Clemson University TigerPrints
All Theses Theses
5-2020
Living and Working on the Peninsula: A Study of Spatial Home and Work Location Relationships as Related to Occupations and Charleston's Historic Landscape at the Turn of the Twentieth Century
Kayleigh Anne Defenbaugh Clemson University, [email protected]
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Recommended Citation Defenbaugh, Kayleigh Anne, "Living and Working on the Peninsula: A Study of Spatial Home and Work Location Relationships as Related to Occupations and Charleston's Historic Landscape at the Turn of the Twentieth Century" (2020). All Theses. 3352. https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/all_theses/3352
This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses at TigerPrints. It has been accepted for inclusion in All Theses by an authorized administrator of TigerPrints. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LIVING AND WORKING ON THE PENINSULA: A STUDY OF SPATIAL HOME AND WORK LOCATION RELATIONSHIPS AS RELATED TO OCCUPATIONS AND CHARLESTON’S HISTORIC LANDSCAPE AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
A Thesis Presented to the Graduate Schools of Clemson University and the College of Charleston
In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science Historic Preservation
by Kayleigh Anne Defenbaugh May 2020
Accepted by: Jon Marcoux, Committee Chair Laurel Bartlett James Ward Katherine Pemberton ABSTRACT
The spatial living and working patterns of Charleston’s grocers, dry goods store owners, attorneys, physicians, conductors, and teachers between 1890 and
1910 reflect the city’s historic land use and cultural norms. Tense race relations left their mark on every part of the city’s history – including work and educational opportunities. This, in turn, further added to the physical barriers enacted as a result of the divisive Jim Crow Laws of the era.
This thesis uses GIS-mapped work and home addresses of grocers, dry goods store owners, attorneys, physicians, conductors, and teachers in 1890, 1900, and
1910 to both visually illustrate and geometrically calculate commutes and spatial residential patterns of these Charleston professionals. Correlations along the lines of occupation, sex, and race help to illuminate the historic differences between
Charleston neighborhoods. A lack of representation of African Americans in occupations and city directories, however, indicates the larger, pervasive tone concerning race and segregation in America at this time. Changes in the demographics of the professions studied at the turn of the twentieth century in
Charleston also mirror larger trends related to women’s rights and the standardization of many professional industries. Ultimately, this thesis helps to shed light on future opportunities for preservationists and planners to tell new, previously untold stories of Charleston’s past spatial relationships. Some of the occupations studied within this thesis have yet to be fully examined within the context of interaction with and movement about the Charleston peninsula.
ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I’d first like to thank my thesis committee for their tireless support of my work and commitment to ensuring the success of this thesis. Thank you, Jon
Marcoux, Laurel Bartlett, James Ward, and Katherine Pemberton. I’d also like to thank the following researchers, and historians, and archivists for their enthusiasm, encouragement, and knowledge. Thank you, Dale Rosengarten, Dee Dee Joyce,
Harlan Greene, Karen Emmons, and Nic Butler.
I am also thankful for the emotional support I received from my parents,
Brad and Kristy Defenbaugh, friends, and fellow students. I would not have been able to do this without your confidence in my abilities and belief that I should pursue what fascinates me. Thank you.
iii TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
TITLE PAGE ...... i
ABSTRACT ...... ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...... iii
LIST OF TABLES ...... vi
LIST OF FIGURES ...... vii
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION ...... 1
II. LITERATURE REVIEW ...... 7
Costly Real Estate, Dense Living, and Multi-Use Spaces ...... 7 Charleston’s Evolving Commercial Corridor ...... 11 A City Dictated by the Desires of the Social Elite ...... 14 Disasters and Migration on the Peninsula ...... 19 The “Journey to Work” in Charleston Between 1860 and 1880 ...... 20 The Relationship Between Race, Ethnicity, Social Class and Occupation...... 21 Single Working Women at the Turn of the Twentieth Century ...... 30 An Opportunity for Study – the Turn of the Twentieth Century ...... 31
III. METHODOLOGY ...... 32
Hypotheses to be Tested...... 38
IV. DATA ANALYSIS ...... 43
Grocers ...... 45 Dry Goods Store Owners ...... 51
iv Table of Contents (Continued)
Attorneys ...... 58 Physicians ...... 63 Conductors ...... 69 Teachers ...... 75
VI. CONCLUSIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE STUDY ...... 81
VII. APPENDICES ...... 87
A: All GIS-Created Maps ...... 87 B: 1890 Charleston City Directory Sample Data ...... 122 C: 1900 Charleston City Directory Sample Data ...... 164 D: 1910 Charleston City Directory Sample Data ...... 203
VI. BIBLIOGRAPHY...... 243
v LIST OF TABLES
Table Page
1 All Professions Studied - Demographic Data ...... 44
2 Grocers - Demographic Data ...... 48
3 Dry Goods Store Owners - Demographic Data ...... 55
4 Attorneys - Demographic Data ...... 60
5 Physicians - Demographic Data ...... 66
6 Conductors - Demographic Data...... 72
7 Teachers - Demographic Data ...... 78
vi LIST OF FIGURES
Figure Page
1 Charleston’s King Street corridor in 1910. Image from LOC.gov...... 4
2 Horse-drawn streetcar in Charleston in 1897. Image from Charleston County Public Library...... 5
3 Electric trolley in Charleston in 1897. Image from Charleston County Public Library...... 6
4 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston grocers’ residential locations made in GIS...... 49
5 1890, 1900, 1910 commute maps of Charleston grocers’ work and home locations made in GIS...... 50
6 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston dry goods store owners' residential locations made in GIS...... 56
7 1890, 1900, 1910 commute maps of Charleston dry goods store owners’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 57
8 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston attorneys' residential locations made in GIS...... 61
9 1890, 1900, 1910 commute maps of Charleston attorneys’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 62
10 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston physicians’ residential locations made in GIS...... 67
11 1890, 1900, 1910 commute maps of Charleston physicians’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 68
12 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston conductors’ residential locations made in GIS...... 73
vii List of Figures (Continued)
Figure Page
13 1890, 1900, 1910 commute maps of Charleston conductors’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 74
14 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston teachers’ residential locations made in GIS...... 79
15 1890, 1900, 1910 commute maps of Charleston teachers’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 80
16 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston grocers' residential locations made in GIS ...... 87
17 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston grocers' residential locations made in GIS...... 88
18 1890 commute map of Charleston grocers’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 89
19 1900 commute map of Charleston grocers’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 90
20 1910 commute map of Charleston grocers’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 91
21 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston dry goods owners’ residential locations made in GIS ...... 92
22 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston dry goods owners’ residential locations made in GIS ...... 93
23 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston dry goods owners’ residential locations made in GIS ...... 94
viii List of Figures (Continued)
Figure Page
24 1890 commute map of Charleston dry goods store owners’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 95
25 1900 commute map of Charleston dry goods store owners’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 96
26 1910 commute map of Charleston dry goods store owners’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 97
27 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston attorneys’ residential locations made in GIS ...... 98
28 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston attorneys' residential locations made in GIS...... 99
29 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston attorneys’ residential locations made in GIS...... 100
30 1890 commute map of Charleston attorneys’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 101
31 1900 commute map of Charleston attorneys’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 102
32 1910 commute map of Charleston attorneys’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 103
33 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston physicians’ residential locations made in GIS ...... 104
34 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston physicians' residential locations made in GIS...... 105
ix List of Figures (Continued)
Figure Page
35 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston physicians’ residential locations made in GIS...... 106
36 1890 commute map of Charleston physicians’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 107
37 1900 commute map of Charleston physicians’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 108
38 1910 commute map of Charleston physicians’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 109
39 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston conductors’ residential locations made in GIS ...... 110
40 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston conductors’ residential locations made in GIS...... 111
41 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston conductors’ residential locations made in GIS...... 112
42 1890 commute map of Charleston conductors’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 113
43 1900 commute map of Charleston conductors’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 114
44 1910 commute map of Charleston conductors’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 115
45 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston teachers’ residential locations made in GIS ...... 116
x List of Figures (Continued)
Figure Page
46 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston teachers’ residential locations made in GIS...... 117
47 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston teachers’ residential locations made in GIS...... 118
48 1890 commute map of Charleston teachers’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 119
49 1900 commute map of Charleston teachers’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 120
50 1910 commute map of Charleston teachers’ work and home locations made in GIS ...... 121
xi CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
Many Americans today experience some kind of daily commute to work in some capacity. Many even use this commute as a large consideration when making significant life decisions including the purchase of a home and commitments to rental, lease, or loan agreements. According to economist and author of Triumph of the City, Edward Glaeser, today’s Americans’ average commute by car and public transportation is 24 minutes and 48 minutes, respectively. Despite the fact that advancements in technology have made it easier for us to work remotely, Americans are working harder than ever to live in large urban environments, close to work.1
While the concept of a “commute” may be a relatively modern concept, one can still aim to understand it in a historical context. In Charleston, before the widespread use of the automobile, one’s means of getting to and from work has varied along socioeconomic dividing lines. For some, a solution was living and working in the same building and for others walking to work was a part of daily life.
Some people used affordable public transportation in the form of the horse-drawn streetcars of Charleston’s street railway, established in 1866, to move about the peninsula.2 Thirty-one years later, in 1897, advancements in technology allowed for an adaptation of the street railway systems to a trolley system, powered by
1 Edward Glaeser, “Viewpoint: Triumph of the City,” Journal of Transport and Land Use 5, no. 2 (2012): 1–4. https://www.jstor.org/stable/26201687. Glaeser also argues that advancements in technology actually make the need for face-to-face communication and interaction more important rather than irrelevant. Glaeser says that a desire to learn from one another, and to be in the same room while doing so, is a large contributing factor of rising urban populations trends. 2 Nic Butler, “The Rise of Streetcars and Trolleys in Charleston,” Charleston Time Machine, May 24, 2019, https://www.ccpl.org/charleston-time-machine/rise-streetcars-and-trolleys-charleston.
1 electricity.3 This efficient new system reached more areas of the peninsula and made even more workers mobile in Charleston’s urban landscape.4 For privileged or wealthier individuals, private horse-drawn carriages, and later “Locomobiles,” could allow one to escape to a home away from the busy industrial areas and urban core of the city at the end of the day. “Locomobiles,” or early automobiles arrived in
Charleston in 1900 and by 1901 George Lanneau was selling them out of his bicycle shop on King Street. While these early automobiles were popular, there were only
100 automobiles in Charleston by 1907 and 500 by the spring of 1912. It was not until after the first World War that automobiles became an option for a more diverse group of Charlestonians.5
By using Charleston city directory entries from 1890, 1900, and 1910, this thesis identifies the home and work locations of physicians, attorneys, grocers, dry goods store owners (including clothiers), conductors, and teachers between 1890 and 1910. Specifically, this thesis seeks to answer the following questions regarding these individuals:
Is there an observable correlation between where these individuals lived and worked between 1890 and 1910 in Charleston? Did one's occupation possibly influence the choice to live in a certain area on the peninsula? Where, specifically, did grocers, owners of dry goods stores, clothiers, attorneys, physicians, conductors,
3 Butler, “The Rise of Streetcars and Trolleys in Charleston.” 4 Butler, “The Rise of Streetcars and Trolleys in Charleston.” 5 Nic Butler, “The Decline of Charleston’s Streetcars,” Charleston Time Machine, May 31, 2019, https://www.ccpl.org/charleston-time-machine/decline-charlestons-streetcars-0.
2 and teachers live and work in Charleston between 1890 and 1910? And finally, are there any observable patterns among these distributions over time and across occupations?
By mapping pre-selected individuals’ home and work locations in GIS, this thesis identifies any spatial live/work relationships for these occupations and any changes between 1890 and 1910 by identifying the distance between home and work locations. These spatial relationships could have significant implications for the field of historic preservation as such correlations, or lack thereof, could offer insight into changes in Charleston’s cultural landscape, building use, architectural styles and adaptations, and the development of the peninsula through time.6
Thus, by mapping the historic locations of specific individuals, we can begin to understand today’s concept of a commute within the framework of historic spatial relationships in Charleston. Furthermore, by consulting the data available to us concerning Charleston’s residential and commercial building relationships and the lives of these buildings’ historical inhabitants, we can begin to paint a picture of social and spatial relationships in historic Charleston - relationships that ultimately helped to form the foundation of the Charleston we know today.
6 However, it should be noted that this work only offers insight into part of the story - namely the story of certain individuals of a specific socioeconomic status whose work location was fixed. These individuals also tended to be white. This thesis does not tell the story of individuals of lower socioeconomic status whose work location was more transient and whose race was often labeled as “colored.” The study of such individuals in future research is highly encouraged.
3
Figure 1: Charleston’s King Street corridor in 1910. Image from LOC.gov.
4
Figure 2: Horse-drawn streetcar in Charleston in 1897. Image from Charleston County Public Library.
5
Figure 3: Electric trolley in Charleston in 1897. Image from Charleston County Public Library.
6 CHAPTER TWO: LITERATURE REVIEW
Before choosing an area of concentration regarding historic occupations and living patterns in Charleston, a review of existing literature on Charleston’s historical land use, neighborhood development, social hierarchies, demographic data, and race relations was conducted. As common themes in the literature emerged, so did areas for further exploration - including the study of the relationship between residential and work locations for Charlestonians in specific occupations at the turn of the twentieth century.
Though much of the below literature touched on the topic, only one source thoroughly and consistently discussed correlations between live/work connections for certain occupations in Charleston.7 However, the literature had yet to address the turn of the twentieth century, specifically, 1890 to 1910. Finally, occupations previously studied in the reviewed literature were considered in light of potential opportunities for further study.
COSTLY REAL ESTATE, DENSE LIVING, AND MULTI-USE SPACES
In 1986, archaeologist Martha A. Zierden and historian Jeanne A. Calhoun studied trends in urban adaptation between the years 1780 and 1820 in Charleston using historical data and local archeological evidence. In “Urban Adaptation in
Charleston, South Carolina, 1780-1820” Zierden and Calhoun suggested that a “high cost of desirable land in the commercial core of the city” combined with a large
7 This source, John Price Radford’s 1974 dissertation, “Culture, Economy and Urban Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880,” included the study of doctors, lawyers, commission merchants, employees of commission merchants, bookkeepers, smiths, and porters.
7 population dictated the need for buildings and lots to perform many functions for
Charlestonians. Lots and buildings had to meet both the residential and commercial needs of their owners and inhabitants. Historically, Charlestonians used their land within the dense commercial core of the city efficiently by creating long, narrow lots that “maximiz[ed] the street frontage available” - a set up that also allowed for both a main house and many outbuildings behind it. These outbuildings or dependencies could house the enslaved, livestock, and other “commercial enterprises” of the lots’ inhabitants. Early on, Charlestonians also often located their businesses on the first floor of the main house, thus creating a tight-knit relationship between work and private life.8
In 1987, a grant from the City of Charleston and a matching Historic
Preservation grant from the U.S. Department of the Interior allowed researchers
Dale Rosengarten, Martha Zierden, Kimberly Grimes, Ziyadah Owusu, Elizabeth
Alston, and Will Williams III to study the history of Charleston’s East Side. As a result, their published work, Between the Tracks: Charleston’s East Side During the
Nineteenth Century, offered valuable insights into the development of the Charleston
Neck. In regard to specific lot and building organization, Between the Tracks researchers suggested that “the yard of a prominent family might contain slave quarters, privies, well, cistern, kitchen, and stables and sheds for livestock.”
Additionally, the number outbuildings likely correlated to the economic status of a
8 Martha A. Zierden and Jeanne A. Calhoun, “Urban Adaptation in Charleston, South Carolina, 1730– 1820,” Historical Archaeology 20, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 29–43, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03374059.
8 family. For example, low- and middle-class families may have shared privies, wells, and cisterns and even poorer families may have had “no such amenities of their own.”9
“Between the Tracks” researchers asserted that a critical factor of the social and spatial environment of early Charleston was the fact that all social classes and races lived together in a dense and crowded urban habitat. The enslaved were usually “domestic servants, who had no choice but to live in close proximity to their masters,” either in the outbuildings behind the main house or in nearby alleys or courts which intersected the wider, main thoroughfares of the city. These enslaved individuals were owned by Charleston’s powerful social elite - a class of usually native-born, South Carolinian merchants and planters whose wealth afforded them the autonomy to choose where to live on the peninsula, a liberty unknown by their enslaved domestic servants. Such close proximity demanded “rigid rules of decorum, a sense of place, and wide disparities in standards of living” to maintain a clear division between the enslavers and the enslaved. In a time when a focus on gentility was paramount, “the social distance between classes was great” and was
“consciously reinforced by differences of dress, speech, and manners.”10
Much like Zierden and Calhoun’s discussion of creative land use driven by the densely packed nature of the peninsula, Between the Tracks researchers pointed out that some Charlestonians also used space efficiently by living and working in the
9 Dale Rosengarten and Martha Zierden, et al, Between the Tracks: Charleston’s East Side During the Nineteenth Century, (Charleston, SC: The Charleston Museum, 1987), 34. 10 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 9, 75, 54, 93.
9 same building. For example, craftspeople and those whose “trades demanded little space” often worked in the same building they lived in. The vernacular architecture of corner stores, often owned by German immigrants, in addition to retail stores on
King Street, often owned by Jewish immigrants, allowed owners to live on the second floor of the building and work out of the first floor.11
This live/work relationship was expanded on by Howard Davis, a professor of architecture at the University of Oregon, in his 2012 book, Living Over the Store:
Architecture and Local Urban Life. Davis specifically examined the “economic and social factors [...] shared across cultures,” internationally, that contribute to the ubiquitous existence of the “urban shop/house.” This building type, which incorporates both a space for commercial and residential use, was defined by Davis in many ways - as a “shop/house,” a “live/work building,” and a “mixed-use” building. Davis also identified this building type as both vernacular-in-style and prevalent across cultures internationally. Davis’ analysis and coverage of these buildings included Venice, Paris, Amsterdam, London, New York, Hong Kong,
Bangkok, ancient Rome, and many other cities. Davis asserted that the “hybrid urban practice” of shop/houses in bustling urban centers has brought together diverse socioeconomic groups and occupations throughout time and across the globe. Thus, Davis consequently argued that the significance of this building type and its impact on the core of many cities globally, in both historic and in modern
11 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 21, 17-20.
10 societies, should be thoughtfully considered by architectural historians, preservationists, city planners, developers, architects and policy makers.12
CHARLESTON’S EVOLVING COMMERCIAL CORRIDOR
Prior to their work on “Urban Adaptation in Charleston, South Carolina,
1780-1820,” archeologist Martha A. Zierden and historian Jeanne A. Calhoun collaborated on a study in which newspaper advertisements by Charleston merchants from the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries were used to identify a commercial corridor in Charleston. Zierden and Calhoun noted a shift from an east- west orientation and a focus on the waterfront of the Charleston peninsula in the eighteenth century to a north-south orientation and a focus on King Street as the main commercial corridor of the Charleston peninsula in the nineteenth century.
The increasing prosperity of Charleston planters and the possibilities of their excessive expendable wealth led to the introduction or growth of many industries, a shift towards more differentiated residential and commercial neighborhoods, and, as a consequence, a reorientation of the city.13
“Between the Tracks” researchers also pointed out a focus on the waterfront in the eighteenth century as Broad, Tradd, and Elliott streets acted as the preferred location of many merchants and craftsmen as the streets aligned with the wharves on East Bay Street. Shipments obviously arrived at the bay, and while the city was
12 Howard Davis, Living Over the Store: Architecture and Local Urban Life (New York: Routledge, 2012). 13 Jeanne A. Calhoun and Martha A. Zierden, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860 (Charleston, S.C.: Charleston Museum, 1984).
11 generally quite walkable, the cost of transportation was great. Thus, merchants were eager to settle their working headquarters on streets aligned with or oriented to the wharves on East Bay Street. On the other hand, the northern part of the peninsula, north of Calhoun Street, was slower to develop as it could not boast of the same pedestrian nature as the rest of the city during this time.14 Furthermore, the
Charleston City Railway Company did not introduce horse cars, the street railway system, until 1866.15 It was not until 1897 that the street railway system transitioned to electrified trolleys.16
Zierden and Calhoun suggested that flooding and poor road conditions were daily Charleston hazards that likely contributed to “exorbitant cartage costs” in the eighteenth century. In fact, merchants often advertised goods at a discount if “the buyer would pick up his purchases on the wharf and demand neither delivery nor the elegance of a store.” At this time in the eighteenth century, Charleston wharves included docks and buildings with merchandise that acted as “lively places of trade” for factors, commission merchants, retailers and local residents.17
In addition to a reorientation to King Street from the waterfront, Zierden and
Calhoun also noted a substantial decrease in the number of businesses in the area south of Broad Street in the nineteenth century - an area also known as the
14 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 7. 15 Bernard E. Powers, “Community Evolution and Race Relations in Reconstruction Charleston, South Carolina,” The South Carolina Historical Magazine 101, no. 3 (2000): 214–33, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27570448. 16 Butler, “The Rise of Streetcars and Trolleys in Charleston.” 17 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 27-30.
12 neighborhood named South of Broad.18 In the mid to late eighteenth century,
Charleston planters, merchants, “and even prosperous mechanics” had developed lots south of Broad Street on “lower Meeting Street, East and South Bay Streets, and newly developing thoroughfares such as Legare Street” as both the location for their personal homes and for tenement houses that could offer consistent revenue from rent as a return on investment.19 By the nineteenth century, Broad Street acted as a popular location for lawyers and auctioneers, however, Tradd, Church, and Elliott streets in the South of Broad neighborhood lost the commercial significance they once had in the eighteenth century.20 Specifically, Tradd Street only claimed less than half of 1% of Charleston retailers by 1830-1835, a distinct decline from earlier numbers, and Church and Elliott Streets were “insignificant in terms of retail businesses for the entire period of 1805-1860.”21 On the other hand, King Street, an unpaved wagon road in the Colonial period,22 was growing in popularity amongst retailers and by 1825-1830, it was the location of “24.7% of the retailers, the highest percentage shown on any location.”23 By 1845-1850, King Street was the predominant location for retailers even with the numbers for East Bay Street and the wharves combined.24
18 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 27-30. 19 Jonathan H. Poston, The Buildings of Charleston: A Guide to the City’s Architecture (Columbia, S.C.: University of South Carolina, 1997), 197. 20 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 50. 21 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 50. More precisely, Tradd Street only claimed .33% of Charleston retailers by 1830-1835. 22 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 17. 23 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 50. 24 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 38.
13 A CITY DICTATED BY THE DESIRES OF THE SOCIAL ELITE
A common theme found in all of the above literature is that the liberty to live where one wished in Charleston was made possible through monetary wealth. In the mid-eighteenth century, rice planters established homes for themselves on the
Battery within the South of Broad neighborhood and other kinds of planters carved out space along the Ashley and Cooper Rivers. It was believed that “bad air” caused disease and that a sea breeze could help act as a “tonic” against Charleston’s poor sanitation practices. Lower class citizens, the enslaved, and free people of color had no choice but to take up residence in the narrow alleys and courts that were not chosen by the wealthy.25
In fact, wealth not only provided the opportunity to choose where to live, but also the power to dictate who could live nearby. Wealthy Charlestonians in the antebellum era believed that both the “lesser” citizens (including the enslaved, free people of color, and lower-class whites) and the alleys they lived in were “an impediment to the cleansing sweep of sea breezes, cesspools of disease, fire hazards, and general nuisances.” Consequently, the Charleston elite often “petitioned to have
[...] alleys cleaned, widened, and, [...] cleared out,” with the last detail referring to both the “foul matter” and the “lesser” people.26
In addition to the waterfront, Charleston’s upper class, which included
“successful professionals and wealthy merchants” in addition to planters, also
25 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 58, 50. 26 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 50-55.
14 favored houses and lots “within sight and sound” of St. Michael’s Episcopal Church.27
By 1860, St. Michael’s served as the preferred “place of worship of a sizable portion of the upper class.”28 Surely attracted to the location as a symbol of status, the upper class was also drawn to the comfort brought by the bells and warning lights offered by the church in the case of fire and “arson by slaves.”29 Furthermore, the other three corners of Broad and Meeting streets opposite St. Michael’s were occupied by the Guard House, the Court House, and City Hall. According to Zierden and Calhoun, the four corners combined to create the “physical embodiment of social control in Charleston.”30 Not surprisingly, most of the houses “within sight and sound” of this powerful place “stayed in the family” and were “seldom offered for sale to outsiders.”31 The houses within sight and sound of Charleston’s “Four
Corners of Law” fall within areas known today as South of Broad, Harleston Village, and the French Quarter.
So if one was pushed out of the alleys and courts near the upper class and was not welcome to buy-in, even when monetary means allowed, where did one go?
The answer was the Charleston Neck - a kind of unofficial home of Charleston’s unwanted. The Charleston Neck, or the area of the peninsula north of Calhoun
27 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 50-51. 28 John Price Radford, “Culture, Economy, and Urban Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860- 1880,” Ph.D. dissertation, (Clark University, 1974), 194. 29 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 50-51. 30 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 50-51. 31 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 50-51.
15 Street,32 encapsulated the four upper wards of Charleston. Today these upper four wards are typically known as the Mazyck-Wraggborough, Radcliffeborough,
Eastside, and Cannonborough-Elliotborough neighborhoods.
Initially a home to Charleston’s pungent and unsavory occupations (including the work of tanners, butchers, tallow chandlers, and dairymen), the Neck became an attractive option for newly liberated African Americans and enslaved individuals allowed to live away from their enslavers in the nineteenth century. Lower rents and less police surveillance appealed to the enslaved and free people of color while more affordable real estate in conjunction with a lack of laws against building in wood appealed to those who had enough money to build, but not enough money to build in brick.33
The first significant residential development of the Neck, particularly in the
Eastside or the Village of Hampstead, was with the large houses of Charleston planters in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Eventually, the originally spacious lots of the upper wards in the Charleston Neck were subdivided and became a popular place for merchants, manufacturers, attorneys, and physicians who wanted to build or rent more substantial houses. Contrastingly,
“artisans, tradesmen, and merchants lived in more modest houses, above shops, or in ‘workers cottages’ built by their employers.”34 Finally, in the nineteenth century,
32 Present day Calhoun Street was originally called Boundary Street until 1850, when the boundaries of the city were pushed north. 33 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 21, 9-27. 34 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 9.
16 Charleston’s upper class “virtually forced” enslaved and free people of color into the
Neck in an effort to free the southernmost part of the peninsula of overcrowding and pollution.35
This trend toward a more socioeconomically divided peninsula with Calhoun
Street acting as a dividing line was also reflected in data on the nineteenth century presented by researchers in both Charleston’s Commercial Landscape and Between the Tracks. By 1859 and 1860, “manual workers and those considered destitute”36 and almost two thirds of free persons of color37 were located north of Calhoun
Street, or “uptown,” while 83% of wholesale merchants, one of the elite branches of the mercantile profession, lived south of Calhoun Street, or “downtown.”38
Between the Tracks researchers also discussed the multitude of factors that contributed to these changes to the Neck. Between the 1820s and 1860s, Charleston experienced industrialization, advances in transportation (including the introduction of both the street railway system and railroad companies), rapid in- migration (especially of Irish, German, and Jewish immigrants), and specialization of merchant businesses. All of the above drove a new “functional differentiation in the use of space” both in buildings and neighborhoods. Specifically, the South Carolina
Railroad and Northeastern Railroad, moved to the Neck between King and Meeting
Streets. This allowed “iron foundries, car manufacturers, and a new gas works” to
35 Radford, “Culture, Economy, and Urban Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880,” 196. 36 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 50. 37 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 73. 38 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 55.
17 strategically place themselves “between the tracks.” These new industries
(including the railroad industry), drew “white mechanics and Irish immigrants” to the Neck. This unfortunately, however, led to tense race relations as these white immigrants often competed with enslaved African Americans for industrial jobs.39
In her 2002 dissertation, “White, Worker, and Confederate: Irish Workers’
Constructed Identity in Late Antebellum Charleston, South Carolina,” Dee Dee Joyce discussed these tense race relations in late antebellum Charleston. Free people of color “dominated skilled working positions” and Irish immigrants “competed with hired-out slaves for unskilled jobs.” In an effort for social inclusion in their new home, Irish immigrants lived close together in “racially segregated streets and courts” or in boarding houses with other English-speaking males in the Fifth Ward.
These Irish workmen immigrated to Southern port cities like Charleston in the
1850s as Northeastern American cities threatened “overcrowding, unemployment and starvation.”40
By 1861, the number of Charleston free African Americans, Germans, and
Irish males was essentially equal, but the number of enslaved African Americans outnumbered all of them. Free African Americans held skilled positions and German immigrants took the leftover skilled working-class occupations, like grocers. On the other hand, Irish immigrants were unskilled and therefore competed with enslaved
39 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 93, 22, 34. 40 Dee Dee Joyce, “White, Worker, Irish, and Confederate: Irish Workers’ Constructed Identity in Late Antebellum Charleston, South Carolina,” Ph.D. dissertation, (State University of New York at Binghamton, 2002), iv, v, 311.
18 individuals for manual labor jobs. This competition, along with a deep desire for social inclusion, led to many Irish to identify with a “proslavery, racist ideology of the inferior black” and work to push enslaved African Americans out of unskilled occupations. These working-class Irish immigrants’ desire for social inclusion was formed from their past experience as a socially excluded group in Ireland during the famine. Thus, wounds from their past drove working-class Irish Americans to fight for work opportunities in ways that deepened an already great social and racial division within the city.41
DISASTERS AND MIGRATION ON THE PENINSULA
While industrialization brought new employment opportunities, it also brought pollution and exacerbated dense living situations, contributing to a low quality of life and dangerous living situation for many Charlestonians. Historically crowded living circumstances had directly led to or inadvertently worsened many devastating Charleston fires - a disaster that constantly plagued Charleston. Major
Charleston fires took place in 1740, 1778, 1796, 1835, 1838, and 1861.42 As if this was not enough, the peninsula’s location and low-lying nature made it the victim of many hurricanes and constant flooding that destroyed buildings along the waterfront. Naturally, such conditions most likely “provided a catalyst for people to move to different locations on the peninsula on multiple occasions over the course of time.”43
41 Joyce, “White, Worker and Confederate,” 312-314. 42 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 96. 43 Martha A. Zierden, “Urban Adaptation in Charleston, South Carolina, 1730–1820.”
19 THE “JOURNEY TO WORK” IN CHARLESTON BETWEEN 1860 AND 1880
In his 1974 dissertation, “Culture, Economy and Urban Structure in
Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880,” John Price Radford studied the “journey to work” of Charleston’s doctors, lawyers, commission merchants and their employees, bookkeepers, smiths, and porters in 1860 and 1880 using city directory listings.
Radford concluded that in 1860, “the average length of the journey-to-work tended to decrease with decreasing occupational status,” but that “proximity to employment” was not a “dominant factor” in residential patterns. Contributing to his conclusion was the fact that the places of work and residences of “lower status occupations,” such as smiths, were farther away from the commercial core and closer to more industrial areas at the edges of the city.44
“Journey to work” patterns found in the 1860 directory included wholesale merchants as the most centralized in the city with work locations at the wharves and on East Bay Street. Physicians were the second most centralized. Lawyers showed a preference for Radcliffeborough, Rutledge Avenue, and the center of the city with work locations on Broad Street. Bookkeepers and employees of commission merchants were “well represented” in the “central area” of the peninsula like commission merchants. Radford also found employees were often related to their employers and often lived at their employer’s home. Finally, smiths’
44 Radford, “Culture, Economy and Urban Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880,” 180- 189. Radford noted a limitation of his study - many individuals did not list the location of their work in 1860 for various reasons. For example, physicians worked from home and porters’ place of work was different each day.
20 residences and work locations were found at the northern and eastern portions of the city.45
Radford also found that these patterns had not changed much by 1880, well after the end of the Civil War. Commission merchants still tended to be centralized with their work locations on the wharves and East Bay Street. Lawyers’ offices were still on Broad Street, but the locations of the offices had spread more across Broad
Street in both directions. However, the average “length of the journey-to-work increased slightly from 0.40 miles to 0.45 miles” from 1860 to 1880 for the occupations studied. Specifically, this distance increased for doctors and commission merchants but decreased for lawyers.46
THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN RACE, ETHNICITY, SOCIAL CLASS AND
OCCUPATION
Along with the consideration of neighborhood development, Between the
Tracks researchers also focused on the development of certain occupations.
Specifically, census data from the mid-nineteenth century offered insights into the relationship between race and occupation in historic Charleston. While the census failed to include “significant numbers of Negro men who lived and worked in a
45 Radford, “Culture, Economy and Urban Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880,” 177- 189. 46 Radford, “Culture, Economy and Urban Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880,” 240, 266-278. Radford additionally pointed out that the new inclusion of African American Charlestonians and race distinctions in the directory allowed for the study of employees of commission merchants along the lines of race. Nonwhite employees’ distance traveled was 0.15 miles, or 300 yards, greater than their white counterparts. While 300 yards may seem small, Radford stated that “it is nevertheless equal to exactly one third of the mean distance traveled by all members of the representative occupations.” This pattern was also found among smiths and porters as well.
21 transient fashion,” it did help to define the occupations of bricklayers, barbers, boatsmen, and mechanics as all-black occupations in the mid-nineteenth century.
Additionally, the majority of carpenters, tailors, bakers, butchers, cooks, fishermen, ship carpenters, coachmen, draymen, porters, half of blacksmiths, and two thirds of coopers were black. The enslaved specifically dominated the work of plasterers, wharf builders, and painters. Whereas, white individuals appeared to “monopolize” any “jobs requiring literacy, long apprenticeships, or commercial dealing with the public.” Both masonry and stone cutting occupations claimed an all-white status.47
For women, the garment industry also proved divisive along the lines of race.
In census records, free women of color accounted for “over half of the seamstresses and mantua makers in the lower wards in 1848” and in the East Side in 1860.
Milliners, however, were predominantly white women with 86 percent in 1848 and
91 percent in 1860 “of all milliners on the East Side” defined as white females.
Although typically an industry that would only provide a less-than-average income, in Charleston-proper, those in the garment industry thrived as “stylish and expensive clothes were in greater demand.”48
Indeed, professional and economic growth was not only a potential for white men, rather, it had finally become a possibility for free people of color. Carpenters, blacksmiths, coppersmiths, cabinet makers, and coopers only required minimal upfront investment or capital in the “form of tools” and “their skills were in great
47 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 48, 50. 48 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 81.
22 demand.” This meant that many could attain middle class status or even rise above this by establishing larger businesses through the purchase of enslaved individuals.
In fact, many “well-to-do” free people of color became so wealthy that their status was often “closer to white slave owners than to slaves.”49
The Civil War acted as a catalyst of change in terms of social and spatial relationships in most American cities. However, the effects of the Civil War on
Charleston appeared to only be visible in the form of literal ruins and poverty.
Zierden and Calhoun (both in their 1982 Charleston’s Commercial Landscape and their 1986 “Urban Adaptation” work) and Between the Tracks researchers both addressed this theme of stagnation. Throughout the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, prior to the Civil War, Charleston was arguably, “the most important urban center” in the United States.50 However, trends towards economic stagnation and a lack of movement within the city were exacerbated by the Civil War.
Devastation from fires and a complete halt of new construction were reflected in the fact that tax assessment on real estate values in 1900 “equaled only half of the 1870 assessment.”51 This is particularly astounding considering the fact that in 1870, the
“lower, burned part of the city was still in ruins.”52 Additionally, while many other
Southern cities saw changes in the way that races lived together or separately,
49 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 82-92. 50 Zierden, “Urban Adaptation in Charleston, South Carolina, 1730–1820.” 51 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 29. 52 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 142.
23 Charleston, on the other hand, saw no observable change to the “deeply embedded trends” of highly divided social classes living physically side by side.53
In 2003, historian John N. Ingham studied city directories between 1880 and
1915 at roughly ten-year intervals to determine “residential segregation patterns” of ten southern cities including Atlanta, Birmingham, Charleston, Durham, Memphis,
Nashville, New Orleans, Richmond, Savannah, and Washington, D.C. Ultimately,
Ingham found that Charleston, unlike the other nine southern cities studied, never established “independent African American neighborhoods” and thus also did not develop “significant numbers of black-owned businesses” that were found in other cities between 1880 and 1915. Rather, African American Charlestonians were found living and working all over the peninsula. In 1910, numbers of African Americans ranged between 34 percent to 72 percent for each Charleston ward, indicating the kind of non-segregated living patterns observed before the Civil War.54
Though Charleston did have some African American owned businesses, these businesses generally catered to white customers rather than a strong black customer base like other southern cities during this time. In the 1881 Charleston
City Directory, African Americans “controlled 87 percent of the 52 barbershops in the city” but they were “located on white business streets and serviced only the white trade.” African American-owned Charleston businesses also accounted for
53 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860, 55. 54 John N. Ingham, "Building Businesses, Creating Communities: Residential Segregation and the Growth of African American Business in Southern Cities, 1880-1915," The Business History Review 77, no. 4 (2003): 642-644, http://www.jstor.org/stable/30041232.
