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The Earliest Prints and Paintings of New England Indians

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The Earliest Prints and Paintings of New England Indians Rhode Island History Pubhvhed by The Rhude leland Hrst oncal Volume 4 1, Number 3 August 1982 'iO(;lcty, \1 Powe r Streel, Providence. Rhode J~I.1n d, 029CX>, and pruned bv a ~u n l trcm t he SU IC 01 Rhode bland .1nd Provide nce Plamauons r ItI'ter h Garrahv, ('.cwernnl Contents lcsued QU.1 l1crl)' ill Providence. Rhode 1..land , Pebruar v ,\b ~', AURU H and Novem ber Second da!>~ po"URe pard The Earliest Prints and Paintings 73 at Providence, Rhode lvland of New England Indians Eduorral ott1l;C~.11 Ald uch House, WI L LIAM S . S IM MONS 110 Benevolent Street. Providence. Rhode l~l.and Oly«. Rechard F Suplc!> "re<ldtnt The Threat of Radicalism : Seward's Alden.\1 Anderso n, vice pre<ldenl Candidacy and th e Rhode Island :'\.1r.. Ed" In G, Fr",hCI, VICt presldtnt Richa rd A Sherman, vectctarv Gubernatorial Election of 1860 .\, Rachel Cunh., o.ul<tanl secretarv 'AM ES L. H USTON \itc phe n C W llh. m ~ , treasurer Alben Car lom, aH"rOnl treasurer f H l O\ll' \ {H TH l "~I ETY Book Reviews 100 C.rl Bnden baugh Svdne v V lam es Anrome ue F D{lwnln~ Corrections !OJ PUIlLICA TIOS, COM MITTE E Dr s.cct>c n I Goldtlw,ky, chonman Gordon Allen Henry L P geckwuh lr Dr Francis H, Cbafee Prot. Howard r. Cbudacutt Wenddl D Garrcn Robert Allen G reene Ted Holmberg Pamela A. Kennedy Leonard 1 Levin Alan Simp"," wm McKenz ie Wood ward W. Chesley Wo rt h m io< lo n STAn Glenn Warrell LaFama..lc, edum Maufl:cn Taylm, " ieturt· ednor Deborah S. Doolittle, c(Jl'veJum lean LeGwln, dl'SiRnC/ The Rhode ls.land H I~r otl ca l Society assumes no reepon ...bllIlYlor th e opnuon.. oj conenbutors Rhode island H, <rotf (111 ,11- 1and us pred ecessor s. Rhode ld and HalOncal Sool'ty Colltcwms t19 1!1- l \Iol l [ and Pub/lCQllOns of rh l' Rhodl' Is/and Hi storical Soclny (I !I<l1- I l}Ol 1. ar e available 10 mICrofilm irom Umversnv ,"h c ro fi l m~. 100 Nonh Zeeb Road , Ann Arbor, Mldu~n , 4t<lon Plea se wnre tor co m plete IOjormau on . Amcles appeanng 10 thr s journal arc abstracted and mdexed 10 Historical A bstrQcts and A m tnCd C 1981 by The Rhode bl.tnd Hrstoncal Soc iety Hutory and LIft . IlHODf ISLA.'lD HISTOIlY ( I~S N 001\"4 1> 1\11 rJ i', r.'- ' _,-_....... ,_ .,...•~ . C"'-._.-.._~...=-.. ~ z, t •• I fJ(, ' G , TT :z. 7 !lf.. 7' G 'i~":7 7(. £ ". ? ~ J 1 7 ? 10 10 I) I . .. (" , ., . \ 1 _ * - Cham p/am ,s cnan of FIgure I . tt' l vmoum). S nr LoUI s . I Port . (./1 V ages ( 16 J J . Les voyaget h 1 6 o ~ . from ' of me 10 n l'howgraph comLibra Us )ry Carter 8 rO\V1J The Earliest Prints and Paintings of New England Indians by William S. Simmons" Despite the Importance of Indians In carl" New Engl an d history .md '.\ tI "'lmm"n~ l~ ~ member " I the: Dep..n the co nsiderable ..mount 0 1 h istone and anthr opol oarcal research that mc m 0 1 Amhwr'<)lui/:\ Umvcrvuv "I Coi l uorma, Bcekclcv has been done n n this region. very few authe nuc pnnt -, and pam n nz .. 0 1 I Excellcn t d e ~ \ rl r tl< '" ' ~nol re r T<>­ ea rly New England Indian s arc kno.... n to exist. This r uor vis ua l recor d ducnon-, " I t he I..hn Wh nc JIJWmi/:' ca n he annbutcd to several ca uses. Perhap s m ost Im po rtant is the tact e m be tou nd In I'Jul H Hulton and nJ vrd B. Q Uinn . Th.· Am,'".',jn O r,j\\lnJ(\ ..r that Rhode Island. Massachusetts. an d Connecticut W l'TC colomced pn­ 'oh n Whll,', /\?'-/I YO \L" nJ on,m ol manly by Eng lish men and women who had been stron alv mtlucnccd Chapel HIl L N C I Y" JI, v"l~ I JnJ II Thc Chon, wa tcrcohes haw been rc­ by the values uf seventeenth-century Puntanism. For them, the pur· prod uce d In L" UI ,Chons, VIJ\ ' oJ ,~ ,' pn pose of earth ly life was to glorify God in a use ful calling, and pai nting lOu.\qu.. AurJlOlI 1 .tn ,\ !om Jc. ,j1'C"d.'