent—and are comparable essential interests, and develop settle- during mediation. to the limited settlement rate data in ment proposals. The mediator engages Parties can exercise significant eminent domain mediations.1 in a form of shuttle diplomacy, relaying control over the resolution process The reasons are self-evident: The offers and counter offers between the itself. Rather than being required to provide long-term protection of the meet the particulars of the issue at hand, Flexibility, without compromising core parties come together with a skilled parties and continuing to assist the parties adhere to court-mandated procedures, watershed. In every instance where it requires only a moderate amount principles of fairness, is imperative for a mediator—often with eminent domain and their representatives to analyze the they can focus on the merits of the case mediation was employed, a settlement of preparation, and it usually doesn’t successful outcome. expertise—for the express purpose of important elements of the case. and their own interests. The emphasis was reached. compromise the party’s interests if the Mediation is a low-risk, low-cost trying to settle the case. Mediation can Several caucuses with each party shifts from compliance with court Some property owners were skepti- case does proceed to trial. alternative for resolving many types of occur whenever the parties agree, but it is are usually necessary. If an agreement mandates designed to accommodate cal to try mediation. To get them more A practical benefit of mediation legal cases, including property acquisi- important that the parties have exchanged is reached, a settlement agreement is a wide variety of civil disputes, to the comfortable with the idea, the city compared to litigation is that mediation tions by eminent domain. A mediator can particular requirements of the condem- made sure the property owners un- allows the parties to discuss the issues facilitate, but not force, an agreement. nation case at hand. derstood there was no risk to them for important to each party. Litigation, on Mediation allows more resources to be This control can extend to ev- trying it. The city paid the entire cost the other hand, is focused on advanc- focused on project planning, develop- ery facet of the dispute, including of the mediator’s services to encourage ing and protecting legal positions. This ment, and execution rather than energy- Parties can exercise significant discovery, timing, and the nature of participation. This small accommoda- difference allowed the parties to arrive at draining legal battles. And, it helps to the dispute-resolution process itself. tion paid large dividends. mutually agreeable outcomes at far less preserve vital relationships necessary for control over the resolution Process Mediation almost always yields quicker In the opening group session, it was legal cost and time than allowing a jury crucial public projects to succeed. resolution. The parties to the eminent important for Fort Smith’s lead represen- to decide the compensation. itself. RatheR than being RequiRed to domain case also have control over tative to: Unlike jury trials, the parties were EndnotES the selection of the mediator. Most always satisfied with the final outcome. 1 see, report of the tennessee advisory adheRe to couRt-mandated pRoceduReS, commission on intergovernmental relations consider it helpful to employ a media- • Make a statement that the city is com- There were cases where the mediator (February 2013). eminent domain in tennessee, p.8. tor with condemnation expertise. mitted to be fair and reasonable with discovered that property owners wanted retrieved march 14, 2014, from http://www.tn.gov/ they can focuS on the meRitS of the caSe Importantly, parties have complete the property owner, but it must also minor nonfinancial considerations that tacir/PdF_FiLes/Growth_Policy/eminentdomain. pdf and american Bar association division control over the outcome since they be fair with the taxpayers whose funds were easily accommodated. for Public education (n.d.) how courts Work- and theiR own inteReStS. decide their own fate, which can include will pay for the property. Good mediators will push the enve- mediation. retrieved march 14, 2014, from http:// creative solutions specifically tailored to • Explain the purpose for the acquisi- lope to encourage the parties to arrive americanbar.org/groups/public_education/resources/ the special needs of the parties. tion and the benefits the project will at a settlement. At times, this can make law_related_education_network/how_courts_work/ mediation_advantages.html. Condemnation litigation is costly in provide for the entire region. the parties uncomfortable. It’s important, the information necessary to effectively drafted for execution prior to conclusion terms of lawyers, expert witnesses, lost • Acknowledge the impact the prop- however, to remember that the mediator 2 Variation in local law is beyond the scope of this evaluate the critical issues in the case. of the mediation. productivity of staff, negative public per- erty acquisition was having on the brings objectivity to the process and article. it is important to note that local law must be considered in assessing the advantages available Those in attendance will include the ception, and other intangibles. Mediation owner. In some cases, the acquired provides a reality check on the strengths through the use of eminent domain mediation. this is mediator, counsel for both sides, one or Mediation Advantages typically results in lower cost in all these property had been owned by the and weaknesses of each party’s desires. particularly true with respect to confidentiality more representatives of the condemn- Mediation in eminent domain cases has areas owing primarily to the expedience family for several generations. It was The participants have to keep focused on ing authority, and the landowners. The three primary advantages: confidential- with which the case can be resolved. important to recognize the emotional the goal of arriving at a settlement that’s format can be as varied as the wishes of ity, control, and cost.2 In jurisdictions in connections many landowners had fair and reasonable for the property the parties and the style of the mediator, which it is available, mediation confers Fort Smith’s Success to their properties. owner and for the taxpayers. StanLEy LEaSuRE, J.d., is associate but most eminent domain mediations the critical advantage of confidentiality. The city of Fort Smith, Arkansas, No two mediation cases proceed professor, college of consist of a group session; a series of pri- Litigation, conversely, is an extremely used mediation extensively to acquire These opening points demonstrated identically. The process and outcome Business, missouri state University, springfield, vate meetings, also known as caucuses, public process. This factor, in and of properties in a neighboring county for to the property owner that the city was of each mediation case couldn’t have missouri ([email protected]). he is between the mediator and the parties; itself, may hamper efforts at settlement expansion of a regional water-supply sensitive and empathetic to the property been scripted in advance. Those who a former assistant city attorney, Fort smith, owner’s interests. Mediation isn’t a don’t have a stomach for spontaneity arkansas. Ray GoSacK, icma-cm, is city and, hopefully, drafting and execution of of eminent domain cases. lake. The properties were acquired to administrator, Fort smith, arkansas (gosack@ a settlement agreement. Statutory and contractual confi- meet regulatory requirements and to complex process, it can be tailored to shouldn’t be at the mediation table. Fortsmithar.gov).

14 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 15 Takeaways

› Fourth Amendment searches and qualified immunity dominate the Supreme Court’s term as it relates to local governments. › The Supreme Court will also decide a number of free speech cases affecting local government.

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• Dedicated and knowledgeable underwriters – provide a customized and effective insurance plan

• Local territory managers – trusted advisors who help navigate the local nuances that affect your community

