APPENDIX
E CULTURAL HERITAGE EVALUATION REPORT
CULTURAL HERITAGE EVALUATION REPORT GORDONVILE BRIDGE COUNTY SITE No. B14005
(LOT 1, CONCESSION 7 GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF WEST LUTHER & LOT 18, CONCESSION 1 GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF ARTHUR)
WELLINGTON ROAD No. 14 TOWNSHIP OF WELLINGTON NORTH COUNTY OF WELLINGTON, ONTARIO
May 2017 Revised October 2017
Prepared for: WSP Canada Group Limited
Prepared by:
GORDONVILE BRIDGE COUNTY SITE No. B14005
(LOT 1, CONCESSION 7 GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF WEST LUTHER & LOT 18, CONCESSION 1 GEOGRAPHIC TOWNSHIP OF ARTHUR)
WELLINGTON ROAD No. 14 TOWNSHIP OF WELLINGTON NORTH COUNTY OF WELLINGTON
May 2017 Revised October 2017
Prepared for: WSP Canada Group Limited 610 Chartwell Road Suite 300 Oakville, ON, L6J 4A5
Prepared by: Unterman McPhail Associates Heritage Resource Management Consultants 540 Runnymede Road Toronto, ON, M6S 2Z7 Tel: 416-766-7333
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Project Description 1 1.2 Heritage Recognition 2
2.0 HISTORICAL SUMMARY 3 2.1 Introduction 3 2.2 Arthur Township 3 2.3 West Luther Township 5 2.3.1 Hamlet of Gordonville 7 2.4 Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 7 2.5 Structure Type: Concrete T-Beam 11 2.6 Bridge Designer/Builder 13
3.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION 16 3.1 Area Context 16 3.2 Site Description 17
4.0 BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCE DESCRIPTION 18 4.1 Gordonville Bridge, County No. B14005 19 4.1.1 Modifications 21 4.2 Comparative Analysis 21 4.2.1 Conclusion 23
5.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE EVALUATION 24 5.1 Introduction 24 5.2 Evaluation 25 5.3 Summary of Cultural Heritage Value 27 5.3.1 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value 27 5.3.2 Description of Heritage Attributes 28
6.0 CONCLUSION 28
SOURCES
APPENDIX A: Gordonville Bridge, MCEA Heritage Bridge Checklist, February 23, 2016 APPENDIX B: Historical Maps and Drawings APPENDIX C: Gordonville Bridge, Survey Form APPENDIX D: List of Comparative T-Beam Bridge Structures with the County of Wellington Inventory APPENDIX E: List of Projects, Bowman & Connor Engineering Consultants, A.W. Connor and Charles Mattaini
LIST OF TABLES
Page
Table 1. Evaluation under “Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value or Interest”, Ontario Regulation 9/06. 25
LIST OF FIGURES
Page
Figure 1. The Gordonville Bridge is situated on WR 14 at Four Mile Creek in the Township of Wellington North. [Corporation of the County of Wellington, 2016]. 1 Figure 2. This section of the 1919 Bowman and Connor drawing of the Gordonville Bridge shows part of the original handrail detailing [WCMA, MAP 371, as adapted]. 10 Figure 3. This view shows the west elevation of the Gordonville Bridge c1980 and the concrete handrail system that was installed in 1955 [WCMA, WC448, A2013.155, File 14. 1980]. 10 Figure 4. An annotated aerial photograph depicts the cultural heritage landscape in proximity to the Gordonville Bridge [Google 2017]. 17 Figure 5. This view looks south on WR 14 towards the Gordonville Bridge. Note the sign for the hamlet of Gordonville. The Gordonville St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church at 8952 WR 14 and the 19th century residence at 8949 WR 14 are clearly visible on a slight rise of land in the background. 18 Figure 6. This view shows the west elevation of the Gordonville Bridge and the original design intent of two arched spans. 19 Figure 7. This cross-section shows the existing Gordonville Bridge in 1994 before rehabilitation work [WCMA, No. 0550, Contract for repairs to Structure No. B14005 Gordonville Bridge, 1994, as adapted]. 20 Figure 8. This cross-section shows the Gordonville Bridge in 1919 [WCMA, MAP 371, Arthur, West Luther Twps. Townline, plan for Gordonville cantilever bridge, Concession 7, Arthur- West Luther Townline, 1919, as adapted]. 20
Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Page 1 (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario
1.0 INTRODUCTION
1.1 Project Description
WSP Canada Group Limited retained Unterman McPhail Associates, Heritage Resource Management Consultants, to undertake a Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report (CHER) on behalf of the County of Wellington for the Gordonville Bridge, Municipal County Bridge No. B14005. The Gordonville Bridge comprises a concrete T-beam structure constructed in 1919. It is located on WR 14 over Four Mile Creek, a tributary of the Conestogo River, approximately 0.2 km north of the 6th line and 8.5 km north of Highway 6 (Figure 1). A Municipal Heritage Bridges Cultural, Heritage and Archaeological Resources Assessment Checklist (Revised April 11, 2014) was completed in February 2016.
A bridge inspection in 2015 found the Gordonville Bridge to be in an advanced state of deterioration. The County of Wellington has commenced a Municipal Class Environmental Assessment Study (Class E), which is being conducted as a Schedule “B” project in accordance with Municipal Class Environmental Assessment (MCEA) of the Municipal Engineers Association (2007, 2011 and 2015) to address existing structural deficiencies of the subject bridge.
Figure 1. The Gordonville Bridge is situated on WR 14 at Four Mile Creek, in the Township of Wellington North. [Corporation of the County of Wellington, 2016].
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This Cultural Heritage Resource Evaluation Report (CHER) includes a historical summary of the bridge, a description of the bridge and its setting, an evaluation of the cultural heritage value of the bridge, a summary of cultural heritage value and recommendations. The site was evaluated using the criteria set out under Ontario Regulation 9/06, which was developed for the purpose of identifying and evaluating the cultural heritage value or interest of a property proposed for protection under Section 29 of the Ontario Heritage Act (OHA). Ontario Regulation 9/06 describes the three criteria as design value or physical value, historical value or associative value, and contextual value.
Appendix A contains the MCEA the Municipal Heritage Bridges Cultural, Heritage and Archaeological Resources Assessment Checklist (Revised April 11, 2014) for the subject bridge. Historical maps, photographs and drawings are in Appendix B and Appendix C contains a bridge survey form with current photographs of the structure and it’s setting. Appendix D includes a list of projects for Bowman & Connor Engineering Consultants, A.W. Connor and Charles Mattaini.
1.2 Heritage Recognition
Municipal The Township of Wellington North has not recognized the Gordonville Bridge as a registered property or as a municipally designated property on a municipal heritage register under Part IV or Part V of the OHA. The bridge is not the subject of a municipal heritage easement.
Grand River Conservation Authority The Grand River Conservation Authority is responsible for the management of The Grand River, a Canadian Heritage River. The federal, provincial and territorial governments in order to recognize outstanding rivers and ensure protection of significant heritage values established the Canadian Heritage Rivers system.
The Gordonville Bridge is identified as a heritage resource in the publication Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Heritage Bridge Inventory (March 2013).
Provincial and Federal The subject bridge is not provincially-owned, and therefore, is not identified as a provincial heritage property. It is also not recognized provincially through an Ontario Heritage Trust easement or commemorative plaque.
The Gordonville Bridge is included within the Grand River Watershed, which was designated as a Canadian Heritage River in 1994.
The Canadian Register of Historic Places (CRHP) is a federal, provincial and territorial effort and provides a single source of information about all historic places recognized for
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their heritage value at the local, provincial, territorial and national levels throughout Canada. The Register does not contain any Ontario examples of concrete T-beam bridges as heritage resources. The subject bridge is not recognized federally as a heritage resource, i.e., national historic site or federal heritage property.
2.0 HISTORICAL SUMMARY
2.1 Introduction
The District of Wellington became a separate administration unit in 1838. The United Counties of Waterloo, Wellington and Grey was formed in 1852 from the district and Wellington County separated from Waterloo County in 1853. Named after the First Duke of Wellington, the county held its first council meeting on January 23, 1854. At the time it included the Townships and Towns of Amaranth, Arthur, Eramosa, Erin, Guelph, Guelph (Town), Garafraxa, Maryborough, Nichol, Peel, Pilkington, and Puslinch. Luther and Arthur Townships joined Wellington County in 1857.
In 1999, amalgamation within the County structure resulted in the formation of the Township of Wellington North that included the Town of Mount Forest, the Village of Arthur and the Townships of West Luther and Arthur.
2.1 Arthur Township
Authority was given by Order in Council on April 13, 1837 to conduct an exploratory survey for a road from Oakville to Owen Sound. Charles Rankin, Deputy Land Surveyor, was allowed to choose the route and lay out a town site for Sydenham (now Owen Sound). Starting the survey in Owen Sound, Rankin ran a line to Garafraxa Township at Arthur Village before he was forced to stop work due to the Rebellion of 1837-38. Work resumed on the road after the rebellion was quelled with John MacDonald, P.L.S. being given the task of surveying the line that Rankin had run three years before. MacDonald was also given the task of laying out lots along the Owen Sound Road.
Within Arthur Township McDonald surveyed the Owen Sound Road (OSR) on a diagonal northwesterly across the township from Arthur Village to Mount Forest in 1841-42. The 200-acre lots were divided into four divisions and each alternate 50-acres became a free land grant. Settlers along the O.S.R. were given the option to buy the land when government settlement requirements were met. Arthur in the south, Kenilworth in the middle and Mount Forest in the north were settled first. The origins of the settlers tended to be Irish, Scottish and English. Construction on the O.S.R began in 1850 and it became the main transportation route through the township.
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Located in the area known as the Queen’s Bush, most of Arthur Township was heavily timbered land when settlers began to arrive about 1840. The Owen Sound Road (OSR) lots were given to settlers with the privilege of purchasing another the 50 acres of land behind their lot if they met the stipulated settlement duties. Before long all of the lots along the Owen Sound Road in Arthur had been acquired and the road quickly became the main land transportation road through the township. It was used by settlers arriving in the township and for hauling supplies to the north beyond Mount Forest. Numerous taverns sprung up along the length of the road to serve the traffic.