24 “65 percent of butcher shops, 60 percent of the boot- and shoe-repair shops, and 58 percent of the tailors” in 1881. Again, however, the main customers of these businesses were white as a predominant African American neighborhood had not developed. Though not a majority, there were some African American professionals who did cater to a “mostly black population” - these included black lawyers, physicians, and J.A. Robinson’s undertaking parlor. These professionals were exceptions to the traditionally dominated black occupations that were still dominated by the black population in 1900, including barbers, shoemakers, butchers, tailors, and dressmakers.55
Ultimately, a time of highly tense race relations meant that many white customers looked to shop at white-owned businesses. This left few options for
African American Charlestonians and business owners to relocate to a new area on the peninsula. Even by 1915, unlike the other nine southern cities studied,
Charleston “had no black business district, no locally based black insurance firm, and no black bank.”56
In “A History of the Chinese in Charleston,” anthropologist Jian Li also illustrated the correlation between ethnicity, social status, and occupations in late nineteenth century and early twentieth century Charleston. Specifically, Li used
Charleston city directories from the 1870s to the 1940s to study the role that
55 Ingham, “Residential Segregation and the Growth of African American Business in Southern Cities," 645, 648, 650. 56 Ingham, “Residential Segregation and the Growth of African American Business in Southern Cities," 664.
25 ethnicity played for Chinese immigrants looking to work in Charleston. Like
Between the Tracks researchers, Li found that in nineteenth-century Charleston, there were heavy correlations between certain occupations and certain social groups - or rather, there was a distinct and observable divide in occupations. The occupations of bankers, doctors, lawyers, merchants, and planters were monopolized by wealthy whites who were born in the south.57
In fact, Between the Tracks researchers, found that “the wealthier the person, the greater likelihood that she or he was born in the South.”58 On the other hand,
“lower-end professional positions in the clerical and commercial work force” were options for the lower-class whites born in the south. Non-southern born whites, a group of people that included European immigrants, worked manual labor and industrial jobs alongside free people of color.59 While many European immigrants accounted for “the majority of unskilled laborers,” in Wards 5 and 7 in the Neck, these men also formed “a third of the skilled labor force.” This can be observed in the demographics of “skilled white railroad employees,” like conductors, in which
European immigrants comprised 26 percent of 61 such employees.60 With regards to the Chinese, Li found that they carved out a place for themselves in the laundry industry, as the grocery industry, an industry historically dominated by the Chinese
57 Jian Li, “A History of the Chinese in Charleston,” The South Carolina Historical Magazine 99, no. 1 (1998): 34–65, https://www.jstor.org/stable/27570280. 58 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 124. 59 Li, “A History of the Chinese in Charleston,” 45. 60 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks, 127.
26 in other American cities, was already monopolized by German immigrants in
Charleston.61
Dale Rosengarten, historian, founding director of the Jewish Heritage
Collection at the College of Charleston Library, and one of the researchers involved in Between the Tracks, also thoroughly studied the history of Jewish Charleston.
Much like Li’s discussion of Charleston immigrants, 2002’s A Portion of the People:
Three Hundred Years of Southern Jewish Life, a work edited by Rosengarten, highlighted the immigration of Jewish Europeans to Charleston during a period of mass migration between 1880 and 1912. Charleston’s Jewish population “more than doubled, growing from eight hundred to two thousand people” at the turn of the twentieth century as 2.5 million Jewish immigrants relocated to America. So many of these immigrants settled “north of Calhoun and west of King Streets” that the neighborhood became known as “Little Jerusalem.” Some Jewish immigrants were peddlers and many others opened retail stores on King Street, often specializing in “dry goods, furniture, shoe-repair, and tailor shops; hardware, jewelry, and secondhand stores; mattress factories; groceries and delicatessens.”
This part of upper King Street was so dense with stores run by Jewish immigrants that “at one time some forty stores [...] were closed on Saturday, in observance of the
Jewish Sabbath.” Finally, in terms of their live/work relationship, Jewish families often initially lived in the apartments over their retail stores on King Street. These
61 Li, “A History of the Chinese in Charleston,” 37-41.
27 families often later moved to Charleston single houses on nearby streets after finding success with their small businesses.62
In a further discussion of Jewish Charleston, a recent project connected with
College of Charleston Libraries’ Special Collections, Sarah Fick, Alyssa Neely, Harlan
Greene, Dale Rosengarten, Shari Rabin, Jack Alterman, and Jerry Spiller, worked together to “map” the “shifting geographical distribution of Jews and Jewish institutions across the urban landscape” from the colonial era to the present day.
Using historic maps dated to 1788, 1833, and 1910 as their foundation, the project illustrated Jews’ significant influence on living and working patterns of historic
Charleston. This was particularly true at the turn of the twentieth century as many new Jewish immigrants lived and worked in retail spaces on King Street - the area described as “Little Jerusalem” in A Portion of the People.63
At the turn of the nineteenth century there were “more than fifty Jewish households in Charleston” with “nearly half” living on King Street, which was rapidly gaining recognition as the new commercial corridor of the city.64 Specific turn of the nineteenth century Jewish occupations included “four Jewish auctioneers, one factor, one cigar maker, a carpenter, a blacksmith, a baker, one artist, a ‘Jewish
62 A Portion of the People: Three Hundred Years of Southern Jewish Life, edited by Theodore Rosengarten and Dale Rosengarten (Columbia, S.C: University of South Carolina Press, 2002), 146, 154. 63 Special Collections, College of Charleston Libraries, “Mapping Jewish Charleston,” https://mappingjewishcharleston.cofc.edu. 64 College of Charleston Libraries, “Mapping Jewish Charleston, Circa 1788,” https://mappingjewishcharleston.cofc.edu/1788/. This reorientation to King Street was described earlier in my discussion of Zierden and Calhoun’s Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860.
28 butcher,’ three merchants, one schoolmaster, one scrivener (clerk), and twenty-four shopkeepers.”65
By 1820, Charleston claimed 600 Jews - “the largest Jewish population in
North America” at the time. Similar to their occupations in the eighteenth century,
“Mapping Jewish Charleston,” specifically described these 1820s Jews as
“merchants, blacksmiths, journalists, teachers, seamstresses, and public servants.”
Accepted as white by the general Charleston population, about 83 percent of Jewish
Charlestonians owned slaves in 1830. This statistic offers insight into the relative economic status of the Jewish population as it was “a rate comparable with that of the city’s non-Jews, including free people of color.”66
In between 1907 and 1920, South Carolina’s Jewish population grew from
“2,500 to 5,060.” Again much like A Portion of the People’s description of twentieth century Jewish Charleston, “Mapping of Jewish Charleston” described Jewish merchants that worked first as peddlers and then as small business owners, living and working in retail stores on upper King Street or “single houses a block west on
St. Philip Street.”67 The upper King Street buildings were either two or three stories and access to the upper-floor apartments was separate from retail areas on the ground floor. Furthermore, the densest concentration of the Jewish population on
65 College of Charleston Libraries, “Mapping Jewish Charleston, Circa 1788,” https://mappingjewishcharleston.cofc.edu/1788/. 66 College of Charleston Libraries, “Mapping Jewish Charleston, Circa 1833,” https://mappingjewishcharleston.cofc.edu/1833/. 67 College of Charleston Libraries, “Mapping Jewish Charleston, Circa 1910,” https://mappingjewishcharleston.cofc.edu/1910/.
29 King Street was at the 500 block as this area incorporated “newer neighborhoods and less expensive rents.” Many of the most popular upper King Street businesses mapped by this project included dry goods stores and stores which sold men’s clothing.68
According to Stuart M. Blumin’s “Black Coats to White Collars,” the retail industry became an important part of most American cities by the middle of the nineteenth century. Storekeepers and sales clerks who worked in retail stores established themselves as an entirely different class of individuals, separate from manual laborers. The American retail industry had become a well-respected industry for men to work in. Retail merchants were able to prosper due to large incomes made through the sale of retail items.69
SINGLE WORKING WOMEN AT THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
In an effort to better understand the historic live/work landscape of America,
Claudia Goldin studied the American female workforce between 1870 and 1920 and found it to be dominated by single women. In 1890 and 1900, a time when occupations were “highly segregated” by sex, “fully 75 percent of the white female labor force” were single and “fewer than 10 percent were married.” These single women took the jobs that men did not, specifically “tedious, task-oriented jobs.” In
1900, “38 percent of all single urban working women over 16 years old” lived in the homes of their employers or boarded elsewhere, away from their parents. Many of
68 College of Charleston Libraries, “Mapping Jewish Charleston, Circa 1910,” https://mappingjewishcharleston.cofc.edu/1910/. 69 Stuart Weems Bruchey, Small Business in American Life, (Beard Books, 2003), 105-121.
30 these women were servants, housekeepers, and teachers. Interestingly enough,
Goldin found that these single working women who boarded earned more than those who lived in their parents’ homes.70 A similar study of working Charleston women at has not yet been conducted for any historic time period. This presents a large opportunity to build upon Goldin’s findings in future research.
AN OPPORTUNITY FOR STUDY - THE TURN OF THE TWENTIETH CENTURY
All of the above literature has created a solid foundation on which the factors of a diverse and dense, urban Charleston have developed through the eighteenth, nineteenth, and twentieth centuries. While analysis of occupations, race divisions, and neighborhood development has established the narrative of a diverse, yet stagnant Charleston, the entire picture of the historically evolving landscape has yet to be uncovered. Radford first examined the “journey to work” among specific occupations between 1860 and 1880 in Charleston and found spatial patterns dictated by both occupation and race. Thus, this leaves an opportunity for expanding on research concerning live/work relationships into the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston - an effort that can illuminate the historic spatial relationships that helped to define and develop the Charleston peninsula.
70 Claudia Goldin, “The Work and Wages of Single Women, 1870-1920,” The Journal of Economic History 40, no. 1 (1980): 81, 87, 83, 88, https://www.jstor.org/stable/2120426.
31 CHAPTER THREE: METHODOLOGY
In order to build upon the above literature and to gain a clearer understanding of Charleston’s rich demographic history as related to its built environment, entries from the Charleston city directories of 1890, 1900, and 1910 were mapped using GIS software. The mapped work and home locations of grocers, dry goods store owners (including clothiers),71 attorneys, physicians, teachers, and conductors were analyzed and the distance between them was compared in an effort to identify any correlation (or lack thereof) between professions and any changes across time.
Ten-year intervals were chosen to space three directory samples over time.
The time span of 1890 to 1910 was chosen with political, economic, and transportation advancements in mind. Specifically, this time span falls between wars and before the widespread use of the automobile, eliminating large variables that would greatly alter resulting data. Rather, a period of stagnation in terms of economy, population growth, 72 and, arguably, spatial relations of peninsula inhabitants was chosen to isolate influential variables as much as possible.
Furthermore, the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston, specifically between
1890 and 1910, has yet to be studied in this way. The closest similar commute or
71 In order to eliminate repetitive rhetoric, clothiers will not be specifically called out as a subgroup of dry goods store owners from here forward. It should be noted that clothiers in this thesis are always part of a larger group, dry goods store owners, and that when discussed, dry goods store owners always include clothiers. 72 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks.
32 distance to work study to this time period was Radford’s 1974 dissertation which covered the years 1860 and 1880.
Physicians, attorneys, teachers, conductors, dry goods store owners, and grocers were chosen with various considerations in mind. First, many of these professions were previously studied in the above reviewed literature. By studying these occupations again at the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston, one can view any resulting data alongside previously published data. Though one-to-one comparisons may not be possible, general trends can be evaluated and considered in light of their relative relation to past findings. The occupations were secondly chosen due to the fact that work locations for these occupations were generally static rather than transient or inconsistent from day to day. Static work locations allow for larger and more accurate samples during the time period studied (1890 to
1910). Individuals with more static work locations were more likely to be listed in the 1890, 1900, and 1910 city directories and the occupations studied offered some of the largest sample sizes of Charlestonians for the years studied. However, it is important to note, that this does, of course, create a data limitation as a static work location stipulation typically favors more affluent and white individuals rather than individuals of a lower socioeconomic status and African Americans for the time period studied. For that reason, further research considering occupations with less- static work locations is highly encouraged with appropriate methodology changes.
The 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories were read from front to back on Ancestry.com. Miscellaneous, business, general, and “colored” sections of
33 the directories were read and entries related to the previously selected occupations were recorded in Google Sheets. Three separate Google Sheets for each year studied contained separate tabs for each profession studied. Each individual page of each directory was scanned for words related to the preselected occupations. Examples of these words or titles include: physician, surgeon, teacher, music teacher, professor, grocer, dry goods, clothing, attorney, lawyer, judge, and district attorney to name some. Titles were recorded as found. Due to the time restraint and scope of this thesis, individuals were only studied along the lines of the larger profession that their specific title fell within. For example, professors were considered to be a part of the profession described as “teacher” for this study.73
In many cases, entries of individuals often displayed the name of their business, but not their profession or title specifically. In these cases, this was the city directories’ way of indicating the owner of a business, though there is no place in the city directories in which this is explicitly explained. These individuals were added to the appropriate Google Sheet for their profession by cross checking their name with miscellaneous and business directories.74 For example, owners of law firms, dry goods stores, clothing stores, department stores, grocery stores, and small schools were often recorded using this technique.
73 Future research using this thesis’ raw data (recorded in Google Sheets) can subdivide this data further. For example, if the sample sizes are large enough, the spatial differences between teachers and professors could be studied, and so on. 74 To further confirm that these general directory entries referred to business owners, census data and city yearbooks were cross-checked for a few individuals as well. The findings were consistent across sources - this was indeed how the city directories indicated business ownership.
34 While scanning each page of the directories, the following information was transcribed to the appropriate Google Sheet and tab when a relevant directory entry was encountered: last name, first name, race,75 spouse's name,76 title, employer's name or their own company’s name, work address, home address, and directory section(s) in which the individual was listed.77 Because this thesis considers the distance between work and home locations of Charlestonians, only individuals within the chosen professions with both their home and work locations listed in the directories were included in this study.78 It is also important to note that this thesis only included owners of dry goods stores and groceries and did not include the employees of such businesses.79 In some cases, an individual had multiple titles or professions and/or companies or employers and thus had multiple work locations listed. In these cases, for the sake of consistency, all were recorded, but only the
75 “Colored” individuals were specified in the 1890, 1900, and 1910 directories with a “(c)” next to their name. 76 Both the 1900 and 1910 directories listed the names of spouses. The 1890 directory did not include spouse names. 77 Some directory entries listed individuals as “boarding” or “boards” and some even listed the boarding house the individual lived at. This information was recorded, but this information was not ultimately evaluated as the directories inconsistently listed such information. 78 In a small percentage of cases, individuals were listed within the business section of a directory under a profession category with their name and an address. It can be inferred that this was their work address. Most individuals were also listed within the general directory with this same work address specified along with their home address, but there was a small percentage of people whose address from the business section was not designated as a work address separate from their home address in their general directory listing. Rather, in these cases, their residential address was listed in the general directory and their business address was listed in the business section, but both addresses were the same. For these instances, it was assumed that these individuals lived and worked in the same building. 79 Future research could study employees of these businesses and compare resulting spatial data with this thesis’ findings.
35 first title/profession, company/employer, and work address listed was used in compiled demographic data and the GIS mapping process.
Once all of the relevant listings from the 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories were recorded in Google Sheets, demographic data was compiled for every profession in every year. Due to the nature of the city directory listings, the following demographic data was able to be compiled: percentages related to sex, percentages related to marital status (including married men, married women, single men, single women, and widowed women), percentages related to race, percentage of individuals living and working in the same building, percentage of individuals living in the same building as another individual with the same profession in a given year, and, finally, percentage of individuals living and/or working with another individual with the same profession and last name in a given year.80
Recorded listings in Google Sheets were organized with data validation and conditional formatting. A set of demographic data was created for each profession for each year by using the “command f” key command, or the “find” function, to find information such as “single male” for example, and so on. In Google Sheets, the
“find” function always indicates the number of whatever is searched. For example, if searching for “teachers,” the “find” function will indicate the number of instances of the word “teacher” in the currently open tab. The “find” function can also search
80 This last group of individuals may have been family members. Some professions’ listings allowed for further information such as employer or school percentages.
36 entire sheets (across tabs) or within certain columns, rows, or cells. For this thesis, this method was the fastest way to compile the information along with conditional formatting, data validation, and data sorting functions.81
In order to map each sample from each profession and year studied, the finalized Google Sheets were downloaded as Excel files, linked to GIS, and the work and home addresses of each individual were georeferenced to a base map of the
Charleston peninsula. Each profession for each year was organized in singular layers so that the layers could be layered or viewed separately. Kernel Density maps were created with GIS in order to both gain a clear understanding of and visually depict where on the peninsula the highest number of individuals in certain professions lived. Specifically, the tool calculated the “density of point features
[home locations] around each output raster cell” and placed a smooth, curved surface over each home location.82 With the Kernel Density tool, the surface value of each point “is highest at the location of the point and diminishes with increasing distance from the point, reaching zero at the search radius distance from the point.”83 This created a gradient effect by which one can understand the difference between high-density and lower density areas. Areas in which there were no points were left without a curved surface over them for the sake of clarity.
81 This thesis did not use any formulas outside of conditional formatting or data validation, but future research could successfully employ formulas for data compilation. For this thesis, “command f” was a quick and sufficient tool. 82 “How Kernel Density Works—Help | Documentation,” ArcGIS Pro, https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro- app/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/how-kernel-density-works.htm. 83 “How Kernel Density Works—Help | Documentation,” ArcGIS Pro, https://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro- app/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/how-kernel-density-works.htm.
37 Commute maps were created with GIS to both calculate and visually depict the distance between work and home locations of each individual for every profession in the years studied. GIS identified the X and Y coordinates of work and home locations of each individual and GIS was further employed to geometrically calculate the distance between each set of X and Y coordinates. In order to obtain average commute distances for each profession in each year, attribute tables were downloaded from GIS as text files and opened in Excel. Once in Excel, the average distance between home and work locations for each profession was calculated using
Excel’s “average” formula. In GIS, resulting commute maps depicted the work and home locations of every individual in a profession and the “xy to line” tool was used to create lines connecting each individual’s home and work location (this created a visual representation of the distance between the two). In the instances in which individuals’ home and work location were the same, the home location (depicted with a circle symbol) was layered on top of the work location (depicted with a square symbol). The resulting symbol, a circle over a square, visually indicates the location of individuals who lived and worked in the same building and thus did not have a commute or a line depicting the distance between home and work.
HYPOTHESES TO BE TESTED
Prior to data collection and analysis, this thesis first defined several hypotheses building upon previously reviewed literature. Specifically, concerning where grocers, dry goods store owners, clothiers, lawyers, physicians, conductors
38 and teachers lived and worked in Charleston between 1890 and 1910, this thesis looks to test the following hypotheses:
1. Many grocers lived above their shops. Some lived elsewhere and rented out the
apartments above their shops. This trend was previously studied in “Mapping
Jewish Charleston,”84 Between the Tracks,85 “A History of the Chinese in
Charleston,”86 and Living Over the Store: Architecture and Local Urban Life.87 For
the purposes of this thesis, grocers were defined as anyone who identified
themselves as a grocer or as owning a grocery store in the 1890, 1900, and 1910
Charleston city directories. Green grocers or anyone who specialized in selling
fruits or vegetables were not included.
2. The owners of dry goods stores and clothiers lived above their shops on King
Street. Some lived in separate houses on nearby streets. Again, this trend was
previously studied in “Mapping Jewish Charleston,”88 A Portion of the People,89
Between the Tracks,90 Living Over the Store: Architecture and Local Urban Life.91
For the purposes of this thesis, dry goods store owners and clothiers were
defined as anyone who identified themselves as selling (or owing a store that
sold) dry goods, fancy goods, clothing, and notions in the 1890, 1900, and 1910
84 College of Charleston Libraries, “Mapping Jewish Charleston.” 85 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks. 86 Li, “A History of the Chinese in Charleston,” 37-41. 87 Davis, Living Over the Store: Architecture and Local Urban Life. 88 College of Charleston Libraries, “Mapping Jewish Charleston.” 89 A Portion of the People, 154. 90 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks. 91 Davis, Living Over the Store: Architecture and Local Urban Life.
39 Charleston city directories. Owners of clothing manufacturing companies,
variety stores, and department stores were also included in this profession, but
owners of specialty dry goods stores were not (unless they described their store
as selling clothing). Employees of dry goods stores (including individuals such
as clerks, drivers, porters, traveling salesmen, and tailors) were not included.
3. Many attorneys worked on Broad Street and lived in Radcliffeborough and
Harleston Village. Radford’s 1974 dissertation, “Culture, Economy and Urban
Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880,” concluded that lawyers in
1860 and 1880 in Charleston lived in Radcliffeborough, on Rutledge Avenue, and
in the center of the city with work locations on Broad Street.92 For the purposes
of this thesis, those who identified themselves as attorneys, lawyers, district
attorneys, and judges in the 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories
were included in this profession. Law clerks were not included.
4. Many physicians worked out of their home. Previous literature covering living
patterns of Charleston physicians includes Radford’s 1974 dissertation, “Culture,
Economy and Urban Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880.”
Radford found that physicians in 1860 and 1880 in Charleston were centrally
located on the peninsula and often lived and worked out of the same building.93
For the purposes of this thesis, physicians were identified as anyone who was
listed in the 1890, 1900 and 1910 Charleston city directories as a physician,
92 Radford, “Culture, Economy and Urban Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880.” 93 Radford, “Culture, Economy and Urban Structure in Charleston, South Carolina, 1860-1880.”
40 doctor, or surgeon. Nurses, hospital staff, medical students, druggists, and
pharmacists were not included.
5. Many conductors lived by the railroads they were employed by in the Charleston
Neck, north of Calhoun Street, specifically in industrial areas like Eastside and
Mazyck-Wraggborough neighborhoods. Research from Between the Tracks
noted railroad employees were a part of a larger group of industrial workers
found in Wards 5 and 7 in the Charleston Neck in the 1860s.94 For the purposes
of this thesis, anyone listed in the 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city
directories as a conductor for a railway or railroad was included in this
profession. This included both city street railways and railroads with local,
statewide, or national lines. Other railway or railroad employees were not
included and elevator conductors were not included either.
6. Teachers may have lived by the schools they taught at. However, Charleston
teachers have yet to be studied according to their home locations on the
peninsula. Therefore, this hypothesis is based on personal intuition given the
transportation methods within Charleston at this time. For the purposes of this
thesis, teachers were identified as anyone who was listed in the 1890, 1900, and
1910 Charleston city directories as a teacher, professor, or any kind of specialist
teacher (including music teachers). School principals and other administrators
were not included.
94 Rosengarten, Between the Tracks.
41 On the whole, it is hypothesized that correlations along the lines of occupation and time period will be observed. It is also hypothesized that commutes or distances to work will increase through the 20-year time span reflecting changes in transportation technology. Specifically, these new improvements in transportation technology, including changes made to city railways and the introduction and rising popularity of automobiles, likely created a more mobile society with larger differentiation between residential and commercial neighborhoods during the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston.
42 CHAPTER FOUR: DATA ANALYSIS
A total sample of 2,532 physicians, attorneys, teachers, conductors, grocers, and dry goods store owners was collected from the Charleston city directories of
1890, 1900, and 1910. Within the 20-year time span studied, there was only a 10% increase in the sample size of all professions put together from 1890 to 1910. On average, 97% of the individuals in this sample were white, 75% were men, 23% were women, 95 and almost half, 44%, lived and worked in the same building.
Demographic data for all of the professions studied in this thesis can be found in
Table 1.
While the average of the sample indicated that 44% lived and worked in the same building, yearly percentages indicated a trend towards living away from work.
Specifically, 52% of the sample lived and worked in the same building in 1890, 43% did the same in 1900, and 38% did the same in 1910. On average, women accounted for about one-fourth of the sample between 1890 and 1910, with the number single women slightly increasing and the number of married women slightly decreasing through time. This trend aligns with findings from Goldin’s research on working women in America at the turn of the twentieth century. 96 Men, on the other hand,
95 On average, two percent of individual’s gender was unknown. Inferences were made concerning gender based on marital status titles (including “Mrs.” and “Miss”), first names, and spouse’s names. Spouses were not listed in the 1890 directory and African American women’s marital status was never recorded in any of the 1890, 1900, or 1910 directories. 96 Goldin, “The Work and Wages of Single Women, 1870-1920.”
43 accounted for three-fourths of the sample between 1890 and 1910 on average, with single men slightly decreasing and married men slightly increasing through time.97
Between 1890 and 1910, the distance between home and work locations of the professions studied averaged to 2,299 feet, or .44 miles. Due to the scope of this thesis, distances like these are “as the crow flies” routes rather than the route a person might take (as they would navigate roads, walk around houses, etc.).
Therefore, the actual commutes or distances to work of individuals in this study would have been slightly longer or larger than the distances discussed in this thesis.98
All Professions Studied – Demographic Data
Table 1: Data sourced from the 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories.
97 However, it is unknown if more individuals were getting married on the whole during the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston, or if the demographics of the workforce were simply changing. 98 For the sake of simplicity, commutes and distances to work in this thesis will not receive this clarification every time they are discussed and can generally be understood to be slightly less than the distance that an individual may have actually traveled to work. Additionally, as discussed previously, it should be noted that some individuals had no commute to work as they lived and worked in the same building.
44 GROCERS
Grocers Hypothesis: Many grocers lived above their shops. Some lived elsewhere and rented out the apartments above their shops.
Grocers Results: The demographic data and commute distances of the grocers studied in this thesis can be found in Table 2. Between 1890 and 1910,
Charleston experienced a 15% decrease in grocers as city directories listed 310 grocers in 1890, 299 grocers in 1900, and 262 grocers in 1910. Between the 1890,
1900, and 1910 directories, on average, seven out of every ten grocers listed the same building as their work and residence location. Therefore, the fact that grocers as a profession represented some of the smallest average commutes amongst all professions studied comes as no surprise. Grocers, on average, traveled 873 feet, or
.17 miles, to work in 1890, 897 feet, or .17 miles, to work in 1900, and only 816 feet, or .15 miles, to work in 1910. While all of the professions studied between 1890 and 1910 trended towards living away from work on average, seven out of every ten grocers consistently lived and worked in the same building through the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston. In fact, the average distance traveled between home and work for all grocers declined by 7% between 1890 and 1910. This last figure could be the result of a decline in wholesale grocers who often worked on
East Bay Street and commuted home to neighborhoods throughout the city during this time period.
In addition to living and working in the same building, some grocers lived with other grocers, though this trend decreased between 1890 and 1910.
45 Specifically, 14% of grocers in 1890 lived with another grocer, 9% did the same in
1900, and 5% did the same in 1910. Some grocers also may have been related to each other, though this trend decreased between 1890 and 1910 as well. In 1890,
11% of grocers shared the same last name and home or work location with another grocer. This was also true of 5% of grocers in 1900 and 4% of grocers in 1910.
Kernel Density maps for the residential locations of grocers between the years 1900 and 1910 can be found in Figure 4. Kernel Density maps indicated that grocers’ home locations were spread very evenly across the peninsula. In fact, grocers’ home locations were so evenly spread across the peninsula in 1890, GIS’
Kernel Density tool could not create a Kernel Density map with the 1890 grocer data. In 1900, grocers’ home locations were still well represented all over the peninsula, but the Ansonborough neighborhood along the east side of the peninsula and south of Calhoun Street indicated a higher density of grocers’ home locations.
Other mid-density locations for grocers’ home locations for the year 1900 included
(1) the French Quarter, (2) an area South of Broad between New and Savage streets,
(3) an area in Harleston Village east of Coming Street between George and Green streets, and (4) an area in Cannonborough/Elliotborough on Rutledge Avenue between Line and Bogard streets. The 1910 Kernel Density map depicted similar density trends. The same areas described above depicted similar densities in 1910, however, density within the Cannonborough/Elliotborough neighborhood increased and a new high-density area was located in the Eastside.
46 Commute maps of grocers between 1890 and 1910 can be found in Figure 5.
While grocers’ work locations were typically well dispersed throughout residential neighborhoods on the peninsula, both density and commute maps between 1890 and 1910 indicated a trend toward grocers’ moving both home and work locations out of the South of Broad neighborhood. This aligns with findings from past studies as South of Broad became a more strictly residential neighborhood.
Demographic data of grocers can be found in Table 2. During the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston, grocers, as a group, were overwhelmingly white, but appeared to experience more diversity each year: specifically, there were no
African American grocers in 1890, yet 2% of the sample represented African
American grocers in 1900, and 7% of the sample represented African American grocers in 1910. Grocers also experienced an increase in diversity concerning sex as well. While no single women were listed as grocers between 1890 and 1910, married women accounted for 5% of grocers in 1890, 7% of grocers in 1900, and
9% of grocers in 1910. This is a particularly interesting finding as the larger sample of all professions studied (and previous literature) indicated that working women tended to be single during the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston.
47 Grocers – Demographic Data
Table 2: Data sourced from 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories and GIS/Excel calculations.
48 Grocers – Density Maps
Figure 4: 1900 and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston grocers' residential locations made in GIS.
49 Grocers – Commute Maps
Figure 5: 1890, 1900, and 1910 commute map of Charleston grocers' home and work locations made in GIS.
50 DRY GOODS STORE OWNERS
Dry Goods Store Owners Hypothesis: The owners of dry goods stores and clothiers lived above their shops on King Street. Some lived in separate houses on nearby streets.
Dry Goods Store Owners Results: The demographic data and commute distances of the dry goods store owners studied in this thesis can be found in Table
3. Like grocers, dry goods store owners declined in numbers between 1890 and
1910. Specifically, the industry declined by 25% from 1890 to 1910 with the city claiming 155 dry goods store owners in 1890, 121 in 1900, and 117 in 1910. On average, dry goods store owners’ distance to work increased by 10%, or 88 feet, between 1890 and 1910. However, like grocers, this group tended to have some of the smallest commutes to work of the professions studied at the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston. On average, dry goods store owners’ distance to work was 880 feet, or .17 miles, in 1890, 891 feet, or .17 miles, in 1900, and 968 feet, or .18 miles, in 1910.
Unlike grocers, however, less and less dry goods store owners lived and worked in the same building each year with 68% doing so in 1890, 60% in 1900, and 57% in 1910. However, while these percentages decreased over time, dry goods store owners who lived and worked in the same building always represented the majority of dry goods store owners at the turn of the twentieth century in
Charleston.
51 Also unlike grocers, dry goods store owners showed an increasing trend of living with each other and possibly being related to one another between 1890 and
1910. Specifically, 11% of dry goods store owners lived with another dry goods store owner in 1890 and 29% did the same in 1900 and 1910. In 1890, 5% of dry goods store owners shared a last name and home or work location with another dry goods store owner. This percentage increased to 19% by 1900 and 21% by 1910.
This may be a reflection of dry goods store owners acquiring larger houses that had more room for additional family members unlike the smaller apartments above retail stores that they may have once lived in. This was a trend previously discussed in College of Charleston’s “Mapping Jewish Charleston.”99 Additionally, something about the nature of the dry goods industry was apparently well-suited for family businesses and it is hypothesized that the percentage of potential family members found in the dry goods industry would increase further if clerks, drivers, porters, traveling salesmen, tailors, and managers of dry goods stores were included in future studies.
Kernel Density maps for the residential location of dry goods store owners between 1890 and 1910 can be found in Figure 6 and commute maps of dry goods store owners can be found in Figure 7. While more dry goods store owners may have started to live away from their stores, the strong tendency for their stores to be on King Street increased slightly between 1890 and 1910. In 1890, 78% of all dry
99 College of Charleston Libraries, “Mapping Jewish Charleston.”
52 goods store owners worked on King Street, 83% did the same in 1900, and 84% did the same in 1910. Kernel Density maps between 1890 and 1910 consistently indicated a high-density of dry goods store owners’ homes focused up and down
King Street’s retail corridor. This coincides with previous research conducted on both Charleston’s commercial corridor and its merchants.
Two areas on King Street showed the highest-density between 1890 and
1910: (1) the intersection of King and Mary streets at the border of the
Cannonborough/Elliotborough, Radcliffeborough, and Mazyck-Wraggborough neighborhoods and (2) an area just south of the intersection of King and Calhoun streets. Further research could reveal the cause of such patterns and determine if they could possibly be the result of the nature of the architecture of the area, such as high-density housing, or any other cultural or built landscape trends.
Commute maps for dry goods store owners between 1890 and 1910 visually reflected the fact that the majority of dry goods store owners lived above their retail stores. The 1890, 1900, and 1910 commute maps illustrated that many dry goods store owners who had a true commute to work, meaning those who did not live and work in the same building, often commuted to work locations in an area east of King
Street, west of Church Street, south of Wentworth Street, and north of Horlbeck
Alley or Cumberland Street. Future investigation into these individuals and their businesses could offer insight into the cause behind this observed commute pattern.
In terms of race, dry goods store owners were overwhelmingly white as
“colored” individuals only accounted for 1% of the sample on average between 1890
53 and 1910. In terms of gender, dry goods store owners at the turn of the twentieth century were more diverse as a profession than many of other professions studied.
Women, on average, accounted for 22% of the sample of dry goods store owners between 1890 and 1910. Yet, there was an observable downward trend in numbers of women. Women accounted for 27% of dry goods store owners in 1890, 25% in
1900, and only 13% in 1910. Married women represented 21%, 19%, and 8% of the dry goods store owners in 1890, 1900, and 1910, respectively. Single women only accounted for 3%, 6%, and 5% of dry goods store owners in 1890, 1900, and 1910.
Dry goods stores owned by women often advertised themselves as stores with
“fancy goods.” It is possible that the percentage of dry goods store owners represented by women decreased between 1890 and 1910 because women began marketing their businesses as more specialized stores, such as “art needlework” stores. For the sake of clarity, this thesis only defined dry goods store owners as individuals who owned a business that sold “dry goods” or “clothing,” and did not include specific specialty stores. Therefore, this definition of “dry goods store” may have consequently left out many women.
Clothiers became increasingly popular between 1890 and 1910 as 39% of dry goods store owners in 1890 specified selling clothing and almost half, 47%, of dry goods store owners specified selling clothing in 1910 (see Table 3). These typically tended to be dry goods stores owned by men, though there were women who owned clothing businesses as well. Men also often advertised their dry goods
54 stores as selling “men’s furnishings” as well. Whereas, both male and female dry goods store owners often advertised selling “notions” between 1890 and 1910.
Dry Goods Store Owners – Demographic Data
Table 3: Data sourced from 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories and GIS/Excel calculations.
55 Dry Goods Store Owners – Density Maps
Figure 6: 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston dry goods store owners' residential locations made in GIS.
56 Dry Goods Store Owners – Commute Maps
Figure 7: 1890, 1900, 1910 commute maps of Charleston dry goods store owners’ work and home locations made in GIS.
57 ATTORNEYS Attorneys Hypothesis: Many attorneys worked on Broad Street and lived in
Radcliffeborough and Harleston Village.
Attorneys Results: The demographic data and commute distances of the attorneys studied in this thesis can be found in Table 4. On average, attorneys represented some of the largest commutes among the professions studied between
1890 and 1910. Attorneys averaged 3,875 feet, or .73 miles, between their home and work locations from 1890 to 1910. Furthermore, this trend of living relatively
“far” away from work for this profession increased through time by 8% from 1890 to 1910. Unlike many of the other professions studied, an overwhelming majority of attorneys all commuted to the same few city blocks on the peninsula for work – the east end of Broad Street, between East Bay and King streets. In 1890, 95% of those in the legal profession worked on Broad Street, 91% did the same in 1900, and 89% did the same in 1910. This finding aligns with many previous studies on historic
Charleston lawyers. With the city’s courthouse at the intersection of Broad and
Meeting streets, the east end of Broad Street provided a perfect, walkable business area for Charleston attorneys. In fact, along with the addition of many real estate companies, this part of Broad Street is still the home of numerous law firms today.