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ALC Job#: 224859 File Name: SPBRD3PC556v2_8_25x10_87 Date: 06/26/13 Rev.#: 00 he Supreme Court As the court in Wurie points out, eral criminal trial that a state legislator Sebelius, the Supreme Court will decide is no longer present. While the defendant and doffing protective gear qualifies as has accepted all the smartphones are computers contain- employed by his program didn’t do whether the Religious Freedom Restora- pointed out the police were responsible “changing clothes” under Section 29 cases it will decide ing a wealth of information. It would any work. The Eleventh Circuit found tion Act (RFRA) applies to for-profit, for his absence, the court noted that his U.S.C. 203(o) of the Fair Labor Stan- during its 2013–2014 significantly assist local police officers that Lane was acting pursuant to his closely held secular corporations. Three removal was objectively reasonable. The dards Act (FLSA). term. Two of the if they could search these devices official job duties when he testified and corporations claim that the Affordable court also rejected Fernandez’s argument This section allows parties to decide major local govern- when they arrest someone without first therefore his speech wasn’t protected by Care Act’s requirement that employers that his objection should remain effective as part of a collective bargaining agreement cases are no obtaining a warrant. the First Amendment. with 50 or more employees provide until he changed his mind. ment that time spent changing clothes at longer on its docket. Other circuits have disagreed, reason- coverage of all FDA-approved contracep- Georgia v. Randolph was based on the beginning and end of the work day Mt. Holly v. Mt. Holly Gardens ing that public employees have obliga- tive methods violates the act. the “widely shared social expectation” is noncompensable, which is what U.S. TCitizens in Action, involving whether Police officers shot and killed Donald tions as citizens independent of their RFRA provides that the federal gov- that if you call on someone and one of Steel agreed to in a collective bargaining disparate impact claims can be brought Rickard and his passenger after Rickard public employment to testify truthfully. ernment “shall not substantially burden the tenants says you were not welcome, agreement. Clifton Sandifer argued don- under the Fair Housing Act, was settled. led police on a high-speed chase. Their Garcetti, decided 5 to 4, was a big win for a person’s exercise of religion.” If RFRA you would not enter. The “calculus of ning and doffing protective gear does not Madigan v. Levin, involving whether age families sought monetary damages public employers. This is the court’s first applies to corporations, the Religious this hypothetical caller would likely be constitute “changing clothes.” discrimination claims can be brought claiming the officers violated the Fourth opportunity to narrow or affirm Garcetti. Land Use and Institutionalized Persons quite different if the objecting tenant The Supreme Court disagreed, against government employers under the Amendment by using excessive force. Act (RLUIPA) likely will also apply to was not standing at the door.” Local reasoning that clothing can include Constitution instead of the Age Discrimi- The officers argued they should be corporations, greatly expanding the scope police have been waiting since 2006 items worn for protection, and changing nation in Employment Act, was dismissed granted qualified immunity because their In Wood v. Moss, pro- and anti-President of RLUIPA. to find out if the Court would extend clothes can include altering street clothes as improvidently granted. (See “Supreme use of force wasn’t prohibited by clearly Bush demonstrators had equal access to the RLUIPA bars state and local govern- Georgia v. Randolph. with protective gear. It concluded that Court 2013–2014 Term Preview” in the established law. president as his motorcade arrived in Jack- ments from enforcing land use regula- the majority of items at issue in this December 2013 PM at http://icma.org/ In Plumhoff v. Rickard, the Supreme sonville, Oregon. But when the president tions that impose a substantial burden case—hard hats, work gloves, flame- scpreview2013-14) Court will decide whether the lower court made an unexpected stop for dinner, Secret on “the religious exercise of a person” In Prado Navarette v. California, an retardant jackets, and the like—were None of the most prominent cases properly denied qualified immunity by Service agents moved the anti-Bush pro- unless the government can point to a anonymous 911 caller in Mendocino clothes. While safety glasses, earplugs, of the term directly involve local govern- distinguishing this case, which arose in testers, who were closer to the restaurant compelling interest. RFRA and RULIPA County reported that a driver had run and respirators weren’t, time spent don- ment. Yet, the docket remains surprisingly 2004, with a later Supreme Court decision than the pro-Bush demonstrators, about are related statutes. RFRA only applies the caller’s car off the road. The court ning and doffing them was minimal. interesting to local government. from 2007. The court also will decide one block further away from the president to the federal government, and RULIPA held 5 to 4 that a police stop of that Some local government employees whether qualified immunity should be than the pro-Bush demonstrators. only applies in the land use and institu- driver complied with the Fourth Amend- may wear protective gear. This case af- Fourth Amendment Cases denied based on the facts of this case. The anti-Bush protesters sued two Se- tionalized persons’ context. ment because, under the totality of the firms that local governments and unions In Riley v. California and U.S. v. Wurie, Rickard wove through traffic on an cret Service agents claiming they violated Both statutes use the term “person” circumstances, the officer had reasonable may agree in collective bargaining agree- the court will decide whether the Fourth interstate connecting two states, collided their First Amendment rights by dis- to define who is covered. SLLC filed an suspicion that the driver was intoxicated. ments to not compensate employees for Amendment permits police to search a with police vehicles twice, and used his criminating against them because of their amicus brief in this case arguing that The tip of dangerous driving was taking protective gear on and off. cellphone without a warrant, found on vehicle to escape after being surrounded viewpoint. The Ninth Circuit denied the for-profit corporations aren’t covered sufficiently reliable because the caller Most of the issues the Supreme Court a person lawfully arrested. The lower by police officers, nearly hitting at least agents qualified immunity. The Supreme by RULIPA. had eyewitness knowledge of what hap- has taken up this term affecting local courts reached opposite conclusions in one officer. Local governments will benefit Court will decide whether the lower court pened, police located the vehicle where government involve routine issues—Fourth these cases. from clarity the Supreme Court will pro- evaluated the qualified immunity ques- Decisions Reached in Three Cases the caller indicated it would be, and the Amendment searches, qualified immunity, In Riley, the California Court of Ap- vide on the boundaries of both qualified tion in this case too generally. The Supreme Court (as of late April) had caller used the 911 system, which can and First Amendment speech. What makes peals concluded the warrantless search immunity and the “hot pursuit” doctrine. The Ninth Circuit focused on its decided three cases of interest to local readily identify callers. these cases interesting are their sometimes was lawful. State court precedent held The State and Local Legal Center (SLLC) conclusion that the agents engaged in governments. In Fernandez v. California, Driving someone off the road also controversial facts and the wide range of that a warrantless cellphone search was has filed an amicus brief in this case. “viewpoint discrimination” instead of the court held that if a defendant objects creates reasonable suspicion of drunk contexts in which the issues arise. permissible as incident to an arrest if it whether it was clearly established that to the search of his or her home, that ob- driving because “[t]hat conduct bears How will the court decide these was “personal property . . . immediately First Amendment Issues the anti-Bush protesters could not be jection may be overridden by a co-tenant too great a resemblance to paradigmatic cases? A follow-up report and summary associated with [his] person.” In this In 2006, in Garcetti v. Ceballos, the Su- moved further away from the president after the defendant is no longer present. manifestations of drunk driving to be of all cases will be available at http:// case it was. preme Court held that public employee than the pro-Bush demonstrators. The Walter Fernandez told police they dismissed as an isolated example of www.statelocallc.org/articles, effective In Wurie, the First Circuit applied the speech made pursuant to an employee’s Supreme Court will also decide whether could not search his home. But after recklessness.” While the officer didn’t July 30, 2014. two justifications for a search incident to official job duties isn’t protected by the anti-Bush protesters have adequately he was arrested and removed from the observe additional suspicious conduct an arrest articulated in Chimel v. Cali- the First Amendment because a public claimed viewpoint discrimination when premises because he was suspected of after spotting the vehicle and observing LiSa Soronen is executive fornia, officer safety and preservation of employee is not acting as a private there was an obvious security-based domestic violence, the woman he was it for five minutes, police do not have to director, State and Local Legal evidence, and concluded that the warrant- citizen when making such speech. In rationale for moving them: They were living with consented to a search. In give suspected drunk drivers a “second Center, Washington, D.C., ([email protected]). the center files less cellphone search violated the Fourth Lane v. Franks, Edward Lane asks the closer to the president. SLLC has filed an Georgia v. Randolph, the court held chance for dangerous conduct [that] Supreme Court amicus briefs on Amendment. The court reasoned that Supreme Court to make an exception for amicus brief in this case. that if a defendant is physically present could have disastrous consequences.” behalf of the Big Seven national organizations representing state and local governments, which officer safety is irrelevant to cellphones, subpoenaed testimony. and objects to a warrantless search, a includes ICMA, national League of Cities, United and it is extremely unlikely that cellphone Lane claims he was laid off because Religious Freedom co-tenant cannot override that objection. States Conference of Mayors, national Governors data would be destroyed while officers he testified pursuant to a subpoena In Sebelius v. Hobby Lobby Stores and The court refused to extend Georgia v. In Sandifer v. U.S. Steel Corporation, Association, national Association of Counties, national Conference of State Legislatures, and obtain a warrant. before a grand jury and at a fed- Conestoga Wood Specialties Corp. v. Randolph, where the objecting defendant the Supreme Court held that donning the Council of State Governments.