The first township post office, initially known as North Arthur, was opened at Kenilworth on the O.S.R. in 1848. Smith’s Canadian Gazetter (1846) described Arthur Township as follows,
A Township in the Wellington District; is bounded on the east by the township of Luther; on the north by Egremont; on the west by Minto, and on the south by Maryborough and Peel. This township was only lately been laid out, and no return has yet been made from it. There are as yet but few settlers.1
The first township schools were established in 1849 and the first Catholic Church in Arthur Township was built near Kenilworth in 1852. The township developed quickly from the 1850s onwards. Several communities developed along the O.S.R. in the mid 19th century including Arthur, Petherton, Kenilworth, Riverstown and Mount Forest.
In 1841, John McDonald also surveyed the village of Arthur on the Conestogo River in the southeastern corner of the twonship. D.B. Papineau resurveyed the village in 1846. Smith’s Canadian Gazetter (1846) described the community as,
A village in the Township of Arthur, at the commencement of the Government settlement on the Owen Sound road, twelve miles above Fergus, on the Conestoga, a branch of the Grand River. Contains 22 inhabitants.2
Saw and grist mills were established in the community and by 1851, a post office was opened and the first church and school were organized. Further development occurred in 1872 when a station of the Toronto, Grey and Bruce Railway was opened.
The first township council meeting for Arthur was held on January 21, 1850.3 The township joined Wellington County in 1857 and was for a few years was united administratively with neighbouring Luther Township for judicial and political reasons. In 1856, the County of Wellington loaned money to the Fergus & Owen Sound Road Company to improve the O.S.R. The road was gravelled in 1860-61 and toll gates built.
1 Wm. H. Smith, Smith’s Canadian Gazetteer (Toronto: H. & W. Rowsell, 1846) 6. 2 Ibid. 3 The Township of Wellington North, History of Wellington North. Access: --
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However, three years later in 1863, the County bought the Arthur to Mount Forest section of the road and ended the collection of tolls.
The Village of Mount Forest was originally known as Maitland Hills because it was believed that the Saugeen River was the Maitland River. The name was changed to Mount Forest in 1853 when Francis Kerr, PLS surveyed the village lots. The first public school was built in 1856 and a new high school in 1878. Mount Forest was incorporated in 1864 as a village. The community at Arthur became an incorporated village in December 1871. At that time it had ten hotels, eight churches and eighteen stores.4 In 1872, the Toronto, Grey and Bruce railway opened a station in the village.
The first settlers in Kenilworth arrived in 1840. It was the site of the first post office and school in the township. The Toronto and Grey Bruce Railway arrived in Kenilworth in 1872 with a station established just north of the village. Land for the Arthur Township Hall was acquired in Kenilworth in 1876. Kenilworth was a busy and prosperous hamlet in the early 1900s.
The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1877) shows the township as a well developed agricultural area with the town of Arthur to the south of Gordonville (Appendix B). The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1906) continues to illustrate the township as a well developed agricultural area and Gordonville is shown on the boundary road with West Luther Township to the north of the Town of Arthur (Appendix B).
In 1920, the O.S.R. through Arthur and Mount Forest became Provincial Highway 6, later King’s Highway 6. Topographic Maps from the 20th century depict the agricultural landscape of Arthur Township (Appendix B). Arthur and Mount Forest continued as important service centres for the surrounding agricultural area through the 20th century and into the 21st century. Topographic maps from the 20th century depict an agricultural landscape north along the border with West Luther Township.
The Township of Wellington North was established in January 1999 with the amalgamation for the Township of Arthur, Arthur Village, the Township of West Luther and the Town of Mount Forest.
2.3 West Luther Township
Lewis Burwell first surveyed Luther Township in 1831. In 1846, Smith’s Canadian Gazetter described the township development as follows,
A Township in the Wellington District; is bounded on the east by the township of Amaranth; on the north by Proton; on the west by Arthur; and on the south by Garafraxa. Luther has only lately been opened for sale; and no return has yet been
4 Ibid.
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made from it. Seventy-three thousand six hundred acres of Crown lands are open for sale in the township, at 8s. currency per acre." 5
Due to some inaccuracies in the first survey, Provincial Land Surveyor George McPhillips resurveyed it in 1854-55. The first settlers had arrived in Luther just prior to the resurveying in 1853. The township development was slow at first due to its heavy timber coverage and swampy land.
In 1857, Luther Township joined Wellington County and was united administratively with Arthur Township. Luther Township established its own council with elected officials. By 1861, its population was recorded as 689 people.6 Luther continued to be united with Arthur Township for judicial and political reasons until 1868.
In the early 1870s, fires erupted over the Township burning off the muck and destroying most of the timber and resulting in a drastically changed environment. As a result, settlement increased and more land was cleared. The Toronto, Grey & Bruce Railway arrived in 1871 and also contributed to its development. In 1871, the township had a recorded population of 1772 people.7
The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1877) shows the western part of Luther Township as an agricultural area (Appendix B). There were no incorporated villages in the township. A post office and a school had been established at Gordonville on the boundary line north of the village of Arthur. In 1881, after differences between the east and west parts of the township, the Province approved a bill dividing Luther Township into the two separate townships of West and East Luther. The first council meeting of West Luther was held in January 1881.
The Illustrated Historical Atlas (1906) continues to illustrate the township as a well developed agricultural area and Gordonville is shown on the boundary road with Arthur Township to the north of the Town of Arthur. Topographic maps from the 20th century depict the agricultural landscape north from Arthur along WR 14 (Appendix B). For the most part West Luther Township continued in agricultural use throughout the 20th century.
West Luther Township became part of the newly created Township of Wellington North in 1999.
5 Smith, 103. 6 Jean F. Hutchinson, The History of Wellington County (Grand Valley, Ontario: Landsborough Print, 1998) 461. 7 Ibid.
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2.3.1 Hamlet of Gordonville
Gordonville, originally known as Simpson’s Mills after Mr. Simpson’s sawmill, was named after a local landowner.8 It developed on the boundary road between West Luther and Arthur Townships in the latter part of the 19th century.
The first settler in the Gordonville area was Robert Sim. He arrived in 1853 and acquired land on the Arthur side on Lot 18, Concession 1. A post office opened in 18769 and shown on the West Luther Township map of the Illustrated Historical Atlas (1877) was situated on Lot 1, Concession 5. The first store was operating in the late 1870s on the south part of Lot 1, Concession 7 in West Luther in the late 1870s.10 A log schoolhouse was built in 1870 just north of Four Mile Creek on the Arthur side of the boundary road. It was replaced in 1881.11
The Gordonville Presbyterian Church was built in 1886 on Lot 18, Concession 1, Arthur Township. The current church building was erected in 1906 and named St. Andrew’s.12 The Gordonville Hotel was situated on the northwest corner of Lot 1, Concession 6, West Luther by the early 1890s. It was dismantled in 1921.13 Circa 1895, a new store was built on the corner lot and the existing store and post office were moved into the building.14 George Dodge operated the blacksmith on the Arthur Side of the road for many years.15
In its prime, Gordonville included a sawmill, store, post office, hotel, blacksmith shop, a school and a church at the corner of the 6th Line and WR 14.16 A new schoolhouse was built east of Gordonville in West Luther in 1905.17The Gordonville post office was closed in 1914.
2.4 Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005
The Arthur-Conn Road was designated County Road 17 in the early 20th century. It ran northeasterly along the boundary line between Arthur and Luther Township from the village of Arthur to the settlement at Conn on the northern boundary line with Grey County and was probably opened before 1870.18 A bridge would have been built to span
8 Ibid., 478. 9 LAC, Postal Heritage and Philately, Post Offices and Postmasters, Item 9718, Gordonville, Wellington N.R. (Ontario). Access: --
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the Four-Mile Creek at Lot 7, Concession when the road was opened. As a boundary road bridge, the Arthur-Conn Road came under the jurisdiction of the County of Wellington. Designated as County Road 17 in the early 20th century, it had a gravel surface until the County paved it in 1957.19 By the 1950s, the road had been renamed County Road 14; it is now WR 14.
In 1916, the province approved a funding initiative for road construction and maintenance under the Highway Improvement Act. Soon county councils began to organize county road systems in order to qualify for financial assistance. Generally, the province would contribute 40% of the cost of construction of a designated county road and 20% of the cost of maintenance. As part of its program, the Department of Public Highways required a county engineer or capable superintendent be placed in charge of the engineering work and that the county and townships adhere to provincial design standards for bridges. This was outlined in the Municipal Act, as amended in 1916,
“Every iron, steel, concrete or stone bridge constructed by the corporation of a county, and every such bridge exceeding twenty feet (20) clear span constructed by the corporation of a township shall be designed and built in accordance with general specifications approved by the Department of Public Highways”.20
To assist municipalities, in 1917, the Province provided standard plans and general specifications for concrete and steel highway bridges. All bridge plans were submitted to the province for approval before funding was provided.
A review of the Wellington County Council Minutes21 and a drawing dated 1919 by Bowman & Connor provided the following information with regard to the history of the Gordonville Bridge.
In 1918, the minutes of the Wellington County Council record James McQueen had notified it that the abutments of the Gordonville Bridge on County Road 17, the Arthur and West Luther Township boundary line, were in a dangerous condition. The information was referred to the County Roads Committee.22 On June 7, 1918, the County Roads Committee recommended the matter be left with its Chairmen.23 In December 1918, it was recorded that J. Kearns had been paid $25.40 for work on the Gordonsville
19 Ibid., 462. 20 Ontario. Highway Bridges, Appendix to the Annual Report of the Department of Public Highways (1917) 4. 21 WCMA, County of Wellington Council Minutes. Information provided by Kim Sommerville, Archives Assistant. 22 WCMA, Wellington County Council Minutes (June 6, 1918) 17 23 Ibid. (June 7, 1918) 56.
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Bridge as well as another bridge.24 At that time the Gordonville Bridge was described as having a span of 45-ft. (13.72 m).25
In 1919, the County started a major initiative to improve its transportation system that included repairing bridges and culverts and building new structures. In January 1919, the Report of the County Road Superintendent noted a number of bridges and culverts, including the Gordonville Bridge, would require repair or a replacement in 1919.26 In February, the Contract Record included an item stating the Wellington County Council intended to spend a very considerable amount of money on road repair, drainage and grading work and for some 15 new bridges.27 The Gordonsville Bridge was one of the bridges that would be replaced.
The Wellington County Council contracted Bowman & Connor, Engineers of Toronto to prepare a design plan for the new Gordonville Bridge in early 1919. A plan, dated May 1, 1919, was produced for a two span concrete T-Beam structure (Appendix B). Entitled the ”Gordonville Bridge – Cantilever’, the design drawing noted the bridge as a concrete, in slab beams structure with reinforcing steel that was designed in accordance with the Specifications of Ontario Department of Public Highways 1917, Class A.
