Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God
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Justice of God in Damnation
THE JUSTICE OF GOD IN THE DAMNATION OF SINNERS “That every mouth may be stopped” (Romans 3:19). By Jonathan Edwards Online Edition by: International Outreach, Inc. PO Box 1286, Ames, Iowa 50014 (515) 292-9594 THE JUSTICE OF GOD IN THE DAMNATION OF SINNERS By Jonathan Edwards "That every mouth may be stopped." (Romans 3:19) The main subject of the doctrinal part of this epistle, is the free grace of God in the salvation of men by Christ Jesus; especially as it appears in the doctrine of justification by faith alone. And the more clearly to evince this doctrine, and show the reason of it, the apostle, in the first place, establishes that point, that no flesh living can be justified by the deeds of the law. And to prove it, he is very large and particular in showing, that all mankind, not only the Gentiles, but Jews, are under sin, and so under the condemnation of the law; which is what he insists upon from the beginning of the epistle to this place. He first begins with the Gentiles; and in the first chapter shows that they are under sin, by setting forth the exceeding corruptions and horrid wickedness that overspread the Gentile world: and then through the second chapter, and the former part of this third chapter, to the text and following verse, he shows the same of the Jews, that they also are in the same circumstances with the Gentiles in this regard. They had a high thought of themselves, because they were God's covenant people, and circumcised, and the children of Abraham. -
Evangelical Reform in Early Nineteenth Century America
1 Published as the chapter on “Nineteenth Century America” in Don Eberly, editor, Building a Healthy Culture: Strategies for an American Renaissance, Eerdmans Publishing Co., 2001, pp. 181-199. Evangelical Reform in Early Nineteenth Century America by John G. West* To American evangelicals, the new century seemed anything but hospitable.1 Many Americans had stopped going to church. Some openly doubted Christianity, preferring to place their hopes in reason alone rather than a God who intervenes in human affairs. The nation’s cities were turning into havens of crime, promiscuity, and alcoholism. Radical social reformers dotted the landscape, attracting enthusiastic interest, if not outright support. One of the more provocative of the radicals proposed a “Declaration of Mental Independence” that denounced private property, traditional religion, and marriage as “a TRINITY of the most monstrous evils that could be combined to inflict mental and physical evil upon [man’s] whole race.”2 Even in politics, traditional religion and morality were flouted. Thomas Jefferson, one of the era’s most influential presidents, scoffed in private at the miracles of the Bible and historic Christian doctrines such as the Trinity.3 Another popular chief executive, Andrew Jackson, was the only president in American history who had killed another man in a duel.4 Yet voters didn’t seem to care. In many ways, the culture wars of America in the early 1800s seem eerily like some of the cultural conflicts in America today. Yet most historians wouldn’t describe nineteenth-century America as especially secular or amoral. If anything, the period is often held up as the epitome of a Christian America—when Christianity, or at least the Protestant variety of Christianity—was the dominant religion of the state, and when Biblical ethics supplied the basis for social relations. -
The Earliest Prints and Paintings of New England Indians
Rhode Island History Pubhvhed by The Rhude leland Hrst oncal Volume 4 1, Number 3 August 1982 'iO(;lcty, \1 Powe r Streel, Providence. Rhode J~I.1n d, 029CX>, and pruned bv a ~u n l trcm t he SU IC 01 Rhode bland .1nd Provide nce Plamauons r ItI'ter h Garrahv, ('.cwernnl Contents lcsued QU.1 l1crl)' ill Providence. Rhode 1..land , Pebruar v ,\b ~', AURU H and Novem ber Second da!>~ po"URe pard The Earliest Prints and Paintings 73 at Providence, Rhode lvland of New England Indians Eduorral ott1l;C~.11 Ald uch House, WI L LIAM S . S IM MONS 110 Benevolent Street. Providence. Rhode l~l.and Oly«. Rechard F Suplc!> "re<ldtnt The Threat of Radicalism : Seward's Alden.\1 Anderso n, vice pre<ldenl Candidacy and th e Rhode Island :'\.1r.. Ed" In G, Fr",hCI, VICt presldtnt Richa rd A Sherman, vectctarv Gubernatorial Election of 1860 .\, Rachel Cunh., o.ul<tanl secretarv 'AM ES L. H USTON \itc phe n C W llh. m ~ , treasurer Alben Car lom, aH"rOnl treasurer f H l O\ll' \ {H TH l "~I ETY Book Reviews 100 C.rl Bnden baugh Svdne v V lam es Anrome ue F D{lwnln~ Corrections !OJ PUIlLICA TIOS, COM MITTE E Dr s.cct>c n I Goldtlw,ky, chonman Gordon Allen Henry L P geckwuh lr Dr Francis H, Cbafee Prot. Howard r. Cbudacutt Wenddl D Garrcn Robert Allen G reene Ted Holmberg Pamela A. Kennedy Leonard 1 Levin Alan Simp"," wm McKenz ie Wood ward W. -
A History of American Christianity