18 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 19 he Supreme Court As the court in Wurie points out, eral criminal trial that a state legislator Sebelius, the Supreme Court will decide is no longer present. While the defendant and doffing protective gear qualifies as has accepted all the smartphones are computers contain- employed by his program didn’t do whether the Religious Freedom Restora- pointed out the police were responsible “changing clothes” under Section 29 cases it will decide ing a wealth of information. It would any work. The Eleventh Circuit found tion Act (RFRA) applies to for-profit, for his absence, the court noted that his U.S.C. 203(o) of the Fair Labor Stan- during its 2013–2014 significantly assist local police officers that Lane was acting pursuant to his closely held secular corporations. Three removal was objectively reasonable. The dards Act (FLSA). term. Two of the if they could search these devices official job duties when he testified and corporations claim that the Affordable court also rejected Fernandez’s argument This section allows parties to decide major local govern- when they arrest someone without first therefore his speech wasn’t protected by Care Act’s requirement that employers that his objection should remain effective as part of a collective bargaining agreement cases are no obtaining a warrant. the First Amendment. with 50 or more employees provide until he changed his mind. ment that time spent changing clothes at longer on its docket. Other circuits have disagreed, reason- coverage of all FDA-approved contracep- Georgia v. Randolph was based on the beginning and end of the work day Mt. Holly v. Mt. Holly Gardens ing that public employees have obliga- tive methods violates the act. the “widely shared social expectation” is noncompensable, which is what U.S. TCitizens in Action, involving whether Police officers shot and killed Donald tions as citizens independent of their RFRA provides that the federal gov- that if you call on someone and one of Steel agreed to in a collective bargaining disparate impact claims can be brought Rickard and his passenger after Rickard public employment to testify truthfully. ernment “shall not substantially burden the tenants says you were not welcome, agreement. Clifton Sandifer argued don- under the Fair Housing Act, was settled. led police on a high-speed chase. Their Garcetti, decided 5 to 4, was a big win for a person’s exercise of religion.” If RFRA you would not enter. The “calculus of ning and doffing protective gear does not Madigan v. Levin, involving whether age families sought monetary damages public employers. This is the court’s first applies to corporations, the Religious this hypothetical caller would likely be constitute “changing clothes.” discrimination claims can be brought claiming the officers violated the Fourth opportunity to narrow or affirm Garcetti. Land Use and Institutionalized Persons quite different if the objecting tenant The Supreme Court disagreed, against government employers under the Amendment by using excessive force. Act (RLUIPA) likely will also apply to was not standing at the door.” Local reasoning that clothing can include Constitution instead of the Age Discrimi- The officers argued they should be corporations, greatly expanding the scope police have been waiting since 2006 items worn for protection, and changing nation in Employment Act, was dismissed granted qualified immunity because their In Wood v. Moss, pro- and anti-President of RLUIPA. to find out if the Court would extend clothes can include altering street clothes as improvidently granted. (See “Supreme use of force wasn’t prohibited by clearly Bush demonstrators had equal access to the RLUIPA bars state and local govern- Georgia v. Randolph. with protective gear. It concluded that Court 2013–2014 Term Preview” in the established law. president as his motorcade arrived in Jack- ments from enforcing land use regula- the majority of items at issue in this December 2013 PM at http://icma.org/ In Plumhoff v. Rickard, the Supreme sonville, Oregon. But when the president tions that impose a substantial burden case—hard hats, work gloves, flame- scpreview2013-14) Court will decide whether the lower court made an unexpected stop for dinner, Secret on “the religious exercise of a person” In Prado Navarette v. California, an retardant jackets, and the like—were None of the most prominent cases properly denied qualified immunity by Service agents moved the anti-Bush pro- unless the government can point to a anonymous 911 caller in Mendocino clothes. While safety glasses, earplugs, of the term directly involve local govern- distinguishing this case, which arose in testers, who were closer to the restaurant compelling interest. RFRA and RULIPA County reported that a driver had run and respirators weren’t, time spent don- ment. Yet, the docket remains surprisingly 2004, with a later Supreme Court decision than the pro-Bush demonstrators, about are related statutes. RFRA only applies the caller’s car off the road. The court ning and doffing them was minimal. interesting to local government. from 2007. The court also will decide one block further away from the president to the federal government, and RULIPA held 5 to 4 that a police stop of that Some local government employees whether qualified immunity should be than the pro-Bush demonstrators. only applies in the land use and institu- driver complied with the Fourth Amend- may wear protective gear. This case af- Fourth Amendment Cases denied based on the facts of this case. The anti-Bush protesters sued two Se- tionalized persons’ context. ment because, under the totality of the firms that local governments and unions In Riley v. California and U.S. v. Wurie, Rickard wove through traffic on an cret Service agents claiming they violated Both statutes use the term “person” circumstances, the officer had reasonable may agree in collective bargaining agree- the court will decide whether the Fourth interstate connecting two states, collided their First Amendment rights by dis- to define who is covered. SLLC filed an suspicion that the driver was intoxicated. ments to not compensate employees for Amendment permits police to search a with police vehicles twice, and used his criminating against them because of their amicus brief in this case arguing that The tip of dangerous driving was taking protective gear on and off. cellphone without a warrant, found on vehicle to escape after being surrounded viewpoint. The Ninth Circuit denied the for-profit corporations aren’t covered sufficiently reliable because the caller Most of the issues the Supreme Court a person lawfully arrested. The lower by police officers, nearly hitting at least agents qualified immunity. The Supreme by RULIPA. had eyewitness knowledge of what hap- has taken up this term affecting local courts reached opposite conclusions in one officer. Local governments will benefit Court will decide whether the lower court pened, police located the vehicle where government involve routine issues—Fourth these cases. from clarity the Supreme Court will pro- evaluated the qualified immunity ques- Decisions Reached in Three Cases the caller indicated it would be, and the Amendment searches, qualified immunity, In Riley, the California Court of Ap- vide on the boundaries of both qualified tion in this case too generally. The Supreme Court (as of late April) had caller used the 911 system, which can and First Amendment speech. What makes peals concluded the warrantless search immunity and the “hot pursuit” doctrine. The Ninth Circuit focused on its decided three cases of interest to local readily identify callers. these cases interesting are their sometimes was lawful. State court precedent held The State and Local Legal Center (SLLC) conclusion that the agents engaged in governments. In Fernandez v. California, Driving someone off the road also controversial facts and the wide range of that a warrantless cellphone search was has filed an amicus brief in this case. “viewpoint discrimination” instead of the court held that if a defendant objects creates reasonable suspicion of drunk contexts in which the issues arise. permissible as incident to an arrest if it whether it was clearly established that to the search of his or her home, that ob- driving because “[t]hat conduct bears How will the court decide these was “personal property . . . immediately First Amendment Issues the anti-Bush protesters could not be jection may be overridden by a co-tenant too great a resemblance to paradigmatic cases? A follow-up report and summary associated with [his] person.” In this In 2006, in Garcetti v. Ceballos, the Su- moved further away from the president after the defendant is no longer present. manifestations of drunk driving to be of all cases will be available at http:// case it was. preme Court held that public employee than the pro-Bush demonstrators. The Walter Fernandez told police they dismissed as an isolated example of www.statelocallc.org/articles, effective In Wurie, the First Circuit applied the speech made pursuant to an employee’s Supreme Court will also decide whether could not search his home. But after recklessness.” While the officer didn’t July 30, 2014. two justifications for a search incident to official job duties isn’t protected by the anti-Bush protesters have adequately he was arrested and removed from the observe additional suspicious conduct an arrest articulated in Chimel v. Cali- the First Amendment because a public claimed viewpoint discrimination when premises because he was suspected of after spotting the vehicle and observing LiSa Soronen is executive fornia, officer safety and preservation of employee is not acting as a private there was an obvious security-based domestic violence, the woman he was it for five minutes, police do not have to director, State and Local Legal evidence, and concluded that the warrant- citizen when making such speech. In rationale for moving them: They were living with consented to a search. In give suspected drunk drivers a “second Center, Washington, D.C., ([email protected]). the center files less cellphone search violated the Fourth Lane v. Franks, Edward Lane asks the closer to the president. SLLC has filed an Georgia v. Randolph, the court held chance for dangerous conduct [that] Supreme Court amicus briefs on Amendment. The court reasoned that Supreme Court to make an exception for amicus brief in this case. that if a defendant is physically present could have disastrous consequences.” behalf of the Big Seven national organizations representing state and local governments, which officer safety is irrelevant to cellphones, subpoenaed testimony. and objects to a warrantless search, a includes ICMA, national League of Cities, United and it is extremely unlikely that cellphone Lane claims he was laid off because Religious Freedom co-tenant cannot override that objection. States Conference of Mayors, national Governors data would be destroyed while officers he testified pursuant to a subpoena In Sebelius v. Hobby Lobby Stores and The court refused to extend Georgia v. In Sandifer v. U.S. Steel Corporation, Association, national Association of Counties, national Conference of State Legislatures, and obtain a warrant. before a grand jury and at a fed- Conestoga Wood Specialties Corp. v. Randolph, where the objecting defendant the Supreme Court held that donning the Council of State Governments.