The County Road Superintendent Report in early June 1919 noted the new Gordonville Bridge, comprising two, 45-ft. (13.72 m) spans and located on County Road 17, was to be built within the calendar year.28 Bridge construction proceeded in 1919, and in December of that year, it was reported the Gordonville Bridge had been completed although the approaches were not finished and the guardrails had to be erected.29 When completed, the new Gordonville Bridge was described as having two, 35-ft. (10.67 m) reinforced concrete beam spans, shorter than reported earlier. The total cost of the new bridge was noted as $3,754.82.30
In December 1919, the minutes of the County Council note James McQueen and W.G. McLellan received payments related to the bridge construction.31 In January 1920, the minutes included a “Schedule of Bridges for the County of Wellington” constructed in 1919 that included the Gordonville Bridge. The bridge was noted as having 2 spans, 35- ft. (10.67 m) each, and described as a reinforced concrete, continuous girders with arch profile. At this time, the total cost provided was $2,945.42.32 The breakdown of the cost included:
24 Ibid. (December 21, 1918) 50. 25 Ibid. (January 30, 1919) 39-40. 26 Ibid. (January 30, 1919) 39-40. 27 Contract Record, Volume 33 (February 12, 1919) 148. 28 WCMA, Wellington County Council Minutes (June 3, 1919) 39. 29 Ibid. (December 2, 1919) 29. 30 Ibid. (December 3, 1919) 34. 31 Ibid. (December 5, 1919) 43. 32 Ibid. (January 31, 1920) 92.
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Figure 2. This section of the 1919 Bowman and Connor drawing of the Gordonville Bridge shows part of the original handrail detailing [WCMA, MAP 371, as adapted].
Figure 3. This view shows the west elevation of the Gordonville Bridge c1980 and the concrete handrail system that was installed in 1955 [WCMA, WC448, A2013.155, File 14. 1980].
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Engineer’s fees $300.00 Concrete $2922.97 Reinforcing $459.05 Overseeing $69.00 Work on approaches $379.40 Temporary Road $15.0033
As well county minutes note a payment to C. Mattaini [Charles Mattaini], a Fergus concrete and bridge contractor, for work on the Gordonsville Bridge. The Steel Co. of Canada provided the bridge reinforcing as well as other work on the bridge.34
The Gordonville Bridge did not undergo any changes for 35 years. In 1955, the bridge was widened on the east side to accommodate traffic needs and a new concrete handrail system was installed on both sides of the structure. Drawings prepared by Gamsby and Mannerow Limited, Consulting Professional Engineers and dated July 1975 for County of Wellington, Project B-78, indicate the pier footing was extended.35
In 1994, McCormick Rankin, Consulting Engineers, undertook repairs to the subject bridge for the County of Wellington under Contract No. 94-05.36 R.S. Stofko, P.Eng., and M.A. Waters, P.Eng., stamped the McCormick Rankin drawings, dated March 1994. The Wellington County Engineer noted on the contract drawings was G. Ough, P.Eng.
2.5 Structure Type: Concrete T-Beam
The Gordonville Bridge is classified as a concrete T-Beam structure. Beam and girder structures are the most common type of bridge construction and typically used for spans greater than 10 m. Beams and girders can be formed of concrete (reinforced, prestressed, etc.) or steel (rivetted or welded). They can be categorized by shape including T-beams, I-beams or box-style. The concrete beams of T-beam structures are cast uniformly with the deck. When viewed in cross section the upper horizontal slab or deck section comprises the top of the “T” and the lower vertical section is the stem of the ”T“. From the side view, the stem appears as a longitudinal beam supporting the deck. To address tension, steel rods are set in the stem and steel rods placed in the deck transversely to those in the stem. A U-shaped hanger ties together the reinforcing rods in the stem and deck and makes the slab and the lower section, or stem, seem to be unified structural components of the T-beam. T-beam bridges may use constant or variable depth beams and be simple or continuous.
Thaddeus Hyatt, an American by birth who conducted a wide range of experiments in reinforced concrete in London may have considered the concept of the T-beam in the
33 Ibid. (January 27, 1920) 06 34 Ibid., 223-225. 35 WCMA, No. 0554: Gordonville Bridge pier footing extension, Plan (July 1975). 36 WCMA, No. 0550, Contract for repairs to Structure No. 14005 Gordonville Bridge (1994).
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1850s, but the first practical beam of this type did not make its appearance until the early 1900s. In North America, the use of concrete material in bridge construction dates from about 1900. Canadian engineers did not embrace concrete as a material for bridge superstructures until around 1907.37 Although Ontario bridge engineers recognized a concrete bridge could be an affordable alternative to steel construction, the high cost of transporting cement and aggregate over long distances resulted in few concrete bridges being constructed in remote locations. The first applications of concrete bridges on Ontario roads occurred at a municipal level.
Provincially, the Department of Pubic Works (DPW) and the Department of Northern Development (DND) began building concrete bridges before the Department of Public Highways (DPHO). In 1910, the DPW had constructed a reinforced concrete girder structure on a northern Ontario road.38 The DND had also started building concrete bridges on its Northern Ontario work.
The DPHO described concrete beam bridges as taking their name from the type of construction and consisting of four to six or more reinforced concrete beams carrying a reinforced concrete floor that may be built for spans from 20-ft. to 40-ft. (6.10 to 12.19 m).39 However, it was not until the early 1920s that the DHPO began to construct concrete bridges on provincial highways. As of the end of 1923, only two concrete bridges were reported to have been built on Ontario’s provincial highways.40 In the following year, the Province built ten concrete bridges of moderate size.
In the United States, reinforced concrete beam construction was in widespread use by the 1920s, notably for standardized bridge design across the United States, both by the federal Bureau of Public Roads and several state highway departments including, but not limited to, Ohio, Michigan, Illinois and Massachusetts. By the 1930s, T-beam bridges were widely built in Maryland and Virginia. The T-beam structure was used widely in the United States to the 1960s. The use of T-beams in Ontario was much more limited, particularly for provincially built bridges in the 1930s and after. This may be due to the introduction of the concrete rigid frame design by the Department of Public Highways in the 1930s that became the dominant form for highway bridges into the 1950s.
37 C.R. Young, “Bridge Building”, The Engineering Journal (June 1937) 490. 38 Ontario, Report of the Minister of Public Works for the Province of Ontario for the Twelve Months Ending 31st October 1910 (Toronto: Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1911) 18, 37 and 40. 39 Ontario, Department of Public Highways, Highway Bridges 1917 (Toronto: 1917) 11. 40 Young, 490.
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2.6 Bridge Designer/Builder
Bowman & Connor, Consulting Engineers, Toronto, prepared the design drawing for the Gordonville Bridge in May 1919. By 1919, when the Gordonville Bridge was built, H.J. Bowman had died and A.W. Connor was the principal of the firm. Projects known to have been completed by Bowman & Connor and by A.W. Conner are included in Appendix D.
Charles Mattaini of Fergus, Ontario, has been identified as the bridge builder for the Gordonville Bridge. Mattaini was a prolific builder of concrete bridges in Southern and Central Ontario, particularly Wellington County, and he is particularly known for his concrete bowstring arch bridges. A list of some known Mattaini projects is included in Appendix D.
Bowman & Connor
H.J. Bowman and A.W. Connor appear to have formed the engineering firm of Bowman & Connor, with offices in Toronto and Berlin [Kitchener] in 1909. The firm became a prolific and well-known bridge engineering company in the early 20th century and built many bridges in the early 20th century in southern Ontario including, but not limited to, examples in the townships of the counties of Dufferin, Grey, Halton, Peel, Ontario, Waterloo and Wellington County. In addition to their engineering projects Bowman and Connor were active in the professional activities. As an undergraduate, Bowman was connected with the formation of the Engineering Society of the University of Toronto and later, lobbied for the establishment of a provincial organization for municipal engineers. For his part, Connor actively promoted reinforced concrete bridge construction in papers presented at conferences and appearing in engineering journals.
Herbert J. Bowman was born on June 18, 1865, the son of Israel D. Bowman and Louisa Tyson who lived in Berlin.41 He attended the University of Toronto’s School of Practical Science in the Department of Engineering from 1881-85, graduating in 1885.42 An invoice for surveying services dated at the Court House, Berlin, Ont., June 1, 1888, was issued by Herbert J. Bowman A.M. Can. Soc. C.E., Dominion and Provincial Land Surveyor, Civil Engineer and Draughtsman, Graduate of the Ontario School of Practical Science.43 Bowman entered into a partnership with A.W. Connor circa 1909 and established Bowman & Connor, Consulting Engineers of Toronto.
41 From Pennsylvania to Waterloo: A biographical History of Waterloo Township by Ezra Eby, 1895. Herbert J. Bowman. Access: --
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Bowman married Edith H. M. Walker, and c1895 they resided on Ahrens Street, Berlin.44 The Census Return (1911) notes Herbert J. Bowman as an Engineer, Civil.45 In 1896, Henry J. Bowman, noted as a C.E., succeeded his father Israel D. Bowman as the Clerk/Treasurer of Waterloo County. He served in this position until his death in 1916.46 An obituary for Col. H.J. Bowman notes
Col. H. J. Bowman, county clerk of Waterloo, Ont., and senior member of the well known consulting firm of Bowman & Connor, died recently in the hospital in Berlin. Col. Bowman took a very active interest in engineering and military affairs. He was a graduate in 1885, of the Toronto S.P.S., at which time there were only five members in the graduating class. He was formerly town engineer of Berlin, and since 1898 has been a member of the local Water Commission, in addition to vigorously following his profession in the construction of roads, bridges, waterworks plants, etc.47
Arthur William Connor, B.A., C.E., was born on Oct. 14, 1870, in Renfrew County to James William Connor, a schoolteacher, and his wife Dora Howenden. The Connor family moved from Renfrew County to Berlin in Waterloo North Township, Waterloo County, soon after Arthur’s birth. The Census Return (1891) notes A.W. Connor as a 20- year old student; He graduated the Berlin High School c1890.48 Connor went on to study at the School of Practical Science, Engineering Department, University of Toronto. Connor carried on a consulting engineering practice under his own name after 1920 and maintained an office until about 1939. He continues to be listed in the city directory until 1950; at that time he was living with Mary Connor and Dora Connor.