A History of American Christianity Author(s): Bacon, Leonard Woolsey (1830-1907) Publisher: Grand Rapids, MI: Christian Classics Ethereal Library Description: Bacon introduced his History of American Christianity at the very end of the 19th century. The book appeared just after the violence and controversy of the American Civil War, and just as that of racial segregation and the World Wars began to brew. In spite of this, Bacon's History highlights the glories and triumphs of Christianity's development in the United States. In particular, he focuses on how all kinds of Christians from many different countries have met and come together in America. He looks forward to a future in which these Christians can live united in faith.While some critique Bacon's History for its perhaps excessive patriotism, others appreciate Bacon's ecumenical vision. In any case, the book stands in a rather unique place in American history. By virtue of this, it tells the story of American Christianity in a way particularly refreshing for an American era characterized by the political polarization of the church. Kathleen O'Bannon CCEL Staff Subjects: Christianity History By Region or Country i Contents Title Page 1 Contents 4 A History of American Christianity. 12 Chapter I. Providential Preparations for the Discovery of America—Spiritual 13 Revival throughout Christendom, and Especially in the Church of Spain. Chapter II. Spanish Conquest—The Propagation, Decay, and Downfall of Spanish 16 Christianity. Chapter III. The Project of French Empire and Evngelization—Its Wide and Rapid 22 Success—Its Sudden Extinction. Chapter IV. Antecedents of Permanent Christian Colonization—The 31 Disintegration of Christendom—Controversies—Persecutions. -
Our Congregationalist Constitution; the Congregationalist Origins of Americcan Federalism
City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations and Theses City College of New York 2014 Our Congregationalist Constitution; The Congregationalist Origins of Americcan Federalism Emily Graham CUNY City College How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/cc_etds_theses/273 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Our Congregationalist Constitution The Congregationalist Origins of American Federalism Emily Graham Advisor: Anne Kornhauser May 8, 2014 Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts of the City College of the City University of New York 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................................................................................... 3 Scholarship …....................................................................................................... 7 Early Congregationalism .................................................................................... 10 Colonial Federalist Development ....................................................................... 15 Local Autonomy Within a Union ....................................................................... 21 The Federalist and the “Anti-Federalists” .......................................................... 27 The 1787 Convention: Federalism and the Scope of -
Jonathan Edwards on Education
Acta Theologica 2011:2 KP Minkema “INFORMING OF THE CHILD’S UNDERSTANDING, INFLUENCING HIS HEART, AND DIRECTING ITS PRACTICE”: JONATHAN EDWARDS ON EDUCATION ABSTRACT This article examines the role of education in Jonathan Edwards’ life and legacy, both the education he received in early eighteenth-century New England and his activities as a teacher, among the other vocations he followed. In particular, the methods and principles he employed as a teacher, both of English and Indian children and young people, are distinctive. Next, the essay turns to some selected figures within the Edwardsean tradition to show pedagogical changes and continuities. In one of his “Miscellanies,” Jonathan Edwards, pastor of Northampton, Massachusetts, described a physics lesson he gave to a local thirteen-year- old boy, in which he asserted “that a piece of any matter of two inches square” was “eight times so big as one of but one inch square, or that it might be cut into eight pieces, all of them as big as that of but an inch square.” The boy suspected that his pastor was playing a joke on him, but, Edwards wrote, “I took considerable pains to convince him that I was in earnest,” whereat the lad “cried out of the impossibility and absurdity of it.” To prove his point, Edwards led the boy to the woodshed, picked up a saw and cut “two cubes, one an inch and another two inches square, and let him examine the measures and see that the measures were exact, and that there was no deceit.” He then “cut the two-inch cube into eight equal parts” and handed them to the boy,” who “took the parts one by one and compared them with the one inch cube, and spent some time in counting and comparing.” With the proof in his hands, the boy was still “astonished[,] as though there were some witchcraft in the case.” Kenneth P. -
Download a Pdf File of This Issue for Free