18 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 19 special report | 2013 contributions

A SPECIAL THAnKS TO THE 2013 SuPPORTERS Sustaining Contributors Christopher Russo* Linda M. Barton* George R. Schrader Lawrence D. Bashe and Friends oF the Fund For ProFessional These generous individuals and organizations have contributed to ICMA Kathleen B. Sexton* William A. Bassett* fundraising initiatives for a decade or more. Robyn M. Stewart* David J. Bauer David R. Taylor Gerard J. Bauer ManageMent & the liFe, Well run CaMPaign David S. Arnold Edmond R. Hinkle John F. Shirey R. Marvin Townsend* Wolfgang Bauer Michael D. Baker Brian P. Humphress Alden F. Smith Michael W. Walker* Douglas O. Bean* CMA wants to thank the members, friends, state Washougal, Washington, and, Columbia, South Carolina, the Walter O. Barry Illinois City/County Glenn F. Spachman Management Association James W. Zumwalt* Fredrick M. Bean* associations, and organizations listed in this special state’s capital. Seth B. Benjamin Jennifer D. Sparacino Peter A. Korn Marilynne M. Beard* Stephen Berley James A. Stevens unDER $500 report for their commitment to building and maintaining Supporters of the Life, Well Run Campaign helped begin David Krings Marvin Beckerman Gregory J. Bielawski Robert L. Svehla Wilmer E. Abbott* successful and sustainable communities everywhere. the process of educating elected officials and key stakehold- Mary Jane Kuffner Hirt Billy P. Beckett Jeffrey Broughton Bonnie Svrcek Mark K. Achen* These individuals and groups are the donors for either ers about the value and importance of professional local Robert S. LaSala Kirk Bednar* Michael W. Burns Susan K. Thorpe Peter Agh William F. LaVecchia Frank Bednarek Ior both the Fund for Professional Management and the Life, managers. The campaign also has begun to catalog success Duane R. Cole R. Marvin Townsend Matt Allen* David M. Limardi Lynn P. Behrns Well Run Campaign. stories, which are available at lifewellrun.org. Samuel L. Coxson Bradley C. Vath Michael S. Allison Tom Lundy Carl F. Valente Daniel R. Beil Their generosity allowed the Fund for Professional Manage- ICMA would like to thank all of these individuals and orga- E. Allen Culverhouse Kamela B. Alston Lynn H. Markland Michael W. Walker Albert P. Beltrami* ment to help communities across the nation adopt or retain nizations for their generous support. Their contributions have Ed Daley Jon A. Anda Florentine Miller Washington City/County Frank I. Benest* Lloyd R. De Llamas Christopher Anderson* forms of government that include a professional manager, helped strengthen communities by supporting the profession. Sanford I. Miller Management Association Allison Bengtson* Daryl J. Delabbio Craig G. Anderson* which ICMA knows to be the best structure to set up a To learn more about the Fund for Professional Management and Ronald Molendyk John M. Weichsel Seth B. Benjamin David J. Deutsch David S. Anderson* community for success. In 2013, the fund helped defend this Life, Well Run, or to add your name to this list, visit ICMA.org/ Roger J.B. Morris Paul A. Wenbert James A. Bennett R. Michael Eastland Gordon R. Anderson* North Carolina City and Steven Wheeler Timothy R. Bennett effective, efficient, and ethical form of government in both fund or lifewellrun.org. Frank P. Edmunds Jill Anderson County Management Leslie R. White Paul R. Benoit Daniel L. Elliott John K. Anderson* Association Ivan L. Widom Greg Benson Lee Feldman John B. Andrews Robert J. O'Neill Glen Tracy Williams Adam J. Bentley Memorial Gifts Tribute Gifts Matthew T. Fritz Tanya A. Ange* Arthur A. Osten Robert L. Williams Alan H. Bergren* A. Lee Galloway Kenneth W. Parker Daniel A. Anslinger* The Hansell Fund Richard M. Koze In Memory of In Honor of Michael S. In Honor of John Garvey AJ Wilson Stephen Berley* Sam S. Gaston John F. Perry James F. App (In Memory of Henry T. Lyons, Jr. Mark E. Keane Allison Paul Shew Robert Wilson Mick W. Berry* William H. Illinois City/County Illinois City/County Management Dianne L. Gershuny John P. Applegate In Honor of Rod Gould M. Denis Peterson Peter J. Witschen James P. Berzina* Andrew J. McCown Management Hansell, Jr.) Association Elaine M. Polachek Jack S. Hamlett Richard T. Reed Stephen A. Arbo* Michael K. McGovern Association Mark Wollenweber Willie A. Best* Jon A. Anda In Honor of Kelly E. Arnold In Honor of Brian Gramentz Kathleen Jenks Harm David C. Ritz Nicole C. Ard* Peggy Merriss In Memory of T. ICMA-RC Edward A. Wyatt Russell Blackburn* Caroline J. Ascher ICMA-RC Richard F. Herbek Carl R. Rogers Larry N. Arft* Larry M. Miley Michael McDowell In Honor of Jane Bais Paul M. Ziehler Kenneth R. Blackman Wilmer K. Baldwin Marvin Beckerman In Honor of Paul M. Harlow Peter J. Herlofsky Kathleen F. Rush Jesus Armas Alison Miller Richards DiSessa Illinois City/County Management James W. Zumwalt Michael S. Blau* Donald J. Borut Sandy Diamond ICMA-RC Richard J. Hierstein Robert A. Schaumleffel David S. Arnold Kenneth H. Mohr Andrew D. Glassberg Association Winthro C. Block Wayne S. Burggraaff In Honor of Randy Balk Susan M. H. Arntz Barbara H. Moore Frank Ollendorff In Honor of Vernon Hills Terrell Blodgett* Michael Q. Cannon Kay S. Sandweiss Illinois City/County Management Illinois City/County Management Caroline J. Ascher Evelina Moulder Association Kathleen A. Blomo* Ed Daley In Memory of Louise Association Barbara J. Avard Sara M. Muir In Honor of Ray R. Bockman Wally Bobkiewicz* John E. Dever S. Morris In Honor of Robert C. Homan Joan McCallen John E. Dever Rodney W. Avery Keith F. Mulrooney David S. Anderson Illinois City/County Management ICMA-RC Individual Cornelius L. Boganey* Gregory J. Dyson Association Peggy Merriss* Milton R. Dohoney* Sheryl D. Bailey* Mary Eileen O'Connell Illinois City/County In Honor of Thomas R. Donors John P. Bohenko* R. Michael Eastland Management In Honor of Pamela L. Gerald E. Newfarmer* Bernice T. Duletski W. Lane Bailey* Robert J. O'Neill, Jr. Hoover Marvin S. Bolinger Lee Feldman Association Brenner ICMA-RC Karl F. Nollenberger Paul D. Eckles* Michelle E. Bailey-Hedgepeth $5,000+ Norton N. Bonaparte* Frank R. Fischl, Jr. Uma Ramesh In Memory of ICMA-RC In Honor of James Landon Nancy T. Galkowski* Robert J. O'Neill* Timothy J. Erwert* Ann G. Bailie* Edith D. Ritter Margaret Murdock In Honor of William P. Calvin A. Bonenberger* Shannon Flanagan- ICMA-RC Jeanne Robertson Kevin M. Flannery* Jane Bais DiSessa* Watson Jeanne Robertson Illinois City/County Buchanan Connie Hansell Thomas Bonfield* Management ICMA-RC In Honor of Richard F. Sheryl L. Sculley* George D. Forbes Thomas Bakaly H. Edward Flentje Bruce Romer McInturff Lyndon L. Bonner Association In Honor of Ron Carlee $1,000 TO $4,999 Keith Sendall* Elizabeth Fretwell* Brett R. Baker* Michele Frisby Carolyn R. Romer ICMA-RC Sherry L. Borgsdorf In Memory of GreerWalker LLP James C. Bacon Paul A. Steinbrenner Sam S. Gaston* Michael D. Baker Sam S. Gaston Terry Schutten James D. norris In Honor of Douglas R. Miller Jon Bormet In Honor of Steve Carter ICMA-RC Ron Carlee* Jackson C. Tuttle* James K. Giese Jay M. Baksa* George D. Goodman Betsy D. Sherman Illinois City/County Illinois City/County Management Donald J. Borut Management In Honor of Ronald L. Olson Ed Daley* Ronald N. Whitehead* G. William Hammon* Luanne Baldridge* Connie Hansell Alan Siegel Association Ronald C. Bowman* Association ICMA-RC Kevin C. Duggan* Timothy C. Hansley William J. Baldridge* Susanne Hansell Elaine S. Snyder In Honor of John A. Elsesser $500 TO $999 Donald E. Bradley* In Memory of ICMA-RC In Honor of Martha L. Perego Vicki Eastland Kathleen Jenks Harm* Wilmer K. Baldwin* Kathleen Jenks Harm Jennifer D. Sparacino Rose Slaninka W. Calvin Horton Charles S. Anderson* Paul J. Brake* In Honor of Lee Feldman Lee Feldman* Richard F. Herbek* William R. Balling* Robert L. Herchert David R. Taylor Illinois City/County In Honor of Kenneth R. James H. Bennett Patricia M. Brammer Management Alan M. Ours Shannon Flanagan-Watson* Douglas J. Hewett* Deborah Balser Cheryl Hilvert Revan A. F. Tranter Pulskamp Gregory J. Bielawski* Jeff D. Braun Association In Honor of Ken Fritz ICMA-RC Ted A. Gaebler James G. Jayne* Virginia L. Barney* Barbara Holland Robert A. Trimble Illinois City/County Management David Biggs* Julie M. Brenman* In Memory of In Honor of Lewis J. Anthony H. Griffin* Anne Kennedy Kevin S. Barr ICMA-RC G. Faye Watson Leslie Voorhees Association J. Peter Braun Patrick M. Brennan* Steinbrecher Pat Gwyn* Stan E. Kennedy Katherine L. Barrett* Ruth Keblish Mark S. Watson Illinois City/County In Honor of Bill Ganek ICMA-RC Larry J. Brown Pamela L. Brenner* Management Illinois City/County Management George L. Hanbury Patricia E. Martel* Jillian C. Barrick* Elizabeth K. Kellar Paul A. Wenbert In Honor of Robin Weaver William P. Buchanan Kurt Bressner Association Association Scott A. Hancock* Donald F. McIntyre Ted Barron* Anne Kennedy Terry L. Zerkle Illinois City/County Management John J. Caulfield* William R. Bridgeo In Memory of In Honor of Timothy J. Gagen Association Lloyd V. Harrell* Thomas Muehlenbeck* Maureen M. Barry* Stan E. Kennedy In Memory of James L. Westbrook ICMA-RC Gerald L. Clausen* Paul A. Bringewatt* Robert L. Herchert Keith F. Mulrooney Walter O. Barry* C. Samuel Kissinger Gary Gwyn Carolyn H. Carter Michael A. Conduff* Jeffrey Broughton* Pat Gwyn Jennifer Kimball* Kimball Payne* Ronald E. Bartels* Lloyd R. De Llamas* Adam J. Brown* Robert S. LaSala* Richard D. Rowe Dan R. Bartlett* David J. Deutsch* John B. Brown * INDICATES THAT ALL OR PART OF THE CONTRIBUTION WAS DESIGNATED FOR THE Life, WeLL Run CAMPAIGN. David M. Limardi*