Connor married Florence Grace Harris in Toronto on June 25, 1907. His marriage certificate notes he was a Civil Engineer by profession. By 1911, the Connors lived in at 106 Highland Avenue, York South, had two children, son Desmond and daughter Frances.49 Arthur Connor’s profession was noted as “engineer”. City of Toronto Directories began to list Arthur Connor in 1906 as a partner in the consulting engineering firm of Connor & Monds, with offices at 36 Toronto Street. The following year the firm is listed as Connor, Clarke & Monds. Connor was working alone in 1908. The firm Bowman & Connor is included in the City of Toronto Directory for the first time in 1909 and continued to be listed until 1920.50
44 From Pennsylvania to Waterloo: A biographical History of Waterloo Township. 45 Canada, Census Returns 1911, Waterloo North, Berlin, District 38, 7. No record of Herbert J. Bowman and Edith Bowman was found for 1901. 46 Uttley, William Velores, A history of Kitchener, Ontario. (Global Heritage Press, ON: c2008) 83; and, Herbert J. Bowman, County Clerk and J.S. Hallman, Warden. By-Laws of the County of Waterloo from the Date it its Incorporation in 1865 to the Year 1900 (County of Wellington, 1900) 78. 47 “Obituary’, Contract Record and Engineering Review (June 28, 1916) 650. 48 Waterloo Historical Society Annual Report (1927); Canada, Census Returns 1891, Waterloo North, Berlin, No. 1. 49 Census Returns, Canada, Ontario, 1911. York South, Subdistrict 19, 11, #4. 50 Toronto Reference Library. Various city directories.
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Charles Mattaini
Charles [Carlo] Borromeo Mattaini was born in Vergiate, Lombardy, Italy, in February 1874. He immigrated to Canada in 1896, living with his sister Assumpta Mattaini and her husband Romeo Landoni in West Garafraxa Township, Wellington County. Family history recounts after Charles Mattaini arrived in Canada, he was employed in the brickyard of Luigi Landoni located on the 6th Line, West Garafraxa Township. Mattaini then worked for Louis Martinoni of Everton, building a barn foundation for William Jackson at the 7th Line and Highway 24, Eramosa Township. From 1898 to 1903, Mattaini established and operated a construction business. An advertisement in the in the Fergus newspaper (1903) noted his company built all type of buildings and construction projects, in particular, barn foundations, cisterns, water troughs, culverts, bridges sidewalks, etc. During this period he bought the old Melville Church building on Shiloh Street, Fergus, and used it as a barn/stable for his horses and equipment.51 Between 1900 and 1929 Charles Mattaini was responsible for the construction of many bridges in Wellington County, as well as other counties, and employed as many as fifty men in his construction company.52
Charles Mattaini married Marie Landoni, daughter of Faus [Faustino] and Carolina Landoni of East Garafraxa Township, in 1903 and they settled in Fergus, Ontario. The Census Return (1911) records their sons Charles, France and Neil were born in June 1906, 1908 and 1910, respectively. In total they had seven children. Charles Mattaini died in 1947 and Maria Mattaini in 1970, and both are buried in Fergus, Ontario.
Mattaini’s business ledgers record numerous construction projects from 1908 to 1928, many of which were in Wellington County. Family history states Mattaini was involved in the construction of over 60 concrete bowstring arch bridges throughout Ontario.53 He also worked in Saskatchewan in 1910, and, in 1921, visited his homeland of Italy. Clients included such municipalities as Clifford, Fergus, Orangeville, Palmerston, the townships of Arthur, Erin, Eramosa, Minto, Nichol, West Garafraxa, and the counties of Wellington and Peel. Mattaini also worked for the Beatty Bros. of Fergus on several occasions and built the Long Point Lighthouse in Port Dover (1915-16).54 According to his family, Charles Mattaini had his bridge crew camp at the construction sites, with some taking their meals at local farmhouses, and others at the camp.55 Mattaini was also noted for adding his initials and allowing the workers to initialize the concrete on the structure, usually on the handrail or the bowstring arch.
51 WCMA, A1990.17 file 36, item 1. Ms. Edith A. Mattaini, ”Builders of Wellington County’ (April 26, 1979). 52 LAC. Mattaini-Landoni family fonds 1871-1979. Mattaini Biography/Administrative History. 53 Pat Mestern, Bridges of Fergus’ past include bowstring beauties, swinging and Pig Bridge” News Express (November 3, 1999) 18-19. 54 WCMA, A1990.17 file 36, item 1. 55 Pat Mestern, “Gleanings from old account books’, Fergus-Elora News Express (August 10, 2005) 19.
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3.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE LANDSCAPE DESCRIPTION
3.1 Area Context
Wellington County is largely rural in character outside of the urban centre of the City of Guelph, and consists of several main towns such as Arthur, numerous small village and settlement nodes set in rural agricultural land. A network of county and local township roads provides Road access in the area. The Township of Wellington North is located in the northern part of the county and includes the geographic townships of West Luther and Arthur.
The study area lies in the physiographic region known as the Dundalk Plain, a gently undulating till plain with low drumlins shaped by glacial action. Its high elevation is the source of headwaters of the Grand River. Rolling topography characterizes the topography of Arthur Township while poorly drained swamps and depressions characterize West Luther. The surface deposits consist of probable windblown silt that generally varies in depth. Originally swamp forest occupied most of the area with better drained areas supporting hardwood forests. Generally on the lower slopes and in the hollows of the plain, except where there is peat and muck, the soils are silt or silt/loam.56
The Grand River flows 290 km from the Dundalk Highlands to Lake Erie and was designated as a Canadian Heritage River in 1994. The Conestogo River and its tributaries are within the Grand River watershed. It rises on the plain north of the town of Arthur and small tributaries such like Four Mile Creek in the vicinity of Gordonville follow shallow spillways.
The area was settled primarily for agricultural purposes in the mid 19th century. In the second half of the 19th century an established pattern of agricultural fields, hedgerows, tree lines, woodlots and rural roads was established in Arthur and West Luther Townships. Arthur and smaller centres such as Kenilworth in Arthur Township and hamlets such as Gordonville and Damascus in West Luther were established as well as local churches and schoolhouses that supported the neighbouring rural population. A local and county road system developed in the 19th century. WR 14, formerly County Road 17, runs between Arthur in the south to Highway 89 on the north. Highway 89 is located on the boundary with the County of Wellington and Dufferin County.
Twentieth century topographic maps continue to show the area in proximity to Gordonville as agricultural land with little change in the rural landscape (Appendix B). Arthur has remained a local centre that supports the neighbouring rural population. West West Luther and Arthur Townships became part of the Township of Wellington North in the County of Wellington in 1999.
56 L.J. Chapman and D.F. Putnam. The Physiography of Southern Ontario, Third Edition (Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1984) 130-132.
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3.2 Site Description
For the purposes of this study, the Gordonville Bridge is considered to run in a north to south direction. It forms part of WR 14 and is located about 8.5 km north of Highway 6 at Arthur and 0.6 km north of the 6th Line at Gordonville (Figure 4). In the vicinity of the bridge, WR 14 is a two-lane paved roadway with a speed limit of 80 km/hr. All four corners of the bridge have hazard signs. A load limit sign is located on the northwest approach as well as a sign indicating the rural hamlet of Gordonville. The Four Mile Creek, a tributary of the Conestogo River, is not signed. It flows in an east to west direction at the subject bridge.
Figure 4. An annotated aerial photograph depicts the cultural heritage landscape in proximity to the Gordonville Bridge [Google 2017].
The area in the vicinity of the subject bridge is, for the most part, agricultural in character. The local topography is gently rolling with a long vista southward on WR 14 to the rural hamlet of Gordonville set on a hill to the south of the bridge at the intersection with the 6th Line (Figure 5). The bridge forms an entrance/exit function to the hamlet, particularly an entrance role when travelling south on WR 14 due to the “Gordonville” sign at the north end of the bridge. The hamlet includes the Gordonville St. Andrew’s
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Presbyterian Church at 8952 WR 14 and a 19th century residence at 8949 WR 14. Closer to the bridge on the southwest corner is a modern farm complex, named Pair-A-Dyce Farms. A later 20th century residence is situated on the northwest corner. The northeast and southeast corners of the bridge comprise agricultural fields.
Figure 5. This view looks south on WR 14 towards the Gordonville Bridge. Note the sign for the hamlet of Gordonville. The Gordonville St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church at 8952 WR 14 and the 19th century residence at 8949 WR 14 are clearly visible on a slight rise of land in the background.
4.0 BUILT HERITAGE RESOURCE DESCRIPTION
The following description of the Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 (MTO No. 35-83), is based on the original design drawing (1919), inspection reports (1994, 2005 and 2014) and a site visit undertaken on April 3, 2017. For the purposes of this report, the Gordonville Bridge runs in a north to south direction.
The Bowman & Connor drawing (1919) of the Gordonville Bridge and a rehabilitation drawing (1994) prepared by McCormick Rankin Corporation are included in Appendix B. A bridge survey form with current photographs is located in Appendix C.
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Imperial measurements are used in the description of the bridge to maintain consistency with the original design drawings. Metric equivalents are provided in brackets.
4.1 Gordonville Bridge, County No. B14005
Figure 6. This view shows the west elevation of the Gordonville Bridge and the original design intent of two arched spans.
Built in 1919, the two span Gordonsville Bridge is classified as a concrete T beam (Figure 6). The Bowman & Connor drawing (1919) indicates the structure was built in accordance with the Specifications of Ontario Department of Public Highways 1917, Class A (Appendix B). There is no skew on the bridge. Reinforced, cast-in-place concrete was used for the major components of the substructure including the abutments, wingwalls and central pier. When built the length of the centre pier measured about 23-ft. 5-½-in. (7.15 m) and it had a cutwater on the east side.
The superstructure consists of six (6) rectangular cast-in-place, reinforced concrete “T- shaped” beams supporting a cast-in-place concrete deck used for the roadway surface (Figure 7). Four (4) concrete T beams of the original 1919 structure remain on the west side of the structure (Figure 8). The two arch spans on the west elevation are graceful in design and suit the rural environment of the bridge. Each span measures 35-ft. (10.07 m).
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Figure 7. This cross- section shows the existing Gordonville Bridge in 1994 before rehabilitation work [WCMA, No. 0550, Contract for repairs to Structure No. 14005 Gordonville Bridge, 1994, as adapted].
Figure 8. This cross- section shows the Gordonville Bridge in 1919 [WCMA, MAP 371, Arthur, West Luther Twps. Townline, plan for Gordonville cantilever bridge, Concession 7, Arthur-West Luther Townline, 1919, as adapted].