Issue 77: Jonathon Edwards: Puritan Pastor & Theologian Jonathan Edwards: Did You Know? Interesting and unusual facts about Jonathan Edwards Steven Gertz and Chris Armstrong Evangelical Co-founder A man was born three months before Edwards and an ocean away who was to share the New England divine's twin passions for the church and the life of the mind. That man was John Wesley, the founder of Methodism. The two never met, but they labored for their Lord on two continents, together helping to birth the movement called "evangelicalism." Wesley read Edwards appreciatively and reprinted his Religious Affections, revising where the Puritan theologian's Calvinism was most strongly expressed. Revival Mediator Edwards, a strong supporter of the Great Awakening, nevertheless took a cautious view of what went on in the revivals. On one hand, Edwards criticized the Awakening enthusiast James Davenport, who hotly insisted that many New England ministers were in fact unconverted and bound for hell, and who once burned a pile of classic Christian texts he considered insufficiently spiritual. On the other, Edwards debated the Boston rationalist clergyman Charles Chauncy, who argued true religion was a matter of the mind rather than the heart. "We should distinguish the good from the bad," instructed Edwards, "and not judge of the whole by a part" (see p. 42). Chocolate Addict Consumed as a beverage usually at breakfast, "cakes" of chocolate were in steady demand in the Edwards household. The family often had to rely on travelers to Boston to procure it. In one letter, Edward begs the courier to save some of the chocolate he paid for. -
Book of Mormon Atonement Doctrine Examined in Context of Atonement Theology in the Environment of Its Publication
Brigham Young University BYU ScholarsArchive Theses and Dissertations 2012-08-09 Book of Mormon Atonement Doctrine Examined in Context of Atonement Theology in the Environment of its Publication David Scott Wetzel Brigham Young University - Provo Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd Part of the Biblical Studies Commons, and the Other Religion Commons BYU ScholarsArchive Citation Wetzel, David Scott, "Book of Mormon Atonement Doctrine Examined in Context of Atonement Theology in the Environment of its Publication" (2012). Theses and Dissertations. 3297. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3297 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by BYU ScholarsArchive. It has been accepted for inclusion in Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of BYU ScholarsArchive. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. Book of Mormon Atonement Doctrine Examined in Context of Atonement Theology in the Environment of Its Publication David S. Wetzel A thesis submitted to the faculty of Brigham Young University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Alexander L. Baugh, Chair Alonzo L. Gaskill Richard E. Bennett Department of Religious Education Brigham Young University December 2012 Copyright © 2012 David S. Wetzel All Rights Reserved ABSTRACT Book of Mormon Atonement Doctrine Examined in Context of Atonement Theology in the Environment of Its Publication David S. Wetzel Department of Religious Education, BYU Master of Religious Education Alexander Campbell, a contemporary of Joseph Smith, was the first to publish a critique of the Book of Mormon after actually having read it. Among other allegations, he arraigned that Joseph Smith wrote the book to resolve, with a voice of prophecy, theological issues contemporary to its publication. -
STUDIES in THEOLOGY by BENJAMIN BRECKINRIDGE WARFIELD Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology in the Theological Seminary of Princeton New Jersey, 1887-1921
stheo_1 STUDIES IN THEOLOGY BY BENJAMIN BRECKINRIDGE WARFIELD Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology in the Theological Seminary of Princeton New Jersey, 1887-1921 http://www.biblecentre.net/theology/books/war/sit/stheo/css/stheo_1.html [30/07/2003 11:34:52 a.m.] stheo_2 PREFATORY NOTE REV. BENJAMIN BRECKINRIDGE WARFIELD, D.D., LL.D., Professor of Didactic and Polemic Theology in the Theological Seminary of the Presbyterian Church at Princeton, New Jersey, provided in his will for the collection and publication of the numerous articles on theological subjects which he contributed to encyclopaedias, reviews and other periodicals, and appointed a committee to edit and publish these papers. In pursuance of his instructions, this, the ninth volume, containing miscellaneous Studies in Theology, has been prepared under the editorial direction of this committee. The generous permission to publish articles contained in this volume is gratefully acknowledged as follows: Funk and Wagnalls Company for the articles taken from “The New Schaff-Herzog Encyclopedia of Religious Knowledge” edited by Samuel Macauley Jackson; Charles Scribner’s Sons for the article taken from the “Encyclopædia of Religion and Ethics” edited by James Hastings; The Board of Christian Education of the Presbyterian Church in the U. S. A. for the article taken from “A Dictionary of the Bible ‘; by John D. Davis, published by The Westminster Press; The Biblical Seminary in New York for the articles taken from The Biblical Review; Pittsburgh-Xenia Theological Seminary for the article taken from Bibliotheca Sacra; and The University of Chicago Press for the article taken from The American Journal of Theology. -
Jonathan Edwards on Education