20 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 21 special report | 2013 contributions

Richard V. Brown* Martin J. Corcoran* R. Michael Eastland Michael Garvey* Charles B. Hetrick William A. Keffler* Craig Lonon Peter J. Miller HELP ICMA CELEBRATE Troy S. Brown* Tobias M. Cordek* Rebecca L. Eby Dennis J. Gehrt W. Brian Hiatt* Elizabeth K. Kellar Anthony Bonilla Lopez* Robert A. Miller Thomas L. Brownlow Jill F. Cornett* William H. Edgar* Rita L. Geldert* Richard J. Hierstein* Linda Kelly* Jeffrey V. Lord* Laura Biery Minnich THE PROFESSIOn As ICMA celebrates its 100th anniversary, it is asking Dee F. Bruemmer* Ricardo T. Cortes Candice J. Edmondson* Dianne L. Gershuny Carrie Parker Hill* Richard Kelton* Katherine G. Love Scott W. Mitnick* members to step beyond their own hometowns and Robert J. Bruner Rick Cortes* Frank P. Edmunds* Richard Gertson* Penny Hill* Bertrand N. Kendall* Edward D. Lowe* Paul J. Moderacki* help strengthen communities by supporting the Life, Stephen W. Bryant* William M. Costick Daniel L. Elliott* Heather M. Geyer* Cheryl Hilvert Richard I. Kerbel* Oryan D. Lowry Kenneth H. Mohr Well Run campaign. David Bullock Toby R. Cotter* Donald Scott Elliott* Allen D. Gill Blaine R. Hinds* Dennis W. Kerns Abigail K. Lundy* Ronald Molendyk Wayne S. Burggraaff Jay B. Covington Dan Englund Judith A. Gilleland* Edmond R. Hinkle* Kimberly A. Kerr* Tom Lundy* Bill A. Monahan* This campaign advocates and showcases the important Reagan Burkholder Charles S. Coward Jason R. Eppler* Andrew D. Glassberg Brent D. Hinson* Robert R. Kiely* Peter F. Lydens* Bryan Hyrum Montgomery* role a professional manager plays in building communities Larry D. Burks* Samuel L. Coxson* Lee C. Erdmann* Marcia E. Glick Ray H. Hodges Brad L. Kilger* Henry T. Lyons Barbara H. Moore* to elected officials, the next generation of students, and Robertta J. Burns Ian M. Coyle* Lea Eriksen* Donald L. Gloo* James N. Holgersson T. Robert Kindred* Gayle L. Mabery Bruce Moore* other key stakeholders. ICMA knows that professional Barry A. Burton Paula Joan Cozzarelli* Severo Esquivel* Brannon J. Godfrey Barbara Holland Norman R. King Edward C. Madere* David R. Mora* managers wish to remain unsung heroes, but without Charles P. Bush* William P. Craig Darrell L. Essex Magda Alicia Gonzalez* David A. Hollis* Stephen P. King* Susan Maggiotto* David E. Moran* promoting the value of the profession, communities will Paul D. Bussey Michelle Crandall* Raymond C. Eubanks* Derik V. Goodine* Stephen L. Hollister* Stephen H. Kirkman Ann Mahoney* Gavin W. Morgan not have the benefit of effective, efficient, and ethical local Thomas M. Butch Jay W. Cravens* Edward P. Everett George D. Goodman Gary C. Holmes Richard L. Kirkwood* Craig Malin* Richard Scott Morgan* government management. Bernice D. Butler Peter J. Crichton* Jennifer Fadden* Mike Goodrich* Robert Homan* C. Samuel Kissinger Michael D. Mallinoff* Scott Morgan* ICMA members are passionate about their profession Rod B. Butler* Charles J. Cristello Frank Fairbanks* Lydia Goodwin Wilson B. Hooper* Daniel A. Kleman James J. Malloy* Andrew A. Morris* and serving the communities they call home. Please John D. Butz* Michael P. Crotty* Stewart Fairburn* Raymond W. Gosack* Thomas R. Hoover Stephanie Knebel* Samuel D. Mamet* Robert B. Morris* consider contributing $100 in ICMA’s 100th year to Lawrence Jeff Butzlaff Gretchen S. Crowson* Steven B. Falk* Rodney S. Gould* William B. Horne* Juniper Korkie* John G. Manahan* Roger J.B. Morris help set up professional managers and communities Randall D. Byrne* Roger D. Crum Simon Farbrother Robert J. Gregory* W. Calvin Horton Peter A. Korn Joseph F. Manning* Steven J. Morus* for success. Learn more about Life, Well Run and John M. Call E. Allen Culverhouse* Dwight L. Farmer Ryan Gregory James A. Hough* Edward B. Koryzno Lynn H. Markland* A. William Moss* contributing $100 at the website icma.org/100lwr. David M. Campbell* Karen J. Cumbo* Herman R. Fast Jay A. Gsell* Henry Howard Richard M. Koze Thomas M. Markus* Thomas M. Moton* Michael Q. Cannon Larry J. Cunningham Duane Feekes Brenda Sedlacek Gunn* James R. Howell* David Krings* Paul D. Markworth* Evelina Moulder Patrick A. Cannon* Greg J. Cuoio* Ron R. Fehr* Miles B. Hadley* Elizabeth Howley John Kross* Anthony J. Marryatt Janet R. Muchnik* Lee Hood Capps* Peter M. Curry Gregory C. Fehrenbach Albert E. Haines* Peter M. Huber* Larry R. Kruse* James G. Marshall* Sara M. Muir Eric W. Oyer Kevin C. Poe* Shaun Carey* Clay J. Curtin* Paul J. Feldman* Douglas A. Haines* Richard H. Huckaby* Mary Jane Kuffner Hirt Mark C. Masciola* Michael Muirhead David A. Oyler Gary F. Pokorny* Angela Carrier* Richard C. Cushing Veronica A. Ferguson* Robert M. Halloran* Gary A. Huff* Gregory T. Kuhn* Joel R. Mashburn Melissa Mundt* Charles S. Ozaki* Elaine M. Polachek Kevin Carruth* Richard M. Czopp* William Bowman Ferguson* Jack S. Hamlett* Michael W. Huggins* Robert A. Kuntz Derek M. Matheson Joyce L. Munro* Derrick Parham* Donna Zufan Pontau* Carolyn H. Carter Anton Dahlerbruch* Thomas W. Finnie Kenneth C. Hampian* Shirley D. Hughes* Debra Kurita* Robert E. Matson* Brian P. Murphy* Kenneth W. Parker* Max L. Pope Steven C. Carter Sanford W. Daily Frank R. Fischl Scott Hanin Marc G. Hummel* Douglas N. La Belle Opal D. Mauldin-Robertson James T. Murphy Wayne C. Parker* Gregory M. Porter* Denise Y. Casey* John H. Daly Alan M. Fisher* James C. Hankla* Raymond J. Hummert Tammy A. LaBorde* Adam Maxwell* Jeffrey B. Muzzy* Stephen F. Parry* Tedd E. Povar* Timothy J. Casey* John C. Darrington James Fisher Douglass D. Hanley* Brian P. Humphress* William C. Lahman* Richard A. Mays* Mark E. Nagel* Reagan Parsons* Orville W. Powell* Michael J. Cassady Arthur A. Davis* William H. Fisher Susanne Hansell Michael W. Huse* Scot F. Lahrmer Dominic F. Mazza Spencer R. Nebel* David M. Pasquale Michael B. Press Clarence L. Cassens Cameron Davis* Daniel W. Fitzpatrick* Jim Hanson Steven C. Husemann Jack Lam* Kelly R. McAdoo* Andrew E. Neiditz* James H. Patrick* Su Zanna K. Prophet* June W. Catalano Karen L. Davis* Kate P. Fitzpatrick* Larry H. Hanson* Michael Hutchinson* Paul A. Lanspery* Deron L. McCormick Ghida S. Neukirch Frank Patrizio* James D. Prosser Melisa Caughman* Joe P. Dearing John L. Fitzwater* Carl Harness* Lana Hygh Bernard C. LaPira Andrew J. McCown* Kimberly Darigan Newman Nicholas A. Pavlovich Richard F. Quigley Jane A. Chambers* Homer T. Dearmin Robert F. Flatley* Cecil R. Harris* Robert E. Ihlein* Maria Lasday* Mark L. McDaniel* David J. Niemeyer* Joseph S. Paxton* Georgia L. Ragland* Victoria W. Charlesworth* Thomas F. DeGiulio* Malcolm H. Fleming* David J. Harris* Albert G. Ilg* Edward F. Lavallee Brian E. McDougal* Preya B. Nixon* Clay Pearson* Uma Ramesh* Sterling B. Cheatham Daryl J. Delabbio* H. Edward Flentje Dewey Harris* Dale E. Iman* William F. LaVecchia Robert D. McEvoy* Jack R. Noble Mary Kay Peck Richard J. Ramirez* Oliver Chi Francis M. Delach* Rebecca L. Fleury* Robert William Harrison Sheyi I. Ipaye* Robert C. Lawton Michael K. McGovern Robert S. Noe* Roy R. Pederson James W. Randall David M. Childs* Walter L. Denton Michael A. Flynn* Peter C. Harvey Mary E. Jacobs* Jack P. Layne Timothy P. McInerney* Eric P. Norenberg* Charles W. Penny* Mark R. Randall* Robert M. Christofferson Paul R. Deschaine* Matthew J. Formica* Theodore M. Hauser* Terrell Jacobs Scott D. Lazenby* Alexander D. McIntyre* Anne L. Norris* Mike R. Perez* Michael J. Redlinger* Gale Christy* Sandy Diamond Thomas Fountaine Josh M. Hawkins Kay W. James* Jim Leddy Christopher McKenzie* John M. Novinson* Jan C. Perkins* Barry J. Reed R. Leon Churchill* Gregory P. Dietterick* Randi Frank* Richard J. Haydon* Robert W. Jean* Steven L. Ledoux* Michael P. McLaughlin* Leo E. Ochs* Mark C. Perkins Richard T. Reed* Edward J. Ciecka* Shane Diller Robert D. Franz* Autron S. Hayes James C. Jimenez* Robert E. Lee* Jennifer A. McMahon* Mary Eileen O'Connell John F. Perry* Roger J. Reinke* Sebia M. Clark David B. Dillner* William J. Fraser* Tansy Hayward* David M. Jinkens Darron J. Leiker Mark H. McNeill* James B. O'Grady* Steven B. Peru Pamela Joyce Reitz W. Bruce Clark* Jeffrey W. Dingman* David W. Frasher Vernon G. Hazen Brian L. Johnson* Douglas K. Leslie Michele E. Meade* Nancy Red Olcese M. Denis Peterson* Jeffrey D. Rhodes* Frank W. Clifton Vince DiPiazza Kevin D. Frazell Robert L. Hegel Cynthia D. Johnson* Mark M. Levin* James L. Mercer* James B. Oliver Scott D. Peterson Daniel Rich* Duane R. Cole William C. Dixon* Thomas W. Fredericks Ryan C. Heiar* Daniel A. Johnson* Nadine P. Levin* David Meriwether* Roy Oliver John D. Petrin* Alan Riffel* Julie Colley* David M. Dorgan Michele Frisby* Kevin L. Helms* Dwight D. Johnson* Karen R. Levine* Melanie D. Mesko Lee Frank Ollendorff George A. Pettit Albert J. Rigoni* Adam R. Collins* Matthew P. Dovell Matthew T. Fritz Richard E. Helton* William E. Johnson Douglas Lewis* Bruce A. Messelt* Daniel P. Olpere Marc H. Pfeiffer* Michael K. Riley W. Larry Collins Ron Dowell Thomas J. Fromme* Dennis T. Henderson* Robert B. Johnston* James R. Lewis Larry M. Miley David H. Olson* James S. Phillips* Edith D. Ritter John F. Connet* Edward R. Driggers* Andrew P. Fulghum Leonard G. Hendricks* William H. Jones* Janet Lewis* Alison Miller Richards Peter L. Olson* John C. Phillips* David C. Ritz Peter T. Connet* Agata Drygas-Andryszewski Matthew Fulton* Lisa E. Henning* Janine Jordan* Jonathan R. Lewis* Dianne E. Miller Marcia D. Onieal* John R. Pick* Antonio Rivera Caitlin R. Connolly* Lydia E. Du Borg Timothy J. Gagen* Bertha W. Henry Roger Jordan* Randy D. Lewis Douglas R. Miller* Roberta L. Orsini* Dennis E. Piendak Meredith Roark* John T. Cook* John J. Duffy Tonya Ann Galbraith* Charles T. Henry J. Michael Joyal* Katie E. Lichtig* Eoghan P. Miller* Ruth Osuna Robert G. Pierce Meredith Stengel Robson* Yvonne E. Coon* Mark E. Durbin* Karen S. Gallivan Peter J. Herlofsky David Junger* Jasmine L. Lim* Florentine Miller* Reid T. Ottesen Karen E. Pinkos* Carl R. Rogers Larry R. Coons David L. Dyer* A. Lee Galloway* Michael S. Herman* Ruth Keblish William A. Lindsay* Justin J. Miller Alan M. Ours* Anthony T. Plante* Bruce Romer Jerry W. Cooper* Gregory J. Dyson Anton S. Gardner* Roger T. Hernstadt William M. Keefer J. William Little* Kerry L. Miller* Michael R. Overton* Decker P. Ploehn* Carolyn R. Romer Robb W. Corbett* Pamela S. Easter* Charmelle Garrett Michael G. Herring* Margaret Keegan* Allen B. Locke* Mark W. Miller* David W. Owen* Lon D. Pluckhahn* J. Mark Rooney* Lewis R. Loebe Michael G. Miller Craig S. Owens

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22 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 23 special report | 2013 contributions department | subtitle here