Broad Street has adapted to the city’s modern needs and inhabitants while continuing to honor its historic significance physically, functionally, and symbolically.
58 In terms of residential density for attorneys at the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston, this thesis’ findings also aligned with previous findings from research on Charleston attorneys in 1860 and 1880. Specifically, Radford’s dissertation had found that attorneys often lived in Radcliffeborough and along
Rutledge Avenue in 1860 and 1880. Kernel Density maps of Charleston attorneys between 1890 and 1910 can be found in Figure 8 and commute maps can be found in Figure 9. Kernel Density maps of 1890, 1900, and 1910 indicated a trend towards a high-density of attorneys living in Harleston Village and a mid-density of attorneys living in Radcliffeborough. However, high-density in the South of Broad neighborhood also visually illustrated attorneys’ increasing residential presence in the area during these 20 years. Attorneys also appear to migrate up the peninsula between 1890 and 1910. This may have been the result of improvements made to the city’s street railway system or the use of private carriages or automobiles.
The demographic data of the attorneys studied in this thesis is found in Table
4. On average, Charleston attorneys at the turn of the twentieth century were 96% white and 4% African American. There were no female attorneys listed in the
Charleston city directories between 1890 and 1910 and the profession, on average, was represented by 58% married men and 42% single men. Two law industry trends can also be observed in the demographic data from this time period: (1) there was an increasing preference towards identifying as an “attorney” as opposed to as a “lawyer” and (2) likely due to increasing industry regulations, attorneys practicing as a part of a law firm increased from 37% in 1890 to 45% in 1910.
59 Attorneys – Demographic Data
Table 4: Data sourced from 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories and GIS/Excel calculations.
60 Attorneys – Density Maps
Figure 8: 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston attorneys’ residential locations made in GIS.
61 Attorneys – Commute Maps
Figure 9: 1890, 1900, and 1910 commute maps of Charleston attorneys’ work and home locations made in GIS.
62 PHYSICIANS
Physicians Hypothesis: Many physicians worked out of their home.
Physicians Results: The demographic data and commute distances of the physicians studied in this thesis can be found in Table 5. The number of physicians in Charleston at the turn of the twentieth century remained static throughout the
20-year time period studied. In 1890, 69 attorneys were included in the Charleston city directory and 68 attorneys were included in both the 1900 and 1910 city directories. While the number of attorneys remained static, their distance to work increased by 216% from an average of 762 feet, or .14 miles, in 1890 to 2,407 feet, or .46 miles, in 1910. The percentage of physicians who lived and worked in the same building in 1890 (64% of physicians) was almost twice the percentage of physicians who lived and worked in the same building in 1910 (34% of physicians).
Charleston physicians during the turn of the twentieth century shared many similar demographics to Charleston attorneys at the time. On average, Charleston physicians between 1890 and 1910 were 93% white and 7% African American. All
Charleston physicians were male and a majority of them were married. On average,
58% of physicians in Charleston were married men between 1890 and 1910. Like most of the professions studied during this time, there was an increasing trend toward married male physicians rather than single male physicians through time.
In terms of physicians’ residential patterns on the peninsula between 1890 and 1910, Kernel Density maps indicated physicians were well distributed across the peninsula. These maps can be found in Figure 10. However, there were still
63 areas of high-density. In 1890, the highest-density locations for the residences of physicians were (1) an area South of Broad, between King and Meeting streets, and north of Tradd Street, (2) an area on Tradd and Gibbes streets, between Rutledge
Avenue and north of South Battery Street, and (3) an area in today’s King Street retail district, just south of Calhoun Street. Mid-density areas for physicians in 1890 included (1) an area within Cannonborough/Elliotborough, (2) an area by MUSC
(likely either representing those living by St. Francis Xavier’s Infirmary or the City
Hospital at the time), (3) areas of Harleston Village, (4) areas of South of Broad.
In 1900, Kernel Density maps indicated similar residential patterns to 1890, with only slight changes. Residential density on King Street moved south by a couple of blocks and further into Harleston Village, even more individuals lived at or nearby the City Hospital or St. Francis Xavier’s Infirmary, and the highest-density parts of South of Broad shifted to a block between Legare and Logan Streets.
In 1910, physicians were still living in many parts of the Charleston peninsula, however, high-density locations had moved again slightly. High-density home locations for physicians included (1) an area between Ashley Avenue and
Coming Street in Cannonborough/Elliotborough, (2) a large portion of Harleston
Village with a focus on Montagu, Pitt, and Coming Streets, and (3) two areas South of
Broad with one on New Street and the other just south of Tradd Street between
Meeting and King streets.
The 1890, 1900, and 1910 commute maps of Charleston physicians visually depicted both the trend of many physicians working out of their homes and the
64 increasing tendency for physicians to operate out of some kind of office by 1910.
These maps can be found in Figure 11. Like attorneys, the long commutes of many physicians may have been made possible by city railway systems or the use of private horse-drawn carriages and later automobiles.
Only a small portion of physicians were identified as “surgeons” who worked at a city hospital. One such surgeon even lived at St. Francis Xavier’s Infirmary in
1890. In 1890, Charleston physicians could have worked at St. Francis Xavier’s
Infirmary, the City Hospital, or the Medical College (later MUSC). Though Roper
Hospital was still in Charleston in 1890, it was not open due to significant damage from the 1886 earthquake. In 1900, Charleston physicians could have worked at
Roper Hospital, the City Hospital, St. Francis Xavier’s Infirmary, Riverside Infirmary, the Medical College, or at Dr. McClennan’s Hospital and Training School for Nurses.
In 1910, Charleston physicians could have worked at Dr. McClennan’s Hospital and
Training School for Nurses, Roper Hospital, Roper Hospital’s Training School for
Nurses, St. Francis Xavier’s Infirmary, St. Francis Xavier’s Infirmary Training School for Nurses, or at the South Carolina Medical College (later MUSC). During this time, the standardization and regulation of the medical industry was redefining what it meant to be a nurse or medical professional at the turn of the twentieth century.
While the sample sizes of nurses during this time period were not large enough to study in this thesis, it is recommended that a future study consider the spatial relationships of nurses in Charleston in the twentieth century as many lived and worked at city hospitals or worked directly out of their own homes.
65 Physicians – Demographic Data
Table 5: Data sourced from 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories and GIS/Excel calculations.
66 Physicians – Density Maps
Figure 10: 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston physicians’ residential locations made in GIS.
67 Physicians – Commute Maps
Figure 11: 1890, 1900, and 1910 commute maps of Charleston physicians’ work and home locations made in GIS.
68 CONDUCTORS
Conductors Hypothesis: Many conductors lived by the railroads they were employed by in the Charleston Neck, north of Calhoun Street, specifically in industrial neighborhoods like the Eastside and Mazyck-Wraggborough.
Conductors Results: The demographic data and commute distances of the conductors studied in this thesis can be found in Table 6. Of the professions studied, conductors accounted for the highest percentage of growth in numbers between
1890 and 1910. The city experienced a 100% increase of conductors from 58 in
1890 to 116 in 1910. This was likely due to changes in the way that conductors were listed in the directories as city street railway conductors were not included in the 1890 directory. However, the increase in Charleston conductors at the turn of the twentieth century may have also been the result of the rapidly changing and growing nature of railroad industry at this time.
Of the professions studied, conductors tended to be the most northern- concentrated group on the peninsula, with little representation south of Broad
Street. No conductors lived and worked in the same building and conductors’ employers, the railway and railroad companies, changed many times between 1890 and 1910. This also explains the 61% increase in the average commute of conductors between 1890 and 1910. Charleston conductors, on average, traveled
3,097 feet, or .59 miles, to work in 1890, 5,001 feet, or .95 miles, to work in 1900, and 4,985, or .94 miles, to work in 1910. These commutes accounted for some of
69 the largest commutes of all of the professions studied at the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston.
All conductors were white men between 1890 and 1910. Like the larger sample of all professions studied, on average, the majority of these men tended to married with 52% of conductors listing spouses in the 1900 city directory and 66% of conductors listing spouses in the 1910 city directory. These men were likely part of a larger group of white men working in industrial industries riddled with tense race relations. Moreover, these industries reflected larger cultural and political beliefs as racial segregation and Jim Crow Laws gripped the southern states.
While the majority of conductors tended to be married during this time, many of them (one average, one-fifth) also tended to board with other conductors, further illustrating their economic station in Charleston. Further research into the rental and boarding patterns of conductors and the other professions studied during this time period could prove highly valuable for gaining greater insight into the socioeconomic realities of these Charlestonians.
Kernel Density maps of Charleston conductors between 1890 and 1910 can be found in Figure 12. Kernel Density maps of conductors’ residential locations between 1890 and 1910 illustrated a tendency for conductors to live on the northern part of the peninsula, north of Calhoun Street. However, not all conductors did so. In 1890, high-density areas of conductors’ homes included (1) an area on today’s King Street retail district between Hasell and Market streets, (2) an area in
Ansonborough, just south of Calhoun Street, (3) areas on upper King Street and (4)
70 an area in the Eastside, north of Amherst and south of Line streets. The 1900 Kernel
Density map reflected similar high-density areas with slight variations including (1) a new high-density area within the Eastside closer to East Bay Street, (2) a new high-density area just north of Calhoun Street and east of Marion Square, and (3) more mid-density representation within Harleston Village. In 1910, similar density trends to the 1890 and 1900 Kernel Density maps were illustrated in addition to even greater emphasis on areas in (1) upper King Street and (2) Radcliffeborough and (3) a new high-density area within Mazyck-Wraggborough near Wragg Square, also known as Wragg Mall.
1890, 1900, and 1910 commute maps for Charleston conductors clearly illustrated the locations of railroad companies within the city. These maps can be found in Figure 13. Furthermore, these maps also helped to visually display the larger commutes for many in this profession as opposed to the commutes of the other professions studied. In this sense, it appears that conductors did not tend to cluster their residential locations by their employers. Rather, it appears more likely that conductors’ residential patterns may have been more greatly dictated by affordability and boarding opportunities.
71 Conductors – Demographic Data
Table 6: Data sourced from 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories and GIS/Excel calculations.
72 Conductors – Density Maps
Figure 12: 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston conductors’ residential locations made in GIS.
73 Conductors – Commute Maps
Figure 13: 1890, 1900, and 1910 commute maps of Charleston conductors’ work and home locations made in GIS.
74 TEACHERS
Teachers Hypothesis: Teachers may have lived by the schools they taught at.
Teachers Results: The demographic data and commute distances of the teachers studied in this thesis can be found in Table 7. Much like conductors, teachers experienced a large growth in numbers between 1890 and 1910. The number Charleston’s educators grew by 92% from 115 teachers in 1890 to 221 teachers in 1910. Education reformation impacted both public and private schools and was heavily dictated by racial segregation efforts, the result of the era’s Jim
Crow Laws. Schools were segregated by race and a movement toward privately funded “colored” schools led to many new teaching opportunities in Charleston.
However, this did not necessarily mean more teaching opportunities for African
American teachers. In fact, the percentage of African American teachers in
Charleston decreased from 10% in 1890 to 5% in 1910. On average, 93% of
Charleston teachers were white, 19% were men, and 80% were women. Mirroring the trends of the larger sample of all of the professions studied, there was an increase of single female teachers (from 55% in 1890 to 75% in 1910) and a decrease in married female teachers (from 11% in 1890 and 3% in 1910).
Furthermore, men also followed the trends of the larger sample as there was an increase in married male teachers (from 4% in 1900 to 7% in 1910) and a decrease in single male teachers (from 11% in 1900 to 10% in 1910).
Like grocers, teachers were widely distributed across the Charleston peninsula at the turn of the twentieth century. Kernel Density maps of Charleston
75 teachers between 1890 and 1910 can be found in Figure 14. In 1890, high-density areas of teachers’ residences included (1) an area of Harleston Village between
Rutledge Avenue and Barre Street, just north of Wentworth and south of Bennett streets and (2) an area in today’s King Street retail corridor at the intersection of
Market and Meeting streets. Mid-density locations included areas in Harleston
Village, Radcliffeborough, and South of Broad. In 1900, high-density locations for teachers’ residences included many of the same areas as 1890, but with even higher densities for the areas previously only depicted as mid-density locations. A larger shift was indicated spatially in the 1910 Kernel Density map with new high-density areas in Mazyck-Wraggborough, Ansonborough, and the east side of Harleston
Village, just west of King Street.
Commute maps for Charleston teachers clarify that while teachers did live by many schools, it did not necessarily mean that they taught at them. These maps can be found in Figure 15. On average teachers commuted to work 1,890 feet, or .36 miles, in 1890; 2,209 feet, or .42 miles, in 1900, and 2,607 feet, or .49 miles, in 1910.
This represented a 37% increase in distance traveled to work for teachers between
1890 and 1910.
However, while many teachers commuted, a large percentage lived and worked in the same building, including on the campuses of some schools. On average, 27% of teachers lived and worked in the same building between 1890 and
1910 and 39% of teachers lived with other teachers. Furthermore, 21% of teachers on average shared both a last name residence or work location as another teacher
76 during the 20 years studied. In fact, Charleston’s Porter Military Academy (today the Porter-Gaud School), Avery Normal Institute, and the Charleston Orphan House housed teachers on their campuses in 1890, 1900, and 1910. In 1890, Charleston
Female Seminary also housed teachers on campus. In 1900, schools and orphanages boarding teachers included Charleston Female Seminary, Lucas Academy, South
Carolina Military Academy (today the Citadel), German Academy, and the Jenkins
Colored Orphanage. In 1910, South Carolina Military Academy (today the Citadel) and Ashley Hall also housed teachers on campus.
It should be noted, however, that in the many occasions in which a teacher shared a last name and a home location with another teacher in a specific year, these teachers rarely worked at the same school. Future research could help to enlighten the cause of this tendency not to work at the same school as one’s sisters or relatives. Furthermore, it was also found that while many Avery Normal Institute teachers lived on campus, no African American Avery Normal Institute teachers lived on its campus. This may be a simple coincidence or an indication of further racial segregation. Either way, future research could add more depth to our spatial understanding of teachers at this time.
77 Teachers – Demographic Data
Table 7: Data sourced from 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories and GIS/Excel calculations.
78 Teachers – Density Maps
Figure 14: 1890, 1900, and 1910 Kernel Density maps of Charleston teachers’ residential locations made in GIS.
79 Teachers – Commute Maps
Figure 15: 1890, 1900, and 1910 commute maps of Charleston teachers’ work and home locations made in GIS.
80 CHAPTER FIVE: CONCLUSIONS AND OPPORTUNITIES FOR FUTURE STUDY
Charleston’s city directories contain a wealth of information regarding the city’s evolving, complex spatial relationships along the lines of race and occupation.
While this thesis confirmed continuing spatial trends from periods prior to the turn of the twentieth century, it also illuminated new trends likely reflective of both the city’s improvements in transportation and newly passed and strictly enforced Jim
Crow Laws. These trends included differentiated residential and commercial areas, increased commutes, and a preference living south of Line Street.100
The turn of the twentieth century in Charleston meant more clearly defined neighborhoods with a distinction between residential and commercial areas.
Specifically, the South of Broad neighborhood became more singular in use as an almost entirely residential neighborhood – a continuation of a trend previously found in research by Calhoun and Zierden. 101 Almost all professions experienced large increases in commute distances. Physicians specifically experienced the largest growth in distance between home and work locations with an average 216% increase between 1890 and 1910. Physicians were clearly redefining the way in which their profession worked and interacted with patients. This may have been
100 It is important, however, to recognize the limitations of this study. This thesis only represents trends of individuals listed in the 1890, 1900, and 1910 Charleston city directories and it cannot speak to the live/work patterns of individuals who were not listed in the directories. The sample studied also favored more affluent and white individuals and African Americans were significantly underrepresented. Future research can employ the use of census records which may offer a more complete representation of Charlestonians of various socioeconomic and racial backgrounds. 101 Calhoun, Charleston’s Commercial Landscape, 1803-1860.
81 the result of increased monetary means, the acquisition and use of personal automobiles, or engagement with the evolving street railway system.
With these findings, it is important to note, however, that although
Charlestonians became increasingly mobile at this time, their new found freedom to move about the peninsula did not necessarily mean a rapid migration away from the peninsula or even the commercial center of the city. In fact, grocers even experienced a decrease in average distance between home and work locations.
Additionally, while other professionals began to physically differentiate their work and residence locations, this did not mean that they moved off of the peninsula or even into its northern-most areas. Most professionals studied did not locate their residences north of Line Street and while conductors did live north of Line Street, almost none lived north of Congress Street.
It is possible that the above findings mirror a trend found in today’s society – a desire to be near other people and to work and study in person and together. As economist Edward Glaeser found when studying modern commute trends in the
United States, advancements in today’s technology actually make the need for face- to-face communication and interaction more important rather than irrelevant. 102
While today’s society has the ability to work remotely and teleconference, Glaeser asserted that the desire to learn from one another, and to be in the same room while doing so, may be a large contributing factor of rising urban populations trends.103
102 Glaeser, “Viewpoint: Triumph of the City.” 103 Glaeser, “Viewpoint: Triumph of the City.”
82 Social distancing efforts during the current Coronavirus pandemic have also illuminated both the importance of and people’s preference for in person classes, hands on work, community living, and a physical office location. A recent article by
The New York Times discussed an anticipated “15 percent drop in [university] enrollment nationwide, amounting to a $23 billion revenue loss” in addition to significantly “weakened” university endowments. 104 The anticipated losses were attributed to students not planning to re-enroll in costly courses held online as students consider the nature of online learning a poor alternative to in-person learning opportunities.105
Additionally, opinion and non-opinion pieces in The New York Times,106
NPR.org,107 and Time Magazine108 all point to a tone of disillusionment with the often-romanticized concept of “working from home.” People who work from home speak of missing human moments at work, true eye contact (scientifically-proven to be unattainable in teleconference meetings), 109 and a feeling of comradery and connection that comes with physically working with others. Furthermore, these
104 Anemona Hartocollis, “After Coronavirus, Colleges Worry: Will Students Come Back?” The New York Times, April 15, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/04/15/us/coronavirus-colleges- universities-admissions.html. 105 Hartocollis, “After Coronavirus, Colleges Worry: Will Students Come Back?” 106 Kevin Roose, “Sorry, but Working From Home Is Overrated.” The New York Times, March 10, 2020, https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/10/technology/working-from-home.html. 107 Scott Simon, “Opinion: Missing The Shared Jokes, Small Talk, Midday Laughs Of The Office,” NPR.org, March 21, 2020, https://www.npr.org/2020/03/21/819439605/opinion-missing-the- shared-jokes-small-talk-midday-laughs-of-the-office. 108 Alana Semuels, “As Coronavirus Fears Spread, Can Remote Work Actually Work?” Time, March 13, 2020, https://time.com/5801882/coronavirus-spatial-remote-work/. 109 Semuels, “As Coronavirus Fears Spread, Can Remote Work Actually Work?”
83 feelings tend to be acerbated by living alone, without roommates, partners, or family members. Thus, current Americans and Charlestonians may have something to learn from the live/work patterns of Charlestonians at the turn of the turn of twentieth century.
One suggestion of incorporating past Charleston live/work trends has already been made by transportation consultant Gabe Klein in 2014 as pointed out by historian Nic Butler – the re-introduction of a Charleston trolley railway system could alleviate traffic congestion downtown and honor the city’s historic landscape.110 This trolley system or an alternatively suggested bus system111 could also offer more Charlestonians an affordable option for moving about the peninsula.
This public transportation system could also drive additional traffic to retail areas and help to lessen both Charlestonians’ dependence on cars and the need to seek housing and work opportunities off of the peninsula. Moreover, city planners and preservationists could work side-by-side to introduce creative solutions that are both historically sensitive and architecturally appropriate for Charleston.
While this thesis offered data on the live/work patterns of certain
Charlestonians at the turn of the twentieth century, future research can expand on this work. Opportunities for future research include an expansion of the time period studied. Specifically, an incorporation of data from the 1920s and 1930s
110 Butler, “The Rise of Streetcars and Trolleys in Charleston.” 111 David Slade, “In Auto-Choked Charleston, the Remains of a Trolley Network Sit beneath the Streets,” Post and Courier, November 18, 2018, https://www.postandcourier.com/news/in-auto- choked-charleston-the-remains-of-a-trolley-network-sit-beneath-the-streets.
84 could illustrate historic changes of the American economy and the effects of new widespread use of the automobile. Future research can also account for professionals who began to live or work off of the peninsula as bridges and larger transit systems allowed for greater flexibility and movement surrounding the peninsula. Physical properties of professionals could be researched in order to offer insight into socioeconomic and architectural patterns. The assessed value of residential and commercial properties can be found in some census records and ward books that include tax information. Census records can also indicate whether individuals rented or owned their properties and this information can help to establish a full picture of a sample’s socioeconomic realities. Finally, future research could consider the percentage of properties listed on the National Register of
Historic Places according to the property owner’s occupation during a given time period. This can help to illuminate gaps in preservation efforts and shed light on previously untold stories of Charleston’s past.
Understanding today’s Charleston within the context of its historic inhabitants can be challenging with the development of the city’s real estate – including reuse of its historic buildings and new construction that has taken the place of land and structures lost to the changing needs of the population.
Charleston’s grocers, dry goods store owners, attorneys, physicians, conductors, and teachers at the turn of the twentieth century helped to develop the peninsula as much as they themselves adapted to it; they took up residence where space, finances, and racial segregation laws allowed. While it may be easy to forget these
85 individuals’ impact on the city’s urban landscape and built environment, understanding their use of the city is imperative for informed decision-making regarding preservation and planning efforts. Furthermore, spatial live/work live work patterns from the turn of the twentieth century in Charleston help to illustrate the historic significance of Charleston’s intuitive and creative land-use patterns.
86 APPENDIX A: All GIS-Created Maps
Figure 16: 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston grocers' residential locations made in GIS.
87
Figure 116: 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston grocers' residential locations made in GIS.
88
Figure 117: 1890 commute map of Charleston grocers' home and work locations made in GIS.
89
Figure 118: 1900 commute map of Charleston grocers' work and home locations made in GIS.
90
Figure 20: 1910 commute map of Charleston grocers' work and home locations made in GIS.
91
Figure 21: 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston dry goods store owners' residential locations made in GIS.
92
Figure 22: 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston dry goods store owners' residential locations made in GIS.
93
Figure 23: 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston dry goods store owners' residential locations made in GIS.
94
Figure 24: 1890 commute map of Charleston dry goods store owners’ work and home locations made in GIS.
95
Figure 25: 1900 commute map of Charleston dry goods store owners’ work and home locations made in GIS.
96
Figure 26: 1910 commute map of Charleston dry goods store owners’ work and home locations made in GIS.
97
Figure 27: 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston attorneys’ residential locations made in GIS.
98
Figure 28: 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston attorneys’ residential locations made in GIS.
99
Figure 29: 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston attorneys’ residential locations made in GIS.
100
Figure 30: 1890 commute map of Charleston attorneys’ work and home locations made in GIS.
101
Figure 31: 1900 commute map of Charleston attorneys’ work and home locations made in GIS.
102
Figure 32: 1910 commute map of Charleston attorneys’ work and home locations made in GIS.
103
Figure 33: 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston physicians’ residential locations made in GIS.
104
Figure 34: 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston physicians’ residential locations made in GIS.
105
Figure 35: 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston physicians’ residential locations made in GIS.
106
Figure 36: 1890 commute map of Charleston physicians’ work and home locations made in GIS.
107
Figure 37: 1900 commute map of Charleston physicians’ work and home locations made in GIS.
108
Figure 38: 1910 commute map of Charleston physicians’ work and home locations made in GIS.
109
Figure 39: 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston conductors’ residential locations made in GIS.
110
Figure 40: 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston conductors’ residential locations made in GIS.
111
Figure 41: 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston conductors’ residential locations made in GIS.
112
Figure 42: 1890 commute map of Charleston conductors’ work and home locations made in GIS.
113
Figure 43: 1900 commute map of Charleston conductors’ work and home locations made in GIS.
114
Figure 44: 1910 commute map of Charleston conductors’ work and home locations made in GIS.
115
Figure 45: 1890 Kernel Density map of Charleston teachers’ residential locations made in GIS.
116
Figure 46: 1900 Kernel Density map of Charleston teachers’ residential locations made in GIS.
117
Figure 47: 1910 Kernel Density map of Charleston teachers’ residential locations made in GIS.
118
Figure 48: 1890 commute map of Charleston teachers’ work and home locations made in GIS.
119
Figure 49: 1900 commute map of Charleston teachers’ work and home locations made in GIS.
120
Figure 50: 1910 commute map of Charleston teachers’ work and home locations made in GIS.
121 Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Abrams Mrs Rebecca 446 King St 446 King St married female dry goods 1890 dry goods Andrews Edward D 364 King St 30 Vanderhorst St unknown (retail)
owner: dry APPENDIX B: 1890 Charleston City Directory Sample Data 1890 dry goods Babbage George F JR Read & Co 249 King St 69 Meeting St unknown goods (retail) 1890 dry goods notion (retail) Balster Mrs Barbara 181 King St 181 King St married female 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Banov Isaac W 387 King 387 King St unknown clothing + men's 1890 dry goods furnishings Bentschner David 252 King St 127 Wentworth St unknown (retail) clothing (retail) 1890 dry goods Birlant Isaac 460.5 King St 460.5 King St unknown / clothier clothing + dry 1890 dry goods Bluestein Meyer 468 + 549 King St 468 King St 549 King St unknown goods (retail) clothing + dry 142 (dry goods) + 162 1890 dry goods Blum Asher Z 142 King St 142 King unknown goods (retail) King St (clothing) dry goods + 1890 dry goods Bowman Louis 344 King St 344 King St unknown 122 millinery (retail) owner: clothing, dry goods, fancy McGahan, Brown & 1890 dry goods goods, notions, + Brown Andrew S Evans at 226-230 226 Meeting St 56 Lynch unknown boots + shoes Meeting St (wholesale) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Brown Henry 214 + 224 King St 214 King St 214 King St unknown 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Brown Samuel 356 King St 356 King St unknown owner: notions 1890 dry goods + fancy goods Buckenholtz Marcus H Herzog & Co 332 King St 462 King St unknown (retail) 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Burke Mrs Mary 52 Cannon St 52 Cannon St married female dry goods widow 1890 dry goods Burleigh Margaret 36 Middle St 36 Middle St widowed female (retail) William H Burlinski / 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Henry 77 King St 77 King St unknown Burlinsky 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Callahan Patrick 40 Middle St 40 Middle St unknown 1890 dry goods variety shop Canter Joshua 13 St Philip St 13 St Philip St unknown owner: dry 1890 dry goods Cohen Leopold H Cohen & Triest 259 King St 64 Hasell St unknown goods (retai) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: dry 1890 dry goods Cohen Louis Louis Cohen & Co 234 King St 128 Wentworth St unknown goods (retail) owner: dry 1890 dry goods Cohen William B Louis Cohen & Co 234 King St 73 Hasell St unknown goods (retail) owner: dry 1890 dry goods Cohen IB Louis Cohen & Co 234 King St 128 Wentworth St unknown goods (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Cohn Lewis / Louis 351 King St 351 King St unknown 1890 dry goods notions Cordray Miss MU 1 Hampton Court 5 Hampton Court single female widow 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Coughlin Mrs Julia 82 Anson St 82 Anson St widowed female Lawrence Mrs C (in business dry goods directory); Miss 1890 dry goods Cronan 399 King St 399 King St unknown (retail) Catherine (in general directory) owner: dry 1890 dry goods Culbert William Culbert & Phillips 250 King St 588 King St unknown goods (retai) 123 owner: dry 1890 dry goods goods + Cullinane Mrs C McCarthy & Cullinane 337 King St 337 King St married female millinery (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Cullinane Patrick 368 King St 368 King St unknown (retail) 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Dandin / Dadin Louis H 38 Tradd St 38 Tradd St unknown owner: clothiers, hats + caps, + JL David & Bro; 1890 dry goods men's David Joshua L 281 King St 281 King St unknown 279-281 King St furnishings (retail) owner: clothiers, hats + caps, + JL David & Bro; 1890 dry goods men's David Montague M 281 King St 281 King St unknown 279-281 King St furnishings (retail) 1890 dry goods clothier (retail) Dimond Simon 586 King St 586 King St unknown Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Richard (in business dry goods directory); 1890 dry goods Dugan 14 King St 14 King St unknown (retail) Daniel (in general directory) dry goods Mrs Catherine, 1890 dry goods Dunn 357 King St 357 King St married female (retail) widow John 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Eagon / Egan Mrs Alice 24 Queen St 24 Queen St married female dry goods 1890 dry goods Ehrlich Miss Julia 643 King St 643 King St single female (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Ellis Miss Rosa 166 Spring St 166 Spring St single female (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Epstein Morris 578 King St 578 King St unknown owner: clothing, dry goods, fancy McGahan, Brown & 1890 dry goods goods, notions, + Evans Robert P Evans: 226 Meeting St 56 Lynch unknown boots + shoes 226-230 Meeting St
124 (wholesale) dry goods 1890 dry goods Fass Simon 483 King St 483 King St unknown (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Foley James 131 Market St 131 Market St unknown 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Garbatti Mrs Angelia 19 Tradd St 19 Tradd St married female owner: manufacturers + Garfunkel Bros: 1890 dry goods Garfunkel Benjamin 438 King St 57 Society St unknown dealers in 438 + 440 King St clothing (retail) owner: manufacturers + Garfunkel Bros: 1890 dry goods Garfunkel Samuel M 438 King St 57 Society St unknown dealers in 438 + 440 King St clothing (retail) boots, shoes + 1890 dry goods dry goods Geraty B 50 King St 50 King St unknown (retail) 1890 dry goods clothier (retail) Goldberg Marcus 516 King St 516 King St unknown owner: clothiers 1890 dry goods Goldstein Henry Goldstein & Suwalsky 412 King St 412 King St unknown (retail) owner: dry 1890 dry goods Goodman David C Elias & Co 286 King St 52 Wentworth unknown goods (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: clothing 1890 dry goods Goodman Henry Levy & Goodman 416 King St 416 King St unknown (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Goutevenir Louis P 134 King St 134 King St unknown (retail) fancy goods 1890 dry goods Graver Mrs EH 499 King St 499 King St married female (retail) 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Gumpert Mrs Minnie 90 Market St 90 Market St married female 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Haas / Hass Mrs Louisa 216 King St 216 King St married female owner: dry 1890 dry goods goods + notions Harbeson Joseph Harbeson & Co 246 King St 248 King St unknown (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Hartigan Thomas 51 King St 51 King St unknown (retail) owner: dry Ufferhardt & Co: goods, notions, + 1890 dry goods Hartz William 222 King St + 146 222 King St 276 Meeting St unknown boys' clothing Market St (retail) variety store 125 1890 dry goods Hays Benjamin G 550 Meeting St 550 Meeting St unknown (retail) 1890 dry goods dry goods Healy Mrs Mary 85 King St 85 King St married female dry goods + 1890 dry goods Hendrix Mrs LM 538 King St 538 King St married female millinery (retail) owner: notions 1890 dry goods + fancy goods Herzog Henry H Herzog & Co 332 King St 332 King St unknown (retail) owner: clothing Hirsch, Israel & Co 1890 dry goods Hirsch Israel W 271 King St 30 Montagu St unknown (retail) 271 + 273 King St variety store 1890 dry goods Hirt Mrs JE 530 King St 530 King St married female (retail) clothing + dry 1890 dry goods Hornik Morris 188 King St 188 King St unknown goods (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Isear Henry 207 King St 207 King St unknown owner: clothing Hirsch, Israel & Co 1890 dry goods Israel Isadore 271 King St 54 Wentworth St unknown (retail) 271 + 273 King St owner: clothing Hirsch, Israel & Co 1890 dry goods Israel Samuel 271 King St 314 Meeting St unknown (retail) 271 + 273 King St Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: clothing, I Jacobs & Son 1890 dry goods dry goods, + Jacobs Isaac 508, 510, + 512 King 508 King St 510 King St unknown shoes (retail) St owner: clothing, I Jacobs & Son 1890 dry goods dry goods, + Jacobs Nathan 508, 510, + 512 King 508 King St 510 King St unknown shoes (retail) St 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Jacoby Mrs Bertha 355 King St 355 King St married female dry goods 1890 dry goods Jager AW 242 King St 38 Pitt St unknown (retail) worsted + fancy 1890 dry goods Jatho WG Ph Schuckmann 255 King St 13 Logan St unknown goods (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Johann J Klein 237 St Philip St 237 St Philip St unknown (retail) owner: hat, cap + umbrella 1890 dry goods manufacturers + Johnson George W JR Johnson & Son 265 King St 206 Calhoun St unknown men's furnishings
126 owner: hat, cap + umbrella 1890 dry goods manufacturers + Johnson John R JR Johnson & Son 265 King St 25 George St unknown men's furnishings dry goods 1890 dry goods Johnston Samuel 290 King St 61 Charlotte St unknown (retail) owner: clothing 1890 dry goods Kamenitsky Josiah Kamenitsky & Harris 424 King St 424 King St unknown (retail) clothing + dry 1890 dry goods Kaufmann Henry 565 King St 565 King St unknown goods (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Keelan Mrs Ellen 395 King St 395 King St married female (retail) owner: dry C & EL Kerrison: 1890 dry goods goods + notions Kerrison Edwin L 80 Hasell St 169 Wentworth St unknown 80-82 Hasell St (retai) owner: dry C & EL Kerrison: 1890 dry goods goods + notions Kerrison Philip D 80 Hasell St 200 Meeting St unknown 80-82 Hasell St (retai) clothing + dry 1890 dry goods Kosminsky Jacob 154 King St 154 King St unknown goods (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title fancy goods 1890 dry goods Lacassagne Mrs E 170 King St 170 King St married female (retail) 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Lane Mrs Annie E 31 Calhoun St 31 Calhoun St married female owner: ladies' + gents' 1890 dry goods Langley Philip G Langley Bros 174 King St 34 Magazine St unknown underwear manufacturers owner: ladies' + gents' 1890 dry goods Langley Samuel Langley Bros 174 King St 174 King St unknown underwear manufacturers 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Lehman Abraham 119 King St 535 King St unknown 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Levi Mrs Fannie 506 King St 506 King St married female 1890 dry goods clothier (retail) Levkoff Henry 490 King St 490 King St unknown dry goods 1890 dry goods Levy Mrs Hannah 611.5 King St 611.5 King St married female (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Levy Abraham 434 King St 434 King St unknown