\ landscapes , American Indians, or even each other did not rank hrghlv rorll,w, d.. "lUl·,j).',', d'Amenque H'an s. l"lll i. JnJ In v rccm .. SJntJ ,\ 1.111.1, in the ir estimation o f useful callmgs Sec ond. no prornment artist [such Th.. F/f'/ ~p<lnl,h torn In w 5<1n Fr<ln a... John White who painted the Algonquian people of coas tal North O ,(U B<lI. P ~\ col lohn CJlnn I" J n Fran cisco, I,,p l t Fur a nchlv rC\CJrchcd Caroli na in the late sixteenth cent ury or Louis Chon ... who pamted the JnJ aut bor uauve uvervrc....01 the cJ.rllc'l M ission Indian ... of San Francisco Bav In the ea rlv ni ne teenth centu rv l European rU:lurC\ "I North and South happened to vrsrt N ew England and de pic t Ind ian subrccrs durin g the Amcncan Indians \C'C William C. Sunre­ vam. .,f H ~1 V I~ ual Im J/tes 01 NJIl\'e mitial years of European settlement and coexiste nce with Indians. By Amenca. ~ In Fred, Ch lap l'dh er u/ . eds., the early nmetccmh centur y, when prof ess ional aru... t.. began to rak e FUll ImaJ(('\ III Am<'lKJ IBcl kc:lc)', l os Anj:c1cs.lonJ on. 1916), I. J I7 -J q ...crious interest In recording Indian appea ran ce and hfcwavs. these art­ Hugh Honour, The New Go/den ulIId ists we re more attracted to the co lor ful and autonomous nations of the Furopeun 1ma;;w' of Ame"'u hum rhe far west ern Ironner than they we re HI the acculturated Indian su rvivors lJI.,cnvCflt',\ ro th., f" "."' n1 Tlm ,. INew York, 1<)7 ';), ..ISOCllmJlnS mu ch valuable (If the heavily settled northeast. Such we ll-known painters as George maecrral on carly pllnt' and palntln):' uj Catlin, Charles Bird King, and Karl Bodmer, for exam ple. focused Amcncan lndranv 2, Reu ben Culd Th.,a nc:s, ed., Eafh' mamly on midwestern and we stern Indians, ev en though King w as J W..-eem Tra ...·I. 1?.. Ii~lS.. ~ lC ln 'c, nauve Rhode Islander and Bodmer had travelled through Providence land, 1<)Ol'o !, XXII. 17-,1> , He rm an I V, ­ and elsewhere in New England on hi s w ay to the w est ern pramc.' ola The tnaian LI"j(un ' 01 Churf/"\ Bird Kmg I.....achmgton . DC , and I"e w YOlk. It IS unlikely that w e will ev er have a san sfac torv record of the ap­ t 1/ 7" 1. Km): raml.'J orw Ne:w England tn ­ pearance of thc scv enreenth-ccntu rv Narragansett. warnpanoag. Nau­ dian, Ioseph I\>r\h (UI J'nh~ l , a Penobscot 01 \ \.amc, and one Sro c kb rrdgc. ..... I' c" n · set, .....tassachusett. Nipmuck, Niannc. Pequot. and Mnhc~an. Nor IS It ~m . Ind 'an 01 Ne:w End dnd ancc'>u\'. luhn likely that we will cver know what such prominent hl<,wTlc-pnuk.! Oumnc ~' V" ,b , In dl oJlJ LI"}1un , 110-111 ..achems as Massasolt, Philip, Cananicus, Miantonomi,Canonchl,t, Catlin a l ~ o r;unled th., two WI,c" n, m <; 1(lt:kbn J /tc pnn lan,. fohn Q u m ne)' anJ Sassacus, or Un cas looked hke, Ahhou,gh the harvest of New En ,g land Both Sldc~ "j th., R,ver Indian prints and paintin gs is small in co m parison with th e visu.l\ rl'­ so urces available in most other region s of North Amcrica , it ducs in ­ clude some im portant wo rks as we ll as some interesting ones that arc nm ..... idely known. Samuel de Cham plain (1,67-1 6 .\, I was the first Europeoln to pwndc a pictorial record of his travels aloOlo~ the New En~land coa..t l fi ~. I and 74 P R IN T ~ A r-O PAIN T IN GS OF NE W I N(;lAN U \:"' OIAN" \Sam ue l Ehm ~1om.on · s Samuel Dt fig. 21. He was not , however. the first European to visi t New England: Cbamplam. Father of ....·e'IA France (Bo slOn Giovanni dol verrazano had explored Na rragansett Ba.... in the spnng of nlJ Toronto , 1971 11S the most au thoma­ live conveni ent sou rce on Chamr la.1n's 1524, and tWO Engh sb voyagers, Banbolornew Gosnold and Mamn Ne ..' England VOyilj?;CS, Cbarnplarns manv Pring, had reached th e Massachusetts coast by I h 02 and IhO" respcc­ d u ns an d skerches are well reprod uced nvely. In th e summe r of 1(,0 5 and again In th e late summer and fall 0 1 In Ihn volume. Marshall H Saville. "Cbamplam and H IS LanJJnlts .II Cape­ 1606, Champ lam sailed trom New Bru ns...... rck to Cape Cod in sea rch 0 1 Ann.
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