Denise M. Rose* George D. Smith Nathan R. Thiel* David S. Whitlow* Kansas Association of City/ Margie C. Rose James A. Smith* Robert D. Thistle* Ivan L. Widom* County Management Michael G. Ross James C. Smith* Charles O. Thomas John T. Wieland* Kentucky City/County Management Association* William R. Ross* Karen A. Smith* Erik L. Thompson Michael Wilkes Missouri City Management Alison D. Rudolf* Michael W. Smith Patricia S. Thompson* Glen Tracy Williams* Association* Frank A. Rush* Phillip D. Smith-Hanes* Steven Terry Thompson* Robert L. Williams* South Carolina City and Kathleen F. Rush* David M. Smoak* Susan K. Thorpe* Michael Willis* County Management Donald L. Russell* Laura Snideman* William H. Thrasher AJ Wilson* Association James D. Ruth Elaine S. Snyder James Thurmond Bryce L. Wilson* Tennessee City Management Association* Elizabeth S. Ruyle-Hullinger Mindi Snyder* Cherise L. Tieben Earl D. Wilson Virginia Local Government Valerie L. Salmons* Stephen J. Sobers Lynn S. Tipton* Joyce A. Wilson Management Association Kay S. Sandweiss David R. Sollenberger Patrick E. Titterington Robert Wilson Washington City/County Jennifer Santos Kyle R. Sonnenberg* James E. Tolbert* Martha Wine* Management Association Michael J. Scanlon* Scott A. Sorrel Jeffrey R. Towery* Donald P. Witkowski* $500 TO $999 Steven L. Schainker* Glenn D. Southard* Bradford J. Townsend* Edward G. Wohlenberg* GreerWalker LLP* Gerald E. Schapiro* Glenn F. Spachman* Revan A. F. Tranter Mark Wollenweber* Rhode Island City and Town Jennifer D. Sparacino* Russell G. Treadway* Robert J. Schiedler Robert L. Wonder* Management Association* Eugene A. Schiller* James K. Spore* David W. Treme Roderick J. Wood Mark A. Schlagheck* Catherine P. Standiford* Robert A. Trimble* Nicholas W. Woolery* unDER $500 Jeremy Schmidt Brandon J. Stanick Sandra E. Tripp-Jones* Edwin L. Worsley* City of Coachella, California* Todd J. Schmidt* Reginald S. Stapczynski* Linda Lovvorn Tucker Dawn L. Wucki-Rossbach* City of El Reno, Oklahoma Richard C. Schnaedter* Maureen A. Stapleton* Robert M. Turner Edward A. Wyatt Ohio City/County Manage- Jeffrey A. Schott* Theodore J. Staton* Kurtis G. Ulrich* Steven Wylie ment Association* Terry Schutten Chuck Stearns* Richard Underkofler* Joseph Yarbrough St. Louis Area City Manage- ment Association Raymond D. Schweitzer* Daniel A. Stefano Julie Thuy Underwood* Hannes Zacharias* Mark A. Scott* Charlene R. Stevens* David J. Unmacht Carol B. Zar Gary Sears Merrett R. Stierheim* Maryann I. Ustick* Terry L. Zerkle* Charles G. Seivers* Scott C. Stiles* Carl F. Valente* Eric G. Ziegler* ICMA wants to offer a William Sequino* Jason J. Stilwell* Maureen Godsey Valente* Paul M. Ziehler* special thanks to these Mona Serageldin Barry A. Stock* Russell Van Gompel* Matthew D. Zimmerman state associations for Warren H. Shafer Linda K. Story Michael C. Van Milligen* Judith Ann Zimomra* their long-term efforts to Joyce A. Shanahan* Kent S. Street* Donna S. VanderClock* Tim A. Zisoff support ICMA initiatives: Albert R. Sharp* Mary L. Strenn Bradley C. Vath* City Management Associa- Randal B. Sharpe* David A. Strohl* Gerry A. Vernon* Organizational tion of Oklahoma Gina T. Shell* Dennis R. Stuckey Linda Crew Vine* Donors Maryland City/County Jack D. Shelver Eric S. Stuckey* Ellen W. Volmert Management Association* Betsy D. Sherman* Terry Keith Suggs Theodore L. Voorhees $50,000+ Massachusetts Municipal Susan E. Sherman* Amy Sullivan* Melissa Byrne Vossmer* ICMA-RC* Association Paul Shew* C. Seth Sumner* Michael John Votca Minnesota City/County Edward K. Shikada* Greg R. Sund* David R. Waffle* $25,000 TO $49,999 Management Association John F. Shirey* Martin J. Super* Ronald G. Wagenmann Illinois City/County Management Association* Ronald Showalter Andrea Surratt* Elizabeth D. Warmerdam* Nebraska City/County Management Association Alan Siegel Robert L. Svehla Mitchell Wasserman $5,000+ Texas City Management Brian W. Silcott* Bonnie Svrcek* Graham L. Waters* Georgia Municipal Reid Silverboard Lee Szymborski* G. Faye Watson Association* Association Katy Simon Henry Taboada Jerene Watson* Michigan Local Government Jonathan F. Simons* William G. Tallman* Mark S. Watson Management Association* Jack Arthur Simpson* Thomas A. Tanghe Robin A. Weaver* North Carolina City and County Management Scot E. Simpson* Michael E. Tann* Jacqueline I. Wedding- Association Henry D. Sinda M.D. Marty Tarshes Scott* Daniel A. Singer* Dennis M. Taylor John K. Weithofer* $1,000 TO $4,999 Robert E. Slavin* J. William Taylor Paul A. Wenbert Alabama City/County Management Association* Dave Slezickey John L. Taylor* Michael K. West James L. Westbrook Arkansas City Management Richard C. Slingerland Russell P. Taylor* Association* Gary L. Whatcott Walter J. Slipe Steven H. Taylor* Association for Pennsylvania Mell E. Smigielski* David S. Teel* Steven Wheeler Municipal Management Alden F. Smith Douglas K. Terry Martha L. Wheelock* California City Management Catherine M. Smith* John T. Terry Bryan L. White* Foundation* Cory Lee Smith* J. Edward Tewes Leslie R. White Florida City and County Management Association Dana M. Smith* Steve H. Thacker* Thomas J. White* Charles S. Whiting Indiana Municipal Manage- Dele Lowman Smith* Bonnie L. Therrien ment Association*

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24 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 25 commentary | professional exchange

A month prior to our visit, we we met in our respective host organiza- worked together to craft an action- Last, and definiteLy not Least, the best tions for further details on the programs packed, week-long agenda where all part of the exchange Was the neW re- and services we learned about. meetings or shadowing experiences were Ultimately, both of us believe that coordinated to include travel to and from Lationships that Were buiLt among the these direct exchanges should happen off-site locations. Finally, it was crucial anaLysts and organizations. more often. They foster Tenet 8 of that both organizations were fully aware ICMA’s Code of Ethics: “Make it a duty of the exchange in advance, allowing continually to improve the member’s staff to prepare meaningful site visits and later, meet one-on-one with most In reflecting about experiences in professional ability and to develop the and learning opportunities. To help with department directors to discuss the Palo Alto, coauthor Romo observes competence of associates in the use of this, we e-mailed the respective leader- implementation details. that “Learning about the 311 app and management techniques.” ship teams about the exchanges several The activities we participated in were Open Data initiative made me under- Hopefully, our experience shared weeks before our visits, and the manag- similar to attending a conference session stand the complexities of working with briefly in this article will help create a ers discussed the visits at their weekly but were much more robust. The cost, different stakeholder to make these wave of informal, invaluable, and By KhAshAyAr “CAsh” ALAEE ANd PAULA roMo executive meetings. too, was similar to attending, minus the projects a reality.” inexpensive exchanges between other During the exchange, I observed first- registration fee, but the experience al- local governments. From Coast hand how several of Fort Lauderdale’s lowed full emersion into another organi- Building New Relationships key strategies are being implemented zation and hands-on know-how. Last, and definitely not least, the best to Coast and being used by the organization at Again, being from Palo Alto, I found part of the exchange was the new KHASHAyAR “CASH” City managers facilitate analyst exchange cross-disciplinary collaboration/action that watching an FL2STAT meeting relationships that were built among the ALAEE is senior 2 management analyst, meetings called FL STAT, Fort Lauder- demonstrated Fort Lauderdale’s ability analysts and organizations. Long after Palo Alto, California dale’s version of PerformanceSTAT. to organize the resources to meet the the exchange ended, we have stayed (khashayar.alaee@ These strategies included Fast Forward needs of the community and be ac- connected, communicating often. Both cityofpaloalto.org), and PAuLA ROMO is senior performance analyst, Fort Lauderdale, Florida hen I, coauthor Cash Alaee, Keene has implemented design think- Fort Lauderdale: Our City, Our Vision countable for it. of us also regularly tap the individuals ([email protected]). Palo Alto, California’s senior ing, a human-centered approach to in- 2035 and Press Play Fort Lauderdale: Our Wmanagement analyst, asked novation, and a start-up environment in City, Our Strategic Plan 2018. City Manager Jim Keene if I could go Palo Alto, and Feldman has implemented I also learned about police services COMING IN JULY! to Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to shadow a strategic and performance manage- (both land and marine), special events City Manager Lee Feldman, Jim stopped ment philosophy in Fort Lauderdale. We, coordination, and the Fort Lauderdale jogging, looked at me, and asked, “Spring the analysts, benefited greatly by being Executive Airport. Since I’m a member break on the city’s dime?” able to share these concepts and watch of the Palo Alto Special Events Commit- The running continued, and so did them in action. tee, comparing both cities’ programs the conversation on the importance of was especially valuable, as I was able to exchanges and how, if carefully designed, Managers Take Mentor Role identify areas of opportunity, including the one I was considering could enor- A key to success was having the in- staffing structure, meeting structure, and mously impact both organizations. volvement of each local government approval process that can be imple- Professional exchanges are not a new manager. After the initial exchange idea mented in Palo Alto. concept. Government organizations have was breached, Keene and Feldman took been conducting them for years. ICMA, ownership of the exchange and ensured Romo’s Report Great Performance Requires Great Analytics for instance, has several formal exchange ample time was set aside on their calen- For this Fort Lauderdale analyst, my ICMA Insights™, a cutting-edge performance management and analytics solution developed in programs in place that promote learning dars to mentor Paula and me. experience was as much learning as it partnership with SAS , gives communities the power to and knowledge sharing among local Coauthor Paula Romo, Fort Lauder- was sharing. I was exposed to Palo Alto’s ® • Measure a core set of well-defined and comparable indicators within a dynamic, world-class platform. government professionals. dale’s senior performance analyst, traveled sustainability programs, its customer-cen- • Compare performance to internal goals and to other communities across the country. But the Palo Alto–Fort Lauderdale to Palo Alto, and both she and I had tric philosophy, and its use of technology • Explore comparative data through customized reports on a monthly, quarterly, or annual basis. Analyst Exchange program was designed unfettered access to our respective host to engage the community; specifically specifically to fit the needs of our manager. We met with the host manager the 311 app, Open Data initiative, and • Analyze data to identify trends, monitor progress on strategic priorities, and make better decisions. respective organizations and our specific several times to discuss the exchange city’s the city’s recent Hackathon, which is a • Transform your community with leading-edge visualization tools and state-of-the-art business professional development goals. Both overall strategies, and both of us were able collaboration on software projects. intelligence solutions. Keene and Feldman serve on the Alliance to attend multiple operational and elected On the sharing side, I had the oppor- for Innovation’s board of directors and officials’ meetings, where we witnessed tunity to present to Palo Alto’s leadership To learn more about ICMA Insights, visit icma.org/performanceinsights have brought innovative strategies to firsthand Keene’s and Feldman’s manage- team Fort Lauderdale’s strategic and or contact Kira Hasbargen at [email protected]. their organizations. ment and leadership styles in action. performance management framework