Acta Theologica 2011:2 KP Minkema “INFORMING OF THE CHILD’S UNDERSTANDING, INFLUENCING HIS HEART, AND DIRECTING ITS PRACTICE”: JONATHAN EDWARDS ON EDUCATION ABSTRACT This article examines the role of education in Jonathan Edwards’ life and legacy, both the education he received in early eighteenth-century New England and his activities as a teacher, among the other vocations he followed. In particular, the methods and principles he employed as a teacher, both of English and Indian children and young people, are distinctive. Next, the essay turns to some selected figures within the Edwardsean tradition to show pedagogical changes and continuities. In one of his “Miscellanies,” Jonathan Edwards, pastor of Northampton, Massachusetts, described a physics lesson he gave to a local thirteen-year- old boy, in which he asserted “that a piece of any matter of two inches square” was “eight times so big as one of but one inch square, or that it might be cut into eight pieces, all of them as big as that of but an inch square.” The boy suspected that his pastor was playing a joke on him, but, Edwards wrote, “I took considerable pains to convince him that I was in earnest,” whereat the lad “cried out of the impossibility and absurdity of it.” To prove his point, Edwards led the boy to the woodshed, picked up a saw and cut “two cubes, one an inch and another two inches square, and let him examine the measures and see that the measures were exact, and that there was no deceit.” He then “cut the two-inch cube into eight equal parts” and handed them to the boy,” who “took the parts one by one and compared them with the one inch cube, and spent some time in counting and comparing.” With the proof in his hands, the boy was still “astonished[,] as though there were some witchcraft in the case.” Kenneth P. -
“Let Every Soul Be Subject”: Northern Evangelical Understandings of Submission to Civil Authority, 1763–1863
“Let every soul be subject”: Northern evangelical understandings of submission to civil authority, 1763–1863 by Robert J. Clark B.A., Calvary Bible College, 1986 M.A., Dallas Theological Seminary, 1991 M.A., Wichita State University, 2007 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Department of History College of Arts and Sciences KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2017 Abstract Evangelical Christians represented a growing and influential subset of American Protestantism in the northern colonies of British America at the time of the War for Independence. Almost a century later, when southern states chose to secede from the Union, evangelical Christianity embodied the most vital expression of American religion, having been widely spread across the nation by decades of revivals. Central to their faith was a commitment to the authority of the Bible in every area of life, including political life. The New Testament seemed to command Christians to obey civil authorities. So, why did northern evangelicals overwhelmingly support the rebellion against English rule, but later criticize southern Christians for rebelling against the Union? Or why, on the other hand, were both of these actions not equally rebellious against civil authority? This dissertation argues that northern evangelical Christians employed Romans 13:1-7 between 1763 and 1863 as a political text either to resist or to promote submission to civil authority in pursuit of an America whose greatness as a democratic republic would be defined primarily by its religious character as an evangelical Protestant Christian nation. The chronological scope of this project spans the century between the end of French and Indian or Seven Years War (1763)—a crucial turning point in Colonial America’s sense of identity in relation to Great Britain—and President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation (1863)—a crucial turning point in America’s sense of identity over the issue of slavery. -
An Edwardsean Evolution: the Rise and Decline of Moral Governmental Theory in the Southern Baptist Convention
JETS 62.4 (2019): 789–802 AN EDWARDSEAN EVOLUTION: THE RISE AND DECLINE OF MORAL GOVERNMENTAL THEORY IN THE SOUTHERN BAPTIST CONVENTION OBBIE TYLER TODD* Abstract: Two ideas shaped early Southern Baptist theology more than any others: (1) God the Moral Governor works all things for his glory, and (2) in doing so, he also works for the highest good of his moral universe. While the ideas themselves did not Change, God’s moral government was an evolving ConCept. It is the aim of this artiCle to demonstrate that moral gov- ernmental theory underwent a significant transition in the incipient years of the Southern Bap- tist Convention, from a robust doctrine of atonement drawn from the Edwardsean tradition to a doctrine of providence that still emphasized the glorious display of God’s attributes and the Creator’s benevolence toward his creatures. In these early years, the question was not necessarily which “theory” of atonement Southern Baptists affirmed, but which kinds of justiCe they upheld in the atonement underneath a broad moral governmental frame. Although the Concept of mor- al government has since waned in Baptist life, its two signature principles, glory and goodness, left an indelible mark upon the Southern Baptist Convention. Key words: moral government, atonement, providenCe, penal substitution, Southern Baptist, New Divinity, glory, goodness In the American intellectual marketplace, religions and denominations have long eXchanged and been shaped by ideas. In the case of the Southern Baptist Convention, it was shaped most significantly by two: (1) God, the Moral Governor, works all things for his glory, and (2) in doing so, he also works for the highest good of his moral universe.