127 116 King St (clothing) clothing + dry 1890 dry goods Levy Abraham + 540 King St (dry 116 King St 540 King St unknown goods (retail) goods) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Levy Nathan 550 King St 550 King St unknown clothing + dry 1890 dry goods Lewis Mrs Josephine 180 King St 180 King St married female goods (retail) clothing + dry 1890 dry goods Livingstain Harris 444 King St 444 King St unknown goods (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Livingstain Louis 413 King St 413 King St unknown owner: dry 1890 dry goods Loeb Lee Louis Cohen & Co 234 King St 128 Wentworth St unknown goods (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Lovett Mrs WY 427 King St 427 King St married female (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Marks M 372 King St 372 King St unknown (retail) dry goods widow 1890 dry goods McBride Ann 455 King St 455 King St widowed female (retail) Patrick owner: dry 1890 dry goods goods + McCarthy Mrs M McCarthy & Cullinane 337 King St 337 King St married female millinery (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title dry goods 1890 dry goods McDonald Mrs Mary 79 King St 79 King St married female (retail) owner: clothing, dry goods, fancy McGahan, Brown & 1890 dry goods goods, notions, + McGahan Thomas R Evans: 226 Meeting St 21 King St unknown boots + shoes 226-230 Meeting St (wholesale) 1890 dry goods dry goods Melvin Miss Sarah 437 King St 437 King St single female 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Mintz Isaac L 401 King St 401 King St unknown dry goods 1890 dry goods Murphy Mrs Margaret 465 King St 465 King St married female (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Murphy Francis 55 Hayne St 6 Montagu St unknown 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Murray Miss D 87 Calhoun St 87 Calhoun St single female 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Myers Louis 591 King St 591 King St unknown dry goods 1890 dry goods Nagel HAE 322-324 King St 322 King St 322 King St unknown (retail) owner: clothing 1890 dry goods Needle Harris Marks & Needle 497 King St 55 Cannon St unknown 128 (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Nelson John 11 State St 11 State St unknown (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Newman Samuel 326 King St 326 King St unknown dry goods 1890 dry goods O'Connor Mrs Mary 488 King St 488 King St married female (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Parker Mrs Jane 26 Tradd St 26 Tradd St married female (retail) owner: variety 1890 dry goods store / dry Pearlstine Hyman Pearstine Bros 491.5 King St 493 King St unknown goods (retail) owner: variety 1890 dry goods store / dry Pearlstine Sheppard Pearstine Bros 491.5 King St 493 King St unknown goods (retail) owner: dry Johnston, Crews & Co: goods, fancy 1890 dry goods Perry ASJ 49 Hayne + 112 49 Hayne St 284 Meeting St unknown goods + notions Market (wholesale) owner: dry 1890 dry goods Phillips JBW Culbert & Phillips 250 King St 45 Wentworth St unknown goods (retai) 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Player Mrs Bridget F 15 Queen St 15 Queen St married female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Prause Mrs Elizabeth M 29 State St 29 State St married female owner: dry Johnston, Crews & Co: goods, fancy 1890 dry goods Pringle Robert A 49 Hayne + 112 49 Hayne St 174 Broad St unknown goods + notions Market (wholesale) owner: dry 1890 dry goods Read JR JR Read & Co 249 King St 69 Meeting St unknown goods (retail) widow 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Riley Mrs Sarah 178 King St 178 King St widowed female William 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Riley James F 93 East Bay St 93 East Bay St unknown dry goods 1890 dry goods Roach Thomas J 575 King St 575 King St unknown (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Rosenthal Isaac P 371 King St 371 King St unknown 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Rossheim Isaac 329 King St 329 King St unknown 1890 dry goods clothier (retail) Rubin Abraham 418 King St 418 King St unknown 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Samuel Moses 85 Calhoun St 85 Calhoun St unknown worsted + fancy
129 1890 dry goods Schuckmann Ph Ph Schuckmann 255 King St 255 King St unknown goods (retail) grocer (retail) (in business directory); 1890 dry goods Shanahan Michael K 88 King St* 88 King St unknown notions (in general directory) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Shapira LD 122 Market St 122 Market St unknown owner: dry Johnston, Crews & Co: goods, fancy 1890 dry goods Simons H Read 49 Hayne + 112 49 Hayne St 49 Montagu St unknown goods + notions Market (wholesale) dry goods 1890 dry goods Smith Mrs Ellen 94 King St 94 King St married female (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Spanier Eugene 269 King St 68 Wentworth St unknown (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Stackley Jacob 373 King St 143 Calhoun St unknown (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Stender FW 489 King St 489 King St unknown (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title dry goods 1890 dry goods Strauss Jules J 311 King St 159 Calhoun St unknown (retail) men's 1890 dry goods Strohecker John P 241 King St 313 East Bay St unknown furnishings dry goods 1890 dry goods Thomson Samuel 292 + 367 King St 292 King St 292 King St unknown (retail) owner: dry 1890 dry goods Triest Maier Cohen & Triest 259 King St 4 Green St unknown goods (retai) 1890 dry goods notions (retail) Vicadomini Mrs Ann 119 King St 119 King St married female owner: fancy goods (retail), confectionery, toys, rubber 1890 dry goods goods, baby Von Santen Frederick Von Santen's 263 King St 6 Liberty St unknown carriages + manufactuers picture frames + ice cream
130 owner: fancy goods (retail), confectionery, toys, rubber 1890 dry goods goods, baby Von Santen Julius C Von Santen's 263 King St 19 New St unknown carriages + manufactuers picture frames + ice cream 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Warshavsky Benjamin 414 King St 414 King St unknown owner: dry 1890 dry goods Weaver Berryan C JR Read & Co 249 King St 26 Ashton unknown goods (retail) 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Weinstein Abraham 498 King St 498 King St unknown 1890 dry goods clothing (retail) Welensky Abram 132 King St 132 King St unknown dry goods 1890 dry goods Wetherhorn Philip 505 King St 505 King St unknown (retail) owner: clothing, fancy goods, dry 1890 dry goods Wilbur Theodore A TA Wilbur & Son 211 Meeting St 84 Pitt St unknown goods + notions (wholesale) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: clothing, fancy goods, dry 1890 dry goods Wilbur TS TA Wilbur & Son 211 Meeting St 79 Radcliffe St unknown goods + notions (wholesale) fancy goods 1890 dry goods Winberg Mrs Julia 503 King St 503 King St married female (retail) dry goods 1890 dry goods Zacharias Mrs Rosa M 543 King St 543 King St married female (retail) 1890 education music teacher Aichel Miss Nettie 150 Broad St 150 Broad St single female 1890 education teacher Alderson Miss AM Bennett School 35 St Philip St 57 Smith St single female 1890 education teacher Alexander Mrs GW 179 Queen St 179 Queen St married female 1890 education private school Alexander George W 179 Queen St 179 Queen St unknown Avery Normal 1890 education teacher Allen Miss EA 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute Avery Normal 1890 education teacher Allyn Miss Hattie J 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute 1890 education teacher Alpers Miss Virginia German Academy 81 St Philip St 124 Calhoun St single female
131 Charleston Female 1890 education teacher Althaus Madam AB 151 Wentworth St 151 Wentworth St unknown Seminary Shaw Memorial 1890 education teacher Armstrong Miss Alice E 20 Mary St 47 George St single female School (c) 1890 education teacher Armstrong Miss Eliza L Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 47 George St single female 1890 education teacher Baker Leonard T 6 Gibbes St 6 Minority St unknown Mrs / Madame 1890 education music teacher Barbot 51 Smith St* 51 Smith St married female BH 1890 education private school Barfield Miss AC 48 St Philip St* 48 St Philip St single female 1890 education teacher Bassett Miss Harriet L Crafts School 67 Legare St 12 Logan St single female 1890 education private school Bergmann Miss Mary 12 Elizabeth St 12 Elizabeth St single female St Patrick's Parochial 1890 education teacher Blaine Miss Louisa T 121 St Philip St 8 Franklin St single female School 1890 education professor Boaz Beauregard College of Charleston 66 George St 45 East Bay St unknown 1890 education professor Bond James SC Mill Academy 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St unknown 1890 education teacher Bowen (c) Susan A Wallingford Academy 400 Meeting St 133 Coming St unknown Charleston Orphan 1890 education teacher Bullen Miss T 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House 1890 education teacher Burrows Miss EC Bennett School 35 St Philip St 900 King St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1890 education professor Capers Francis W College of Charleston 66 George St 280 Calhoun St unknown 1890 education music teacher Cart Mrs Annie Confederate Home 62 Broad St 14 Gadsden St widow FG widowed female 1890 education teacher Colcock CJ Jr Porter Academy 70 President St 70 President St unknown 1890 education teacher Colcock Horton F Porter Academy 70 President St 70 President St unknown Shaw Memorial 1890 education teacher Cox Miss SR 20 Mary St 46 Pitt St single female School (c) Shaw Memorial 1890 education teacher Cruikshanks (c) Sarah 20 Mary St 46 Pitt St unknown School (c) music: professor 1890 education Dauer James 141 Calhoun St* 141 Calhoun St unknown of music Avery Normal 1890 education teacher Deas (c) Mary L 125 Bull St 2 Desportes St unknown Institute music: professor 1890 education Deden HL 94 Society St* 94 Society St unknown of music High School of 1890 education teacher Della Torre Thomas 24 George St 138 Broad St unknown Charleston other: 132 Instructor, 1890 education Manual Training Dillon EA Porter Academy 70 President St 70 President St unknown Department (education) 1890 education music teacher Doscher Miss Dora HH 242 Meeting St 242 Meeting St single female Avery Normal 1890 education teacher Dow (c) Grace C 125 Bull St 125 Bull St unknown Institute teacher: 1st 1890 education Dreyer Miss Adeline German Academy 81 St Philip St 77 Church St single female assistant teacher music: professor 1890 education Eckel Henry E 48 Pitt St 48 Pitt St unknown of music 1890 education teacher Edwards Mrs LA Crafts School 67 Legare St 179 Queen St married female 1890 education teacher Flynn Miss Mary F Crafts School 67 Legare St 43 Society St single female 1890 education teacher Froneberger Miss LC Crafts School 67 Legare St 23 Gadsden St single female language teacher: history, Charleston Female 1890 education Gadsden Miss Alice C 151 Wentworth St 46 South Battery St single female higher English + Seminary Latin High School of 1890 education teacher Gaillard William D 24 George St 45 East Bay St unknown Charleston 1890 education professor Gibbes Louis R College of Charleston 66 George St 38 Coming St unknown Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title music teacher: piano + singing; Charleston Female 1890 education Graduate of Godard Miss Nellie 151 Wentworth St 151 Wentworth St single female Seminary Wellesley College, Mass. 1890 education music teacher Gready Miss Ellen 272 Meeting St 278 Meeting St single female 1890 education teacher Grove Miss Carrie O Wallingford Academy 400 Meeting St 11 Nassau St single female 1890 education teacher Grove Miss Mollie A Wallingford Academy 400 Meeting St 11 Nassau St single female private school / 1890 education Gruber Mrs Sophia 222 King St 193 King St married female kindergarten Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher Gunn Miss Jane C 21 Jasper St 92 Radcliffe St single female School (c) Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher Halsey Miss Estelle A 21 Jasper St 58 Warren St single female School (c) music: professor 1890 education Harrison John T 82 King St* 82 King St unknown of music 1890 education private school Hendricks Miss Virginia L 66 Beaufain St 66 Beaufain St single female
133 Avery Normal 1890 education teacher Holmes (c) Miss May S 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute Avery Normal 1890 education teacher Holmes (c) Morrison A 125 Bull St 125 Bull St unknown Institute private school / 1890 education Huchet Miss Louisa 44 Bull St 44 Bull St single female teacher 1890 education private school Hyde Miss Eliza Y 13 King St 13 King St single female 1890 education teacher Johnson Miss Ellen Bennett School 35 St Philip St 146 St Philip St single female 1890 education teacher Johnson Miss Lucille Mrs Smith 97 Meeting St 22 King St single female 1890 education music teacher Kanapaux Miss Carrie 106 Queen St 106 Queen St single female owner: principal + proprietress; Charleston Female 1890 education ethics, natural Kelly Miss Etta A 151 Wentworth St 151 Wentworth St single female Seminary science + composition 1890 education private school Kelly Miss Laura G 99 Beaufain St 130 Wentworth St single female Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher King Miss Mattie A 21 Jasper St 119 Smith St single female School (c) Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher Knox Mrs John 21 Jasper St 2 Vanderhorst St married female School (c) 1890 education teacher LaCoste Miss Sadie Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 127 Queen St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title teacher + Avery Normal 1890 education Lawrence (c) Edward A 125 Bull St 73 Pitt St unknown librarian Institute St Patrick's Parochial 1890 education teacher Lucas Miss Ella 121 St Philip St 5 Sires St single female School Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher Mackenzie Miss EGM 21 Jasper St 154 Wentworth St single female School (c) Maloney / 1890 education music teacher Mrs HA 16 New St 16 New St married female Molony private school 1890 education Manigault, MA Louis Jr 6 Gibbes St 14 Lamboll St unknown for boys Memminger School: 1890 education teacher Marshall Miss Caroline A 12 St Philip St 8 King St single female 1-11 St Philip St 1890 education teacher Matheson Mrs MP Confederate Home 62 Broad St 15 Church St married female 1890 education teacher McCormick Miss EA Crafts School 67 Legare St 93 Lynch St single female Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher McIndoe Miss Agnes 21 Jasper St 160 Smith St single female School (c) Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher McIndoe Miss Helena 21 Jasper St 160 Smith St single female 134 School (c) 1890 education owner McKenney Walter D University School 141 Meeting St 115 Meeting St unknown 1890 education private school McKinley MH 130 Calhoun St 130 Calhoun St unknown 1890 education music teacher Melchers Miss Susan 93 Shepard St* 93 Shepard St single female Avery Normal 1890 education teacher Merriam Miss A 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute music teacher / 1890 education Metz Ernest C 1 Montagu St* 1 Montagu St unknown musician 1890 education teacher Middleton (c) Lucy Wallingford Academy 400 Meeting St 26 Charlotte St unknown 1890 education teacher Miles (c) Mary Wallingford Academy 400 Meeting St 103 Ashley ave unknown 1890 education teacher Missroon Mrs AC Crafts School 67 Legare St 18 Broad St married female 1890 education teacher Moffett Miss Anna Bennett School 35 St Philip St 131 Coming St single female Memminger School: 1890 education teacher Moore Miss Elise 12 St Philip St 10 Mill St single female 1-11 St Philip St Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher Mousseau Mrs Julia L 21 Jasper St 3 Charlotte St married female School (c) 1890 education teacher Neville Miss LE Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 142 Church St single female 1890 education private school O'Driscoll Mrs DM 64 Tradd St 64 Tradd St married female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher Oxlade Mrs EL 21 Jasper St 13 Wentworth St married female School (c) Ponnard / 1890 education music teacher Miss Theresa 57 Calhoun St 57 Calhoun St single female Ponard owner 1890 education Porcher Miss Ann S Misses Porcher 3 Smith Lane 3 Smith's Lane single female (education) owner 1890 education Porcher Miss Clelia L Misses Porcher 3 Smith Lane 3 Smith's Lane single female (education) owner 1890 education Porcher Miss Mary R Misses Porcher 3 Smith Lane 3 Smith's Lane single female (education) 1890 education music school Quigley Miss Ann T 95 Wentworth St 95 Wentworth St single female Memminger School: 1890 education teacher Quigley Miss LJ 12 St Philip St 95 Wentworth St single female 1-11 St Philip St Charleston Orphan 1890 education teacher Reilly Mrs AL 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St married female House private school / 1890 education Roach (c) C Richard 40 Race St 40 Race St unknown teacher
135 private school / 1890 education Robinson (c) Daniel 110 Tradd St 110 Tradd St unknown teacher 1890 education teacher Ronan Miss Harriet F Confederate Home 62 Broad St 56 Montagu St single female music: professor / teacher of 1890 education Ruddock Theo D 21 Pinckney St 21 Pinckney St unknown vocal music in public schools 1890 education professor Sachtleben Augustus College of Charleston 66 George St 52 Beaufain St unknown High School of 1890 education professor Schaefer William H 24 George St 4 Logan St unknown Charleston language: professor + Charleston Female lecturer English Shepherd, AM, Seminary; College of 1890 education Henry E 151 Wentworth St 45 East Bay St unknown literature + LLD Charleston / history; Charleston College president 1890 education private school Smith Miss Isabel A 97 Meeting St 43 Meeting St single female St Joseph Parochial 1890 education teacher Speissegger Miss JA 87 Anson St 45 Vanderhorst St single female School 1890 education teacher Starr Miss EM Bennett School 35 St Philip St 91 Smith St single female 1890 education music teacher Strobel Miss Emily 39 Society St* 39 Society St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Morris Street Colored 1890 education teacher Sweegan Miss Agnes F 21 Jasper St 22 Savage St single female School (c) 1890 education teacher Sweegan Miss Mary A Crafts School 67 Legare St 22 Savage St single female 1890 education private school Toomer Mrs M Ellen 7 College St 7 College St married female Memminger School: 1890 education teacher Viett Miss Jeanne 12 St Philip St 18 Water St single female 1-11 St Philip St music: professor 1890 education Wade Porter Mills House* 115 Meeting St 115 Meeting St unknown of music 1890 education professor Wagener Hancke F College of Charleston 66 George St 58 St Philip St unknown High School of 1890 education teacher Whitehead, AB WB 24 George St 40 Charlotte St unknown Charleston teacher: primary Charleston Female 1890 education Wightman Miss Maria D 151 Wentworth St 79 Anson St widow widowed female department Seminary 1890 education music teacher Wilson Miss Mary Confederate Home 62 Broad St 4 Wragg St single female 1890 education teacher Wyld Miss JP Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 28 Amherst St single female owner: John Hurkamp & Co: 1890 groceries wholesale fancy Aichel Oskar 103 Broad St 20 New St unknown
136 se cor King + Broad grocers 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Albenesius Edward 28 Pitt St 28 Pitt St unknown grocer + saloon 1890 groceries Baker John 17 State St 4 Chalmers St unknown (retail) 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Becker William L foot of Gadsden St 2 Gadsden St 71 Bull St unknown owner: grocers Beckmann Matthies & 1890 groceries Beckmann JW 186 East Bay St 25 Charlotte St unknown (wholesale) Co grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Behlmer Frederick CW 38 Ashley ave* 38 Ashley ave unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Behlmer George HG 70 Columbus St 70 Columbus St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Behlmer Henry C 30 Magazine St 30 Magazine St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Behlmer Henry W 98 Ashley ave 98 Ashley ave unknown saloon groceries 1890 groceries Berndt Julius F 95 Line St 95 Line St unknown (retail) + saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Bertocci Angelo 75 King St 75 King St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Bierfischer Ernest F 13 Calhoun St 13 Calhoun St unknown saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Bierfischer Henry E 32 Laurens St 32 Laurens St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Blanken Claus H 71 Washington St 71 Washington St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Blase Charles H 44 America St 44 America St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Bode Mrs H 390 Meeting St 390 Meeting St married female grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Boesch Diedrich 182 Coming St 182 Coming St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Boette Charles 23 Chapel St 23 Chapel St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Bokern Richard 41 Calhoun St 41 Calhoun St unknown saloon owner: grocers Bollman Bros: 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Bollman Behrend 157 East Bay St 33 Charlotte St unknown 157 + 159 East Bay St liquors owner: grocers Bollman Bros: 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Bollman Diedrich 157 East Bay St 33 Charlotte St unknown 157 + 159 East Bay St liquors 137 owner: grocers 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Boyd Bernard Boyd Bros 195 East Bay St 59 Meeting St unknown liquor dealers owner: grocers 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Boyd John Boyd Bros 195 East Bay St 10 Judith St unknown liquor dealers owner: grocers (wholesale), FW Wagener & Co: 1890 groceries liquor dealers + Bremer HF 161 East Bay St 37 Hasell St unknown 161-165 East Bay St cotton + naval stores factors owner: grocers 1890 groceries Breuer Hermann FW Breuer & Kohnke 83 Coming St 83 Coming St unknown (retail) grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Bruns Henry R 60 Calhoun St 60 Calhoun St unknown saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Buck Henry H Buck & Son 114 Cannon St 114 Cannon St unknown (retail) owner: grocers 1890 groceries Buck Henry WH H Buck & Son 114 Cannon St 114 Cannon St unknown (retail) grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Buck John W 224 Coming St 220 Coming St unknown saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Bullwinkle George 70 Rutledge ave* 70 Rutledge ave unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Bullwinkle John 15 King St 15 King St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Bullwinkle John H 40 Archdale St 133 Queen St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Bunger Hermann H 145 Rutledge ave 145 Rutledge ave unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Burns John 461 King St 357 Meeting St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Butts John M 113 St Philip St 113 St Philip St unknown groceries 1890 groceries (retail) + saloon Cammann CA 483 + 485 Meeting St 483 Meeting St 483 Meeting St unknown + hay + grain owner: grocers 1890 groceries Cantini Amania G & A Cantini 78 King St 78 King St unknown (retail) + saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Cantini G G & A Cantini 169 Tradd St 169 Tradd St unknown (retail) + saloon 138 groceries 1890 groceries Cappelmann FW 412 Meeting St 412 Meeting St unknown (retail) + liquors groceries 1890 groceries Carney Francis J 388 Meeting St 388 Meeting St unknown (retail) + saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Carpenter William W 487 King St 23 Mill St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Carroll Robert J 139 Church St 7 State St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Cartmill John 41 Mount St 41 Mount St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Castens Carsten H 10 Inspection St 10 Inspection St unknown saloon owner: groceries 1890 groceries Chafee William H Wm H Chafee & Co 209 East Bay St 297 King St unknown (wholesale) 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Chin Sang Charles 73 King St 73 King St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Claussen John C 284 East Bay St 282 East Bay St unknown saloon groceries 1890 groceries Dood Bernhard J 94 Spring St* 94 Spring St unknown (retail) + saloon groceries 1890 groceries Doscher Ernest H 647 + 649 King St 647 King St 647 King St unknown (retail) + saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title groceries 1890 groceries Doscher John H 58 Meeting St 58 Meeting St unknown (retail) + saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Dosher August 171 Spring St 171 Spring St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Dosher August F 1 Coming St 1 Coming St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Drews Hermann 22 Inspection St 22 Inspection St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Dreyer Gevert 77 Church St 77 Church St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Dreyer J Henry 81 Cannon St 81 Cannon St unknown saloon Gorse & Dreyer: owner: grocers 1890 groceries Dreyer John W Meeting sw cor 689 Meeting St 689 Meeting St unknown (retail) + saloon Romney groceries 1890 groceries Ducker William J 558 King St 558 King St unknown (retail) + liquors owner: grocers 139 1890 groceries Duncan Angus Duncan Bros 29 Wentworth St 29 Wentworth St unknown (retail) + saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Duncan John Duncan Bros 29 Wentworth St 29 Wentworth St unknown (retail) + saloon cor King + Limits / se groceries 1890 groceries Dunnemann Mrs Doretta cor King + City 380 King St 380 King St married female (retail) + saloon Boundary owner: grocers Welch & Eason: (wholesale, 1890 groceries Eason Lanier 185 + 187 Meeting St 185 Meeting St 112 Beaufain St unknown fancy + retail), + 117 Market St etc 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Ehrichs Henry 44 Morris St 44 Morris St unknown groceries 1890 groceries Eickmeyer Henry 67 Market St 67 Market St unknown (retail) + saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Esdorn Herman 49 Gadsden St 49 Gadsden St unknown saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Feldman Benjamin B Feldman & Co 314 King St 314 King St unknown (retail) 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Feran James 25 Tradd St 25 Tradd St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Fischbeck Henry 46 President St 46 President St unknown saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Fischer HA / A 124 Coming St 124 Coming St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Fitter George N 59 Anson St 59 Anson St unknown saloon Henry O / C 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Flathmann 175 Spring St 175 Spring St unknown Henry grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Fogarty Simon 90 Broad St 90 Broad St unknown saloon widow 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Garbini Mrs A 47 Market St 47 Market St widowed female Angelo H Bullwinkle & Co: owner: hay, 162 East Bay St (hay, grain, etc; 1890 groceries Gartlemann CD etc); 15, 17 + 19 15 Elizabeth St 63 Charlotte St unknown groceries Elizabeth St (retail) + saloon (groceries, etc) grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Gartner Henry 176 Line St 176 Line St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Geerdes Henry 56 Market St 56 Market St unknown 140 Gorse & Dreyer at owner: grocers 1890 groceries Gorse PN Meeting sw cor 318 Meeting St 318 Meeting St unknown (retail) + saloon Romney groceries 1890 groceries Gorse AJW 54 Market St 54 Market St unknown (retail) + liquors grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Gotjen Mrs ACF 185 King St 185 King St married female saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Gotjen DW 184 + 186 King St 184 King St 184 King St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocery (retail) Gratzick Joseph cor Congress + Senate 28 Congress St 28 Congress St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hackemann William D 19 Elizabeth St 19 Elizabeth St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Haesloop Henry 616-618 King St 616 King St 616 King St unknown H Bullwinkle & Co: owner: hay, 162 East Bay St (hay, grain, etc; 1890 groceries Haesloop John H etc); 15, 17 + 19 15 Elizabeth St 43 Charlotte St unknown groceries Elizabeth St (retail) + saloon (groceries, etc) grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Harken J Henry 208 Rutledge ave 208 Rutledge ave unknown saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Harken John H Jr 161 Rutledge ave 161 Rutledge ave unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Hass Mary 10 Wall St 10 Wall St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Heinsohn Edward bakery at 19 Friend St 129 Broad St 129 Broad St unknown saloon; baker grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Heinsohn Franz / Francis 609 King St 609 King St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Heinsohn John H 121 Tradd St 121 Tradd St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hencken Charles F 540 Meeting St 540 Meeting St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Henken Henry 39 King St 39 King St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hentze Albert W 53 Bogard St 53 Bogard St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Hernholm John S 186 Spring St 186 Spring St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hesenkamp William CF 102 Church St 102 Church St unknown
141 saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hesse C Henry 164 Wentworth St 164 Wentworth St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hesse J Herman 358-360 King St 360 King St 360 King St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hesse John N 2 Montagu St 2 Montagu St unknown saloon 151 Meeting St grocer (retail); 1890 groceries Hesse EJ (grocery); 150 King St 151 Meeting St 151 Meeting St unknown boots + shoes (boots + shoes) 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Heyer John H 41 Bogard St 41 Bogard St unknown groceries 1890 groceries Hilson Paul J 431 King St 431 King St unknown (retail) grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hollings A Frederick D 134 Rutledge ave 134 Rutledge ave unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hollings John 2 John St 2 John St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Holst Henry 31 Calhoun St 31 Calhoun St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Honour William E Jr 509 King St 55 East Bay St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hopke Rudolph 32 Anson St 32 Anson St unknown saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Hopke Theodore 78 Anson St 78 Anson St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Hughes John se cor Aiken + Blake 37 Blake St 37 Blake St unknown groceries 1890 groceries Hutwalcker Christian F 353 Meeting St 353 Meeting St unknown (retail) + saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Irwin Mrs Ellen 3 King St 3 King St married female 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Jachens Bernhard 26 Archdale St 26 Archdale St unknown grocery (retail) 1890 groceries Jones Rudolph 49 Elizabeth St 49 Elizabeth St unknown + saloon owner: grocers H Jordan & Son: 1890 groceries (retail) + saloon; Jordan William F 2 Limehouse St; 2 Limehouse St 2 Limehouse St unknown proprietor Eagle Spice Mills 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Jorgensen Mrs Annie 38 Calhoun St 38 Calhoun St married female groceries 1890 groceries Kahrs Mrs Anna King se cor Romney 1072 King St 1072 King St married female (retail) grocery (retail) 1890 groceries Kangeter John 132 Spring St 132 Spring St unknown + saloon 142 grocery (retail) 1890 groceries Kangeter LC 490 Meeting St 492 Meeting St unknown + saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Klaren Frederick W 269 Coming St 269 Coming St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Klenke John 46 Coming St 46 Coming St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Klenke John H 79 East Bay St 79 East Bay St unknown saloon owner: fancy Klinck, Wickenburg & 1890 groceries groceries Klinck Gustavus W Co: 46 Broad St 134 Broad St unknown (retail) 46 + 48 Broad St owner: grocers 1890 groceries Kohnke Ernst G Breuer & Kohnke 83 Coming St 83 Coming St unknown (retail) owner: grocers 1890 groceries Kohnke Frederick C Breuer & Kohnke 83 Coming St 83 Coming St unknown (retail) grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Koopman Frederick 107 Broad St 107 Broad St unknown saloon owner: grocers (wholesale), FW Wagener & Co: 1890 groceries liquor dealers + Koster Julius J 161 East Bay St 4 Glebe St unknown 161-165 East Bay St cotton + naval stores factors Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Koster Louis H 60 Line St 60 Line St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Kressel Frank Jr 228 East Bay St 228 East Bay St unknown ship chandler grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Kruer Hancke 3 Minority St 3 Minority St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Kruger Henry 188 Spring St 188 Spring St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Kuck Givert 12 Bull St 12 Bull St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Kuck John 48 Mary St 48 Mary St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Kuck Martin 56 Gadsden St 56 Gadsden St unknown saloon widow 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Kuck Mrs Louisa 43 Cannon St 43 Cannon St widowed female Henry 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Kuhland CW 38 Alexander St 38 Alexander St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Law / Lau John 186 St Philip St 186 St Philip St unknown owner: grocers 143 (wholesale) + 1890 groceries Lesemann AHD Wohlers & Lesemann 213 East Bay St 48 Laurens St unknown commission merchants grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Lilienthal Carsten 615 King St 615 King St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Lilienthal John C 34 Archdale St 34 Archdale St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Lilienthal John F 94 Tradd St 94 Tradd St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Littmoden Carsten H 43 America St 43 America St unknown saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Lorenzi Maurice B Lorenzi & McManus 11 Council St 11 Council St unknown (retail) + liquors grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Lubs John C 81 Rutledge ave 81 Rutledge ave unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Lubs John HF 178 Calhoun St 176 Calhoun St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Luden John H 62 St Philip St 62 St Philip St unknown grocer 1890 groceries Luden JJW 167 + 169 East Bay St 167 East Bay St 142 Cannon St unknown (wholesale) grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Luden MW 534 King St 534 King St unknown saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Lutjen Berend 157 Broad St 157 Broad St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Mahlstedt Louis D 17 Mary St 17 Mary St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Mappus Christian 84 Beaufain St 84 Beaufain St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Mappus Henry 10 Laurens St 10 Laurens St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Mappus John J 124 Smith St 124 Smith St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Mappus William 46 Spring St 46 Spring St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Martschink Henry 18 Tradd St 18 Tradd St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Matthews AE 156 Tradd St 156 Tradd St unknown saloon owner: grocers Beckmann Matthies & 1890 groceries Matthies August 186 East Bay St 18 Ashton unknown (wholesale) Co