14-602 Insights PM Half Page ad.indd 1 4/29/14 8:22 AM 26 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 27 commentary | professional exchange

14-602 Insights PM Half Page ad.indd 1 4/29/14 8:22 AM 26 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 27 management minute | cutting costs management minute | grant available

By rUdy BAzELMANs By BEvErLy BrowNING machines for your specific needs, consider- These kinds of sources can help you find ing initial outlay costs, equipment features grants that provide for new equipment. tamING PrINt aNd and capabilities, and ongoing costs. there are GraNts Whether or not you’re using a grant Beyond an analysis of usage data research database to conduct a search, CoPY Costs and developing a list of existing equip- For that you can set up automated e-mail notifica- Where to look for untapped savings opportunities ment, there are additional factors to look Look to the private sector for additional funding tions for specific search terms through at related to printing and copier costs. your subscription service or through n virtually every office environ- usage data. Equipment maintenance and repair histo- ocal government managers can con- You can also use a grant research da- Google Alerts. These alerts will notify ment today, printers, multifunction Every organization has different ries; document management services; and sider three critical indicators when tabase like Foundation Center, GrantSta- you when there’s a match with your term i devices, and copiers abound. The printing and copying needs ranging from such services as IT help desk or network L factoring competitive grants into tion, or eCivis Grants Network:Research in the database or in Google, so you can good news is that this equipment brings high volume or secure printing to color administration, mailroom, and print-shop local budgets: 1) professional development to identify private-sector funders. save time running manual searches. convenience and accessibility to the printing. Here are questions to consider in services are all important considerations line items have been either decreased or Subscription-based databases like these workplace, boosting employee productiv- studying use: to take into account in developing a deleted for one or more fiscal years; 2) ris- can assist you in targeting grants relevant 3. Your community’s parks and ity. The not-so-good news is that printing comprehensive view of the organization’s ing cost of equipment repair and replace- to project needs by using keywords, other recreation department has been at the and copying costs—the equipment, • What are your monthly volumes? printing and copying landscape. ment is eating at available budget dollars, filters, and e-mail alerts to automate your bottom of budgeting priorities for so supplies, service, and other associated • Do these numbers vary by month or and 3) residents are disgruntled over the search and save time. long that you can’t remember the last costs—often represent a substantial season, and if so, how much? 3. Investigate printer maintenance state of public recreation facilities. Private sector funding sources to tar- time any improvements were made. expense for local governments. • What has your historical usage been for alternatives. There are two ways to man- I know this seems like I’m preach- get include community foundations and Community gardening, sports, and A thorough review of printing and black and white copying and for color? age the cost of supplies and maintenance ing to the choir, but sometimes to save insurance foundations. You can also look conservation groups have stepped up to imaging costs is frequently avoided, • What changes in usage do you antici- for printers. The most common approach time and effort, an easier route is taken up community foundations in your state pick up trash, pull weeds, and repaint especially when taking into account pate in the coming years? is to purchase toner from your office by just filling out the forms for formula and region at the community foundation waste receptacles. running costs and related consumables. • What is the ratio of color versus black supply company and pay for repairs and grants—guaranteed funding based on a locator website at http://www.cof.org/ Some common budget line items In addition, these functions aren’t usually and white copying? Is it appropriate? maintenance as needed. head count allocation—while the pursuit community-foundation-locator. This for parks and recreation that can be controlled centrally in organizations. • How does this information align with Another approach is to pay a service of additional private-sector funding falls way, you already know the name of the isolated and included in private-sector An IT department, for example, might the lease and service agreements? company for supplies and maintenance by the wayside. Simply accepting that potential funder to search in one of the funding requests are waste receptacles, purchase and install equipment and “by-the-click.” This alternative, called a fiscal-year budget will always be in a subscription databases. interpretive signage, resurfacing of park a facilities or purchasing group might 2. Inventory existing equipment. Each managed print services (MPS), covers deficit is also a fatal mistake. Why use a database when you know areas, and interpretive guides who lead purchase supplies for the equipment or device has different operational costs. the cost of all supplies, maintenance, Here are some ideas on how you can the name of the funder? Because each of park visitors through historical areas and approve maintenance costs. What devices do you have—printers, and repairs; reduces the risks of using be creative and free up general funds for these subscription services has detailed explain their relevance to history, culture, According to estimates by Gartner, copiers and fax machines—and where remanufactured toner; and reduces IT more critical needs by pursuing competi- profiles of funders that reduce your general and the community. Consider contracting Inc., businesses spend 1 to 3 percent are these devices located? What are the resource requirements. This can be an tive private sector grants. Always keep in Internet search time and frustration when with senior residents to work as guides of their total annual revenue produc- makes, models, and ages of the devices? effective approach to consider. mind that once such grants start rolling you can’t locate the right information. and paying them a small stipend. ing documents, and many of them are Are there redundancies, and if so, in, they may not be comingled with Such special events as celebrations for thrown away. Buyers Laboratory reports where? Some additional information to 4. Leverage existing capabilities. your general fund account, and clear 2. Your equipment is outdated, and volunteers are also eligible for funding. that more than 90 percent of all com- gather would include: The tips identified above are linked to audit trails are necessary for all types of maintenance costs are soaring. It The best way to get started is to review panies—and presumable governmental this final recommendation. A detailed incoming funds. would actually be more cost-effective to your community’s wish lists for parks organizations—don’t track printing and • Which devices are used the most? Least review can result in a more coordinated purchase replacement items; however, and recreation needs and then look at copying costs. used? (Underused devices are a waste cost-savings initiative, allowing you to 1. Your unit of government can there are simply no available dollars. line-item expenses for the current year Given the cost associated with copy- of equipment and money; overused leverage your total spend or negotiating no longer afford to approve staff Vital law enforcement, fire and and following year. ing and printing, organizations should devices hurt productivity and can cause position with suppliers. requests for professional develop- emergency medical services, as well as What are some smaller (under look carefully at expenses in these cost premature failure.) Imaging and printing costs can be ment training, and spending caps other equipment, are often big-ticket $25,000) expenses that could be directed categories. This represents a potential, • Which devices require a larger share of tamed by scrutinizing usage figures, are hurting staff morale. items. As with professional development at private sector grantmakers like com- untapped savings opportunity. maintenance resources than others? taking stock of existing equipment and Did you know that there are corporate needs, you can tap into private-sector munity foundations, boating and fishing Here are some recommendations • Which devices generate the most projecting future needs, examining printer and foundation grantmakers that will grants from corporate and foundation foundations, and recreation equipment to manage printing and imaging complaints from users? maintenance alternatives, and exploring fund professional development grant re- grantmakers to fund such necessary corporate grantmakers? costs—suggestions that could lead to • Do you own devices that may need to opportunities to collaborate on services quests? Remember, the requests must be equipment as fire vehicles, ambulances, In these tight times, it only makes significant savings. be replaced in the future? and purchases. reasonable, justified, have limited high- protective gear, vehicle-based telecom- sense to explore all possibilities. • Are devices being redistributed to end travel expenses (no flying to France munication devices, and more. BEVERLy BROWnInG, MPA. DBA 1. Analyze usage data. This is the circumvent the above issues? RuDy BAzELMAnS is director, for an international meeting or staying at Two examples of private sector Vice President most important step to take. It’s difficult Expense Reduction Analysts (ERA), five-star resorts for a conference), and be funders supporting fire departments are Grants Professional Services to develop a plan for controlling costs Looking to the future, your organi- Addison, Texas (rbazelmans@ submitted at least six to nine months in the Firefighters Support Foundation and eCivis, Inc., an ICMA Strategic expensereduction.com). ERA is an Partner, Pasadena, California without taking a close look at current zation should find the most efficient ICMA Strategic Partner. advance of the training date. Fireman’s Fund Insurance Company. [email protected]

28 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 29 management minute | cutting costs management minute | grant available

28 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 29 management minute | travel budgets