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The carriageway consists of two lanes of traffic, one northbound and one southbound. When built, the total deck length was 71-ft. (21.64 m), the carriageway width was 17-ft. 4-in. (5.28 m) with 16-in. (0.41 m) curbs on each side and the total deck width including handrails was 20-ft. (6.10 m). The deck of the structure was widened in 1955 with two (2) additional beams placed on the east side creating a total carriageway width of about 18-ft. 10-in. (9.49 m).
A new concrete handrail system with end and intermediate posts and two railings was installed (Figure 8). The total structure width after this rehabilitation work was 31-ft. 6- in, (9.6 m).
In 1994, the current wood post and flex steel guardrails were installed on both sides of the structure. OSIM reports indicate the current two lane carriageway, one northbound and one southbound, measures 29-ft. 10-in. (9.1 m) in width. The current total structure width is 31-ft. 6-in. (9.6 m).
4.1.1 Modifications
In 1955, the Gordonville Bridge was widened on the east side and the 1919 handrail system was removed. The pier footing was extended in 1975. In 1994, McCormick Rankin, Consulting Engineers, undertook repairs to the subject bridge under Contract No. 94-05 (Appendix B). The scope of the work comprised the following:
o removing existing railing curbs and tops of wingwalls; o constructing new curbs, reconstructing tops of wingwalls and installing new three beam guiderail on bridge and wingwalls; o removing deteriorated concrete and repair beams, deck underside and abutments with concrete; o constructing concrete encasement under northeast and southeast bearings; o sealing existing deck drains (4) and installing new deck drains (total 8); and o installing new steel beam guardrail at approaches.
The original design intent of the bridge has been significantly compromised with the removal of the original handrail system and the widening of the road on the east side. The arch shape of the original spans are only visible on the west elevation.
4.2 Comparative Analysis
Municipal
Consultation with the Township of Wellington North indicates it is has ten (10) concrete T-beams structures under its jurisdiction ranging in age from 1940 to 1956.57 Therefore
57 Email correspondence from Dale Clark, Township of Wellington North, April 28, 2017.
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the Gordonville Bridge, built in 1919, and located in the Township of Wellington North is the earliest example of a concrete T-beam structure in the township.
County of Wellington
WSP | MMM Group Limited provided comparative information to Unterman McPhail Associates on concrete T-beam structures for the County of Wellington (Appendix D).58 The five oldest T-Beam bridge structures are:
o Gordonville Bridge (1919), Bridge No. 014005, WR 14; o Sanderson Bridge (1921), Bridge No. 01233, WR 12; o Bramwell Bridge (1930), Bridge No. 005015, WR 5; o Arnott Beam Bridge (1945), Bridge No. 016003, WR 16; and o Ostrander Bridge (1950), Bridge No. 000032,Peel-West Garafraxa Townline.
The comparative list indicates the Gordonville Bridge is the oldest example of a T-beam bridge within the County of Wellington inventory. Within the five (5) oldest examples, it is the only example of a two span T-Beam and the longest in length of its type.
Grand River Watershed
The Grand River Watershed publication Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory (March 2013) indicates its watershed includes ten (10) T-beam structures within the County of Wellington including one (1) structure in the Township of Wellington North. The publication states the Gordonville Bridge is:
…one of the very few T-beam structures remaining in the Township of Wellington North. Its arched double-span also makes the structure unique, as few two-span T- beam bridges have been observed in the Grand River Watershed.59
The Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory indicates the six (6) oldest T-beam structures within the County of Wellington as of 2013 are:
o Gordonville Bridge, Bridge No. B14005, two span, built 191960, WR 14, Township of North Wellington; o Bridge No. 3 (Bridge 3), one span, built 1920, 1st Line, Town of Erin;
58 WSP Canada Group Limited. Comparable Information on T-Beam Bridges in Wellington County, May 2017. 59 Heritage Resource Centre. Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Heritage Bridge Inventory (March 2013) 309. 60 The report Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory indicates a construction date of 1930; however, the Gordonville Bridge was built in 1919.
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o Bridge No. CW 23 (6-E), Third Line, one span, built c1921, Township of Centre Wellington; o Bridge No. CW 15 (28-P), one span, built 1926, Sideroad 11, Township of Centre Wellington; o Bridge No. CW 14 (26-P), one span, built c1940, First Line West, Township of Centre Wellington (c1940); and o Bridge No. ML 14 (PB016), one span, built c1940, Sideroad 19, Township of Mapleton
As of 2013, all of the above bridges, except for the Gordonville Bridge, still had their original handrail systems.
Provincial
The four (4) examples of concrete T-Beam bridges included on the Ontario Heritage Bridge List (June 2017) were built in 1927, 1941, 1955 and 1956. The oldest example of this bridge type is the three span Englehart River Bridge (East), MTO Site No 47-30, on Highway 573, which was built in 1927.
Federal
The Canadian Register of Historic Places (CRHP) is a federal, provincial and territorial (F/P/T) effort and provides a single source of information about all historic places recognized for their heritage value at the local, provincial, territorial and national levels throughout Canada. The Register does not contain any Ontario examples of concrete T- beam bridges as heritage resources.
4.2.1 Conclusion
Beam and girder structures are the most common type of bridge construction, typically they are used for spans greater than 10 m. Beams and girders can be formed of concrete (reinforced, prestressed, etc.) or steel (rivetted or welded). They can be categorized by shape including T-beams, I-beams or box-style. The first practical application of a beam of this type appeared in the early 1900s. By the 1920s, reinforced concrete beam construction was in widespread use, notably for standardized bridge design across the United States both by the Federal Bureau of Public Roads and several state highway departments. However, despite the widespread use of T-beam structures in the United States from the 1920s to the 1960s, T-beams structures had a more limited period of use on Ontario roads from the early 1900s to 1930, due to the introduction of the concrete rigid frame bridge to Ontario in the 1930s, which became the dominant form used for provincial highway bridges into the 1950s.
Completed and open to traffic in 1919, the two span Gordonville Bridge located on WR 14 is the oldest and longest surviving example of a T-Beam structure, and the only
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example of a two span structure within the five oldest examples of its type in the County of Wellington Bridge inventory. Within the Grand River system, the Gordonville Bridge is considered to be unusual as a two span concrete T-beam bridge.
The subject bridge is not recognized as being of provincial or federal heritage value.
5.0 CULTURAL HERITAGE RESOURCE EVALUATION
5.1 Introduction
The criteria for determining cultural heritage value or interest were set out under Ontario Regulation 9/06 made under the OHA, as amended in 2005. These criteria were developed to assist municipalities in the evaluation of properties considered for designation. The regulation states:
“A property may be designated under section 29 of the Act if it meets one or more of the following criteria for determining whether it is of cultural heritage value or interest: 1. The property has design value or physical value because it, i. is a rare, unique, representative or early example of a style, type, expression, material or construction method, ii. displays a high degree of craftsmanship or artistic merit, or iii. demonstrates a high degree of technical or scientific achievement. 2. The property has historical value or associative value because it, i. has direct associations with a theme, event, belief, person, activity, organization or institution that is significant to a community, ii. yields, or has the potential to yield , information that contributes to an understanding of a community or culture, or iii. demonstrates or reflects the work or ideas of an architect, artist, builder, designer or theorist who is significant to a community. 3. The property has contextual value because it, i. is important in defining, maintaining, or supporting the character of an area, ii. is physically, functionally, visually or historically linked to its surroundings, or iii. is a landmark.”
The Gordonville Bridge is not included on a municipal heritage register as a registered property or as a municipally designated property under Part IV or Part V of the OHA and is not protected by a municipal heritage easement.
The Grand River Conservation Authority is responsible for the management of The Grand River, a Canadian Heritage River. The Grand River system includes the Conestogo River and its tributaries and bridges, i.e., Four Mile Creek and the Gordonville Bridge.
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The subject bridge is identified as a heritage resource in the publication Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Heritage Bridge Inventory (March 2013). The subject bridge is not recognized provincially through an Ontario Heritage Trust easement or commemorative plaque and is not included on the MTCS Ontario Heritage Bridge List (June 2017).
5.2 Evaluation
The “Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value or Interest” set out in Ontario Regulation 9/06 under the OHA was applied to the Gordonville Bridge to determine its cultural heritage value or interest. The results are contained in Table 1.
TABLE 1. EVALUATION UNDER “CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUE OR INTEREST”, ONTARIO REGULATION 9/06 Criterion Response Analysis Design or Physical Value i. Rare, unique, Yes Built in 1919, the Gordonville Bridge is the oldest and longest surviving representative or early example of a T-Beam structure, and the only two span structure within example of a style, type, the five oldest examples of its type, in the County of Wellington Bridge expression, material or inventory. Within the Grand River system it is considered to be unusual construction method. as a two span concrete T-beam bridge. The bridge has undergone significant modifications to its original design intent with widening on the east side and the removal of its original handrail system and a 1955 replacement handrail system. However, it still displays the basic character defining elements of a concrete T-Beam structure, namely, a reinforced cast-in-place, concrete slab integrated with the longitudinal beams and cast-in-place concrete abutments. ii. Displays a high degree No This modest bridge is not considered to display a high degree of artistic of craftsmanship or merit. artistic merit. iii. Demonstrates a high No No aspects of technical merit were identified for the Gordonville Bridge. degree of technical or Therefore, it is concluded the subject bridge is of little value from a scientific achievement. technical or scientific perspective. Historical or Associative Value i. Has direct associations No Theme with a theme, event, The Arthur-Conn Road, now WR 14, runs along the Arthur and West belief, person, activity, Luther Township boundary. Bridges have probably spanned this Four organization or institution Mile Creek location since the 1870s. Built in 1919, the bridge replaced that is significant to a an earlier structure as part of an early 20th century plan by the county community. and provincial to develop and improve county road systems. The bridge does not have a direct association with a significant community theme, event, belief, activity, or institution; it is associated with the engineering firm of Bowman & Connor and bridge builder Charles Mattaini (See iii).