144 grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries McElhose William 81 Calhoun St 81 Calhoun St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) McMahon Miss Mary 146 Tradd St 146 Tradd St single female owner: grocers 1890 groceries McManus Michael J Lorenzi & McManus 11 Council St 22 Council St unknown (retail) + liquors owner: grocers 1890 groceries Mehrens GH Ostendorff & Mehrens 240 King St 58 George St unknown (retail) owner: grocers, rice, flour Melchers & Co: 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Melchers Louis A 201 East Bay St 105 Drake St unknown 201 + 203 East Bay St commission merchants owner: grocers, rice, flour Melchers & Co: 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Melchers Theodore 201 East Bay St 105 Drake St unknown 201 + 203 East Bay St commission merchants grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Meyer Henry R 147 King St 147 King St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Meyer John DE 126 Church St 126 Church St unknown saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Meyer John F 25 Church St 25 Church St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Meyer John F 52 Gadsden St 52 Gadsden St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Meyer John F Jr 39 Cooper St 39 Cooper St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Meyers Steedman 193 Rutledge ave* 193 Rutledge ave unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Mickey (c) Samuel G 105 Calhoun St 236 Coming St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Mindermann John H 54 Warren St 54 Warren St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Missel George 1 Jasper St 1 Jasper St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Mohlmann HGW 12 Line St 12 Line St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Mohring Diedrick F 117 Nassau St 117 Nassau St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Mohring Henry 22 Cannon St 22 Cannon St unknown 145 saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Mohring William 153 Church St 153 Church St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Molony James 156 Church St 156 Church St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Muller Christian 328 King St 241 King St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Muller Ernest A 12 Queen St 12 Queen St unknown saloon general store 1890 groceries Nealan Mrs Ann 128 Church St 128 Church St married female (retail) 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Nohrden William C 39 Washington St 39 Washington St unknown groceries 1890 groceries Nolte Henry 26 Vanderhorst St 26 Vanderhorst St unknown (retail) + saloon owner: grocers B O'Neill & Sons; 1890 groceries (wholesale); O'Neill Bernard Hiberian Savings 191 East Bay St 1 East Battery St unknown president Bank owner: grocers 1890 groceries O'Neill Frank Q B O'Neill & Sons 191 East Bay St 1 East Battery St unknown (wholesale) owner: grocers 1890 groceries O'Neill Ignatius P B O'Neill & Sons 191 East Bay St 65 Rutledge ave unknown (wholesale) owner: grocers 1890 groceries O'Neill James B B O'Neill & Sons 191 East Bay St 1 East Battery St unknown (wholesale) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries O'Shaughnessy Mrs Mary 9 Queen St 9 Queen St married female saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Ohlandt Diedrick W 42 Meeting St 42 Meeting St unknown owner: grocers 1890 groceries Ortmann Adam L CL Ortmann & Son 141 Broad St 141 Broad St unknown (retail) + saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Ortmann C Louis CL Ortmann & Son 141 Broad St 141 Broad St unknown (retail) + saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Ostendorff GDW Ostendorff & Mehrens 240 King St 58 Society St unknown (retail) owner: grocers F Osterholtz & Co: 1890 groceries Osterholtz Frederick 623 Meeting St 623 Meeting St unknown (retail) + saloon Meeting sw cor Butler grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Osterholtz Henry FD 11 Ashley ave 12 Ashley ave unknown saloon owner: fancy 1890 groceries groceries Paul George John Paul & Co 49 Broad St 94 Church St unknown (retail) owner: fancy 1890 groceries groceries Paul John John Paul & Co 49 Broad St 5 Franklin St unknown 146 (retail) owner: grocers H Pauls & Son: 1890 groceries (retail) + saloon, Pauls Charles H 44 State St 45 State St unknown 44-46 State St + hay + grain owner: grocers H Pauls & Son: 1890 groceries (retail) + saloon, Pauls Henry 44 State St 44 State St unknown 44-46 State St + hay + grain 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Pearlstine IM 493 King St 493 King St unknown groceries 1890 groceries Peecksen H Roelf 593 King St 91 Reid St unknown (retail) + liquors groceries 1890 groceries Peecksen JN 514 King St 91 Reid St unknown (retail) + liquors grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Petermann John C 378 King St 378 King St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Peters Carsten H 54 Chapel St 54 Chapel St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Pieper J Frederick 590 King St 590 King St unknown saloon groceries 1890 groceries Ploger Frantz H 269 Meeting St 269 Meeting St unknown (retail) + saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title general store 1890 groceries Pritchett George A 111 Coming St 69 Bull St unknown (retail) 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Puckhaber Behrend F 19 Franklin St 19 Franklin St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Puckhaber Frederick 86 Coming St 192 Calhoun St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Puckhaber Henrich 14 Franklin St 14 Franklin St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Puckhaber John F 84 Calhoun St 84 Calhoun St unknown saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Quirollo LH JF Werner & Co 166 East Bay St 192 Wentworth St unknown (wholesale) 1890 groceries grocer Reils Benjamin 160 Tradd St 160 Tradd St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Renken Henry 458 Meeting St 458 Meeting St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Renken Henry K 173 Smith St 173 Smith St unknown 1890 groceries grocer Richter Mrs A 111 Line St 111 Line St married female 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Richter Rudolph 138.5 Line St 138.5 Line St unknown 147 1890 groceries grocer + saloon Rickels Eibe H 127 Church St 127 Church St unknown 1890 groceries grocer Rickels John H 104 Concord St 104 Concord St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Riechers Frederick N 38 Aiken St 38 Aiken St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Riley John J 49 Beaufain St 49 Beaufain St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Rink Henry W 36 Blake 36 Blake unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Rink John A 16 America St 16 America St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Riols Benjamin 158 Tradd St 158 Tradd St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Roddy Thomas 36 Queen St 45 Queen St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Rodemann George L 607 King St 607 King St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + Mazyck St is now 1890 groceries Rosebrook Hermann 35 Logan St 35 Logan St unknown saloon known as Logan St 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Rosebrook John H 131 Queen St 131 Queen St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Schlepegrell John A 32 Allway St 32 Allway St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Schmancke CL 494 King St 88 Mary St unknown Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Schmetzer George C 40 Alexander St 40 Alexander St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + nw corner Reid + 1890 groceries Schmonsees Charles H 45 Drake St 45 Drake St unknown saloon Drake grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Schmonsees John 28 Hasell St 28 Hasell St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Schnell Leopold 134 Market St 58 Society St unknown owner: grocers 1890 groceries Schultz Arnold L Schultz Bros 121 Anson St 43 East Bay St unknown (retail) + saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Schultz Christian H Schultz Bros 121 Anson St 121 Anson St unknown (retail) + saloon widow 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Schultze Mrs Dorothea 175 Smith St 175 Smith St widowed female Henry grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Schumacher William AT 14 Vernon St 14 Vernon St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Schwecke John H 9 Inspection St 9 Inspection St unknown saloon
148 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Seebeck Jacob HC 251 St Philip St 249 St Philip St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Semken Gevert 86 Rutledge ave 86 Rutledge ave unknown saloon grocer (retail) + Mazyck St is now 1890 groceries Semken Henry 60 Logan St 60 Logan St unknown saloon known as Logan St 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Sieling Frederick 60 Lynch St 60 Lynch St unknown H Bullwinkle & Co: owner: hay, 162 East Bay St (hay, grain, etc; 1890 groceries Sieling Fritz D etc); 15, 17 + 19 15 Elizabeth St 2 Liberty St unknown groceries Elizabeth St (retail) + saloon (groceries, etc) 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Siemers Frederick 62 Alexander 62 Alexander unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Simmons James S 563 King St 78 Ashley ave unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Small John W 12 Laurens St 12 Laurens St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Sohl Henry 109 Drake St 109 Drake St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Spincken Diedrick 246 St Philip St 246 St Philip St unknown saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Steffens George W GW Steffens & Sons 197 East Bay St 44 Montagu St unknown (wholesale) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: grocers 1890 groceries Steffens George W Jr GW Steffens & Sons 197 East Bay St 44 Montagu St unknown (wholesale) 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Stehmeyer Dick 24 St Philip St 24 St Philip St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Steinberg Louis 116 Wentworth St 116 Wentworth St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Stelling Henry 52 Anson St 52 Anson St unknown saloon owner: grocers Beckmann Matthies & 1890 groceries Stelling JH 186 East Bay St 77 Coming St unknown (wholesale) Co owner: grocers F Osterholtz & Co: 1890 groceries Stelljes John 623 Meeting St 623 Meeting St unknown (retail) + saloon Meeting sw cor Butler grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Stello Karl C 58 Calhoun St 58 Calhoun St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Stemmermann Albert 32 Bull St 32 Bull St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Sturm HWL 426 Meeting St 426 Meeting St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Swinton Henry E 197 Spring St 197 Spring St unknown
149 grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Tecklenburg Henry 34 Beaufain St 14 St Philip St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Tecklenburg John P 14 St Philip St 14 St Philip St unknown owner: grocers 1890 groceries Teskey Robert B Feldman & Co 314 King St 32 George St unknown (retail) grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Thee Fritz 34 Amherst St 34 Amherst St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Thiele Henry 646 King St 646 King St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Thiele Philip 65 Market St 65 Market St unknown saloon Otto Tiedeman & owner: grocers Sons: 1890 groceries + provisions Tiedeman John C 172 East Bay St 130 Broad St unknown 172, 174 + 176 East (wholesale) Bay St Otto Tiedeman & owner: grocers Sons: 1890 groceries + provisions Tiedeman Otto 172 East Bay St 152 Broad St unknown 172, 174 + 176 East (wholesale) Bay St Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Otto Tiedeman & owner: grocers Sons: 1890 groceries + provisions Tiedeman Otto Jr 172 East Bay St 19 Legare St unknown 172, 174 + 176 East (wholesale) Bay St grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Tiedemann John H 185 Spring St 185 Spring St unknown saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Tiedemann CBG Tiedemann Bros 2 Woolfe St 2 Woolfe St unknown (retail) + saloon owner: grocers 1890 groceries Tiedemann HJF Tiedemann Bros 2 Woolfe St 2 Woolfe St unknown (retail) + saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Tiencken John A 60 America St 60 America St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Tietjen John H 153 St Philip St 153 St Philip St unknown owner: grocers Wulburn & Co: 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Tobias Ashley C 171 East Bay St 123 Wentworth St unknown 171 + 173 East Bay St liquors grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Viohl Henry 34 Tradd St 34 Tradd St unknown saloon 150 grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Voigt Henry 58 Morris St 58 Morris St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Vollers John H 18 Beaufain St 18 Beaufain St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Von Dohlen Conrad A 573 King St 573 King St unknown saloon owner: 1890 groceries Von Kolnitz George F Wayne & Von Kolnitz 147 East Bay St 126 Smith St unknown provisions owner: fancy groceries, coffee (wholesale + Von Oven Bros @ 276 1890 groceries retail) + liquor Von Oven Ferdinand King St; independent 237 King St 52 Laurens St unknown dealers; @ 237 King St groceries, wines + liquors owner: fancy groceries, coffee 1890 groceries (wholesale + Von Oven Theodore Von Oven Bros 276 King St 52 Laurens St unknown retail) + liquor dealers Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: grocers (wholesale) + 1890 groceries Wagener Emil A Wagener Bros 193 East Bay St 6 Green St unknown commission merchants owner: grocers (wholesale), FW Wagener & Co: 1890 groceries liquor dealers + Wagener Frederick W 161 East Bay St 117 Broad St unknown 161-165 East Bay St cotton + naval stores factors owner: grocers (wholesale), FW Wagener & Co: 1890 groceries liquor dealers + Wagener George A 161 East Bay St 41 Rutledge Ave unknown 161-165 East Bay St cotton + naval stores factors owner: grocers (wholesale) + 1890 groceries Wagener John A Wagener Bros 193 East Bay St 58 St Philip St unknown commission merchants 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Walker Henry C 60 Anson St 60 Anson St unknown
151 owner: 1890 groceries Wayne Daniel G Wayne & Von Kolnitz 147 East Bay St 80 Rutledge ave unknown provisions 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Webb John 189 + 191 Meeting St 189 Meeting St 41 Hasell St unknown grocer (retail) / 1890 groceries Weber Mrs Margaret F 107 King St 107 King St married female general store grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Wehmann Fritz 309 East Bay St 330 East Bay St unknown saloon owner: grocers Welch & Eason: (wholesale, 1890 groceries Welch William H 185 + 187 Meeting St 185 Meeting St 10 Rutledge ave unknown fancy + retail), + 117 Market St etc owner: grocers 1890 groceries Werner John F JF Werner & Co 166 East Bay St 175 Queen St unknown (wholesale) grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Wiermann Eibe 156 Coming St 156 Coming St unknown saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Wieters Frederick 82 Calhoun St 82 Calhoun St unknown grocer 183, 178 + 180 East 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Wieters Otto F 183 East Bay St 54 Bee St unknown Bay St liquor dealer grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Wigger John H 114 King St 208 Coming St unknown saloon Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Wille Henry 1 Henrietta St 1 Henrietta St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Wilson Samuel H 284 King St 16 Green St unknown owner: grocers 1890 groceries Witcofskey John F JF + TK Witcofskey 429 King St 429 King St unknown (retail) owner: grocers 1890 groceries Witcofskey Thomas K JF + TK Witcofskey 429 King St 429 King St unknown (retail) 1890 groceries grocer Witt Henry 40 Radcliffe St 40 Radcliffe St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Witt Henry 70 St Philip St 157 Coming St unknown grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Witt Henry 157 Coming St 157 Coming St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Witt AF 83 Anson St 83 Anson St unknown saloon grocer (retail) + 1890 groceries Wittschen Mrs Catherine 504 Meeting St 504 Meeting St married female saloon 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Wohlers Mrs Julius C 105 Coming St 105 Coming St married female owner: grocers (wholesale) +
152 1890 groceries Wohlers Henry C Wohlers & Lesemann 213 East Bay St 79 East Bay St unknown commission merchants 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Wohlers John H 463 King St 105 Coming St unknown 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Wood William 89 King St 89 King St unknown 1890 groceries grocer Wood Wing 89 King St 89 King St unknown owner: grocers Wulburn & Co: 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Wulburn Carsten 171 East Bay St 164 Wentworth St unknown 171 + 173 East Bay St liquors owner: grocers Wulburn & Co: 1890 groceries (wholesale) + Wulburn John 171 East Bay St 42 Hasell St unknown 171 + 173 East Bay St liquors 73 Nassau St (business); 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Zeits John 73 Nassau St 182 Queen St unknown 182 Queen St (general) 1890 groceries grocer (retail) Zertuoi Angelo 41 St Philip St 41 St Philip St unknown 1890 law attorney at law Austin William over 40 Broad St 60 Church St unknown Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 36 Broad St (Corrections); 12 Broad St 1890 law attorney at law Bacot Julius M 36 Broad St 69 Coming St unknown (business); over 12 Broad St (general) McCrady, Sons & owner / 1890 law Bacot Thomas W Bacot (attorneys); 29 Broad St 22 Water St unknown attorney over over; Barker, Gilliland owner / 1890 law Barker Theo G & Fitzsimons 16 Broad St 131 Tradd St unknown attorney (attorneys) Brawley & Barnwell owner / 1890 law Barnwell Joseph W (attorneys); 18 Broad St 48 South Bay St unknown attorney over 18 + 20 Broad St 1890 law attorney at law Bissell Clement S over 24 Broad St 37 Rutledge ave unknown attorney at law, law office over 63 member House Broad St (attorney): 1890 law of Bolger HLP 63 Broad St 149 East Bay St unknown
153 12 Court House Representatives Square (trial justice) + trial justice Brawley & Barnwell owner / 1890 law Brawley William H (attorneys); 18 Broad St 9 Legare St unknown attorney over 18 + 20 Broad St Freeman & Browne 1890 law lawyer / owner Browne (c) Robert C 1 Court House Sq 21 Felix St unknown (c) (lawyers) Mayor; owner / Honorable Bryan & Bryan 1890 law Bryan 11 Broad St 40 East Bay St unknown attorney George D (attorneys); over owner / Bryan & Bryan 1890 law Bryan JP Kennedy 11 Broad St 31 East Battery St unknown attorney (attorneys); over owner / Buist & Buist 1890 law Buist George Lamb 30 Broad St 283 Meeting St unknown attorney (attorneys); over owner / Buist & Buist 1890 law Buist Henry 30 Broad St 49 Laurens St unknown attorney (attorneys); over 1890 law lawyer Burke James E 92 Broad St 83 King St unknown lawyer + trial 1890 law Burnett Barnwell R over 28 Broad St 126 Tradd St unknown justice 1890 law attorney at law Butler W Enston over 23 Broad St 6 Hampstead Sq unknown 1890 law attorney at law Cappelmann John D 65 Broad St 590 King St unknown Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1890 law lawyer Cheves Langdon over 18 + 20 Broad St 18 Broad St 63 South Bay St unknown 1890 law attorney at law Chisolm J Bachman over 26 Broad St 11 Rutledge ave unknown Charleston Library 1890 law lawyer Cogswell Julius E 50 Broad St 56 Pitt St unknown Building 1890 law attorney at law Cohen Asher D 88 Broad St 16 Vanderhorst St unknown Cuningham & owner / 1890 law Cuningham Clarence Cuningham (lawyers); 42 Broad St 12 Church St unknown attorney over Cuningham & owner / 1890 law Cuningham John Cuningham (lawyers); 42 Broad St 444 King St unknown attorney over lawyer + 1890 law Assistant US DeSaussure Henry A over 23 Broad St 47 East Bay St unknown District Attorney attorney at law 1890 law Devereux Francis J office over 11 Broad St 2 Jonathan Lucas St unknown + clerk city court 1890 law lawyer Dingle G Wesley 61 Broad St 61 Broad St unknown
154 1890 law attorney at law Ficken John F 54 Broad St 72 Rutledge ave unknown 1890 law attorney at law Fitch William M over 40 Broad St 100 Beaufain St unknown over; Barker, Gilliland owner / 1890 law Fitzsimons W Huger & Fitzsimons 16 Broad St 7 Lamboll St unknown attorney (attorneys) Freeman & Browne 1890 law lawyer / owner Freeman (c) John M 1 Court House Sq 119 Calhoun St unknown (c) (lawyers) Charleston Library 1890 law attorney at law Frost Frank A 50 Broad St 3 East Battery St unknown Building lawyer; US 1890 law Gayer William J over 40 Broad St 64 Meeting St unknown Commissioner over; Barker, Gilliland owner / 1890 law Gilliland Daniel B & Fitzsimons 16 Broad St 43 Anson St unknown attorney (attorneys) 1890 law attorney at law Gourdin Moultrie W over 28 Broad St 4 Meeting St unknown 1890 law attorney at law Grimball John 43 Broad St 12 Thomas St unknown 1890 law lawyer Hagood BA 12 Broad St 1 Maiden Lane unknown 1890 law attorney at law Hollings EB 26 Broad St 136 Rutledge ave unknown 1890 law lawyer Holmes George S over 39 Broad St 34 South Battery St unknown 1890 law attorney at law Huger Arthur M over 28 Broad St 169 Church St unknown Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1890 law lawyer Hughes Edward W over 11 Broad St 88 Rutledge ave unknown owner / Lord & Hyde 1890 law Hyde Simeon 32 Broad St 11 King St unknown attorney (attorneys); over Inglesby & Miller owner / (attorneys), 1890 law Inglesby Charles 33 Broad St 5 Gibbes St unknown attorney Corporation Council: over attorney at law; 1890 law solicitor 1st Jervey W St Julien over 14 Broad St 9 King St unknown Circuit Smythe & Lee owner / 1890 law Lee A Markley (attorneys); 7 Broad St 132 Tradd St unknown attorney over 7 + 9 Broad St 1890 law lawyer Lee (c) Samuel J 10 Court House Sq 21 Woolfe St unknown owner / AG Magrath & Son 1890 law Magrath Andrew G 58 Broad St 16 Bee St unknown attorney (attorneys); over owner / AG Magrath & Son 1890 law Magrath Andrew G Jr 58 Broad St 38 Rutledge ave unknown attorney (attorneys); over 155 1890 law attorney at law Mazyck Arthur over 23 Broad St 133 Broad St unknown 1890 law lawyer McCormack George W 32 Broad St 36 Pitt St unknown McCrady, Sons & owner / 1890 law McCrady Edward Bacot (attorneys); 29 Broad St 9 Water St unknown attorney over McCrady, Sons & owner / 1890 law McCrady Edward Jr Bacot (attorneys); 29 Broad St 20 Montagu St unknown attorney over McCrady, Sons & owner / 1890 law McCrady Louis deB Bacot (attorneys); 29 Broad St 56 South Bay unknown attorney over lawyer + member of the 1890 law McHugh Charles A over 59 Broad St 7 Legare St unknown House of Representatives 1890 law attorney at law McHugh Francis L over 38 Broad St 28 New St unknown 1890 law lawyer Memminger R Withers Jr 28 Broad St 29 Legare St unknown 1890 law lawyer / Master Miles C Richardson Court House 83 Broad St 173 Broad St unknown 1890 law attorney at law Millar John C 33 Broad St 15 Legare St unknown Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner / Inglesby & Miller 1890 law Miller William C 33 Broad St 321 East Bay St unknown attorney (attorneys); over Henry E Jr / 1890 law attorney at law Mitchell over 39 Broad St 57 Lynch unknown Horace W Jr owner / Mitchell & Smith 1890 law Mitchell Julian 31 Broad St 75 Ashley ave unknown attorney (attorneys); over 1890 law attorney at law Mordecai T Moultrie 43 - 47 Broad St 45 Broad St 12 Rutledge ave unknown 1890 law attorney at law Muckenfuss W Murrah rear 33 Broad St 122 Wentworth St unknown 1890 law lawyer Nathan Jacob N over 15 Broad St 3 College St unknown Charleston Library 1890 law lawyer Parker William Henry Jr 50 Broad St 128 Tradd St unknown Building 1890 law attorney at law Perry J Lamb over 36 Broad St 284 Meeting St unknown lawyer; City 1890 law Pringle WA 27 King St* 27 King St unknown Recorder 1890 law attorney at law Prioleau Charles E over 14 Broad St 7 Gibbes St unknown owner / Trenholm & Rhett 1890 law Rhett R Goodwyn 35 Broad St 26 Legare St unknown attorney (attorneys); over 156 Rutledge & Rutledge owner / 1890 law Rutledge Benjamin H (attorneys); 45 Broad St 44 South Bay St unknown attorney 45 + 47 Broad St Rutledge & Rutledge owner / 1890 law Rutledge Benjamin H Jr (attorneys); 45 Broad St 44 South Bay St unknown attorney 45 + 47 Broad St owner / Simons & Siegling attorney at law; (attorneys); Bank of 1890 law Siegling Rudolph 93 Broad St 11 East Battery St unknown president; Charleston; News & president Courier Co owner / Honorable Simons & Siegling 1890 law Simons 93 Broad St 93 Broad St unknown attorney James (attorneys) 1890 law attorney at law Simons J Ancrum 44 Broad St 12 Meeting St unknown Honorable 1890 law Judge Simonton US Courts 83 Broad St 32 Legare St unknown Charles H Smythe & Lee owner / 1890 law Smythe Augustine F (attorneys); 7 Broad St 31 Legare St unknown attorney over 7 + 9 Broad St 1890 law lawyer Thomas W Henry 92 Broad St 298 King St unknown 1890 law lawyer Thomas William M 92 Broad St 298 King St unknown Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title lawyer, notary + 1890 law Tobias Virginius J rear 28 Broad St 142 Church St unknown com'r of deeds owner / Trenholm & Rhett 1890 law Trenholm George M 35 Broad St 24 South Battery St unknown attorney (attorneys); over 1890 law lawyer Whaley Benjamin J over 40 Broad St 3 Jonathan Lucas St unknown 1890 law attorney at law Whaley W Gibbes 28 Broad St 10 Council St unknown 2 Broad St (lawyer); trial justice + 1890 law Williman Jacob rear 24 Broad St (trial 2 Broad St 2 Smith St unknown lawyer justice) 1890 law attorney at law Wingate John over 30 Broad St 60 Tradd St unknown 1890 law attorney at law Young Henry E over 28 Broad St 22 Legare St unknown 1890 medical physician Ancrum John L 338 Meeting St 340 Meeting St unknown 1890 medical physician Angel Isaac W 50 Chapel St 50 Chapel St unknown 1890 medical physician Baker Richard B 55 King St 55 King St unknown 1890 medical physician Bellinger Amos N 83 Wentworth St 83 Wentworth St unknown 4 Jonathan Lucas 1890 medical physician Bissell HE Lucas St 4 Jonathan Lucas St unknown
157 St* 1890 medical physician Brodie Robert L 29 Coming St 31 Coming St unknown 1890 medical physician Buist J Somers 277 Meeting St 247 Meeting St unknown 1890 medical physician Camplin (c) Moses G 186 Calhoun St 186 Calhoun St unknown 1890 medical physician Chazal John P 53 Hasell St 53 Hasell St unknown physician / 1890 medical Cleckley Francis V 310 Meeting St 310 Meeting St unknown homeopathist physician / 1890 medical Cleckley HM 310 Meeting St 310 Meeting St unknown homeopathist 1890 medical physician Crum (c) WD 94 Coming St 25 Ashley ave unknown 1890 medical physician Dawson J Edward 108 Wentworth St 108 Wentworth St unknown 1890 medical physician Dawson John L 75 Tradd St 75 Tradd St unknown 1890 medical physician Dawson John L Jr 82 Tradd St 75 Tradd St unknown physician + 1890 medical physician to the DeSaussure Dr P Gourdin 62 Hasell St 47 East Bay St unknown poor 1890 medical physician DeSaussure HW 311 Meeting St 313 Meeting St unknown 86 Jonathan Lucas 86 Jonathan Lucas 1890 medical physician Easterby Miss JR City Hospital single female St St Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title physician; 1890 medical Edwards John J 90 Wentworth St 84 Wentworth St unknown surgeon 1890 medical physician Fitch Augustus 110 Wentworth St 2 Rutledge ave unknown 1890 medical physician Fladger John M 116 Calhoun St 116 Calhoun St unknown 1890 medical physician Forrest John 10 King St 10 King St unknown 1890 medical physician Fraser Henry D 137 Tradd St 137 Tradd St unknown 1890 medical physician Grimke Thomas S office 572 King St 68 Columbus St unknown 1890 medical physician Haig, MD HM 30 Meeting St* 30 Meeting St unknown 1890 medical physician Hamilton (c) Robert A 76 Cooper St* 76 Cooper St unknown 1890 medical physician Huger William H 140 Broad St 140 Broad St unknown 1890 medical physician Johnson William H 100 Spring St 22 Sires St unknown physician + 1890 medical Kellers Edward H 95 Broad St 95 Broad St unknown Druggist (1) office at 285 Meeting St; (2) physician; 1890 medical Kinloch Robert A surgeon at St Xavier's 285 Meeting St 285 Meeting St unknown surgeon
158 Infirmary at 258 Calhoun St 1890 medical physician Kinloch HO office 286 Meeting St 286 Meeting St unknown 1890 medical physician Kollock Charles W 20 Coming St 57 Rutledge ave unknown 1890 medical physician Lanneau Charles B office 316 Meeting St 316 Meeting St unknown 1890 medical physician Lebby BM office 324 Meeting St 410 Meeting St unknown 1890 medical physician Legare Thomas 60 Rutledge ave 60 Rutledge ave unknown 1890 medical physician Lockwood States L 77 Cannon St 75 Cannon St unknown 1890 medical physician Lynah Arthur M 2 Rutledge ave 2 Rutledge ave unknown 1890 medical physician Maybank Joseph 121 Smith St 121 Smith St unknown 1890 medical physician Mazyck Edmund 42 Vanderhorst St 42 Vanderhorst St unknown 1890 medical physician McClennan AC office 427 Meeting St 427 Meeting St unknown 1890 medical physician McDow Thomas B 75 Rutledge ave 75 Rutledge ave unknown physician + 1890 medical Memminger, MD Allard 152 Wentworth St 150 Wentworth St unknown Board of Health 1890 medical physician Meyer C Laney 9 Cannon St 9 Cannon St unknown physician + 1890 medical Michel, MD Middleton 83 Society St 83 Society St unknown Board of Health Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title (2) house surgeon at physician; house 1890 medical Missildine OS St Xavier's Infirmary 285 Meeting St 258 Calhoun St unknown surgeon at 258 Calhoun St 86 Jonathan Lucas 86 Jonathan Lucas 1890 medical surgeon Nisbett WO City Hospital unknown St St 1890 medical physician Ogier Thomas L 248 Calhoun St 2 Rutledge ave unknown 1890 medical physician Parker Francis L 70 Hasell St 128 Tradd St unknown 1890 medical physician Pettigrew William Enston Home 900 King St 900 King St unknown 1890 medical physician Porcher F Peyre 4 George St 4 George St unknown 1890 medical physician Porcher W Peyre 4 George St 4 George St unknown (1) 103 Tradd St physician + (physician) 1890 medical physician to the Ravenel Dr Mazyk P (2) office 104 Tradd 103 Tradd St 109 Broad St unknown poor St (physician to the poor) 1890 medical physician Ravenel Edmund office 52 Meeting St 54 Meeting St unknown 1890 medical physician Ravenel William C 109 Broad St 109 Broad St unknown
159 1890 medical physician Reenstjerna Tycho 36 Pinckney St 4 Orange St unknown 1890 medical physician Rees Charles M 113 Wentworth St 35 Bull St unknown 1890 medical physician Rhett R Barnwell 111 Cannon St 109 Cannon St unknown (1) office 22 Thomas physician + St (physician); 1890 medical physician to the Ryan Dr William B (2) 114 St Philip St 22 Thomas St 22 Thomas St unknown poor (physician to the poor) 1890 medical physician Sams Donald D 37 New St 37 New St unknown 1890 medical physician Schlepegrell Jullus 200 Spring St 200 Spring St unknown 1890 medical physician Schlepegrell William office 603 King St 20 Ashton St unknown 1890 medical physician Schroder Charles H 72 Cannon St 72 Cannon St unknown office 426 King St (in physician + business directory); 1890 medical physician to the Schwacke Dr Augustus H Jr 426 King St 426 King St unknown office 42 John (in poor general directory) 1890 medical physician Simons Manning 111 Church St 93 Broad St unknown 1890 medical physician Simons T Grange Jr 28 Pitt St 18 Montagu St unknown 1890 medical physician Taylor J Richard 235 Calhoun St 24 Rutledge ave unknown 1890 medical physician Wasdin Eugene 113 Wentworth St 266 King St unknown Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1890 medical physician Weekley John M 74 Cannon St 74 Cannon St unknown 1890 medical physician Winstock Israel H 57 George St 57 George St unknown South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Betchmann Henry 630 King St 4 Hacker's Alley unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Black Patrick 630 King St 421 King St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Brown GW 630 King St 41 Bee St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Burn George W 630 King St 16 Wescott's Ct unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Burn William A Jr 630 King St 37 George St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Carsten William 630 King St 657 King St unknown Railway Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Cook CW 59 Chapel St 2 Alexander St unknown Savannah Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Cormier William I 630 King St 70 Amherst St unknown 160 Railway Northeastern 1890 railway conductor Cutts JA 18 Chapel St 237 Meeting St unknown Railroad South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Disher William L 630 King St 31 Nassau St unknown Railway Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Doten TJ 59 Chapel St 10 Elizabeth St unknown Savannah Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Duva William H 630 King St 497 Meeting St unknown Railway Northeastern 1890 railway conductor Eason William H 18 Chapel St 24 America St unknown Railroad South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Farrelly JJ 630 King St 21 Alexander St unknown Railway 1890 railway conductor Gaillard John W Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 11 Glebe St unknown South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Gilbert SC 630 King St 37 Henrietta St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Gooding Sterling P 630 King St 648 King St unknown Railway Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Goodwin Isaiah B 59 Chapel St 422 Meeting St unknown Savannah Railway Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Northeastern 1890 railway conductor Gruber George W 18 Chapel St 30 Blake St unknown Railroad Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Guy James W 59 Chapel St 47 South St unknown Savannah Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Harris Lucius J 630 King St 308 Meeting St unknown Railway 1890 railway conductor Howell Joseph Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 34 Chapel St unknown Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Huguenin Abraham 59 Chapel St 99 Smith St unknown Savannah Railway 1890 railway conductor James JA Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 21 Alexander St unknown South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Kennedy William D 630 King St 99 Spring St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Kirkland JF 630 King St 168 St Philip St unknown Railway Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Malone Stephen 59 Chapel St 200 Meeting St unknown Savannah Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Marshall George W 630 King St 2 Wragg St unknown
161 Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Melfi Leonard F 630 King St 605 King St unknown Railway 1890 railway conductor Milligan George H Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 7 Marion St unknown South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Moore Thomas J 630 King St 17 Lockwood Dr unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Morrison J Mark 630 King St 54 Line St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Murphy Cornelins C 630 King St 162 St Philip St unknown Railway JW O'Brien & Bro (tinners @ 531 King 1890 railway conductor O'Brien John W 630 King St 50 Hanover St unknown St); South Carolina Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor O'Brien Louis W 630 King St 31 Spring St unknown Railway 1890 railway conductor Oglesby JT Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 10 Elizabeth St unknown South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Ravenel Henry 630 King St 5 Maiden Lane unknown Railway Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Ravenola Joseph D 59 Chapel St 14 Hampstead Sq unknown Savannah Railway Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Reeves Edward L 630 King St 476 Meeting St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Roach John P 630 King St 120 St Philip St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Salvo Theodore A 630 King St 30 Lee St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Screven Charles R 630 King St 91 Nassau St unknown Railway Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Sellers TA 59 Chapel St 1 Wall St unknown Savannah Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Sellion John B 630 King St 49 Beaufain St unknown Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Senseney HG 630 King St 558 King St unknown Railway Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Slawson SK 59 Chapel St 26 Alexander St unknown Savannah Railway Northeastern 1890 railway conductor Smith William J 18 Chapel St 24 Montagu St unknown Railroad 162 South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Speissegger Charles 630 King St 55 East Bay St unknown Railway Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Sullivan William F 59 Chapel St 42 Drake St unknown Savannah Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Symmes Thomas H 630 King St 57 Hanover St unknown Railway Northeastern 1890 railway conductor Terry CG 18 Chapel St 237 Meeting St unknown Railroad South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Tinsley Samuel D 630 King St 76 America St unknown Railway Northeastern 1890 railway conductor Vincent Calder B 18 Chapel St 47 Radcliffe St unknown Railroad Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Warren George W 59 Chapel St 467 Meeting St unknown Savannah Railway South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Webb Philip G 630 King St 18.5 Morris St unknown Railway Northeastern 1890 railway conductor Webb William G 18 Chapel St 117 Drake St unknown Railroad South Carolina 1890 railway conductor Wickert William G 630 King St 73 Line St unknown Railway Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Charleston & 1890 railway conductor Wilson Charles R 59 Chapel St 21 Alexander St unknown Savannah Railway 163 Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 dry goods notions (retail) Balster Mrs Barbara Mrs B Balster 180 King St 180 King St married female owner: clothing, Banov & Volaski at 1900 dry goods hats, caps, shoes, Banov Isaac W 383 King St 383 King St Hannah married male 383 + 385 King St etc. (retail) APPENDIX C : 1900 Charleston City Directory Sample Data owner: clothing Banov Bros 1900 dry goods Banov Charles 428 King St 428 King St single male etc (retail) 428 + 595 King St owner: clothing Banov Bros 1900 dry goods Banov Samuel 428 King St 428 King St single male etc (retail) 428 + 595 King St owner: clothing Banov Bros 1900 dry goods Banov Simon 428 King St 428 King St single male etc (retail) 428 + 595 King St owner: dry H Basha & Son 1900 dry goods goods, clothing + Basha Harber 122 Market St 122 Market St Maggie married male 118-122 Market St notions (retail) owner: dry H Basha & Son 1900 dry goods goods, clothing + Basha Richard 118 Market St 118 Market St single male 118-122 Market St notions (retail) owner: clothing, gents' Bentschner & 1900 dry goods Bentschner David 252 King St 2 Bull St single male 164 furnishings, hats Visanska + caps (retail) clothing + dry Berlinsky / 1900 dry goods Henry H Berlinsky 116 King St 120 King St Lillie married male goods (retail) Berlinski clothing etc 1900 dry goods Bernstein Louis 134 King St 134 King St Emma married male (retail) Bernstein department 1900 dry goods Bernstein Morris M Department Store 508 King St 81 Society St Estha married male store 508-512 King St clothing etc 1900 dry goods Bluestein Mrs Bettie 470 King St 470 King St married female (retail) owner: clothing 1900 dry goods Bluestein Hyman Bluestein Bros 494 King St 494 King St single male (retail) owner: clothing 1900 dry goods Bluestein Joseph Bluestein Bros 494 King St 494 King St single male (retail) dry goods etc 1900 dry goods Bowman Mrs Joanna 344 King St 344 King St married female (retail) dry goods etc 1900 dry goods Bowmann Miss Anna 339 King St 339 King St single female (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: clothing, S Brown & Sons 1900 dry goods hats + caps Brown Elias 352 King St 159 Calhoun St Jennie married male 352-354 King St (retail) president: clothing, boots + 1900 dry goods Brown Andrew S Brown-Evans Co 226 Meeting St 76 Ashley ave Julia married male shoes (wholesale) clothing, hats + 1900 dry goods Brown Henry 214 + 224 King St 214 King St 214 King St single male caps (retail) owner: clothing, S Brown & Sons 1900 dry goods hats + caps Brown Zach 352 King St 159 Calhoun St single male 352-354 King St (retail) 1900 dry goods notions (retail) Bruggemann Mrs Rebecca A 107 King St 107 King St married female owner: furniture, dry Buell & Roberts 1900 dry goods Buell George B 573 King St 36 Charlotte St Martha married male goods + notions 573-575 King St (retail) owner: dry Louis Cohen & Co
165 1900 dry goods goods, carpets Cohen William B 232 King St 128 Wentworth St Sarah married male 232-234 King St etc (retail) clothing: cloaks, 1900 dry goods Cohen R R Cohen 468 King St 468 King St single male skirts etc owner: dry Louis Cohen & Co 1900 dry goods goods, carpets Cohen Louis 232 King St 128 Wentworth St single male 232-234 King St etc (retail) dry goods 1900 dry goods Condon James F JF Condon 434 King St 12 Liberty St Mary A married male (retail) owner: notions Crawford & Palmer 1900 dry goods Crawford (c) Robert 483 King St 67 Drake St Annie married male (retail) (c) dry goods etc 1900 dry goods Cronan Miss Catherine 543 King St 543 King St single female (retail) owner: dry 1900 dry goods goods + Cullinane Miss Catherine McCarthy & Cullinane 337 King St 337 King St single female millinery (retail) dry goods 1900 dry goods Cullinane Patrick 368 King St 368 King St single male (retail) 1900 dry goods notions (retail) Cuzzuenn Antonio 91 King St 91 King St Caroline married male dry goods 1900 dry goods Dadin Louis H 166 King St 166 King St Carrie M married male (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: clothiers, men's furnishers, JL David & Bro; 1900 dry goods David Joshua L 271 King St 45 Bull St single male hatters + 271-273 King St merchant tailors (retail) owner: clothiers, men's furnishers, JL David & Bro; 1900 dry goods David Montague M 271 King St 45 Bull St single male hatters + 271-273 King St merchant tailors (retail) 1900 dry goods dry goods Davis David 44 Queen St 44 Queen St Hester married male 1900 dry goods notions (retail) Dugan Mrs Margaret 14 King St 14 King St married female dry goods, etc 1900 dry goods Dunn Mrs Kate Mrs K Dunn 353 King St 353 King St married female (retail) 1900 dry goods notions (retail) Ellis Miss Rosa 182 Spring St 182 Spring St single female vice president:
166 manufacturers pants, clothing, Simons-Evans Mnfg 1900 dry goods Evans Robert P 37 Hayne St 70 Ashley ave Addie married male overalls, shirts, Co drawers, etc (wholesale) clothing, sailors 1900 dry goods Fass Israel I 473 King St 7 Ann St Rosa married male outfitter (retail) millinery + fancy 1900 dry goods Finley Mrs Matilda Mrs M Finley 243 King St 243 King St married female goods (retail) owner: dry 1900 dry goods goods etc Furchgott Max M Furchgott & Co 265 King St 20 Meeting St Bertha married male (retail) dry goods etc 1900 dry goods Garfunkel Moses H 312 King St 312 King St Mary married male (retail) dry goods 1900 dry goods Geraty Benjamin 50 King St 50 King St Elizabeth married male (retail) dry goods 1900 dry goods Glasser Jacob 613 King St 613 King St Etta married male (retail) + jeweler clothing, etc 1900 dry goods Goldberg N 460 King St 460 King St single male (retail) dry goods 1900 dry goods Goldman Morris 98 King St 98 King St Rachel married male (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title fancy goods, etc 1900 dry goods Graver Mrs Emma H Mrs EM Graver 505 King St 505 King St married female (retail) dry goods + 1900 dry goods Hartigan Mrs Ellen 51 King St 51 King St married female notions (retail) hoisery, underware + 1900 dry goods Herzog F 225 Meeting St 89 Wentworth St single male notions (wholesale) president: clothing, Hirsh-Israel Co 1900 dry goods Hirsch Isaac W 275 King St 73 Rutledge ave Elizabeth married male furnishings + 275-277 King St hats (retail) owner: boots, shoes, clothing, M Hornik & Co 1900 dry goods hats, caps + dry Hornik Morris 190-196 Meeting St 190 Meeting St 35 Smith St single male goods + 49 Hayne St (wholesale) variety store 1900 dry goods Hughes Mrs Mabel F 50 President St 52 President St married female owner 167 secretary + treasurer: Hirsh-Israel Co 1900 dry goods clothing, Israel Arthur 275 King St 214 King St Jeannette married male 275-277 King St furnishings + hats (retail) vice president: clothing, Hirsh-Israel Co 1900 dry goods Israel Samuel 275 King St 136 Rutledge ave Mattie married male furnishings + 275-277 King St hats (retail) owner: dry Jacobs Dry Goods Co 1900 dry goods goods, etc Jacobs Isaac 500 King St 500 King St single male 500-502 King St (retail) owner: dry Jacobs Dry Goods Co 1900 dry goods goods, etc Jacobs Jacob 500 King St 500 King St single male 500-502 King St (retail) clothing, etc 1900 dry goods Jacoby Nathan P 371 King St 371 King St single male (retail) dry goods 1900 dry goods Jagar Anton W 246 King St 38 Pitt St Matilda married male (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: hatters, men's 1900 dry goods furnishers, + Johnson George W JR Johnson & Son 253 King St 206 Calhoun St Evelyn married male umbrella manufacturers owner: hatters, men's 1900 dry goods furnishers, + Johnson John R JR Johnson & Son 253 King St 25 George St single male umbrella manufacturers dry goods 1900 dry goods Kalil Joseph 140 Market St 140 Market St Rosa married male (retail) dry goods 1900 dry goods Kanehl Frederick W 529 King St 529 King St Louisa married male (retail) dry goods 1900 dry goods Keelan Mrs Ellen 395 King St 395 King St married female (retail) owner: dry Louis Cohen & Co 1900 dry goods goods, carpets Leob Lee 232 King St 128 Wentworth St Bluhman married male 232-234 King St etc (retail) 168 owner: clothing, Levin & Levy 1900 dry goods Levin Hyman 513 King St 181 St Philip St single male etc (retail) 513-515 King St clothing, etc 1900 dry goods Levy Morris 212 King St 212 King St Dollie married male (retail) owner: clothing, Levin & Levy 1900 dry goods Levy Oscar 513 King St 152 St Philip St Hannah married male etc (retail) 513-515 King St dry goods 1900 dry goods Lewith Mrs Mary 92 King St 92 King St married female (retail) clothing, etc 1900 dry goods Lichtenstein H Marks 148.5 King St 148.5 King St Fannie married male (retail) dry goods + 1900 dry goods Livingstain Mrs Amelia 597 King St 597 King St married female notions (retail) clothing, etc 1900 dry goods Lutjen John 145 King St 145 King St single male (retail) owner: dry M Marks & Sons 1900 dry goods goods + notions Marks Isaac 372 King St 31 Smith St Rosa married male 372-374 King St (retail) owner: dry M Marks & Sons 1900 dry goods goods + notions Marks Joseph 372 King St 164 Rutledge ave single male 372-374 King St (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: dry M Marks & Sons 1900 dry goods goods + notions Marks Leopold 372 King St 372 King St single male 372-374 King St (retail) owner: dry M Marks & Sons 1900 dry goods goods + notions Marks Mord 372 King St 372 King St single male 372-374 King St (retail) owner: dry M Marks & Sons 1900 dry goods goods + notions Marks Moses 372 King St 372 King St single male 372-374 King St (retail) owner: dry 1900 dry goods goods + McCarthy Mrs Margaret McCarthy & Cullinane 337 King St 337 King St married female millinery (retail) dry goods + 1900 dry goods McDonnell Mrs ME 79 King St 79 King St married female notions (retail) 1900 dry goods notions etc McVeigh Miss Kate 87 Calhoun St 87 Calhoun St single female owner: dry 1900 dry goods goods etc Mustard Allan C JR Read & Co 249 King St 6 Mill St Lizzie married male (retail)
169 owner: dry 1900 dry goods goods + notions Myers George M Jr Myers Bros 609 King St 609 King St single male (retail) owner: dry 1900 dry goods goods + notions Myers Jacob S Myers Bros 609 King St 609 King St single male (retail) 1900 dry goods clothing (retail) Needle Mrs Rebecca Mrs R Needle 540 King St 540 King St married female 1900 dry goods clothing (retail) Needle Jacob 526 King St 9 Morris St Mollie married male owner: boots, shoes, hats + Daniel O'Brien D & Sons 1900 dry goods O'Brien 379 King St 381 King St Nora married male gents' 379-381 King St furnishings owner: boots, shoes, hats + O'Brien D & Sons 1900 dry goods O'Brien Dennis F 379 King St 381 King St single male gents' 379-381 King St furnishings owner: boots, shoes, hats + O'Brien D & Sons 1900 dry goods O'Brien John P 379 King St 381 King St single male gents' 379-381 King St furnishings Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title B O'Neill & Sons; Hibernia Trust + owner; 1900 dry goods O'Neill Frank Q Savings Bank + 191 East Bay St 1 East Battery St single male president Charleston Dry Goods Co notions etc 1900 dry goods O'Regan Miss Ann 488 King St 488 King St single female (retail) owner: notions Crawford & Palmer 1900 dry goods Palmer (c) Isaac 483 King St 290 Ashley ave Mary married male (retail) (c) 1900 dry goods notions Parker Miss Elvina 97 Tradd St 97 Tradd St single female dry goods, AW Petit notions, 1900 dry goods Petit Arthur W 522-524 + 614 King 524 King St 524 King St single male millinery, etc St (retail) mens' 1900 dry goods furnishings, Plenge Charles C 47 Broad St 12 Water St single male hats, caps, etc secretary + Kerrison Dry Goods
170 1900 dry goods treasurer: dry Poulnot E Huger Co 80 Hasell St 170 Queen St Lucy married male goods (retail) 80-82 Hasell St president: dry 1900 dry goods goods + notions Pringle Walter Pringle Bros 47 Hayne St 24 Lamboll St Ness married male (wholesale) secretary: dry 1900 dry goods goods + notions Radcliffe George T Jr Pringle Bros 47 Hayne St 110 Broad St single male (wholesale) owner: dry 1900 dry goods goods etc Read John R JR Read & Co 249 King St 69 Meeting St single male (retail) 1900 dry goods clothing (retail) Riley James F 93 East Bay St 93 East Bay St Catherine married male owner: furniture, dry Buell & Roberts 1900 dry goods Roberts Daniel L 573 King St 101 Spring St Eva married male goods + notions 573-575 King St (retail) dry goods 1900 dry goods Salvo James K 563 King St 563 King St Julia married male (retail) 1900 dry goods notions etc Schmidt Mrs Catherine 36 Middle St 36 Middle St married female fancy + worsted 1900 dry goods Schuckmann Philip 255 King St 255 King St Susie C married male goods 1900 dry goods clothing Schwam Samuel 554 King St 554 King St Sallie married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: dry 1900 dry goods Shahid Abraham E Shahid & Bro 260 King St 260 King St single male goods (retail) owner: dry 1900 dry goods Shahid Joseph E Shahid & Bro 260 King St 260 King St single male goods (retail) 1900 dry goods notions (retail) Smith Mrs Ellen 538 King St 538 King St married female dry goods etc 1900 dry goods Smith Robert G 356 King St 66 Smith St single male (retail) Strauss & Iseman owner; dry 1900 dry goods Strauss Jules J (boots + shoes @ 305 307 King St 307 King St Hannah married male goods (retail) King St) fruits + notions 1900 dry goods Stuart Mrs Louisa 541 King St 541 King St married female (retail) 1900 dry goods notions Tesi Mrs Rosa 117.5-119 King St 119 King St 119 King St married female dry goods 1900 dry goods Thompson Samuel 292 King St 292 King St Elizabeth married male (retail) clothing etc 1900 dry goods Tompowski David 135 King St 44 Queen St Esther married male (retail)
171 owner: clothing, gents' Bentschner & 1900 dry goods Visanska Julius M 252 King St 2 Bull St Sarah B married male furnishings, hats Visanska + caps (retail) owner: clothing, Banov & Volaski at 1900 dry goods hats, caps, shoes, Volaski Joseph A 383 King St 155 Calhoun St Agnes married male 383 + 385 King St etc. (retail) variety store 1900 dry goods Walton Mrs Julia F 427 King St 427 King St married female owner variety store 1900 dry goods Weber Mrs A Dora 109 King St 109 King St married female owner 1900 dry goods notions (retail) Welch Mrs Mary E 585 + 585.5 King St 585 King St 585 King St married female owner: clothing 1900 dry goods + dry goods Wilbur Thomas S TA Wilbur & Son 211 Meeting St 35 Montagu St Ella married male (wholesale) owner: clothing 1900 dry goods + dry goods Wilbur Theodore A TA Wilbur & Son 211 Meeting St 84 Pitt St Mary married male (wholesale) notions etc 1900 dry goods Woodall Albert 180 King St 180 King St Amelia married male (retail) 1900 education music teacher Aichel Miss Alma C 20 New St* 20 New St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 education music teacher Aichel Miss Nettie 20 New St* 20 New St single female music: violin 1900 education Aichel Miss Talulah 20 New St* 20 New St single female teacher 1900 education teacher Alderson Miss Alice W Bennett School 35 St Philip St 154 St Philip St single female 1900 education teacher Alexander Mrs Louisa Lucas Academy 8 Bull St 179 Queen St married female 1900 education teacher Alexander George W Lucas Academy 8 Bull St 179 Queen St Louisa married male 1900 education teacher Alston Miss Mary R Bennett School 35 St Philip St 54 Smith St single female 1900 education teacher Alston (c) Esther F Shaw School 22 Mary St 107 America St unknown 1900 education teacher Andrews John J High School 24 George St 8 Liberty St Edith married male Charleston Orphan 1900 education teacher Arnold Miss Catherine 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House 1900 education music teacher Ashhurst Miss Virginia E 4 George St* 4 George St single female 1900 education teacher Ball Mrs R Julia Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 115 Rutledge ave married female Madame/Mrs 1900 education music teacher Barbot 51 Smith St* 51 Smith St married female BH 1900 education teacher Bassett Miss Sallie A Simonton School 21 Jasper St 32 Logan St single female 172 1900 education teacher Beckman Miss Fannie B Miss Smith's School 101 Meeting St 27 Montagu St single female 1900 education music teacher Bell Miss Ella A 78 Queen St* 78 Queen St single female other: teacher Charleston Mercantile 1900 education stenography + Bergmann Miss Helen H 15 Montagu St 25 Montagu St single female School typewriting 1900 education teacher Bicaise Miss Marie A Crafts School 67 Legare St 24 State St single female 1900 education teacher Blakely Miss Laura J Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 314 Meeting St single female 1900 education teacher Boinest Mrs Louisa M Shaw School 22 Mary St 69 Bull St married female 1900 education teacher Boinest Miss Edith L Simonton School 21 Jasper St 177 Wentworth St single female Miss Elizabeth 1900 education music teacher Bredeman 474 Meeting St* 474 Meeting St single female W 1900 education music teacher Brown Miss Sophie O 52 Laurens St* 52 Laurens St single female Porter Military 1900 education teacher Brown I Bennett 171 Ashley ave 41 Bee St Elizabeth married male Academy 1900 education music teacher Brux Miss Cecelia 91 Wentworth St* 91 Wentworth St single female 1900 education music teacher Bull Miss Jeffie D 9 Reid St* 9 Reid St single female 1900 education teacher Bulow Miss CE Miss Smith's School 101 Meeting St 31 Coming St single female 1900 education teacher Burckmeyer Miss Mary D Mrs Smith's School 101 Meeting St 96 Rutledge ave single female 1900 education teacher Burges Miss Gertrude E Crafts School 67 Legare St 12 Orange single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title other: tactical officer + South Carolina 1900 education assistant Cantey J Willis 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St single male Military Academy professor of English proprietor: 1900 education Carew Mrs Adelaide E Mrs AE Carew 308 Meeting St 308 Meeting St married female private school 1900 education teacher Carew Miss Leila Mrs AE Carew 308 Meeting St 308 Meeting St single female 1900 education teacher Carew Miss Marie Mrs AE Carew 308 Meeting St 308 Meeting St single female 1900 education teacher Carew Miss Sallie Mrs AE Carew 308 Meeting St 308 Meeting St single female Jenkins Colored 1900 education teacher Carr (c) Mamie G 20 Franklin St 199 Smith St unknown Orphanage other: teacher 1900 education Clotworthy Miss Kate M 208 King St 26 Rutledge ave single female stenography professor of South Carolina 1900 education Coleman Captian JT 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St single male physics Military Academy 1900 education music teacher Collins Miss Eloise 21 Archdale St* 21 Archdale St single female
173 1900 education music teacher Cossett Miss Pauline G 10 Amherst St* 10 Amherst St single female 1900 education teacher Cronan Miss Ida M Bennett School 35 St Philip St 16 College St single female 1900 education teacher Cruikshank (c) Sallie A Shaw School 22 Mary St 46 Pitt St unknown 1900 education teacher Cudworth Miss Anna Y Bennett School 35 St Philip St 80 Smith St single female South Carolina 1900 education professor Cummings, MA Major St James 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St single male Military Academy teacher + Jenkins Colored 1900 education Daniels (c) Paul G 20 Franklin St 20 Franklin St single male collector Orphanage Miss Ernestine 1900 education music teacher Dauer 94 Queen St 104 Queen St single female M music: professor 1900 education of music / music Dauer James AC 104 Queen St* 104 Queen St Emilie WL married male teacher proprietor: 1900 education Dawson Miss Harriet E 75 Tradd St 75 Tradd St single female private school Avery Normal 1900 education teacher Deas (c) Mary L 125 Bull St 83 Morris St unknown Institute 1900 education professor DellaTorre Thomas College of Charleston 66 George St 138 Broad St single male 1900 education teacher DeSaussure Miss Sarah E Simonton School 21 Jasper St 119 Meeting St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Charleston Mercantile 1900 education music teacher Devineau Miss M Octavia 15 Montagu St 93 St Philip St single female School 1900 education teacher Dibble Virgil C Jr High School 24 George St 76 Wentworth St single male Miss Euphrosine 1900 education teacher Dixon Shaw School 22 Mary St 900 King St single female A 1900 education music teacher Douglas Miss Virginia 6 Atlantic St* 6 Atlantic St single female language: Porter Military 1900 education Dufour Jules C 171 Ashley ave 41 Bee St Bessie married male French teacher Academy Avery Normal 1900 education teacher Ech Miss Helen E 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute 1900 education teacher Elliott Miss Elizabeth O Bennett School 35 St Philip St 31 East Battery St single female 1900 education teacher Erckmann Miss Agnes M Lucas Academy 8 Bull St 158 Wentworth St single female proprietor: 1900 education Fabien Miss Dena Misses Fabian 88 Broad St 88 Broad St single female owner proprietor: 1900 education Fabien Miss Florida Misses Fabian 88 Broad St 88 Broad St single female owner 1900 education music teacher Fairen George 62 America St* 62 America St single male 174 1900 education teacher Fishburne Miss Margaret M Simonton School 21 Jasper St 132 Smith St single female 1900 education teacher Flynn Miss Mary Crafts School 67 Legare St 43 Society St single female Jenkins Colored 1900 education teacher Fridie (c) Herline E 20 Franklin St 79 St Philip St unknown Orphanage 1900 education teacher Froneberger Miss Lizzie C Crafts School 67 Legare St 32 Savage St single female 1900 education teacher Frost Miss Harriet A Crafts School 67 Legare St 10 Limehouse St single female 1900 education teacher Frost Miss Mildred B Bennett School 35 St Philip St 14 Logan St single female proprietor: 1900 education Garden (c) Adele 95 Morris St 95 Morris St unknown private school 1900 education teacher Garden (c) Mary E Wallingford Academy 400 Meeting St 95 Morris St unknown 1900 education music teacher Getty Miss Irene 186 Rutledge ave* 186 Rutledge ave single female 1900 education teacher Getty Miss Carrie Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 44 Chapel St single female 1900 education teacher Gibbes Miss Maria H Memminger School 12 St Philip St 38 Coming St single female 1900 education teacher Girard Miss Carrie A Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 104 Beaufain St single female 1900 education music teacher Gotjen John H 220 King St 220 King St single male 1900 education teacher Graeser Clarence A High School 24 George St 6 Glebe St Jeanne married male 1900 education teacher Graham Miss Annie Simonton School 21 Jasper St 76 Queen St single female 1900 education teacher Graham Miss Emma Memminger School 12 St Philip St 76 Queen St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 education teacher Graham Miss Marie T Shaw School 22 Mary St 76 Queen St single female 1900 education teacher Gready Miss Georgie L Bennett School 35 St Philip St 233 Calhoun St single female Avery Normal 1900 education teacher Gregory (c) Louis G 125 Bull St 253 Coming St single male Institute 1900 education teacher Gremke Miss Anna C Simonton School 21 Jasper St 50 Laurens St single female 1900 education teacher Gunn Jane C Simonton School 21 Jasper St 92 Radcliffe St unknown 1900 education teacher Halsey Miss Estelle A Simonton School 21 Jasper St 100 Beaufain St single female 1900 education teacher Hamett Mrs Annie W Memminger School 12 St Philip St 900 King St married female Charleston Orphan 1900 education teacher Hamlin Miss Mary E 160 Calhoun St 79 Ashley ave single female House Harrison, AM, 1900 education professor Lancelot M College of Charleston 66 George St 9 East Battery St single male PhD proprietor: 1900 education Hayne Miss Ellen F 26 New St 26 New St single female private school music: teacher St Mary's Female 1900 education Henry Miss Mary E 54 George St 19 Archdale St single female vocal music School
175 1900 education teacher Horlbeck Miss Marie Mrs Smith's School 101 Meeting St 35 Pitt St single female 1900 education music teacher Huchet Miss Eugenia 44 Bull St* 44 Bull St single female Richmond Business 1900 education teacher Humphries John R 399 King St 12 Montagu St single male College proprietor: 1900 education Jervey Miss Mary 6 Legare St 6 Legare St single female private school 1900 education teacher Jordan Miss Maggie Simonton School 21 Jasper St 125 Queen St single female 1900 education teacher Jordan Miss Ephie L Shaw School 22 Mary St 43 Church St single female 1900 education teacher Jordan Miss Etta P Shaw School 22 Mary St 43 Church St single female 1900 education teacher Kennedy Miss Emma T Crafts School 67 Legare St 19 Archdale St single female 1900 education teacher Kester Miss Ella M Bennett School 35 St Philip St 36 Charlotte St single female Charleston Orphan 1900 education kindergarten King Miss Ellen 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House 1900 education teacher King Miss Mattie A Simonton School 21 Jasper St 54 Vanderhorst St single female 1900 education teacher Kinsey Miss Fannie M Shaw School 22 Mary St 22 Pitt St single female 1900 education teacher Kinsey Miss Louise Bennett School 35 St Philip St 22 Pitt St single female 1900 education teacher Koester Miss Ella M Bennett School 35 St Philip St 36 Charlotte St single female 1900 education teacher Lacoste Miss Sadie E Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 127 Queen St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Jenkins Colored 1900 education teacher Lawrence (c) Eva R 20 Franklin St 56 Alexander St unknown Orphanage music + German 1900 education Leiding Miss Doris Lucas Academy 8 Bull St 4 Legare St single female teacher Charleston Orphan 1900 education teacher Lent Miss Catherine 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House Charleston Orphan 1900 education teacher LeQueux Miss Mary S 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House language: 1900 education Lucas Miss Alice M Lucas Academy 8 Bull St 40 Pitt St single female English teacher 1900 education teacher Lucas Miss Kate A Simonton School 21 Jasper St 5 Sires single female 1900 education teacher Lucas Miss Emma T Memminger School 12 St Philip St 8 Bull St single female Charleston Industrial 1900 education teacher Ludeke Miss Ada L 21 Kracke St 34 Kennedy St single female Institute 1900 education teacher Macmillan Miss Marion R Memminger School 12 St Philip St 36 Chalmers St single female 1900 education teacher Macmillan Miss Mattie P Memminger School 12 St Philip St 36 Chalmers St single female Avery Normal
176 1900 education teacher Marsh Miss Mattie M 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute 1900 education teacher Marshall Miss Anna W Crafts School 67 Legare St 8 King St single female 1900 education teacher Marshall Miss Carrie A Memminger School 12 St Philip St 8 King St single female South Carolina 1900 education professor Mazyck Major Philip P 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St single male Military Academy 1900 education music teacher McAnnaly Miss Elizabeth C 243 Ashley ave* 243 Ashley ave single female 1900 education teacher McCabe Miss Emma Mrs IA Smith 101 Meeting St 82 Pitt St single female 1900 education teacher McCormick Miss M Janie Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 62 Cannon St single female 1900 education music teacher McCrady Mrs Mary C 55 Church St 55 Church St married female 1900 education teacher McGee Miss Mary C Lucas Academy 8 Bull St 152 Rutledge ave single female 1900 education teacher McGillivray Mrs Mary E Crafts School 67 Legare St 43 Church St married female Charleston High 1900 education teacher McGillivray H Swinton 291 Meeting St 43 Church St single male School 1900 education teacher McIndoe Miss Agnes Simonton School 21 Jasper St 160 Smith St single female 1900 education teacher McIndoe Miss Ellen Simonton School 21 Jasper St 160 Smith St single female 1900 education teacher McKenzie Elizabeth GM Simonton School 21 Jasper St 82 Pitt St unknown Charleston Orphan 1900 education teacher McNeill Miss Mary 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House 1900 education teacher Mellichamp Miss Eliza C Simonton School 21 Jasper St 208 Spring St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title music: professor 1900 education of music; Middleton Ralph I 26 Lamboll St* 26 Lamboll St single male organist 1900 education teacher Miscally Miss Irving A Bennett School 35 St Philip St 20 Montagu St single female 1900 education teacher Moran Miss Alice G Bennett School 35 St Philip St 41 Logan St single female 1900 education teacher Mousseau Mrs Julia L Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 4 Charlotte St married female 1900 education teacher Murphy Miss Mary G Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 97 Morris St single female 1900 education teacher Mustard Miss Minnie C Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 6 Mill single female 1900 education music teacher Nathan Mrs Corinne 125 Wentworth St* 125 Wentworth St married female 1900 education music teacher O'Brien Miss Marie 40 Reid St* 40 Reid St single female 1900 education teacher O'Connor Miss Lulu S Shaw School 22 Mary St 7 Judith St single female 1900 education teacher O'Hear Miss Fannie A Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 201 Ashley ave single female 1900 education teacher Olney Miss Lottie S Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 11 Beaufain St single female 1900 education music professor Ortman C Louis 97 Wentworth St 31 George St single male other: elocution 1900 education Ottolengui Miss Ella Lucas Academy 8 Bull St 126 Wentworth St single female teacher 177 1900 education teacher Ottolengui Miss Rosalie C Crafts School 67 Legare St 126 Wentworth St single female 1900 education teacher Oxlade Miss Elvira L Simonton School 21 Jasper St 272 Meeting St single female 1900 education teacher Palmer Mrs Alice A Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 102 Tradd St married female 1900 education teacher Pansin Miss Octavia M Bennett School 35 St Philip St 70 Radcliffe St single female Porter Military 1900 education teacher Perrin Robert McC 171 Ashley ave 171 Ashley ave single male Academy music: 1900 education professor; music Peterson Nicholai 134 Smith St* 134 Smith St Annie C married male instructor 1900 education teacher Phillips Miss Hattie L Crafts School 67 Legare St 313 East Bay St single female 1900 education teacher Quigley Miss Janie J Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 99 Wentworth St single female 1900 education teacher Quigley Lilla L Memminger School 12 St Philip St 99 Wentworth St unknown 1900 education teacher Raoul Miss Julia R Crafts School 67 Legare St 157 Wentworth St single female 1900 education music teacher Reeves Miss Nellie B 55 George St* 55 George St single female 1900 education professor Reid, AM PhD Emmett College of Charleston 66 George St 96 Rutledge ave single male Charleston Orphan 1900 education teacher Reilly Mrs Amelia L 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St married female House 1900 education teacher Richardson Mrs Anna M Bennett School 35 St Philip St 13 Wharf married female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title music: professor of music / 1900 education Ruddock Theodore D City Public Schools 11 St Philip St 21 Pinckney St single male teacher of vocal music proprietor: 1900 education Sass Miss Jane D Misses Sass, The 23 Legare St 23 Legare St single female owner proprietor: 1900 education Sass Miss Mary E Misses Sass, The 23 Legare St 23 Legare St single female owner teacher 2nd 1900 education Schwaukhaus Mrs Ida German Academy 81 St Philip St 81 St Philip St married female division kindergarten: 1900 education Schwaukhaus Miss Wilhelmine German Academy 81 St Philip St 81 St Philip St single female teacher 1900 education teacher Seabrook Mrs Martha S Shaw School 22 Mary St 10 Ashmead Place married female 1900 education teacher Seabrook Mrs MC Shaw School 22 Mary St 900 King St married female Avery Normal 1900 education teacher Seely Miss Florence E 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute 1900 education teacher Sinkler Miss Meta H Shaw School 22 Mary St 17 Limehouse St single female
178 1900 education music teacher Small (c) JL Christopher 55 Drake St* 55 Drake St single male 1900 education teacher Smallwood Miss Sarah A Simonton School 21 Jasper St 85 Queen St single female proprietor: 1900 education school for young Smith Mrs Isabel A 101 Meeting St 47 Meeting St married female ladies 1900 education music teacher Smith Miss AM 36 Charlotte St* 36 Charlotte St single female 1900 education teacher Smith Miss E Mimi Simonton School 21 Jasper St 176 Wentworth St single female 1900 education teacher Smith Miss Florence C Simonton School 21 Jasper St 176 Wentworth St single female 1900 education teacher Smith Miss Carrie J Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 55 Logan St single female 1900 education teacher Smith Miss Daisy P Crafts School 67 Legare St 9 Logan St single female 1900 education teacher Smith Miss Claudia L Simonton School 21 Jasper St 98 Morris St single female 1900 education music teacher Strobel Miss Mary E 39 Society St* 39 Society St single female 1900 education teacher Strode Miss Leslie Mrs IA Smith's School 101 Meeting St 27 Meeting St single female 1900 education teacher Strohecker Agnes C Crafts School 67 Legare St 23 Coming St unknown 1900 education teacher Sweegan Miss Mary A Crafts School 67 Legare St 22 Savage St single female 1900 education teacher Sweeney Eugene F 7 Elizabeth St 102 Anson St single male 1900 education teacher Timmons Miss Margaret A Bennett School 35 St Philip St 6 Glebe St single female 1900 education teacher Townsend Miss Sadie B Shaw School 22 Mary St 52 Church St single female 1900 education teacher Turner Miss Carrie L Memminger School 12 St Philip St 117 Wentworth St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Avery Normal 1900 education teacher Tuttle Miss Elsie B 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute proprietor: 1900 education Unfug Miss Marie M 125 Church St 125 Church St single female private school other: professor 1900 education / teacher Valdes Francis P Memminger School 12 St Philip St 10 St Philip St Amelia married male physical culture 1900 education teacher Viett Miss Jeane M Memminger School 12 St Philip St 119 Meeting St single female music: professor 1900 education Wade Porter A 67 Cannon St* 67 Cannon St single male of vocal music 1900 education teacher Walker Miss Harriet P Shaw School 22 Mary St 20 Limehouse St single female Porter Military 1900 education teacher Walker Henry F 171 Ashley ave 12 Church St single male Academy 1900 education teacher Webb Miss Virginia JS Simonton School 21 Jasper St 76 Warren St single female 1900 education music teacher Welch Miss Carrie EF 14 America St* 14 America St single female 1900 education teacher Wilkie Miss Annie F Shaw School 22 Mary St 178 St Philip St single female 1900 education teacher Williams Miss Anna B Bennett School 35 St Philip St 152 St Philip St single female 179 1900 education teacher Williman Miss Susan C Mrs IA Smith 101 Meeting St 25 Logan St single female proprietor: 1900 education Winslow (c) Catherine 207 Coming St 207 Coming St unknown private school 1900 education teacher Wyld Miss Johanna P Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 425 Meeting St single female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Abrams Gerhard 13 Calhoun St 13 Calhoun St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Ahrens John 11 Council St 1 New St Annie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Albenesius Edward 28 Alexander St 28 Alexander St Emma married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Albers C Henry 81 Columbus St 81 Columbus St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Aldret Thomas J 52 Anson St 52 Anson St Beluah married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Anderson Gustave 14 Amherst St 14 Amherst St Rose married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Balzano Peter 146 Tradd St 146 Tradd St Nunziata married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Barber Jesse A 97 America St 97 America St Minnie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Behlmer Frederick CW FCW Behlmer 170 Ashley ave 170 Ashley ave Annie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Behlmer George HG 30 Magazine St 30 Magazine St Tena married male owner: grocer H Bischoff & Co (wholesale) / (grocers) at 201-203 Hermann 1900 groceries provisions, com Bischoff E Bay St + WB 201 East Bay St 125 East Bay St Franziska married male Bischoff + produce Bischoff & Bro (rice dealers planters) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Black James E 34 Archdale St 34 Archdale St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Blanken Claus H 71 Washington St 71 Washington St Wilhelmina married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Blumenberg William 17 State St 17 State St Emma married male groceries 1900 groceries Bode Mrs Kate L 22 Hampstead Sq 22 Hampstead Sq married female (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Boette August HC 176 Lane St 176 Lane St Marie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Boette Charles 27 Chapel St 27 Chapel St Augusta married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Bohlcks J C Henry 14 Franklin St 14 Franklin St Annie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Bohlen Frederick 1 Coming St 1 Coming St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Bokern William B 43 Calhoun St 43 Calhoun St Wilhemina married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Bosch J Frederick 58 Calhoun St 58 Calhoun St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Bottjer J Martin 246 St Philip St 246 St Philip St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Brainovich Joseph F 197 King St 197 King St Emily married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Brandt William JH 62 Drake St 62 Drake St Sophie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Brown Julian O 252 Coming St 252 Coming St Mary married male
180 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Bruns Harry R 60 Calhoun St 60 Calhoun St single male 1900 groceries owner: grocers Buck Henry H Buck & Son 114 Cannon St 114 Cannon St Annie married male 1900 groceries owner: grocers Buck Henry WH H Buck & Son 114 Cannon St 114 Cannon St Tena married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Bullwinkle Mrs Catherine 208 Rutledge ave 208 Rutledge ave married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Bullwinkle Mrs Gesche 98.5 Smith St 98.5 Smith St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Bullwinkle John H 40 Archdale St 23 Montagu St Margaret married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Burns John 354 Meeting St 357 Meeting St Mary T married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Butehorn J Henry E 78 Hanover St 78 Hanover St Annie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Butt John M 113 St Philip St 113 St Philip St Christina married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Cantini Geremia 169 Tradd St 169 Tradd St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Cappelmann F William 412 Meeting St 412 Meeting St Mary married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Castens Carston H 10 Inspection St 10 Inspection St Anna married male imported 1900 groceries groceries Chicco Vincent 83 Market St 83 Market St Mary married male (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Clark David A 20 Lucas St 20 Lucas St Gertrude married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Clark Morgan L 60 Morris St 60 Morris St Mary married male grocer + hay + 1900 groceries Clauss Andrew T 90 Shepard St 90 Shepard St Augusta married male grain (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title groceries + C Collins at 7-9 1900 groceries Collins (c) Cyrus C 7 Calhoun St 7 Calhoun St Nellie married male wood (retail) Calhoun St 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Connor Stephen J 318 Meeting St 86 Anson St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Cordes Charles P 95 Line St 267 Coming St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Cox Rudolph E 72 Lee St 72 Lee St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Dannhauer Carl 98 Anson St 97 Anson St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Dixon James A 9-11 Queen St 9 Queen St 27 State St Sarah A married male 1900 groceries grocer Doscher Mrs Margaret 60 Alexander St 60 Alexander St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Doscher Mrs Lena 1 Ash St 1 Ash St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Doscher August F 105-107 Broad St 105 Broad St 105 Broad St Matilda married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Doscher Ernst H 649 King St 649 King St Katrina married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Doscher August 171 Spring St 171 Spring St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Doten Joseph L 32 America St 15 Alexander St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Drews Hermann 22 Inspection St 22 Inspection St Emma married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Drews J Henry C 230 Ashley Ave 230 Ashley Ave Augusta married male
181 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Dreyer Gervert 77 Church St 77 Church St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Dreyer J Henry 81 Cannon St 81 Cannon St single male owner: grocer 1900 groceries Ducker George F JH Ducker & Co 558 King St 558 King St single male (retail) owner: grocer 1900 groceries Ducker William J JH Ducker & Co 558 King St 558 King St single male (retail) francy grocer at 111 grocer (retail or East Bay St; ship fancy); ship 1900 groceries Duggan Thomas chandler + restaurant 111 East Bay St 11 Savage St single male chandler; at 116-118 East Bay restaurant St owner: grocers 1900 groceries Duval Emil C Duval & Co 131 Wentworth St 7 Legare St single male (retail) owner: grocers Welch & Eason 1900 groceries (wholesale + Eason Lanier 185 Meeting St 112 Beaufain St Carrie married male 185-187 Meeting St retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Edwards (c) Benjamin B 251 Ashley Ave 249 Ashley Ave Mary married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Eickmeyer Henry 44 America St 44 America St Betty married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Eickmeyer William Meeting se cor Cedar 616 Meeting St 616 Meeting St single male 36 Calhoun St + wks 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Engelmann William JH 36 Calhoun St 38 Calhoun St Dora married male Valk & Murdoch Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Esdorn Herman 49 Gadsden St 49 Gadsden St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Fernan James 25 Tradd St 25 Tradd St single male owner: grocers Ficken, Jordan & Co 1900 groceries Ficken Edward H 197 East Bay St 67 Warren St Emma married male (wholesale) 197-199 East Bay St 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Fischbeck Henry 46 President St 46 President St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Fischer Henerich 124 Coming St 124 Coming St Caroline married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Fitzgibbon Mrs Anna 280 Ashley ave 280 Ashley ave married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Gambone Domenico 67 Market St 67 Market St Marguerita married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Garbini Natali 47 Market St 47 Market St Antonie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Gehlken Henry 58 Morris St 80 Ashley ave single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Gerbig Mrs M 284 East Bay St 27 Wentworth St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Graft George W 20 Cannon St 20 Cannon St Frances married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Gratzick Joseph 30 Congress St 30 Congress St Mary married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Gratzick Frank C King sw cor Simons 1099 King St 1099 King St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Groves George H 18 Beaufain St 18 Beaufain St Annie married male