By ThoM PUCCIo professional services take CoNtrol to advertIse, CoNtaCt oF the travel [email protected] or 800/745-8780. ALMONT ASSOCIATES We Specialize in Fiscally Responsible Public Safety Assistance BudGet Planning makes perfect Associates Across the Country Offices: Colorado, Florida, New Jersey, Texas ravel is an expense line item that local government (386) 341-0596 managers might mistakenly overlook; however, travel [email protected] services professional | t funds can make up a large portion of overall costs. Travel budgets can be controlled if time is taken to do the right www.almontassociates.com Subsidiary of Weber Enterprises LLC. research and planning. Proudly supporting the ICMA for 22 years Instead of rolling over a travel budget year after year, take time to review the organization’s travel patterns. Are there standard travel events that happen every year to the same Solutions for people who pay people. location? Is there an average cost associated with last-minute bookings or travel? What part of a department’s travel fluctu- ates on every trip, like airfare, and what part remains more marketplace consistent, like car rental? Job Classification Providing Innova�ve Solu�ons Since 1976 Evaluating such organizational travel patterns as keeping Compensation track of the key city destinations, number of travelers per Performance Pay Opera�onal/Organiza�onal Execu�ve Recruitment & month from each department, and monthly spend on hotels Salary Surveys Eﬃciency Analysis Professional Development and ancillary costs can help identify specific practices that Shared Services/Mergers Master/Strategic Planning keep costs lower. a policy that identifies them as preferred partners. Staff will Standards of Coverage Administra�ve Support A group of travelers in one department, for example, might also have multiple brands to select from across different be booking a hotel at a higher rate and paying for Wi-Fi and price points with different amenities in almost any location 1335 County Road D Circle East Honesty | Integrity | Service breakfast, while another department might be booking a hotel they could need. St. Paul, MN 55109-5260 Phone: (651) 635-0976 Fax: (651) 635-0980 in the same city offering such complimentary amenities as free With air travel, look to establish a relationship with one key P.O. Box 32985 • Phoenix, AZ 85064-2985 25030 SW Parkway Avenue | Suite 330 | Wilsonville, Oregon 97070 breakfast and Wi-Fi. partner that may have central hubs in or around your commu- Phone: (602) 840-1070 Fax: (602) 840-1071 www.foxlawson.com Branch Oﬃces: North Carolina & Virginia Taking a detailed look is how more and more organiza- nity and key travel markets for employees. I recommend that Matrix_PM_Nov2012.pdf 1 11/8/12 11:59 AM 800.757.3724 | [email protected] | www.esci.us tions are planning travel budgets, thus providing an insight car rentals, like lodging, be centralized as much as possible to into which practices can be applied across the organization to take advantage of volume buying to drive down costs. optimize effectiveness and savings. Focused Research EMS & FirE ConSuLting Dig Deeper Into Data All in all, it’s about doing research and centralizing policies Once high-level travel budget trends are evaluated, dig deeper and processes. Select a preferred partner travel company across C Fitch & Associates has been a worldwide into the data you have. Look for specific instances where ancil- air carriers, lodging, and car rental for your organization and matrix M provider of complete financial, operational lary costs are adding up—things like meal expenses, technol- staff. This will help in negotiating better rates while benefiting consulting group Y and HR management consulting services ogy costs, and transportation. If your organization is spending from added perks. 201 San Antonio Circle, Suite 148 for more than 25 years. dollars on hotel rooms but staff is also paying for breakfast For lodging, look for hotel chains that can offer per diem CM Mountain View, CA 94040 650.858.0507• www.matrixcg.net meals, Internet access, and parking, then policy should be rates at most locations and have value-added amenities. MY With offices in California, Texas, Illinois & Massachusetts Visit fitchassoc.comto ext 106 or [email protected] Group, Inc., 301/215-6710, t Ben Harmon, The Townsend changed to drive staff toward lodging options that offer those Booking travel independently each and every time through C CY learn more, or call us ta added costs for free. different channels wreaks havoc on a travel budget. Management and operations studies N CMY today at 888-431-2600. Leading Change in o These ancillary costs may seem insignificant when looked Feasibility studies Emergency Services C K

at separately, but paying $15 for breakfast, plus $20 for Inter- se,

User fees and cost allocation I net access, and an additional $30 for overnight parking really THOM PuCCIO starts to add up per person. Account Director, Government Police • Fire • Public Works • Utilities Get your copy of our ICMA report Making Smart Choice Hotels International Parks & Recreation • Administration Choices About Fire and Emergency Medical Services Look to align your organization with brands that offer Rockville, Maryland in a Difficult Economy at the ICMA online bookstore. [email protected] Planning & Building o advert these amenities at no additional cost and work to implement t

30 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 31 management minute | travel budgets

at separately, but paying $15 for breakfast, plus $20 for Inter- se,

30 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm icma.org/pm JUNE 2014 | PUBLIC MANAGEMENT 31 marketplace | professional services 32 to advertIse, CoNtaCt Ben Harmon, The Townsend Group, Inc., 301/215-6710, ext 106 or [email protected] PUBLIC MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT PUBLIC 5579B Chamblee Dunwoody Rd. Dunwoody Chamblee 5579B email: [email protected]: 5579B ChambleeDunwoody Road #511 • Compensation and Classification Studies Classification and Compensation • 770.551.0403 •Fax770.339.9749 Pinpointing Workable Solutions from 18 Offices Nationwide OfficesWorkable 18 Pinpointing from Solutions • Organization and Management Studies Management Organizationand • w E-mail: [email protected] • B • Deploymntadvris • Datnlysi • Post-incdealy • Post-incdealy • Emergncyatd preadns • Buildngbres/ctaompy • Conslidatue • Perfomancsut C 3 51Alna A30338 GA Atlanta, #511 w 6 o F 0 w Atlanta, Georgia 30338 Georgia Atlanta, n Fax 770.339.9749 Fax i 1 e t . r s

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33 to advertIse, CoNtaCt Ben Harmon, The Townsend Group, Inc., 301/215-6710, ext 106 or [email protected] marketplace | professional services marketplace | professional services 32 to advertIse, CoNtaCt Ben Harmon, The Townsend Group, Inc., 301/215-6710, ext 106 or [email protected] PUBLIC MANAGEMENT MANAGEMENT PUBLIC 5579B Chamblee Dunwoody Rd. Dunwoody Chamblee 5579B email: [email protected]: 5579B ChambleeDunwoody Road #511 • Compensation and Classification Studies Classification and Compensation • 770.551.0403 •Fax770.339.9749 Pinpointing Workable Solutions from 18 Offices Nationwide OfficesWorkable 18 Pinpointing from Solutions • Organization and Management Studies Management Organizationand • w E-mail: [email protected] • Datnlysi • Post-incdealy • B • Deploymntadvris • Post-incdealy • Emergncyatd preadns • Buildngbres/ctaompy • Conslidatue • Perfomancsut C 3 51Alna A30338 GA Atlanta, #511 w 6 o F 0 w Atlanta, Georgia 30338 Georgia Atlanta, n Fax 770.339.9749 Fax i 1 e t . r s

a s 770.551.0403 W y e t g c s t p i , P

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f , a t P i r i n r o r e email: [email protected]: n e E-mail: [email protected]

t S n 505.466.9500 •Fax505.466.1274

e Santa Fe, New Mexico 87505 Mexico New Fe, Santa s V n 551 W.551 #726 CordovaRoad c m i A d r

d E Santa Fe,New Mexico 87505 s e e

t / 1000 CordovaPlace#726 2 i n a u n 2 Fax 505.466.1274 Fax t s d 2 , d i

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s practices in this dynamicpractices inthis and evolving field! book of Practices Best Roger is contributing author and editor of Town and Relations: Gown AHand- for more information. economically, educationally, and diverse ethnically communities. or e-mail Call his website. Dr. Kemp city as aseasoned manager has experience inpolitically, ofDetails Roger Kemp’s background and professional are skills highlighted on thatthose relate to state-of-the-art town-gown planning practices,including: (Town) governments and college include (Gown) campuses.services These • • • • • • Kemp ConsultinG User Fees and Charges Studies Capital Projects Planning Presentations and Speeches Revenue Agreements Joint Participation Facilitation Agreements Service TOWN ANDGOWN RELATIONS!

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33 to advertIse, CoNtaCt Ben Harmon, The Townsend Group, Inc., 301/215-6710, ext 106 or [email protected] marketplace | professional services short story | wild stories

Almost Comic-al Bizarro World includes characters that mean well but are slightly misguided. “Merry Christmas, Tony. When are you going to pick up my trash” was an actual phone call received at my home one Christmas morning at 7 a.m. The caller said: “My water bill can’t be right. I only take a bath when my wife does, and I use the same water.” Another caller had this to say: “Please let my dog out of the pound. He By ToNy rIvErA only bites relatives.” Staff members who worked with me just weren’t sure how BIzarro the dog knew who his owner’s family members were and who weren’t, but maybe it was by smell. suPermaNaGer And I expect that other managers Stories reminiscent of the comics have experienced similar stories in their Bizarro Worlds; however, we are true super heroes, and we know how to izarro Superman—a character While working as city manager of deal with strange experiences. As we created by DC Comics, publish- Ada, Oklahoma, there was a man who find out, we have to go into the phone b ers of the Superman comic book visited my office often and would booth and quickly turn from a Clark series—is a flawed imitation of his discuss his belief that his life and mine Kent to Superman. counterpart Superman. Bizarro lives were somehow destined to intertwine. There’s always a chance, of course, in a Bizarro World that is an exact op- He was a mysterious person and that someone will come up with some posite of Superman’s world. Bizarro’s impressed upon me that he wasn’t to kryptonite and try to hurt us, but we World might be sort of like the one be taken lightly. Again, police depart- always come out on top just like the that we city and county managers and ment detectives checked out his infatu- comic book Superman. administrators work in at times. Let ation with me. They watched him for a me explain. period of time and became suspicious My Super Story There was the day, for example, of his intentions. Here’s one final funny story. Once there when I received a telephone call from One evening they found him lying was a rumor started in a city far far a lady who claimed that Native Ameri- on top of his pickup truck and camper, away that the local city manager was cans had surrounded her house and fully camouflaged and ready for action meeting a certain young lady frequently were shooting arrows at her. Living in with a large hunting knife. We weren’t at a restaurant just outside of town. This Oklahoma, members of this population sure what enemy he was expecting; but was started by a group of “concerned group are residents, but I’m sure they do this incident gave us an opportunity to citizens” unhappy with the town’s trash not attack homes. get a search warrant for his house. collection system. The caller reported that she could What we found surprised even his They were absolutely right. That actually hear the hoofs of their horses on relatives who lived in a nearby town. His city manager (yes, it was me) was her roof. For this resident, the local police living room had been totally excavated indeed having an affair. It was with an department rode in and saved the day. into a giant foxhole. He had various extremely lovely lady—my wife! weapons scattered throughout his I hope my management colleagues’ Almost Normal house—none of them thank goodness of jobs also give them some great stores In the 42 years I’ve spent working in the ammunition variety. to tell. local government as city clerk/trea- This man had army-type clothing and surer and city manager, the encoun- camouflage materials. In other words, TOny RIVERA ters with Bizarro World have been he was ready for a war of some type. I City Manager almost as frequent as in the Superman sincerely hope I wasn’t destined to be El Reno, Oklahoma [email protected] comic books. one of his targets.

34 PUBLIC MANAGEMENT | JUNE 2014 icma.org/pm