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TABLE 1. EVALUATION UNDER “CRITERIA FOR DETERMINING CULTURAL HERITAGE VALUE OR INTEREST”, ONTARIO REGULATION 9/06 Criterion Response Analysis ii. Yields, or has the No No aspects of the subject bridge have been identified that would potential to yield, contribute to the understanding of a community or culture. information that contributes to an understanding of a community or culture. iii. Demonstrates or Yes A. W. Connor. B.A., C.E.,. of Bowman & Connor, Engineering reflects the work or ideas Consulting Ltd., undertook the design of the Gordonville Bridge for the of an architect, artist, County of Wellington in 1919. Bowman & Connor was a prolific and builder, designer or well-known bridge engineering company in the early 20th century in theorist who is significant parts of southern Ontario and was responsible for designing and to a community. building of numerous bridges. In addition to his engineering projects, Connor was involved in professional activities and actively promoted reinforced concrete bridge construction in papers presented at conferences and in engineering journals. The company contribution and Connor’s contribution to the construction industry is considered to be significant to Ontario.
Charles Mattaini of Fergus was a prolific and well-known concrete construction company in the early 20th century. He is particularly known for his early 20th century concrete bowstring arch structures between 1903 and 1929. The significance of Mattaini’s contribution to the construction of concrete bridge industry in the early 19th century has been recognized by in the document, Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Heritage Bridge Inventory (March 2013). Contextual Value i. Is important in defining, Yes This low-profile, concrete T-Beam structure is considered to support the maintaining, or supporting rural agricultural character of the surrounding area along WR 14. the character of an area. ii. Is physically, Yes The 98-year-old Gordonville Bridge is physically, functionally, visually, functionally, visually or and historically linked to its surroundings. Bridges have been built at historically linked to its the this location from the mid 19th century onwards. WR 14 forms part surroundings. of the early road link between Arthur and Conn that ran along the boundary road between the townships of Arthur and West Luther. The name of the bridge is taken from the adjacent historical 19th century hamlet of Gordonville. iii. Is a landmark. No The low guardrail reduces the bridge’s presence on WR 14 and in the surrounding landscape. Therefore, the subject bridge is not considered to be a physical landmark. However, it should be noted local residents may attribute some entrance/exit status to the location of the Gordonville Bridge over Four Mile Creek to the north of The Gordonville hamlet and signage at the bridge naming the historical hamlet.
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5.3 Summary of Cultural Heritage Value
It is determined through the application of the Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value under Ontario Regulation 9/06 that the Gordonville Bridge has design/physical value, historical and associative value and contextual value.
5.3.1 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value
The Gordonville Bridge is located on Four Mile Creek, a tributary of the Conestogo River, which is a tributary of the Grand River. The Grand River and its tributaries has been a Canadian Heritage River since 1994.
The Gordonville Bridge is the oldest example of a concrete T-beam structure in the Township of Wellington North. The Grand River Watershed publication Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Watershed Heritage Bridge Inventory notes that few two-span T- beam bridges have been found in the Grand River Watershed making the Gordonville Bridge with it’s arched double span unique. The bridge has been significantly modified with a 1955 widening and the removal of the original handrails system; however, it does retains its reinforced, cast-in-place concrete abutments, wingwalls, piers, four concrete T- beams design and the two arch spans on the west elevation.
A. W. Connor undertook the design of the bridge for the County of Wellington in 1919. Bowman & Connor, was a prolific and well-known bridge engineering company in the early 20th century and was responsible for designing and building numerous bridges in southern Ontario. In addition to his engineering projects, Connor was involved in professional activities and actively promoted reinforced concrete bridge construction in papers presented at conferences and in engineering journals. The company contribution and Connor’s contribution to the construction industry is considered to be significant to Ontario. The Gordonville Bridge is a representative example of the work of this well- known engineering firm and illustrated of the work undertaken by the firm in the early 1900s for township and county key infrastructure improvements projects, particularly Wellington County and Waterloo County. Charles Mattaini of Fergus was a prolific and well-known concrete construction company in the early 20th century. He is particularly recognized for his early 20th century concrete bowstring arch structures. The significance of Mattaini’s contribution to the construction of concrete bridges industry in the early 19th century has been recognized within the Grand River watershed, and in the County of Wellington.
The 98-year-old Gordonville Bridge is physically, functionally, visually, and historically linked to its surroundings. Bridges have been built at this location from the mid 19th century onwards. WR 14 forms part of the early road link between Arthur and Conn that ran along the boundary road between the townships of Arthur and West Luther. The name of the bridge is taken from the adjacent historical 19th century hamlet of Gordonville.
Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Page 28 (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario
5.3.2 Description of Heritage Attributes
Heritage attributes, i.e., character defining elements, of the Gordonville Bridge include, but are not limited to the following details.
o Its original reinforced, cast-in-place concrete abutments, wingwalls and piers. o Its cast-in-place concrete T-beam design with reinforced cast-in-place, concrete slab integrated with the longitudinal beams; o Its two arch spans on the west elevation.
6.0 CONCLUSION
This CHER has determined through the application of the “Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value or Interest” under Ontario Regulation 9/06 that the Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005, located in the Township of Wellington North meets one or more of the evaluation criteria and therefore, is of cultural heritage value or interest (see Section 5.3.1 Statement of Cultural Heritage Value and 5.3.2 Heritage Attributes) and is therefore worthy of consideration by the municipality for registering on a municipal heritage register or municipally designating under Part IV of the OHA.
The County of Wellington has commenced a Municipal Class EA to address existing structural deficiencies of the subject bridge. As a result, it is concluded that the project has the potential to impact an identified heritage feature, namely the Gordonville Bridge.
Therefore, as set out in the MCEA Checklist, Part C – Heritage Assessment, based on its evaluated cultural heritage value or interest, a Heritage Impact Assessment (HIA) is required to be undertaken. The intent of the HIA is to assess the impacts of the proposed bridge replacement project and to develop mitigation strategies to preserve the identified heritage attributes. A qualified heritage consultant who is in good standing with Canadian Association of Heritage Professionals (CAHP) will undertake the work. The Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport’s InfoSheet #5: Heritage Impact Assessments and Conservation Plans (2006) should be consulted as part of the HIA process.
Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1, Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario
SOURCES
Barber, Frank, The Contract Record, March 26, 1919, 276.
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Byerley, A.E. The Beginning of Things in Wellington and Waterloo Counties. Guelph: Guelph Publishing Company, 1935.
Campbell, Cork. From then till now: a history of Arthur Township, 1850-1985. Kenilworth, Ontario: Arthur Historical Committee, 1986.
Canada, Ontario, Census Return. 1891, Waterloo North, Berlin, No. 1. 1911, York South, Subdistrict 19.
Chapman, L.J. and Putnam, D.F. The Physiography of Southern Ontario, Third Edition. Toronto: Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, 1984.
Connor, A. W. “Municipal Bridges’, Contract Record, Volume 23, June 6, 1909.
“Contracts Department”, Contract Record. Various years from 1909 to 1921.
Cuming, David J. Discovering Heritage Bridges on Ontario’s Roads. Erin, Ontario: The Boston Mills Press, 1984.
Harris, Robin S. and Montagnes, Ian, ed. Cold Iron and Lady Godiva Engineering Education at Toronto 1920-1972. University of Toronto Press, c1973.
Heritage Resource Centre. Arch, Truss & Beam: The Grand River Heritage Bridge Inventory. March 2013.
Historica Research Limited. “Concrete Bridge: General Design Issues”. Prepared for the Ministry of Citizenship and Culture, February 1984.
History of West Luther. West Luther: 1981.
Hoffman, D.W., B.C. Matthews and R.E. Wicklund, Soil Survey of the County of Wellington, Report No. 35 of the Ontario Soil Survey. Guelph, Ontario, 1963.
Hutchinson, Jean F. The History of Wellington County. Grand Valley, Ontario: Landsborough Print, 1998.
Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1, Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario
Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Toronto: Historical Atlas Publishing Co., 1906.
Library and Archives Canada (LAC). Mattaini-Landoni family fonds 1871-1979. Mattaini Biography/Administrative History
Mestern, Pat. “Looking Back: Bridges of Fergus’ past include bowstring beauties, swinging and pig bride”. Fergus-Elora News Express, November 3, 1999, 18-19.
Mestern, Pat. “Gleanings from old account books”, Fergus-Elora News Express, August 10, 2005, 19.
McCormick Rankin Corporation. OSIM Inspection Reports 1992, 1994, 2004, 2005 and 2016.
Municipal Class Environmental Assessment. Toronto: Municipal Engineers Association, June 2000, as amended 2007, 2011 and 2015.
“Obituary’, Contract Record and Engineering Review, June 28, 1916, 650.
Ontario, Report of the Minister of Public Works for the Province of Ontario for the Twelve Months Ending 31st October 1910. Toronto: Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1911.
Ontario Department of Public Highways. Highway Bridges 1917. Toronto: 1917. General Specifications for Concrete Highway Bridges, Ontario 1917. Toronto: 1917.
Ontario Geological Survey. Aggregate Resources Inventory of Arthur Township, Wellington County, Southern Ontario, Aggregate Resources Inventory Paper 38. Ministry of Natural Resources Ontario, 1981.
Ontario Geological Survey. Aggregate Resources Inventory of Wellington County, Townships of Minto, Arthur, West Luther, Maryborough, Peel, West Garafraxa, Pilkington, Nichol, Guelph, Eramosa, Erin, Puslinch and the City of Guelph. Aggregate Resources Inventory Paper 162. Ministry of Natural Resources Ontario, 1999.
Ontario Heritage Act Regulation 9/06: Criteria for Determining Cultural Heritage Value or Interest, January 25, 2006.
Ontario. Highway Bridges, Appendix to the Annual Report of the Department of Public Highways, 1917,
Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1, Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario
Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. A Topical Organization of Ontario’s History. Toronto: Ministry of Natural Resources, c1973.
Ontario Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport. Ontario Heritage Bridge List (June 2016). Eight Guiding Principles in the Conservation of Built Heritage Properties. Spring 2007. Listing Cultural Heritage Properties on the Municipal Register. Fall 2016. Ontario Heritage Tool Kit, 2006. Standards and Guidelines for Conservation of Provincial Heritage Properties (April 28, 2010.
Ontario. Report of the Minister of Public Works for the Province of Ontario for the Twelve Months Ending 31st October 1910. Toronto: Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1911.
Parsons Brinckerhoff and Engineering and Industrial Heritage. A Context for Common Historica Bridge Types, NCHRP Project 25-25, Task 15. Prepared for the National Cooperative Highway Research Program, Transportation Research Council, National Research Council. October 2005.
Robinson Heritage Consulting. Grand Old Bridges: The Grand River Watershed Bridge Inventory. Prepared for the Grand River Conservation Authority. April 6, 2004.