182 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hackermann Louis F 182 Coming St 182 Coming St Annie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hackermann HG Chris 185 King St 185 King St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Haley Mrs Anne 229 St Philip St 229 St Philip St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Harken Henry 719 King St 719 King St single male owner: grocers Welch & Eason 1900 groceries (wholesale + Hasell Duncan J 185 Meeting St 64 Warren St Estelle married male 185-187 Meeting St retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hasselmeyer Henry O 54 Market St 54 Market St Mary married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hay Thomas B 35 Poinsett St 35 Poinsett St Georgian C married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hayes Mrs Julia 550 Meeting St 550 Meeting St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Heidtmann Ernst 54 Warren St 54 Warren St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Heinsohn Eggert 129 Broad St 129 Broad St Annie married male Patrick Kugan's 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Heinsohn John H Stores (150-154) 154 King St 57 Logan St Emma M married male circa 1868 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Heinsohn Claus J 95 Anson St 95 Anson St Emma married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hencken Charles F 540 Meeting St 540 Meeting St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Henken Mrs Henrietta 39 King St 39 King St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hentze Albert W 53 Bogard St 53 Bogard St Matilda married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hesenkamp William CF 102 Church St 102 Church St Louisa C married male JH Hesse 1900 groceries fancy groceries Hesse J Hermann 358 King St 358 King St Helena married male 358-360 King St 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hesse C Henry 162 Wentworth St 162 Wentworth St Julia married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hesse John N 2 Montagu St 42 Coming St Marie E married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hilson LJ 421 King St 421 King St single male owner: grocers (wholesale) + 1900 groceries provisions + Hirschmann Henry S Hirschmann & Son 168 East Bay St 36 Savage St Rosa married male commission merchants owner: grocers (wholesale) + 1900 groceries provisions + Hirschmann Soloman S Hirschmann & Son 168 East Bay St 6 Liberty St Frances married male commission merchants 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hockemeyer George L 283 Rutledge ave 283 Rutledge ave single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Holling Martin D 41 Bogard St 41 Bogard St Meta married male 183 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Holling John 2-4 John St 2 John St 4 John St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hollings Adolf FD 272 Rutledge ave 272 Rutledge ave Anna married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hoo Chu 78 King St 78 King St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hopke Rudolph 45 Hasell St 45 Hasell St Wilhelmina married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hopke Rudolph Jr 78 Anson St 78 Anson St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hottinger Christopher F 485 Meeting St 485 Meeting St Adella married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Hunt Joseph W 517 King St 16 Percy St single male Meeting sw cor 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Huthmacher August SA 689 Meeting St 689 Meeting St Sophie married male Romney 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Jantzen CE John 3 Minority St 3 Minority St Annie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Jantzen William F 116 Wentworth St 116 Wentworth St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Jenkins James W 12 Line St 12 Line St Bella A married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Johanns Gustav H 9-9.5 Anson St 9 Anson St 9 Anson St Ida married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Jones Otto G 41 Calhoun St 41 Calhoun St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Jordan Fritz 58 King St 54 King St Meta married male owner: grocers Ficken, Jordan & Co 1900 groceries Jordan William F 197 East Bay St 147 Tradd St Louisa married male (wholesale) 197-199 East Bay St 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Kangeter Mrs Lena C 246 Rutledge ave 246 Rutledge ave married female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Kangeter John 132 Spring St 132 Spring St Margaret married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Klaren George H 2 New St 2 New St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Klenke Charles F 429 King St 429 King St Gasine married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Klenke John 46 Coming St 46 Coming St Gertrude married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Klenke John H 79-81 East Bay St 79 East Bay St 79 East Bay St Johanna N married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Kohnke Frederick C 83 Coming St 83 Coming St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Koopmann Frederick 132 King St 132 King St Mary married male owner: grocer FW Wagener & Co; 1900 groceries Koster Julius D 161 East Bay St 144 Rutledge ave Henrietta D married male (wholesale) 161-165 East Bay St owner: hay, FDC Kracke Sons 1900 groceries grain + groceries Kracke Joseph F 616 King St 5 Doughty St single male 616-618 King St (retail) owner: hay, FDC Kracke Sons 1900 groceries grain + groceries Kracke William JD 616 King St 5 Doughty St single male 616-618 King St (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Kruger Frederick 185 Spring St 185 Spring St single male
184 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Kuck John 173 Line St 173 Line St single male Maxamillian 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Labouseur John L 94 Spring St 94 Spring St married male a 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Lau John H 186 St Philip St 186 St Philip St Anna married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Liddy Thomas J 43 America St 43 America St Mary married male 1900 groceries grocer Lilienthal John F 74 King St 94 Tradd St Adelheit married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Lilienthal John C 26 Archdale St 26 Archdale St Margaret married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Lubecke Max 522 Meeting St 522 Meeting St Christina married male owner: grocers 1900 groceries Lucas Henry P SH Wilson & Co 284 King St 29 Pitt St Mary F married male (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Luden Martin W 534 King St 534 King St Fredericka married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Luden John H 62 St Philip St 62 St Philip St Mary married male owner: grocer (wholesale) [business]; ship 1900 groceries chandlery, Luden John JW JJW Luden & Co 158 East Bay St 142 Cannon St Johanna married male hardware + cordage (general) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer, 1900 groceries provisions Luhrs Martin 225 East Bay St 225 East Bay St Wilhelmina married male (wholesale) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Lutjen Berend 157 Broad St 157 Broad St Katrina married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Lutjen Louis W 147 King St 157 Broad St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Mahlstedt George N 17 Mary St 17 Mary St single male stevedore; Clyde S S Co; JG 1900 groceries Mansfield John G 84 Calhoun St 84 Calhoun St Catherine married male grocer (retail) Mansfield 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Mappus Henry 10 Laurens St 10 Laurens St Louisa married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Mappus John J 124 Smith St 124 Smith St Helena married male 22 Queen St + 334 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Marks Thomas 22 Queen St 334 King St Jennie married male King St 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Martin W Frank 48 Mary St 48 Mary St Kate married male groceries 1900 groceries Martschink Mrs JL 53 Line St 53 Line St married female (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Martschink Frederick 504 Meeting St 504 Meeting St Emma married male
185 groceries 1900 groceries (retail) + wood Martschink Henry 18-24 Tradd St 18 Tradd St 18 Tradd St Marie married male yard owner: grocers Matthies & Stelling 1900 groceries Matthies August 186 East Bay St 16 Ashton St Meta married male (wholesale) 184.5-186 East Bay St 1900 groceries grocer (retail) McElhose William 81 Calhoun St 81 Calhoun St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) McLaughlin Mrs JJ 101 Calhoun St 101 Calhoun St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Mehrtens John H 2 Limehouse St 2 Limehouse St Mina married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Mehrtens George H 56 George St 58 George St Annie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Mehrtens George 65 Tradd St 58 Meeting St Sophie married male owner: grocers Melchers & Co; 1900 groceries (wholesale) + Melchers Louis A 167 East Bay St 105 Drake St Minnie married male 167-169 East Bay St rice dealers owner: grocers Melchers & Co; 1900 groceries (wholesale) + Melchers Theodore 167 East Bay St 105 Drake St Helen married male 167-169 East Bay St rice dealers 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Meyer Henry R 28 Pitt St 28 Pitt St Henrietta married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Meyer John DE 126 Church St 50 Hasell St Mary married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Meyer Henry M 14 Vernon St 14 Vernon St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Meyer John F 25-27 Church St 25 Church St 16 Atlantic St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Meyer Gustav W 70 Columbus St 70 Columbus St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Mindermann John H 44 Cannon St 44 Cannon St single male owner: grocers 1900 groceries Minnis William William Minnis & Co 362 King St 266 Meeting St single male (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Mohlenhoff Henry GW 490 Meeting St 492 Meeting St Rachel married male 1900 groceries grocery (retail) Molony Mrs Delia 68 Reid St 68 Reid St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Molony James 156 Church St 156 Church St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Mooney James W 182 Queen St 182 Queen St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Moore Joseph 128 Church St 55 Queen St single male 1900 groceries groceries Moore (c) Josephine 352 Rutledge ave 352 Rutledge ave unknown 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Moseley Clarence S 52 Gadsden St 9 President St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Muller Ernst A 12 Queen St 12 Queen St Emma A married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Muller Christian 328 King St 9 Liberty St single male owner: grocers 1900 groceries Muller Otto Jr Duval & Co 131 Wentworth St 20 Glebe St single male (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Myers Mrs L 43 Cannon St 43 Cannon St married female 186 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Nolte MF Carl 60 Anson St 60 Anson St single male grocer (retail); H Nolte; Consumers 1900 groceries Nolte Henry 26 Vanderhorst St 26 Vanderhorst St single male vice president Ice Co 1900 groceries grocer (retail) O'Brien Jeremiah 10 Queen St 10 Queen St Elizabeth J married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) O'Brien Nicholas 13 State St 13 State St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) O'Connor Patrick 49 Archdale St 49 Archdale St single male owner: grocers (wholesale) + 1900 groceries O'Neill Bernard B O'Neill & Sons 191 East Bay St 1 East Battery St single male commission merchants owner: grocers (wholesale) + 1900 groceries O'Neill James B B O'Neill & Sons 191 East Bay St 1 East Battery St single male commission merchants owner: grocers B O'Neill & Sons; (wholesale) + Hibernia Trust + 1900 groceries commission O'Neill Frank Q Savings Bank + 191 East Bay St 1 East Battery St single male merchants; Charleston Dry Goods president Co owner: grocers 1900 groceries Ohlandt John F DW Ohlandt & Sons 42 Meeting St 55 Hasell St Carrie married male (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: grocers 1900 groceries Ohlandt Diedrich W DW Ohlandt & Sons 42 Meeting St 42 Meeting St single male (retail) owner: grocers 1900 groceries Ohlandt Diedrich W Jr DW Ohlandt & Sons 42 Meeting St 42 Meeting St single male (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Oldenburg William H 348 Rutledge ave 348 Rutledge ave single male proprietor: John Hurkamp Co, fancy groceries, The; 1900 groceries confections, etc Ostendorff J Hermie 103 Broad St 47 Smith St Lula married male 103 Broad St + 220 (wholesale + King St retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Osterholtz Henry FD 143 Ashley ave 143 Ashley ave Hannah married male John Paul & Co: owner: fancy 1900 groceries Paul John 49 Broad St + 109 49 Broad St 5 Franklin St Mary married male groceries etc Church St John Paul & Co: owner: fancy 1900 groceries Paul George 49 Broad St + 109 49 Broad St 94 Church St Annie R married male groceries etc Church St owner: grocers
187 (wholesale), 1900 groceries Pearlstine Hyman IM Pearlstine & Sons 493 King St 59 Society St Esther married male grain, hay, feed, etc owner: grocers (wholesale), 1900 groceries Pearlstine Isaac M IM Pearlstine & Sons 493 King St 59 Society St Rebecca married male grain, hay, feed, etc grocer 1900 groceries (wholesale + Peeckson JN 314 + 514 King St 314 King St 191 Rutledge ave Hattie married male retail) fancy + staple 1900 groceries Peeckson H Reelf 570 King St 191 Rutledge ave single male grocer etc owner: grocers 1900 groceries Peters Carsten H CH Peters & Sons 54 Chapel St 54 Chapel St Fredericka married male (retail) owner: grocers 1900 groceries Peters Frederick C CH Peters & Sons 54 Chapel St 54 Chapel St single male (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Pieper J Fred 60-62 Line St 60 Line St 60 Line St Julia married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Poppen Theodore 73 Nassau St 73 Nassau St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Puckhaber Behrend F 19 Franklin St 19 Franklin St Lena married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Puckhaber Frederick 192 Calhoun St 86 Coming St Meta married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Renken Henry K 175 Smith St 175 Smith St Dora married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Renken Henry H Renken 458 Meeting St 458 Meeting St Adeline married male groceries etc 1900 groceries Richardson (c) Lottie 17 Allway St 17 Allway St unknown (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Rickels Edward H 127 Church St 127 Church St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Rink Karl W 36 Blake St 36 Blake St Sophie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Rink John A 16 America St 16 America St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Roberts William 370 Rutledge ave 370 Rutledge ave Margaret married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Roddy Thomas 36 Queen St 45 Queen St Ann married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Rodeman George L 607 King St 607 King St Annie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Rosebrock Hermann 61 Logan St 61 Logan St Marguerite married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Sanders (c) John A 166 Smith St 166 Smith St Paralee married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Sawadske John M 47 Nassau St 47 Nassau St single male grocer (retail or 278 King St; West 1900 groceries fancy); Schiadaressi Spero P Indies Fruit Store at 278 King St 75 Wentworth St Anita married male proprietor 276 King St owner: grocers 1900 groceries Schirmer Clarence D CD Schirmer & Co 254 King St 117 Wentworth St Elizabeth married male 188 (retail) grocer (retail or 1900 groceries fancy), hay, Schmancke Charles L 562 King St 562 King St Meta married male grain, etc 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schmetzer George C 18 Chapel St 18 Chapel St Jennie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schmonsees Claus H 14 Reid St 14 Reid St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schroder Miss Lena cor King + Boundary 380 King St 380 King St single female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schroder Diedrich 156 Coming St 156 Coming St Sophie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schultz Christain H 95 Calhoun St 95 Calhoun St Julia P married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schultz Arnold L 162 Calhoun St 162 Calhoun St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schultz John D 49 Beaufain St 49 Beaufain St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schumacher William AT 39 Washington St 39 Washington St Anna F married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schutt Albert 672 King St 672 King St Sophie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schwecke John H 9 Inspection St 9 Inspection St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Schweers Henry D 44 State St 49 State St Annie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Seebeck Frederick 107 Rutledge ave 107 Rutledge ave single male grocer (retail) + 1900 groceries Seebeck Jacob HC 249-251 St Philip St 249 St Philip St 249 St Philip St single male hay + grain 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Semken Gevert 224 Rutledge ave 224 Rutledge ave Maria married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Semken Henry 24 Mazyck St 24 Mazyck St Meta married male groceries 1900 groceries Shoppel Mrs Margaret 104 Concord St 104 Concord St married female (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Siemers Frederick 62 Alexander St 62 Alexander St Ida married male secretary + Klinck & Wickenberge 1900 groceries treasurer: fancy Smith J Raworth 46 Broad St 4 Ogier St Annie married male Co at 46-48 Broad St groceries, etc 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Sohl Henry 109 Drake St 109 Drake St Rebecca married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Solterie Frederick D 1 Sires Alley 1 Sires Alley Georgie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Solterie Samuel 334 Ashley ave 334 Ashley ave Emily married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Stehmeyer Diedrich 24 St Philip St 24 St Philip St Mary married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Steinberg Louis 59 Coming St 59 Coming St Pauline married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Steinberg Cord 82 Beaufain St 82 Beaufain St Emilie married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Stelling Henry 32 Laurens St 32 Laurens St Tena married male owner: grocers Matthies & Stelling 1900 groceries Stelling John H 186 East Bay St 140 Cannon St Elise married male (wholesale) 184.5-186 East Bay St
189 groceries 1900 groceries (retail) + dry Stelljes John DF Meeting sw cor Butler 623 Meeting St 623 Meeting St Meta married male goods 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Stemmerman William G 32 Bull St 32 Bull St single male groceries 1900 groceries Stender Mrs Lula 13 Chesnut 13 Chesnut married female (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Sturm Henry WL 426 Meeting St 426 Meeting St Caroline married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Sturm John 388 Meeting St 388 Meeting St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Sweeney Eugene F 7 Elizabeth St 102 Anson St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Tecklenberg Henry 14 St Philip St 14 St Philip St Lotta married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Teskey Robert 301 King St 30 George St Mary married male Meeting cor City 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Thackray Robert 125 Calhoun St 125 Calhoun St Sarah married male Limits 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Thee Fritz 34 Amherst St 34 Amherst St Ida H married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Thiele Philip 65 Market St 65 Market St Meta married male owner: grocers Otto Tiedeman & Sons 1900 groceries Tiedeman John C 172 East Bay St 130 Broad St Carrie married male (wholesale) 172-176 East Bay St owner: grocers Otto Tiedeman & Sons 1900 groceries Tiedeman Otto 172 East Bay St 152 Broad St Virginia married male (wholesale) 172-176 East Bay St Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: grocers Otto Tiedeman & Sons 1900 groceries Tiedeman Otto Jr 172 East Bay St 19 Legare St M Louise married male (wholesale) 172-176 East Bay St 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Tiedemann Mrs Maggie L 208 Coming St 208 Coming St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Tiedemann Carsten Jr 2 Woolfe St 2 Woolfe St Bertha married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Tietjen John H 153 St Philip St 153 St Philip St Fredericka married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Tweitmann George EW 118-120 Meeting St 118 Meeting St 118 Meeting St Laura A married male 1900 groceries groceries Viohl Mrs Adeline 34 Tradd St 82 Church St married female 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Voights Henry 333 Rutledge ave 333 Rutledge ave Meta married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Von Glahn Nicholas 105 Coming St 105 Coming St Augusta married male owner: grocer (wholesale) [business]; ship 1900 groceries chandlery, Von Glahn William CF JJW Luden & Co 158 East Bay St 113 St Philip St single male hardware + cordage (general) fancy groceries, 1900 groceries Von Oven Ferdinand 237 King St 82 King St single male 190 etc owner: grocer FW Wagener & Co; 1900 groceries Wagener Frederick W 161 East Bay St 117 Broad St Johanna married male (wholesale) 161-165 East Bay St FW Wagener & Co at owner: grocer 161-165 East Bay St; 1900 groceries (wholesale); Wagener George A 161 East Bay St 179 Rutledge ave Eleanor married male Royal Bag president Manufacturing Co owner: grocers 1900 groceries Wagener J Andreas Wagener Bros 187 East Bay St 51 Chapel St Georgianna married male (wholesale) owner: grocers 1900 groceries Wagener Emile A Wagener Bros 187 East Bay St 6 Green St Lillie married male (wholesale) owner: grocers 1900 groceries Wallace James W SH Wilson & Co 284 King St 65 Charlotte St Ella married male (retail) 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Weber Henry F 480 King St 480 King St Meta married male owner: staple + F Wehmann Sons 1900 groceries Wehmann Fritz 307 East Bay St 332 East Bay St Annie married male fancy groceries 307-309 East Bay St F Wehmann Sons at owner: staple + 307-309 E Bay St; 1900 groceries fancy groceries; Wehmann Edward E 307 East Bay St 192 Wentworth St Bertha married male Carolina Mutual secretary Insurance Co Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: grocers Welch & Eason 1900 groceries (wholesale + Welch William H 185-187 Meeting St + 185 Meeting St 140 Rutledge ave Amarinthia married male retail) 115-117 Market St owner: grocers Welch & Eason 1900 groceries (wholesale + Welch Harvey S 185-187 Meeting St + 185 Meeting St 156 Wentworth St Pauline married male retail) 115-117 Market St 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Wellbrock John D 224 Coming St 224 Coming St Kate married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Wellbrock J Henry Jr JH Wellbrock Jr 46 Spring St 46 Spring St Meta married male grocer (wholesale); 1900 groceries Werner John F 23-25 Vendue Range 23 Vendue Range 176 Tradd St Fannie married male dealer in crossties 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Wiermann Edward H 188 Spring St 188 Spring St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Wiermann Henry N 58 Morris St 58 Morris St single male grocer (retail); AW Wieters; 1900 groceries Wieters August W 82 Calhoun St 82 Calhoun St Henrietta married male president Consumers Ice Co grocer 178-180 + 183 East 1900 groceries Wieters John C 178 East Bay St 26 George St Meta married male (wholesale) Bay St 191 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Wieters Otto H 186 King St 186 King St single male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Wigger John D 205 Spring St 205 Spring St Henrietta married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Wille Henry 1 Henrietta St 1 Henrietta St Anna married male owner: grocers SH Wilson & Co; Dime 1900 groceries (retail); Wilson Samuel H 284 King St 11 College St Annie married male Savings Bank president 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Witt Mrs Meta 117 Nassau St 117 Nassau St married female 70 St Philip St + 157 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Witt Mrs Anna A 70 St Philip St 40 Radcliffe St married female Coming St 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Witt Aaron F 83 Anson St 83 Anson St Margaret married male 1900 groceries grocer (retail) Wohlers John H JH Wohlers 463 King St 2 Radcliffe St single male owner: groceries C Wulburn & Co 1900 groceries + provisions Wulburn Carsten 171 East Bay St 164 Wentworth St Meta married male 171-173 East Bay St (wholesale) owner: groceries C Wulburn & Co 1900 groceries + provisions Wulburn John 171 East Bay St 42 Hasell St Catherine J married male 171-173 East Bay St (wholesale) owner: groceries C Wulburn & Co 1900 groceries + provisions Wulburn Edward N 171 East Bay St 95 Rutledge ave Lillian married male 171-173 East Bay St (wholesale) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: groceries C Wulburn & Co 1900 groceries + provisions Wulburn JHC 171 East Bay St 164 Wentworth St single male 171-173 East Bay St (wholesale) 1900 law attorney at law Austin William 43-45-47 Broad St 43 Broad St 101 Wentworth St single male owner / 1900 law Bacot Thomas W McCradys & Bacot 29 Broad St 22 Water St Louisa married male attorney at law 1900 law attorney at law Baker Duncan J 39 Broad St 131 Coming St single male 1900 law attorney at law Barker Theodore G 63 Broad St 131 Tradd St Louisa married male 1900 law attorney at law Barnwell Joseph W 18-20 Broad St 18 Broad St 48 S Bay St Harriott K married male Charleston County 1900 law Probate judge Bolger Henry LP office Fire Proof 100 Meeting St 145 East Bay St single male Building Honorable 1900 law US district judge Brawley office PO Building 18 Broad St 9 Legare St single male William H 1900 law lawyer Browne (c) Robert C 104.5 Church St 5 Percy St Marion married male owner / Honorable 1900 law Bryan Bryan & Bryan 11 Broad St 40 East Bay St Mary married male attorney at law George D 192 1900 law attorney at law Bryan Francis M 39 Broad St 40 East Bay St single male owner / 1900 law Bryan JP Kennedy Bryan & Bryan 11 Broad St 46 S Bay St single male attorney at law owner / 1900 law Buist George L Buist & Buist 30 Broad St 283 Meeting St Martha A married male attorney at law owner / 1900 law Buist Henry Buist & Buist 30 Broad St 49 Laurens St Frances G married male attorney at law owner / 1900 law Burke J Edmond Burke & Erckmann 32 Broad St 280 Calhoun St Emily married male attorney at law 1900 law attorney at law Butler W Enston 33 Broad St 6 Hampstead Sq Ella married male Simons, Siegling & owner / 1900 law Cappellmann John D Cappelmann; 46 Broad St 200 Rutledge ave Julia married male attorney at law 46-48 Broad St 1900 law attorney at law Cheves Langdon 18-20 Broad St 18 Broad St 61 S Bay St Sophia married male Chisolm + deSaussure attorney at law; (fire insurance) at 26 1900 law Chisolm J Bachman 145 Rutledge ave 145 Rutledge ave Octavia married male physician Broad St; JB Chisolm at 145 Rutledge 1900 law attorney at law Cohen Asher D 88 Broad St 14 Vanderhorst St Miriam married male 1900 law attorney at law Conner Henry W Jr 13 Broad St 37 Meeting St Anna M B married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 law attorney at law Curtis Thomas B 54 Broad St 24 Pitt St Leila married male Chisolm & deSaussure 1900 law attorney at law DeSaussure William P 26 Broad St 18 Logan St single male (fire insurance) 1900 law attorney at law DeSaussure Henry A 23 Broad St 47 East Bay St single male owner / Edwards & Sasportas 1900 law Edwards (c) John B 1 Court House Sq 10 Rosemount St single male attorney at law (c) owner / 1900 law Erckmann Harry L Burke & Erckmann 32 Broad St 158 Wentworth St single male attorney at law owner / Ficken, Hughes + 1900 law Ficken Henry H 54 Broad St 35 Meeting St Julia B married male attorney at law Ficken owner / Honorable John Ficken, Hughes + 1900 law Ficken 54 Broad St 94 Rutledge ave Emma married male attorney at law F Ficken WM Fitch; The City attorney at law; 1900 law Fitch William Mosley Trust, Safe Deposit + 91 Broad St 91 Broad St Minnie E married male agent Surety Co owner / 1900 law Fitz Simons W Huger Fitz Simons & Moffett 63 Broad St 21 Friend St Annie married male attorney at law
193 owner / Smythe, Lee & Frost; 1900 law Frost Frank R 7 Broad St 5 East Battery St single male attorney at law 7 + 9 Broad St owner / Mordecai & Gadsden 1900 law Gadsden Philip H 43 Broad St 24 New St Sallie I married male attorney at law 43-45-47 Broad St owner / Gaillard & Williams 1900 law Gaillard (c) John A 3 Chalmers St 2 Fludd St single male attorney at law 3-5 Chalmers St 1900 law attorney at law Gilliland Daniel B 63 Broad St 43 Anson St single male lawyer (profession not 1900 law Grimball John office 65 Broad St 1 Ashley ave Mary G married male listed in general directory) attorney at law 1900 law + assistant US Hagood Benjamin A 39 Broad St 1 Maiden Lane Mary M married male District Attorney owner / 1900 law Hayne Eugene R Hayne & Culler 48 Spring St 291 Rutledge ave single male attorney at law attorney at law; 12 Broad St; 193 East 1900 law Heyward William Henry 12 Broad St 31 St Philip St Elennita married male rice dealer Bay St owner / 1900 law Holman William A Legare & Holman 39 Broad St 176 Rutledge ave Isabell A married male attorney at law 1900 law attorney at law Holmes George S 42 Broad St 34 South Battery St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title James Gregorie House 1900 law attorney at law Huger Arthur M 28 Broad St 28 Broad St single male circa 1791 owner / Ficken, Hughes + 1900 law Hughes Edward W 54 Broad St 150 Wentworth St Virginia married male attorney at law Ficken 1900 law attorney at law Hyde Simeon 26 Broad St 117 Wentworth St Lila G married male 1900 law attorney at law Inglesby Charles 33 Broad St 5 Gibbes St Caroline married male 1900 law attorney at law Jervey W St Julien 14 Broad St 136 Tradd St single male attorney at law 1900 law Jervey Theodore D office 23 Broad St 71 Rutledge ave single male + City Recorder owner / Smythe, Lee & Frost; 1900 law Lee A Markley 7 Broad St 104 Tradd St Eliza married male attorney at law 7 + 9 Broad St owner / Legare & Holman + 1900 law Legare George S 39 Broad St 256 Rutledge ave Fannie married male attorney at law corporation counsel 1900 law attorney at law Logan W Turner 50 Broad St 37 Church St single male owner / 1900 law Mathews Brice H Mathews & Momeier 44 Broad St 15 President St Florence married male attorney at law 1900 law attorney at law Mazyck Arthur 23 Broad St 133 Broad St EP married male 194 owner / 1900 law McCrady Louis deB McCradys & Bacot 29 Broad St 56 S Bay St Jane S married male attorney at law owner / 1900 law McCrady Edward McCradys & Bacot 29 Broad St 7 Water St Mary F married male attorney at law FW Wagener Co; 1900 law attorney at law Mehrtens John C 161 East Bay St 4 Franklin St Harriet R married male 161-165 East Bay St Memminger & owner / Redding at 59 Broad attorney at law; St; office Fire Proof 1900 law Memminger R Withers Jr 59 Broad St 44 Pitt St Evelyn married male Judicial Building at 100 Magistrate Meeting St circa 1822-27 1900 law attorney at law Merritt Richard C 44 Broad St 57 Cannon St Elizabeth married male 1900 law attorney at law Millar John C 33 Broad St 59 Bogard St single male owner / Trenholm, Rhett, 1900 law Miller William C 35 Broad St 321 East Bay St Georgia married male attorney at law Miller & Whaley owner / 1900 law Mitchell Julian Mitchell & Smith 31 Broad St 209 Ashley ave Carrie married male attorney at law owner / 1900 law Mitchell Julian Jr Mitchell & Smith 31 Broad St 209 Ashley ave Belle married male attorney at law 1900 law attorney at law Mitchell Horatio W Jr 42 Broad St 54 Cannon St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner / 1900 law Moffett George H Fitz Simons & Moffett 63 Broad St 201 Ashley ave single male attorney at law owner / 1900 law Momeier George H Mathews & Momeier 44 Broad St 50 Chapel St Ernestine married male attorney at law owner / Mordecai & Gadsden 1900 law Mordecai T Moultrie 43 Broad St 93 Rutledge ave single male attorney at law 43-45-47 Broad St 1900 law attorney at law Mowry Louis DM 53 Broad St 12 Montagu St single male 1900 law attorney at law Muckenfuss William M 33 Broad St 122 Wentworth St single male 1900 law attorney at law Myers Frank K 50 Broad St 28 Lamboll St Roberta married male 1900 law attorney at law Nathans Jacob N 15 Broad St 3 College St Alice married male 1900 law attorney at law Nathans Jacob N Jr 16 Broad St 3 College St single male 1900 law attorney at law Northrop Claudian B 11 Broad St 119 Meeting St single male Mayor's clerk; 1900 law O'Neale Robert G office City Hall 80 Broad St 72 Radcliffe St single male attorney at law 1900 law attorney at law Parker William Henry Jr 39 Broad St 143 Tradd St Elizabeth E married male 1900 law attorney at law Perry J Lamb 7-9 Broad St 7 Broad St 10 Legare St Caroline S married male
195 1900 law attorney at law Prioleau Thomas G 53 Broad St 7 King St single male owner / Memminger & 1900 law Redding C Julius 59 Broad St 21 Meeting St single male attorney at law Redding owner of Trenholm, Rhett, Miller & Whaley; owner of WD owner / 1900 law Rhett R Goodwyn Middleton & Co; 35 Broad St 9 Limehouse St Helen SW married male attorney at law president of People's National Bank + South Carolina Loan & Trust Co 1900 law attorney at law Rivers M Rutledge 30 Broad St 12 George St Eliza married male 1900 law attorney at law Rodgers Francis S Jr 39 Broad St 174 Tradd St Florence K married male 1900 law magistrate Rouse George W 10 Court House Sq 143 Wentworth St Cordelia L married male Benjamin H 1900 law attorney at law Rutledge 43-45-47 Broad St 43 Broad St 52 South Battery St Emma C married male
lawyer / Master office County Court 1900 law Charleston Sass G Herbert 83 Broad St 23 Legare St single male House County 1900 law attorney at law Silcox Thomas S 59 Broad St 52 Smith St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Simons, Siegling & owner / Cappelmann at 46-48 Honorable 1900 law attorney at law; Simons Broad St; president of 46 Broad St 172 Broad St Elizabeth married male James president The News + Courier Co 1900 law attorney at law Sinkler Huger 15 Broad St 17 Limehouse St single male owner / 1900 law Smith Henry AM Mitchell & Smith 31 Broad St 26 Meeting St Emma married male attorney at law owner / Smythe, Lee & Frost; 1900 law Smythe Augustine T 7 Broad St 31 Legare St Louisa married male attorney at law 7 + 9 Broad St 1900 law attorney at law Thomas W Henry 92 Broad St 3 Pitt St Mattie T married male 1900 law attorney at law Thomas William M 92 Broad St 22 Thomas single male 1900 law attorney at law Tompkins Frank G 17 Broad St 112 Beaufain St single male owner / Trenholm, Rhett, 1900 law Trenholm George M 35 Broad St 24 South Battery St Claudia married male attorney at law Miller & Whaley lawyer; Master 1900 law Charleston Whaley W Gibbes Court House 83 Broad St 45 East Bay St single male County 196 owner / Trenholm, Rhett, 1900 law Whaley Richard S 35 Broad St 26 Legare St single male attorney at law Miller & Whaley owner / Gaillard & Williams 1900 law Williams (c) Martin A 3 Chalmers St 3 Chalmers St single male attorney at law 3-5 Chalmers St owner / 1900 law Young Henry E Young & Young 28 Broad St 22 Legare St Elizabeth B married male attorney at law owner / 1900 law Young Arthur B Young & Young 28 Broad St 22 Legare St single male attorney at law 1900 medical physician Aimar Charles P Jr 4 Vanderhorst St 268 Calhoun St Leonardi married male St Francis Xavier 1900 medical house physician Alston Roland 258 Calhoun St 258 Calhoun St single male Infirmary 1900 medical physician Andrews Joseph D 196 St Philip St 573 King St single male 1900 medical physician Angel Isaac W 94 Society St 94 Society St single male 1900 medical physician Baker Archibald E 111 Cannon St 126 Rutledge ave Adele married male 1900 medical physician Baker Barnard B 57 King St 55 King St single male 1900 medical physician Barbot Louis D 35 Coming St 35 Coming St Minnie married male E Henry 1900 medical physician Barnwell office 67 Smith St 66 Radcliffe St single male
1900 medical physician Bellinger Amos N 83 Wentworth St 83 Wentworth St Maria married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 medical physician Brodie Robert L office 114 Rutledge ave 114 Rutledge ave single male 1900 medical physician Brown (c) Lucy H 97 King St 11 Nassau St single male 1900 medical physician Buist A Johnston 93 Meeting St 247 Meeting St Alice M married male 1900 medical physician Buist J Somars 277 Meeting St 247 Meeting St Margaret married male 1900 medical physician Carpenter Ernest W 460.5 Meeting St 108 Columbus St single male 1900 medical physician Cathcart Robert S Jr 66 Hasell St 66 Hasell St Katherine M married male 1900 medical physician Cleckley Francis V 94 Society St 94 Society St single male 1900 medical physician Crum (c) William D 98 Coming St 98 Coming St Ellen married male 1900 medical physician Dawson John L 82 Tradd St 36 S Bay St Mary S married male 1900 medical physician DeSaussure Henry W 255 Meeting St 56 Society St Margaret married male 1900 medical physician DeSaussure P Gourdin 62 Hasell St 47 East Bay St single male 1900 medical physician Fitch Augustus 144 Wentworth St 144 Wentworth St Victoria W married male 1900 medical physician Forrest John 10 King St 10 King St Felicia H married male 1900 medical physician Galvin John P 87 Washington St 87 Washington St single male 1900 medical physician Green J Merceier 29 Coming St 116 Queen St single male