Smith, William. Smith’s Canadian Gazetteer. Toronto: H. & W. Rowsell, 1846.
Toronto Reference Library, Various years of city directories.
Unterman McPhail Associates. Gordonville Bridge, MCEA Heritage Bridge Checklist, February 23, 2016.
Uttley, William Velores, A history of Kitchener, Ontario. Global Heritage Press, ON: c2008.
Waterloo Historical Society Annual Report. 1927.
Wellington County Museum & Archives (WCMA). Arthur Enterprise News, June to October 1955. Wellington County Council Minutes, 1918-1921 and 1954-1956. A1990.17 file 36, item 1. Ms. Edith A. Mattaini, ”Builders of Wellington County’, April 26, 1979.
WSP Canada Group Limited. List of Comparative T-Beam Bridge Structures with the County of Wellington Inventory, May 2017.
Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1, Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario
Young, C. R. “Bridge Building”, The Engineering Journal, June 1937, 478-500.
Websites
Canadian Heritage Rivers System. Grand River. Access: --
Canada’s Historic Places. The Canadian Register. Access: --
Explore Wellington Public Map. Access: --
From Pennsylvania to Waterloo: A biographical History of Waterloo Township by Ezra Eby, 1895. Herbert J. Bowman. Access: -- Grand River Conservation Authority. Heritage River Designation. Access: -- Library and Archives of Canada (LAC). Postal Heritage and Philately, Post Offices and Postmasters, Item 9718, Gordonville, Wellington N.R. (Ontario). Access: -- The Township of Wellington North, History of Wellington North. History of Wellington North. Access: Wellington County, Local History of Wellington County. Access: -- Wellington County Museum and Archives (WCMA). Search the Museum and Archives Online Collections. Access: -- Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1, Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario Maps, Photographs and Drawings Arthur Map, Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Toronto: Walker & Miles, 1877. Arthur Map, Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Toronto: Historical Atlas Pub. Co., 1906. Google, 2017. Luther Map, Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Toronto: Walker & Miles, 1877. Luther Map, Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Toronto: Historical Atlas Pub. Co., 1906. National Topographic Series (NTS). 40 P/15 Palmerston, 1937, 1974 and 1986. Wellington County Museum & Archives (WCMA). MAP 371. A1980.14, Arthur, West Luther Twps. Townline, plan for Gordonville cantilever bridge, Concession 7, Arthur-West Luther Townline, 1919. MAP 726, A1988.124, Wellington County, Canada, Landowners Map 1861. Charles Wheelock, Publisher, Guy Leslie, Cartographer. A2013.155: Wellington County corporate records, Roads Department slides and photographs, 1946-2008, File 14: B&W Polaroid. CR 14, Gordonville Bridge #5, ca. 1980. Planning Department Project [No assigned Accession #]. No. 0550, Contract for repairs to Structure No. 14005 Gordonville Bridge on CR14 over Four Mile Creek, April 1994. No. 0554: Gordonville bridge pier footing extension, plan, July 1975. Gamsby and Mannerow Limited, Consulting Professional Engineers. Contacts Dale Clark, Township of Wellington North. Kim Sommerville, Archives Assistant, Wellington County Museum and Archives. Karren Wallace, Clerk, Township of Wellington North. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 APPENDIX A: GORDONVILLE BRIDGE MEA HERITAGE BRIDGE CHECKLIST February 23, 2016 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix A (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario Municipal Heritage Bridges Cultural, Heritage and Archaeological Resources Assessment Checklist Revised April 11, 2014 This checklist was prepared in March 2013 by the Municipal Engineers Association to assist with determining the requirements to comply with the Municipal Class Environmental Assessment. View all 4 parts of the module on Structures Over 40 Years at www.municipalclassea.ca to assist with completing the checklist. Project Name: Gordonville Bridge, Wellington County Bridge No. B014005 Location: Wellington County Road 14 Municipality: County of Wellington, Municipality of Wellington North Project Engineer: Chris MIddleton, P.Eng. WSP/MMM Group Limited Checklist completed by: Richard Unterman, MA, Unterman McPhail Associates and Chris Middleton, P.Eng., WSP/MMM Group Limited Date: February 23, 2016 NOTE: Complete all sections of Checklist. Both Cultural Heritage and Archaeological Sections must be satisfied before proceeding. Part A - Municipal Class EA Activity Selection Description Yes No Will the proposed project involve or Schedule B or C Next result in construction of new water crossings? This includes ferry docks. Will the proposed project involve or Schedule B or C Next result in construction of new grade separation? Will the proposed project involve or Schedule B or C Next result in construction of new underpasses or overpasses for pedestrian recreational or agricultural use? Will the proposed project involve or Schedule B or C Next result in construction of new interchanges between any two roadways, including a grade separation and ramps to connect the two roadways? Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix A (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario Description Yes No Will the proposed project involve or Schedule A+ Next result in reconstruction of a water crossing where the structure is less than 40 years old and the reconstructed facility will be for the same purpose, use, capacity and at the same location? (Capacity refers to either hydraulic or road capacity.) This includes ferry docks. Will the proposed project involve or Schedule B or C Next result in reconstruction of a water crossing, where the reconstructed facility will not be for the same purpose, use, capacity or at the same location? (Capacity refers to either hydraulic or road capacity). This includes ferry docks. Will the proposed project involve or Next Assess Archaeological result in reconstruction or alteration of Resources a structure or the grading adjacent to it when the structure is over 40 years old where the proposed work will alter the basic structural system, overall configuration or appearance of the structure? Part B - Cultural Heritage Assessment Description Yes No Does the proposed project involve a Next Prepare CHER bridge construction in or after 1956? Undertake HIA Does the project involve one of these Rigid frame Prepare CHER four bridge types? Undertake HIA Next Precast with Concrete Deck Next Culvert or Simple Span Next Steel Bean/ Concrete Deck Next Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix A (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario Description Yes No Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is subject of a Undertake HIA covenant or agreement between the owner of the property and a conservation body or level of government? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is listed on a register Undertake HIA or inventory of heritage properties maintained by the municipality? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is designated under Undertake HIA Part IV of the Ontario Heritage Act? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is subject to a notice Undertake HIA of intention to designate issued by a municipality? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is located within a Undertake HIA designated Heritage Conservation District? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is subject to a Undertake HIA Heritage Conservation District study area by-law? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is included in the Undertake HIA Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport’s list of provincial heritage properties? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is part of a National Undertake HIA Historic Site? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is part of a United Undertake HIA Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) World Heritage Site? Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix A (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario Description Yes No Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is designated under Undertake HIA the Heritage Railway Station Protection Act? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is identified as a Undertake HIA Federal Heritage Building by the Federal Heritage Building Review Office (FHBRO) Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is the subject of a Undertake HIA municipal, provincial or federal commemorative or interpretive plaque that speaks to the Historical significance of the bridge? Does the bridge or study area contain a Prepare CHER Next parcel of land that is in a Canadian Undertake HIA Heritage River watershed? Will the project impact any structures Prepare CHER Next or sites (not bridges) that are over forty Undertake HIA years old, or are important to defining the character of the area or that are considered a landmark in the local community? Is the bridge or study area adjacent to a Prepare CHER Next known burial site and/or cemetery? Undertake HIA Is the bridge considered a landmark or Prepare CHER Next have a special association with a Undertake HIA community, person or historical event in the local community? Does the bridge or study area contain Prepare Cher Assess Archaeological or is it part of a cultural heritage Undertake HIA Resources landscape? Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix A (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario PART C - HERITAGE ASSESSMENT Description Yes No Does the Cultural Heritage Evaluation Undertake HIA Part D - Archaeological Report identify any Heritage Features Resources on the project? Does the Heritage Impact Assessment Schedule B or C Part D - Archaeological determine that the proposed project will Resources impact any of the Heritage Features that have been identified? PART D - ARCHAEOLOGICAL RESOURCES ASSESSMENT Description Yes No Will any activity, related to the project, Next b Schedule A - proceed result in land impacts/significant ground disturbance? Have all areas, to be impacted by Schedule A - proceed Next ground disturbing activities, been subjected to recent extensive and intensive disturbances and to depths greater than the depths of the proposed activities? Has an archaeological assessment Next Archaeological Assessment previously been carried out that includes all of the areas to be impacted by this project? Does the report on that previous Schedule A - proceed Obtain satisfaction letter - archaeological assessment recommend proceed that no further archaeological assessment is required within the limits of the project for which that assessment was undertaken, and has a letter been issued by the Ministry of Tourism, Culture and Sport stating that the report has been entered into the Ontario Public Register of Archaeological Reports? ** Include Documentation Summary in Project File** Note: This structure is within the Grand River Watershed, a Canadian Heritage River. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 APPENDIX B: HISTORICAL MAPS AND DRAWINGS Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix B (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario The circle marks the location of the Gordonville Bridge on the boundary between Arthur and Luther townships [WCMA, MAP 726, A1988.124, Wellington County, Canada, Landowners Map 1861]. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix B (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario The circle marks the location of the Gordonville Bridge in Arthur Township [Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Toronto: Walker & Miles, 1877]. The circle marks the location of the Gordonville Bridge in Luther Township [Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Toronto: Walker & Miles, 1877. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix B (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario The circle marks the location of the Gordonville Bridge in Arthur Township north of the hamlet of Gordonville [Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Toronto: Historical Atlas Pub. Co., 1906]. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix B (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario The circle marks the location of the Gordonville Bridge in West Luther Township north of the hamlet of Gordonville [Illustrated Historical Atlas of the County of Wellington, Ontario. Toronto: Historical Atlas Pub. Co., 1906]. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix B (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario The cirlcie marks the location of the Gordonville Bridge on WR14 [NTS: 40 P/15 Palmerston, 1937]. The cirlcie marks the location of the Gordonville Bridge on WR14 [NTS: 40 P/15 Palmerston, 1986]. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix B (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1, Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North, County of Wellington. Ontario WCMA, MAP 371. A1980.14, Arthur, West Luther Twps. Townline, plan for Gordonville cantilever bridge, Concession 7, Arthur-West Luther Townline, 1919. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix B (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario WCMA, No. 0550, Contract for repairs to Structure No. 14005 Gordonville Bridge, 1994. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 April 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants October 2017 APPENDIX C: GORDONVILLE BRIDGE SURVEY FORM Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix C (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario BRIDGE NAME: Recorder: Ref. No. Gordonville Bridge Unterman McPhail B14005 Associates (MTO NO. 35-83) ROAD: Map: Date: Wellington Road 14 April 3, 2017 Lot: 1 Con: 7 (Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot: 18 Con: 1 (Geographic Township of Arthur Municipality: Township of Wellington North County / R.M.: County of Wellington 1:50:000 Map Ref.: NTS: Palmerston 40 P/15 Military Grid Ref.: Air Photo Ref.: Description: The Gordonville Bridge is located on Wellington Road 14 about 0.4 km north of Line 6. BRIDGE ENVIRONMENT & USES Water/Road/Rail/Other Crossing: Gordonville Bridge carries WR 14 over Four Mile Creek. Surrounding Land-Uses & Landscape: The bridge located about 8.5 km north of Highway 6 at Arthur and 0.4 km north of the 6th Line at Gordonville. In the vicinity of the bridge, WR 14 is a two-lane paved roadway with a speed limit of 80 km/hr. All four corners of the bridge have hazard signs. A load limit sign is located on the northwest approach as well as a sign indicating the rural hamlet of Gordonville. The Four Mile Creek, a tributary of the Conestogo River, is not signed. It flows in an east to west direction at the subject bridge. The surrounding area is, for the most part, rural agricultural in character. The historical hamlet of Gordonville is located immediately south of the bridge at the 6th Line and includes the Gordonville St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church at 8952 WR 14 and a 19th century residence across the road at 8949 WR 14. The Pair- A-Dyce Farms, a later 20th century farm complex, is located on the southwest corner and a later 20th century residence on the northwest corner. Bridge Uses: Vehicular traffic. DESIGN Materials: Concrete reinforced Construction Techniques: Concrete T-Beam Decorative Features: The arches of the two spans still visible on the west elevation. Landscape Quality: Due to the removal of the handrail system and its replacement with a steel guardrail in 1994 the structure is not noticeable when travelling on WR 14. The structure supports the rural landscape. State of Preservation: The structure was widened on the east side and the original concrete handrail system was removed in 1955. The 1955 handrail was then replaced with a steel guardrail in 1994. Other Comments: There is no skew on the bridge. The design intent of the bridge has been substantially altered. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix C (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario DIMENSIONS Carriageway Width: 29-ft. 10 ½ -in. (9.1 m) Longest Span: 35-ft. (10.7 m) No. of Lanes: Two Shortest Span: 35-ft. (10.7 m) Sidewalks: None Overall Structure Length: 78-ft. (23.8 m) Capacity: 21/40/55 tonnes Overall Structure Width: 31-ft. 6-in. (9.6 m) No. of Spans: Two (2) 35-ft. / 35-ft. (107 m /10.7 m) Clearance: Unknown HISTORY Date Built: 1919 Engineer/Designer: Bowman & Connor, Engineers Ltd., Toronto for Wellington County Construction Firm: Charles Mattaini, Fergus, Ontario Drawings/Specifications: General Arrangement (1919); WCMA, No. 0554: Gordonville bridge pier footing extension plan, July 1975; McCormick Rankin Corporation, Rehabilitation Drawings, (1994). Photos: 1980 [WCMA]. Historical Association: The bridge is historically associated with major funding to improve the Wellington County road system in 1919. The Gordonsville Bridge appears to be one of the fifteen bridges built as part of this project in 1919. The bridge is historically associated with Bowman & Connor, Engineering Consultants, a well known early 20th century firm, and Charles Mattaini, a well known concrete bridge builder who operated from Fergus, Ontario. Both the engineers and builder are well known for their numerous bridge projects in Ontario counties and townships, particularly Wellington County. Previous Bridges : A bridge appears to have spanned Four Mile Creek at this location since the road was opened in the mid 19th century. Other Comments: PROPERTY RIGHTS & RESPONSIBILITIES Owner: County of Wellington Maintenance: County of Wellington PLANNED UNDERTAKING The County of Wellington is undertaking a Municipal Class EA regarding the replacement of the Gordonville Bridge. GENERAL COMMENTS Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix C (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario PHOTOGRAPHS View north on WR14 across the Gordonville View south on WR14 to the Gordonville Bridge. Bridge with St. Andrew’s Presbyterian Church on the hill in the background. View east from the Gordonville Bridge to Four View west from the Gordonville Bridge to Four Mile Creek. Mile Creek. View southeast to the residence located at View west to St. Andrew’s Presbyterian 8949 WR14. Church located at 8952 WR14 in Gordonville. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix C (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario PHOTOGRAPHS View of the north abutment. View of the north side of centre pier on the west elevation. View of the south abutment. View looking to the south abutment showing the original arched concrete T-beams (west) and the additional beams added to the east side 1955. East elevation of the Gordonville Bridge West elvation of the Gordonville Bridge showng the straight line and cantilevered showing the original arch profile of the two deck profile as a reuslt of the 1955 widening. spans. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 APPENDIX D: LIST OF COMPARATIVE T-BEAM BRIDGE STRUCTURES WITH THE COUNTY OF WELLINGTON INVENTORY Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix D (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1, Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North, County of Wellington. Ontario Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 APPENDIX E: LIST OF PROJECTS BOWMAN & CONNOR ENGINEERING CONSULTANTS A.W. CONNOR AND CHARLES MATTAINI Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix E (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario BOWMAN & CONNOR Some bridge structures designed by Bowman & Connor in Wellington County61 and other areas include the following. Few of these structures remain. 62 o Steel Bridge, riveted lattice, Mount Forest (c1909); o Ponsonby Bridge, 15-ft. concrete arch; Birge’s Mills, 20-ft. concrete arch (c1909); Speedside, 30-ft. concrete arch (c1909); Durham, 42-ft. concrete arch, (c1909); Eden Mills, 50-ft. concrete arch (c1909);63 o Armstrong Bridge, steel superstructure, Township of Guelph, Wellington County (1909);64 65 o Reinforced Concrete Arch, near Oshawa, Ontario County (1909); 66 o Concrete Arch, near New Dundee, Waterloo County (1909); 67 o Concrete Bridge near Ayr, Waterloo County (1909); 68 o Cole’s Bridge, awarded at Drayton, Wellington County (1909); 69 o Moorefield Bridge, steel bridge, (1910); o Fleming’s Bridge, Arthur and Garafraxa Townships (1910); o McGinn’s Bridge, Guelph Township (1910); o Nickle’s Bridge near Guelph (1910); o Harper’s Bridge, Erin Township (1910); o Colquhoun’s Bridge, Maryborough Township (1910); o Four Mile Creek, Arthur Township (1910); o Coxe’s Bridge, between Wellington and Waterloo Counties at Weissenberg (c1910); o Kelly’s Bridge, Pilkington Township (1910); o Drayton Bridge abutment, Drayton (c1910); o Sanderson‘s Bridge, Peel Township (1910); 70 o Two concrete bridges, Townline Eramosa and Erin Townships(1910); o Cameron’s Bridge, Farley’s Creek, Arthur Township (1911); 71 o An 80-ft. (24.38 m) span, open spandrel arch bridge in Fergus (1912); o Eden Mills bowstring arch bridge (1913); o Four other bowstring arch bridges in (1914); 61 The on-line database of the Wellington County Museum and Archives was consulted for all references to bridge drawings in Wellington County by Bowman & Connor, A.W. Connor and Herbert J. Bowman; and Frank Barber, The Contract Record (March 26, 1919) 276. 62 A.W. Connor, “Municipal Bridges’, Contract Record, Volume 23 (June 6, 1909) 39. 63 Ibid. 64 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 23, (March 24, 1909) 23. 65 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 23, (May 26, 1909) 25. 66 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 24, (April 27, 1910) 28. 67 Ibid. 68 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 24, (June 8, 1910) 26. 69 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 24, (June 8, 1910) 30. 70 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 24, (June 29, 1910) 31. 71 “Concrete Arch Bridges in Canada”, Contract Record, Volume 33, (March 26, 1919) 276. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017 Cultural Heritage Evaluation Report: Gordonville Bridge, County Bridge No. B14005 Appendix E (Lot 1, Con. 7, Geographic Township of West Luther & Lot 18, Con. 1 Geographic Township of Arthur) Wellington Road 14, Township of Wellington North County of Wellington, Ontario o Three concrete arch bridges, Eramosa Township, Maryboro Township and Peel Township Wellington County (date unknown);72 o Nine small reinforced concrete and steel bridges, East Whitby Township, Ontario County (1915);73 o Gordonville Bridge, Arthur-West Luther Townline (1919); 74 o Concrete Reinforced Bridge, Hornsby, Halton County (1919); 75 o Five concrete bridges, Wellington County (1919); and, 76 o Victoria Street Bridge, Guelph. A. W. CONNOR The following bridges are attributed to A.W. Connor: 77 o Concrete bridges, Eramosa Township (1921); o Arthur Street Bridge, Harriston (1922); o McDonald’s Bridge, Arthur and Egremont Townships (c1922); o Concrete Bridge, Lot 27, Concession 10, Erin Township (1922); o Elkerton Bridge, Pilkington Township (1920); and Auger’s Bridge, Pilkington Township (1923); o Mayne Bridge, Peel Township (1925); and, o Substructure for Watt Bridge, Lot 14, Concession 11-12, Nichol Township (1929). CHARLES MATTAINI Edith Mestern’s article, “Builders of Wellington County” held at the WCMA contains a list of Mattaini’s work taken from his account books and notes numerous bridge structures, although not the bridge type or specific locations. The Library and Archives Canada Mattaini Family Fonds contains some information on bridges. Examples of bridges known to have been built by contractor Charles Mattaini for Bowman & Connor include, but are not limited to, the following structures: o Speedside, 30-ft. concrete arch (c1909);78 o Birge’s Mills, 20-ft. concrete arch (c1909); o Two culverts, near Clifford (c1909); o Eden Mills, concrete bowstring arch bridge (1913); o Stone Road Bridge, concrete bowstring arch, previously McQuillan’s Bridge, Guelph (1916); and, o Gordonville Bridge, Arthur-West Luther Townline (1919). 72 Ibid., (March 26, 1919) 277. 73 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 29, (September 8, 1915) 9. 74 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 33, (February 19, 1919) 174. 75 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 33, (May 7, 1919) 446. 76 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 33, (January 14, 1920) 48. 77 “Contracts Department”, Contract Record, Volume 35, (June 1, 1921) 272. 78 A.W. Connor, {Municipal Bridges’, Contract Record, Volume 23 (June 6, 1909) 39. Unterman McPhail Associates May 2017 Heritage Resource Management Consultants Revised October 2017