197 1900 medical physician Grimke Thomas S 50 Laurens St 50 Laurens St Sarah Y married male 1900 medical physician Hamilton (c) Robert A 76 Cooper St 76 Cooper St single male city dispensary 1900 medical Horlbeck Henry office 13 St Philip St 110 Beaufain St single male physician health officer / 1900 medical Horlbeck Dr Henry B City Hall 80 Broad St 20 Coming St single male doctor Charleston Orphan 1900 medical physician Huger, MD William H 140 Broad St 140 Broad St Salina married male House physician / 1900 medical Hunter B Wagener 597 King St 597 King St Lillie married male surgeon also listed at St Francis Xavier 1900 medical physician Jackson, MD Henry P 38 Pinckney St 50 Church St single male Infirmary at 258-266 Calhoun city dispensary 1900 medical Johnson William Henry 107 Wentworth St 107 Wentworth St Lottie C married male physician 1900 medical physician Johnson (c) William H 106 Spring St 241 Ashley ave Mary married male physician + 1900 medical Kellers Edward H 95 Broad St 95 Broad St Emma married male druggist 1900 medical physician Kinloch Edward J 285 Meeting St 285 Meeting St Mary W married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 medical physician Kirk Richard S 40 Alexander St 165 Ashley ave Marion married male 1900 medical physician Kollock Charles W 20 Coming St 163 Rutledge ave Gertrude married male 1900 medical physician Lebby Brewerton M 421 Meeting St* 421 Meeting St Amelia A married male 1900 medical physician Lindau (c) Louis H office 40 Bull St 40 Bull St single male 1900 medical physician Macmurphy George Y 175 St Philip St 155 Rutledge ave single male 1900 medical physician Maybank Joseph 248 Calhoun St 130 Rutledge ave Harriette married male 1900 medical physician McClennan Alonzo C 425 King St 425 King St Ida V married male someone crossed out "101 Rutledge ave" 1900 medical physician McDow T Ballard 101 Rutledge ave 101 Rutledge ave Kate L married male and wrote "101 Ashley ave" instead 1900 medical physician Memminger Allard 69 George St 28 Lamboll St single male 1900 medical physician Mitchell J Creighton 481 Meeting St 481 Meeting St Louise C married male 1900 medical physician Mullally Lane 126 Meeting St 173 Broad St single male 1900 medical physician Parker Francis L 70 Hasell St 128 Tradd St Elizabeth married male 1900 medical physician Parker Edward F 70 Hasell St 128 Tradd St single male 198 1900 medical physician Porcher Walter P 99 Meeting St 15 Lamboll St Mary L married male 1900 medical physician Rankin Thomas D 51 Mary St 51 Mary St single male 1900 medical physician Ravenel William C 109 Broad St 109 Broad St Emily married male 1900 medical physician Ravenel Edmund 52-54 Meeting St 52 Meeting St 52 Meeting St single male 1900 medical physician Rees Charles W 93 Wentworth St 93 Wentworth St single male 1900 medical physician Rhett R Barnwell 111 Cannon St 109 Cannon St Margaret married male 1900 medical physician Rutledge Edward 113 Meeting St 44 S Bay St single male 1900 medical physician Sams Franklin F 149 Broad St 37 New St Elizabeth married male 1900 medical physician Scharlock Theodore M 75 Calhoun St 31 Middle St Maggie married male 1900 medical physician Schroeder Charles H 80 Cannon St 80 Cannon St Anna married male 1900 medical physician Schwacke Augustus H 52 Hasell St 52 Hasell St Lizzie married male 1900 medical physician Simons T Grange 18 Montagu St 18 Montagu St Serena A married male M Simons at 111 physician Church; St Francis 1900 medical (business); Simons, MD Manning 111 Church St 22 Rutledge ave single male Xavier Infirmary at surgeon (misc) 258-266 Calhoun 1900 medical physician Taft A Robert 9 Cannon St 178 Rutledge ave Mary W married male 1900 medical physician Thompson (c) John M 37 Radcliffe St 37 Radcliffe St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 medical physician Whaley Thomas P 113 Wentworth St 26 Legare St single male homeopathic 1900 medical Whitman Joshua A 86 Wentworth St 86 Wentworth St Hannah F married male physician JL Wilson & Bro owner; 1900 medical Wilson J LaRoche (druggists); JLR 40 Alexander St 40 Alexander St single male physician Wilson 1900 medical physician Wilson Robert Jr 271 Meeting St 271 Meeting St single male 1900 medical physician Woodruff Julian C 134 Wentworth St 163 Broad St Annie F married male 1900 railway conductor Appleby George M Plant System 525 East Bay St 24 Elizabeth St Claudia married male 1900 railway conductor Baum Harry Street Railway 649 Meeting St 612 King St single male 1900 railway conductor Beattie Julian B Southern Railway 44 Line St 309 Rutledge ave Lila married male 1900 railway conductor Beylot Edward Street Railway 649 Meeting St 29 Hanover St single male 1900 railway conductor Black Patrick Southern Railway 44 Line St 17 Ann St Sarah married male 1900 railway conductor Blackard James A Southern Railway 44 Line St 314 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Blackman Henry P Plant System 525 East Bay St 14 Elizabeth St Bessie married male 1900 railway conductor Boozer Simon P Southern Railway 44 Line St 135 Calhoun St single male 199 1900 railway conductor Bowick William T Street Railway 649 Meeting St 118 Drake St Emma married male 1900 railway conductor Browning Sydney A Street Railway 649 Meeting St 8 Hampstead Sq Addie married male 1900 railway conductor Buckheister William H Street Railway 649 Meeting St 68 Jackson St Azile married male 1900 railway conductor Buckheister Edward R Street Railway 649 Meeting St 546 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Cordes Alexander W Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 83 East Bay St Cynthia married male 1900 railway conductor Damon Charles W Plant System 525 East Bay St 86 Drake St Gertrude married male Charleston 1900 railway conductor Dawson Charles B 649 Meeting St 373 King St single male Consolidated Railway 1900 railway conductor Dennis Sidney M City / Street Railway 649 Meeting St 66 Amherst St single male 1900 railway conductor Dix John M Street Railway 649 Meeting St 14 Vernon St single male 1900 railway conductor Eason William A Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 83 East Bay St Sadie married male 1900 railway conductor Eisenhardt Edward Street Railway 649 Meeting St 26 Alexander St single male 1900 railway conductor Emerson William S Street Railway 649 Meeting St 8 Elizabeth St Rosalie married male 1900 railway conductor Flemming Albert D Street Railway 649 Meeting St 49.5 Reid St Mary married male 1900 railway conductor Friend Edward T Street Railway 649 Meeting St 32 Shepard St Ida married male 1900 railway conductor Gaillard John W Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 11 Glebe St single male 1900 railway conductor Gaillard Benjamin F Southern Railway 44 Line St 237 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Garvey John T Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 237 Meeting St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 railway conductor Gasque Charles W Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 45 Laurens St Minnie married male 1900 railway conductor Gibbes Benjamin Street Railway 649 Meeting St 499 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Gilbert Stephen C Southern Railway 44 Line St 37 Henrietta St Mary married male 1900 railway conductor Gruber George W Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 30 Blake St Carrie married male 1900 railway conductor Gruber H Eugene Street Railway 649 Meeting St 28 Blake St single male 1900 railway conductor Gruber Joseph K Street Railway 649 Meeting St 85 Spring St single male 1900 railway conductor Guthke William W Street Railway 649 Meeting St 465 Meeting St Violet married male 1900 railway conductor Halsall John R Street Railway 649 Meeting St 16 Bogard St single male 1900 railway conductor Hamett Thomas H Street Railway 649 Meeting St 318 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Hill Whitmel J Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 237 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Horton Stannie S Street Railway 649 Meeting St 120 Columbus St Sallie married male 1900 railway conductor Jackson William H Street Railway 649 Meeting St 159 Broad St single male 1900 railway conductor Jeffords Evander J Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 53 Columbus St Mattie married male 1900 railway conductor Kingdon George P Street Railway 649 Meeting St 90 America St Sallie married male 1900 railway conductor Kirkland James F Southern Railway 44 Line St 63 Bogard St Margaret married male 200 1900 railway conductor Lamb Capers J Street Railway 649 Meeting St 86 Mary St single male 1900 railway conductor Lanneau Aleck C Plant System 525 East Bay St 34 Coming St Alice married male 1900 railway conductor Larisey William P Plant System 525 East Bay St 29 Alexander St single male 1900 railway conductor Lesemann John D Southern Railway 44 Line St 75 Society St Ida married male 1900 railway conductor Livingston Hampton K Street Railway 649 Meeting St 183 Spring St Mattie married male 1900 railway conductor Lynch Charles K Southern Railway 44 Line St 76 Society St single male 1900 railway conductor Mack John W Southern Railway 44 Line St 66 Amherst St Jane married male 1900 railway conductor Matheney SE Street Railway 649 Meeting St 186 St Philip St single male 1900 railway conductor Mather Robert EL Plant System 525 East Bay St 26 Elizabeth St Bena married male 1900 railway conductor Mathewes J Raven Plant System 525 East Bay St 57 Radcliffe St Rembert married male 1900 railway conductor Mathewes Alexander H Plant System 525 East Bay St 55 Radcliffe St single male 1900 railway conductor Mazyck John M Street Railway 649 Meeting St 472 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Mazyck Edward P Street Railway 649 Meeting St 624.5 Rutledge ave single male 1900 railway conductor McCutcheon Ladson B Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 139 Calhoun St single male 1900 railway conductor McDuffie Milton Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 14 Elizabeth St single male 1900 railway conductor Morrison Mark J Southern Railway 44 Line St 62 Line St single male 1900 railway conductor Moseley John S Street Railway 649 Meeting St 8 Hampton Ct Daisy married male 1900 railway conductor Mosimann James Street Railway 649 Meeting St 43 Shepard St Delia married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 railway conductor Nehemias Jacob Street Railway 649 Meeting St 367 King St single male 1900 railway conductor Ogier Thomas L Plant System 525 East Bay St 28.5 Alexander St Alice R married male 1900 railway conductor Oglesby John T Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 15 Alexander St Cora married male 1900 railway conductor Palmer Joseph Plant System 525 East Bay St 16 Charlotte St single male 1900 railway conductor Passailaigue John C Plant System 525 East Bay St 24 Blake St Minnie married male 1900 railway conductor Pertusio Angelo Street Railway 649 Meeting St 34 Anson St Ida A married male 1900 railway conductor Phillips Julian W Street Railway 649 Meeting St 30 Coming St single male 1900 railway conductor Porter Edward Street Railway 649 Meeting St 465 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Powers Robert K Southern Railway 44 Line St 472 King St single male 1900 railway conductor Prentiss Leighton Street Railway 649 Meeting St 366 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Pugh James D Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 80 Society St Lois married male 1900 railway conductor Rhettman William Southern Railway 44 Line St 23 Cannon St Sarah married male 1900 railway conductor Richardson John M Street Railway 649 Meeting St 186 St Philip St single male 1900 railway conductor Richter Rudolph Jr Street Railway 649 Meeting St 128.5 Line St single male 1900 railway conductor Riggs Cornelius T Street Railway 649 Meeting St 112 Nassau St Maggie married male 201 1900 railway conductor Rumph John P Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 68.5 Amherst St single male 1900 railway conductor Ryan Francis J Street Railway 649 Meeting St 12 Middle St single male 1900 railway conductor Ryan William Street Railway 649 Meeting St 12 Middle St single male 1900 railway conductor Sellers Francis B Plant System 525 East Bay St 91 Drake St Attelia married male 1900 railway conductor Seyle William E Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 86 Drake St Julia married male 1900 railway conductor Slawson Stockton K Plant System 525 East Bay St 26 Alexander St Addie married male 1900 railway conductor Speissegger Charles A Southern Railway 44 Line St 21 Montagu St Margaret married male 1900 railway conductor Staley Wellington A Southern Railway 44 Line St 436 Meeting St Annie T married male 1900 railway conductor Stelling Ebie F Southern Railway 44 Line St 466 Meeting St Mary married male 1900 railway conductor Stevens Warren A Street Railway 649 Meeting St 80 Lee St Belle married male 1900 railway conductor Sullivan William F Plant System 525 East Bay St 62 Columbus St Mary married male 1900 railway conductor Symmes Lee E Plant System 525 East Bay St 135 Coming St single male 1900 railway conductor Tilghman Charles C Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 36 Hasell St Susie married male 1900 railway conductor Vinson Robert B Street Railway 649 Meeting St 499 Meeting St single male 1900 railway conductor Wan Delkin J Henry Southern Railway 44 Line St 128 St Philip St Margaret married male 1900 railway conductor Webb William G Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 215 St Philip St Ida married male 1900 railway conductor Webb George W Street Railway 649 Meeting St 49 Reid St Vermelle married male 1900 railway conductor Wells Henry A Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 237 Meeting St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1900 railway conductor Weston Joseph A Atlantic Coast Line 549 East Bay St 14 Elizabeth St single male 1900 railway conductor Wilson Charles R Plant System 525 East Bay St 4 Ashmead Place Lillie married male 1900 railway conductor Zipperer Eugene O Plant System 525 East Bay St 6 Amherst St single male 202 Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title proprietor Fair Cash + Credit S Banov 1910 dry goods House + clothing Banov Samuel 595 King St 595 King St Ray married male 595-597 King St (retail) + pawn
broker APPENDIX D : 1 910 Charleston City Directory Sample Data 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Baron Mrs Annie 585 King St 585 King St married female dry goods 1910 dry goods Basha Faris N 532 King St 532 King St Mary married male (retail) owner: dry Basha Bros 1910 dry goods goods, etc Basha James 118 Market St 118 Market St single male 118-122 Market St (retail) owner: dry Basha Bros 1910 dry goods goods, etc Basha John 118 Market St 118 Market St single male 118-122 Market St (retail) clothing, etc 1910 dry goods Berlinsky Henry 114-116 King St 114 King St 120 King St Lillian married male (retail) dry goods 1910 dry goods Bernstein Walter J 489 King St 27 Vanderhorst St single male (retail)
203 dry goods 547 King St (+ 1910 dry goods Birlant Mrs Dora 547 King St 516 King St married female (retail) millinery 516 King St) owner: clothing 1910 dry goods Bluestein Joseph Bluestein Bros 494 King St 12 Morris St Bessie married male (retail) owner: clothing 1910 dry goods Bluestein Hyman Bluestein Bros 494 King St 24 Morris St Freda married male (retail) owner: clothing, 1910 dry goods Bluestein Moses L & M Bluestein 485 King St 482 King St Kate married male etc (retail) owner: clothing, 1910 dry goods Bluestein Lazarus L & M Bluestein 485 King St 485 King St Bessie married male etc (retail) clothing, etc 1910 dry goods Brilles Solomon 329 King St 329 King St Sarah married male (retail) owner: clothing, hats + men's 1910 dry goods Brown Zach S Brown Sons 354 King St 159 Calhoun St Jennie married male furnishings (retail) clothing, hats + H Brown men's 1910 dry goods Brown Henry 222-224 King St + 222 King St 214 King St single male furnishings 146 Market St (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: clothing, hats + men's 1910 dry goods Brown Elias S Brown Sons 354 King St 159 Calhoun St single male furnishings (retail) owner: house furnishing goods, furniture, Buell & Roberts at carpet, matting, 1910 dry goods Buell George B 573-575 King St; 575 King St 255 Rutledge ave Martha G married male etc; dry goods, Hacker Mnfg Co millinery, etc (retail); president fancy goods (in business 1910 dry goods directory) + Cade Miss Mary A Miss MA Cade 258 King St 258 King St single female millinery (in white directory) clothing, etc 1910 dry goods Cohen Marion 155 King St 155 King St Gertrude married male (retail)
204 clothing, etc 1910 dry goods Cohen Harris W 193 Meeting St 47 George St Gertie married male (wholesale) dry goods + 1910 dry goods Cohen Levy L Cohen & Co 556 King St 556 King St Lena married male millinery (retail) owner; president + Louis Cohen & Co 1910 dry goods treasurer: Cohen William B 232-234 King St + 232 King St 128 Wentworth St Sarah married male department 203 Meeting St store owner: skirt 1910 dry goods Cohen Aruther AD Kaufman & Cohen 58 St Philip St 30 St Philip St Eva married male manufacturers dry goods, JF Condon 1910 dry goods shoes, etc Condon James F 435 King St 435 King St Mary A married male 433-437 King St (retail) clothing (retail); secretary + 1910 dry goods treasurer; Cook Warren S WS Cook Co 87 Society St 75 Society St Eulalia married male installment goods owner: dry 1910 dry goods Cullinane Miss Catherine McCarthy & Cullinane 337 King St 337 King St single female goods (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner + David Outfitting Co president: (owner + president) clothing, shoes, at 269-272 King St; hats, men's 1910 dry goods David Joshua L Dime Savings Bank 269 King St 101 Bull St single male furnishings, (president); + merchant tailors Carolina-Florida Inv + ladies' ready Co (president) to wear (retail) owner, secretary + treasurer: David Outfitting Co clothing, shoes, (owner, secretary + hats, men's treasurer) at 269-272 1910 dry goods David Montague M 269 King St 101 Bull St single male furnishings, King; Carolina-Florida merchant tailors Inv Co (secretary + + ladies' ready treasurer) to wear (retail) 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Doobrow Joseph 611 King St 611 King St Mary married male dry goods 1910 dry goods Dunn Mrs Kate 344 King St 344 King St married female (retail)
205 clothing + pawn 1910 dry goods Fechter Hvman 558 King St 558 King St Bessie married male broker (retail) 1910 dry goods clothing, etc Frank Jacob 570 King St 570 King St Bertha married male pawn broker + 1910 dry goods Fromberg H Marks 589 King St 589 King St Mollie married male clothing owner: M Furchgott & Sons 1910 dry goods department Furchgott Max 240 King St 20 Meeting St Bertha married male 240-242 King St store owner: M Furchgott & Sons 1910 dry goods department Furchgott Arthur C 240 King St 20 Meeting St single male 240-242 King St store owner: M Furchgott & Sons 1910 dry goods department Furchgott Melvin 240 King St 20 Meeting St single male 240-242 King St store dry goods 1910 dry goods Geraty Benjamin 50 King St 50 King St single male (retail) dry goods 1910 dry goods Glasser Jacob 538 King St 538 King St Etta married male (retail) 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Goldberg Harry 460 King St 460 King St Nettie married male dry goods, etc 1910 dry goods Goldberg Joseph 483 King St 483 King St Marcia married male (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title dry goods M Goldman 1910 dry goods Goldman Morris 182 King St 182 King St Rachel married male (retail) 182 + 302 King St owner: clothing 1910 dry goods Gourse George Gourse Bros 431 King St 431 King St Gertrude married male (retail) dry goods 1910 dry goods Goutevenier Mrs Leita 94 King St 94 King St married female (retail) fancy goods + 1910 dry goods Gravell Miss Margaret 318 King St 318 King St single female toilet articles fancy goods, art embroidery (in business 1910 dry goods Graver Mrs Emma H 505 King St 505 King St married male directory) + art needle work (in white directory) pawn broker, J Hepler 1910 dry goods clothing, etc Hepler Joseph 601 King St 601 King St Annie married male 601 + 605 King St (retail) M Hornik & Co
206 (owner); WL Douglas Hat Co owner: dry (secretary); goods + notions Louis Cohen & Co + clothing (secretary) at 232- (wholesale); 234 King St + 203 1910 dry goods secretary; Hornik Morris 190 Meeting St 182 Rutledge ave Rebbie married male Meeting St; secretary; vice Thompson-Miler president + Hardware Co (vice treasurer; vice President St + president treasurer); Fincken-Jordan Co (vice President) notions (in white directory) 1910 dry goods + grocer (retail) Hube Mrs Sophie 42 Anson St 42 Anson St married female (in business directory) owner: dry 1910 dry goods Iseman Isadore V JJ Strauss & Co 319 King St 86 Society St single male goods (retail) president, secretary + Hirsch-Israel Co 1910 dry goods Israel Arthur 275 King St 195 Rutledge ave Jeannette married male treasurer: 275-277 King St clothiers (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Jacobs Dry Goods proprietor: dry 1910 dry goods Jacobs Louis Store + Jacobs Shoe 502 King St 248 Rutledge ave Ethel married male goods (retail) Stores owner: clothing 1910 dry goods Janofsky Simon Lipner & Janofsky 633 King St 612 King St single male (retail) proprietor: 1910 dry goods clothing, etc Karesh Wolf M Star Bargain House 227 Meeting St 434 King St Sarah married male (wholesale) owner: skirt 1910 dry goods Kaufman Abraham Kaufman & Cohen 58 St Philip St 30 St Philip St Fannie married male manufacturers dry goods 1910 dry goods Keelan Mrs Ellen Mrs E Keelan 395 King St 395 King St married female (retail) clothing, etc 1910 dry goods Lapin Israel 131 King St 131 King St Dora married male (retail) owner: clothing 1910 dry goods Levin Alex M Levin & Son 511 King St 511 King St single male (retail) owner: clothing 1910 dry goods Levin Moses M Levin & Son 511 King St 511 King St single male (retail) 207 Oscar Levy 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Levy Oscar 513 King St 513 King St Hannah married male 513-515 King St 1910 dry goods dry goods Lewith Miss Mary 92 King St 92 King St single female 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Lichtenstein Marks 148 King St 148 King St Fannie married male owner: clothing 1910 dry goods Lipner Simon Lipner & Janofsky 633 King St 612 King St Lena married male (retail) proprietor: 1910 dry goods optician + fancy Lochrey Harry W LA Rosenthal 75 Wentworth St 75 Wentworth Elizabeth married male goods 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Lubelsky Max 543 King St 543 King St Rosa married male 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Lukashusky Larry 77 King St 77 King St Dora married male M Marks & Sons owner: 240-242 King St 1910 dry goods department Marks Isaac (department store); 240 King St 149 Rutledge ave Rosa married male store 372-378 King St (dry goods retail) M Marks & Sons owner: 240-242 King 1910 dry goods department Marks Mord (department store); 240 King St 155 Rutledge ave Henrietta married male store 372-378 King (dry goods retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title M Marks & Sons owner: 240-242 King St 1910 dry goods department Marks Joseph (department store); 240 King St 164 Rutledge ave Fannie married male store 372-378 King St (dry goods retail) M Marks & Sons owner: 240-242 King St 1910 dry goods department Marks Moses (department store); 240 King St 372 King St Yetta married male store 372-378 King St (dry goods retail) M Marks & Sons owner: 240-242 King 1910 dry goods department Marks Leopold (department store); 240 King St 372 King St single male store 372-378 King (dry goods retail) owner: dry 1910 dry goods McCarthy Mrs Margaret McCarthy & Cullinane 337 King St 337 King St married female goods (retail) dry goods, etc 1910 dry goods McDonnell William 79 King St 79 King St Mary married male (retail) 208 1910 dry goods notions (retail) McVeigh Miss Theresa 87 Calhoun St 87 Calhoun St single female dry goods 1910 dry goods Moluf Elias S 293 King St 295 King St Mary married male (retail) clothing (retail) 1910 dry goods Monash I Morris 131 Market St 131 Market St Annie married male + jeweler dry goods 1910 dry goods Moore Hiram 151 King St 151 King St Hulda married male (retail) owner: dry Myers Bros 1910 dry goods goods, etc Myers Jacob SB 637 King St 639 King St Agnes married male 635-637 King St (retail) owner: dry Myers Bros 1910 dry goods goods, etc Myers George MM Jr 637 King St 639 King St single male 635-637 King St (retail) dry goods, etc 1910 dry goods Nachman Charles H 143.5-145 King St 143.5 King St 143.5 King St Sallie married male (retail) clothing, etc 1910 dry goods Needle Jacob J Needle 512 King St 547 King St Mollie married male (retail) owner: shoes, D O'Brien & Sons 1910 dry goods hats + men's O'Brien Dennis F 379 King St 151 Calhoun St Mary married male 379-381 King St furnishings Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: shoes, D O'Brien & Sons 1910 dry goods hats + men's O'Brien John P 379 King St 254 Calhoun St Catherine married male 379-381 King St furnishings owner: shoes, D O'Brien & Sons 1910 dry goods hats + men's O'Brien Daniel 379 King St 151 Calhoun St single male 379-381 King St furnishings dry goods 1910 dry goods O'Regan Miss Ann 488 King St 488 King St single female (retail) proprietor: dry goods, notions, millinery, toys, New York Bazaar 1910 dry goods Petit Arthur W 522 King St 522 King St Mattie L married male etc; Alderman 522-524 King St City of Charleston dry goods 1910 dry goods Petro Anton 128 Market St 128 Market St single male (retail) cigars, tobacco, 1910 dry goods hats + men's Plenge Charles C 45-47 Broad St 45 Broad St 286 Meeting St single male furnishings 209 president + Kerrison Dry Goods treasurer: 1910 dry goods Poulnot E Huger Co 80 Hasell St 85 Rutledge ave Lucy C married male department 80-82 Hasell St store 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Price Abe 540 King St 612 King St single male Pringle Bros at 43-47 president + Hayne; Charleston treasurer: dry Drug Manufacturing goods + notions Co; Marshall-W 1910 dry goods Pringle Walter 43 Hayne St 24 Lamboll St Agnes B married male (wholesale); Hardware Co + president; vice Carolina Cotton Mills; president JR Read Co at 249 King owner: clothing, E Prystowsky & Sons 1910 dry goods Prystowsky Ezra 521 King St 162 St Philip St Mollie married male etc 521-525 King St owner: clothing, E Prystowsky & Sons 1910 dry goods Prystowsky Jacob 521 King St 162 St Philip St single male etc 521-525 King St owner: clothing, E Prystowsky & Sons 1910 dry goods Prystowsky Michael 521 King St 162 St Philip St single male etc 521-525 King St owner: clothing, E Prystowsky & Sons 1910 dry goods Prystowsky Samuel 521 King St 162 St Philip St single male etc 521-525 King St Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title secretary: dry Pringle Bros 1910 dry goods goods + notions Radcliffe George T Jr 43 Hayne St 110 Broad St Margaret married male 43-47 Hayne St (wholesale) dry goods 1910 dry goods Read Isaac 444 King St 444 King St Nettie married male (retail) president + JR Read Co; 1910 dry goods treasurer; vice Read John R Merchants Mutual 249 King St 69 Meeting St single male president Fire Insurance Co owner: clothing, 1910 dry goods Reznick Hyman Soloman & Reznick 526 King St 521 King St Rebecca married male etc (retail) owner: house furnishing goods, furniture, Buell & Roberts 1910 dry goods carpet, matting, Roberts Daniel L 575 King St 256 Rutledge ave Eva D married male 573-575 King etc; dry goods, millinery, etc (retail) dry goods 1910 dry goods Salvo James K 563 King St 563 King St Julia F married male (retail) 210 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Schraibman Aaron 567 King St 567 King St Sarah married male 1910 dry goods notions (retail) Semcke Mrs Catherine 685 King St 683 King St married female owner: dry Shahid Bros / New 1910 dry goods Shahid Abraham 236 King St 236 King St Natalie married male goods (retail) Bon Marche owner: dry Shahid Bros / New 1910 dry goods Shahid Joseph 236 King St 236 King St single male goods (retail) Bon Marche 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Sharnoff Joseph 183 King St 183 King St Ida married male dry goods 1910 dry goods Sharp Harry 135 King St 135 King St Mary married male (retail) 1910 dry goods clothing Simonhoff Harry 529 King St 70 St Philip St single male 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Sloves Nathan 467 King St 467 King St Minnie married male owner: clothing, 1910 dry goods Soloman Samuel Soloman & Reznick 526 King St 521 King St single male etc (retail) shoemaker + 1910 dry goods Tandater Abram 448 King St 446 King St Bettie married male clothing (retail) owner: clothing 1910 dry goods Turtletaub Jacob J Turtletaub & Co 455 King St 455 King St Rosalie married male (retail) dry goods, etc 1910 dry goods Vicadomini Mrs Anna 119 King St 119 King St married female (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: clothing, hats + men's Bentschner & 1910 dry goods Visanska Julius M 252 King St 12 Bull St Sarah B married male furnishings Visanska (retail) owner: clothing, men's Banov & Volaski 1910 dry goods furnishings + Volaski Joseph A 383 King St 163 Rutledge ave Agnes B married male 383-385 King St merchant tailors (retail) 1910 dry goods clothing (retail) Widelitz Jacob 482 King St 482 King St Rachel married male secretary + treasurer: 1910 dry goods clothing + dry Wilbur Thomas S TA Wilbur & Son 211 Meeting St 35 Montagu St Ella married male goods (wholesale) president: TA Wilbur & Son + clothing + dry 1910 dry goods Wilbur Theodore A Vigilant B & L 211 Meeting St 84 Pitt St single male goods Association (wholesale)
211 1910 education teacher Addison Miss Annie C Memminger School 12 St Philip St 227 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education music teacher Aichel Miss Alma C 20 New St* 20 New St single female 1910 education teacher Aimar Miss Mary I Simonton School 13 Jasper St 320 East Bay St single female 1910 education teacher Alderson Miss Alice W Bennett School 35 St Philip St 6 Bee St single female 1910 education teacher Alston Miss Mary R Bennett School 35 St Philip St 65 Vanderhorst St single female 1910 education teacher Altman Miss Annie Simonton School 13 Jasper St 61 Warren St single female 1910 education teacher Andrews J James High School 24 George St 58 Pitt St Edith married male Charleston Orphan 1910 education teacher Arnold Miss Catherine 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House Ashhurst/Ashm 1910 education music teacher Miss Virginia 7 Pitt St* 7 Pitt St single female urst art: teacher (assistant 1910 education Atkinson Miss S Glenn Ashley Hall 172 Rutledge ave 172 Rutledge ave single female principal + teacher of art) 1910 education teacher Bacot Miss Louisa de B Memminger School 12 St Philip St 22 Water St single female 1910 education professor Bacot D Huger Jr College of Charleston 66 George St 54 Church St single male Avery Normal 1910 education teacher Balderston Miss Laura 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 education teacher Ball Mrs. R Julia Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 115 Rutledge ave married female 1910 education teacher Ball Miss Julia Simonton School 13 Jasper St 71 Bull St single female Mrs/Mme B 1910 education music teacher Barbot 51 Smith St* 51 Smith St married female Hermine 1910 education teacher Bassett Miss Sallie A Crafts School 67 Legare St 32 Logan St single female 1910 education teacher Bicaise Miss Marie A Crafts School 67 Legare St 24 State St single female 1910 education teacher Blakely Miss Laura J Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 301 East Bay St single female 1910 education teacher Boinest Miss Fannie P Simonton School 13 Jasper St 41 Gadsden St single female 1910 education teacher Boinest Miss Daisy B Simonton School 13 Jasper St 8 New St single female 1910 education teacher Bolger Miss Jessie E Crafts School 67 Legare St 42 Bull St single female language: 1910 education teacher (Latin + Bonell, BA Miss Isabel C Ashley Hall 172 Rutledge ave 172 Rutledge ave single female mathematics) Confederate Home 1910 education teacher Brailsford Miss Mary W 62 Broad St 65 Vanderhorst St single female College 1910 education teacher Brandes Miss Kate H Bennett School 35 St Philip St 65 Broad St single female
212 Porter Military 1910 education professor Brown Isaac B 171 Ashley ave 171 Ashley ave Elizabeth married male Academy 1910 education teacher Brux Miss Onie L Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 12 King St single female Porter Military 1910 education professor Bull Henry D 171 Ashley ave 171 Ashley ave single male Academy 1910 education teacher Burges Miss Gertrude E Memminger School 12 St Philip St 321 East Bay St single female South Carolina 1910 education professor Busbee Lieut J Chester 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St single male Military Academy 1910 education teacher Cain R Malcolm High School 24 George St 146 Broad St single male 1910 education teacher Caldwell Miss Virginia Mitchell School 2 Perry St 96 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education teacher Cappelmann F William Jr High School 24 George St 20 Green St single male 1910 education music teacher Carew Miss Leila 81 Vanderhorst St 81 Vanderhorst St single female private school; 1910 education Carew Miss Sallie 81 Vanderhorst St 81 Vanderhorst St single female music teacher 1910 education teacher Casey Miss Elizabeth A Shaw School 22 Mary St 9 Savage St single female 1910 education teacher Chamberlain Miss Edith G Simonton School 13 Jasper St 30 Anson St single female 1910 education teacher Chamberlain Miss Willie E Shaw School 22 Mary St 30 Anson St single female 1910 education teacher Chisolm Miss Susan E Crafts School 67 Legare St 4 Legare St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Jenkins Colored 1910 education teacher Clark (c) Gertrude 20 Franklin St 17 South St unknown Orphanage language: 1910 education teacher (history Clifford, BA Miss Mae L Ashley Hall 172 Rutledge ave 172 Rutledge ave single female + English) Avery Normal 1910 education teacher Clyde (c) Florence A 125 Bull St 191 Smith St unknown Institute 1910 education music teacher Comerford Miss Mary V 283 East Bay St 283 East Bay St single female 1910 education professor Cosgrove John I College of Charleston 66 George St 32 Society St single male 1910 education teacher Crouch Miss Emeve Mitchell School 2 Perry St 20 Limehouse St single female 1910 education teacher Cruikshanks (c) Sarah Shaw School 22 Mary St 46 Pitt St unknown 1910 education teacher Cudworth Miss Anna Y Bennett School 35 St Philip St 80 Smith St single female South Carolina 1910 education professor Cummings Maj St James 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St Rosa married male Military Academy 1910 education teacher De Lesline (c) Margaret Wallingford School 400 Meeting St 158 St Philip St unknown language: Della Torre, 1910 education professor (Latin Thomas College of Charleston 66 George St 16 Church St single male
213 PhD, MA + Greek) 1910 education music teacher Devineau Miss M Octavie 93 St Philip St 93 St Philip St single female 1910 education teacher Devineau Miss A Elise Shaw School 22 Mary St 93 St Philip St single female Miss Euphrosine 1910 education teacher Dixon Shaw School 22 Mary St 900 King St single female A 1910 education music teacher Douglas Miss Virginia 101 Church St 101 Church St single female teacher 1910 education (preparatory Dunbar Miss Anna A Ashley Hall 172 Rutledge ave 172 Rutledge ave single female department) 1910 education music teacher Durant Miss Clyde 8 Green St 8 Green St single female 1910 education teacher Eason Miss Ethel D Simonton School 13 Jasper St 83 Pitt St single female Porter Military 1910 education professor Edison Charles G 171 Ashley ave 171 Ashley ave single male Academy Charleston Orphan 1910 education teacher Eiserhardt Miss Osalien 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House 1910 education owner Fabian Miss Dena Misses Fabian 88 Broad St 88 Broad St single female 1910 education owner Fabian Miss Florida Misses Fabian 88 Broad St 88 Broad St single female Confederate Home 1910 education teacher Fery Miss Lucy L 62 Broad St 62 Broad St single female College Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 education teacher Flynn Miss Mary F Crafts School 67 Legare St 43 Society St single female 1910 education music teacher Follin Miss Amina M 9 College St 9 College St single female Confederate Home 1910 education teacher Foster Miss Harriet 62 Broad St 26 Lamboll St single female College 1910 education teacher Froneberger Miss Lizzie C Crafts School 67 Legare St 42 Savage St single female 1910 education teacher Frost Miss Mary P Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 4 Logan St single female 1910 education private school Gaud William E 29 Legare St 29 Legare St Isabel married male 1910 education music teacher Getty Miss Irene 186 Rutledge ave 186 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education teacher Getty Miss Carrie M Simonton School 13 Jasper St 44 Chapel St single female Misses Gibbes School, 1910 education owner Gibbes Miss Emma S 38 Coming St 38 Coming St single female The Misses Gibbes School, 1910 education owner Gibbes Miss Sarah P 38 Coming St 38 Coming St single female The 1910 education teacher Gibbes Miss Maria H Memminger School 12 St Philip St 38 Coming St single female 1910 education teacher Girard Miss Carrie A Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 88 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education teacher Glasser Miss Miriam Shaw School 22 Mary St 538 King St single female 214 1910 education teacher Graeser Clarence A High School 24 George St 161 Broad St Jeanne married male 1910 education teacher Graham Miss Marie T Shaw School 22 Mary St 76 Queen St single female 1910 education teacher Graham Miss Mary L Shaw School 22 Mary St 76 Queen St single female 1910 education teacher Graham Miss Annie Simonton School 13 Jasper St 76 Queen St single female 1910 education teacher Graham Miss Emma Memminger School 12 St Philip St 76 Queen St single female 1910 education teacher Graham Miss Gertrude Crafts School 67 Legare St 76 Queen St single female 1910 education teacher Graham Miss Ruth Bennett School 35 St Philip St 76 Queen St single female 1910 education teacher Gready Miss Georgia L Bennett School 35 St Philip St 231 Calhoun St single female 1910 education teacher Greer Miss Elise C Bennett School 35 St Philip St 84 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education teacher Grimball Miss Beulah M Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 73.5 Coming St single female 1910 education teacher Grimke Miss Anna C Shaw School 22 Mary St 50 Laurens St single female 1910 education teacher Grimke Miss Henrietta Shaw School 22 Mary St 50 Laurens St single female South Carolina 1910 education professor Hair Lieut Clifton L 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St single male Military Academy 1910 education teacher Halsey Miss Estelle A Simonton School 13 Jasper St 113 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education teacher Hamett Mrs Anna W Memminger School 12 St Philip St 900 King St married female Charleston Orphan 1910 education teacher Hamlin Miss Mary E 160 Calhoun St 65 Ashley ave single female House Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title Stokes Business 1910 education teacher Hammond Miss Carrie V 272 Meeting St 24 Mary St single female College 1910 education music teacher Hanley Miss Mae M 12 Cannon St* 12 Cannon St single female 1910 education teacher Hanley Miss Kate F Mitchell School 2 Perry St 127 Cannon St single female language: 1910 education English, Harris, PhD Lancelot M College of Charleston 66 George St 4 Legare St single male professor Confederate Home 1910 education teacher Hayne Miss Elise F 62 Broad St 26 New St single female College South Carolina 1910 education professor Hildebrandt Capt Louis F 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St Lillian married male Military Academy South Carolina 1910 education professor Hodges Capt Austin L 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St Ida married male Military Academy 1910 education teacher Hollings Miss Estelle Mitchell School 2 Perry St 270 Rutledge ave single female Charleston Industrial 1910 education teacher Hollings (c) Edyth V Institute at 109 23 Kracke St 255 Ashley ave unknown Bogard St
215 Charleston Free 1910 education teacher Holt Miss Verna 135 Church St 134 Broad St single female Kindergarten owner: 1910 education Hughes Miss Mary T school of stenography 222 King St 498 King St single female stenography Confederate Home 1910 education teacher Hyams Miss Isabel E 62 Broad St 31 Coming St single female College 1910 education music teacher Jaques Miss Alma E 61 Society St* 61 Society St single female 1910 education music teacher Jatho Mrs Jennie 55 Wentworth St* 55 Wentworth St married female owner / 1910 education Jervey Miss Janie E school of stenography 85 Queen St 85 Queen St single female stenography Confederate Home 1910 education teacher Jervey Miss Henrietta P 62 Broad St 6 Legare St single female College 1910 education teacher Jervey Miss Ellen M Bennett School 35 St Philip St 79 George St single female Avery Normal 1910 education teacher Jervey (c) Beulah C 125 Bull St 9.5 Felix St unknown Institute 1910 education teacher Jordan Miss Maggie Bennett School 35 St Philip St 125 Queen St single female 1910 education music teacher Kannapaux Miss M Carrie 108 Queen St* 108 Queen St single female 1910 education private school Kelly Miss Laura WJ 74 George St 74 George St single female 1910 education teacher Kennedy Miss Emma T Crafts School 67 Legare St 170 Queen St single female 1910 education teacher Kennedy Miss Isabel M Crafts School 67 Legare St 170 Queen St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 education teacher Kennedy Miss Effie G Simonton School 13 Jasper St 43 Cannon St single female Charleston Orphan 1910 education teacher King Miss Ellen 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House 1910 education teacher King Miss Mattie A Simonton School 13 Jasper St 54 Vanderhorst St single female 1910 education teacher Kinsey Miss Louise Bennett School 35 St Philip St 22 Pitt St single female 1910 education music teacher Knobeloch Miss Elsie 407 King St* 407 King St single female South Carolina 1910 education professor Knox Capt Louis 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St Eva married male Military Academy 1910 education teacher Koester Miss Ella M Mitchell School 2 Perry St 255 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education teacher La Coste Miss Sadie E Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 53 Rutledge ave single female Charleston Orphan 1910 education teacher Le Queux Miss Mary L 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House South Carolina 1910 education professor Le Tellier Capt Louis C 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St single male Military Academy 1910 education teacher Legare Miss C Pickens Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 31 Gadsden St single female South Carolina 1910 education professor Link Lieut Francis L 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St single male
216 Military Academy Stokes Business 1910 education teacher Loadholt John N 272 Meeting St 425 King St single male College Avery Normal 1910 education teacher Lohniss Miss Sarah 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute 1910 education teacher Lucas Miss Kate A Simonton School 13 Jasper St 5 Sires St single female 1910 education teacher Mackenzie Miss Elizabeth G Simonton School 13 Jasper St 2 Vanderhorst St single female 1910 education teacher Macmillan Miss Mattie P Mitchell School 2 Perry St 25 Fishburne St single female 1910 education music teacher Mahoney Miss Nellie T 34 Spring St* 34 Spring St single female Avery Normal 1910 education teacher Marsh Miss Mattie M 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute 1910 education teacher Marshall Miss Caroline A Memminger School 12 St Philip St 8 King St single female Porter Military 1910 education teacher Martin Miss Mary G 171 Ashley ave 171 Ashley ave single female Academy Confederate Home 1910 education teacher Mazyck Miss Margaret K 62 Broad St 138 Tradd St single female College Confederate Home 1910 education teacher Mazyck Miss Susanna K 62 Broad St 138 Tradd St single female College 1910 education teacher McCarthy Miss Helen Mitchell School 2 Perry St 39 President St single female 1910 education teacher McCormick Miss Janie M Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 62 Cannon St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 education private school McGee Miss Mary C 24 Bull St 152 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education teacher McGee Miss Hariotte W Mitchell School 2 Perry St 152 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education teacher McIndoe Miss Agnes Simonton School 13 Jasper St 160 Smith St single female 1910 education teacher McIndoe Miss Helena Simonton School 13 Jasper St 160 Smith St single female 1910 education teacher McInerney Miss Cecelia Simonton School 13 Jasper St 463 Meeting St single female 1910 education teacher McManus Miss Nellie A Simonton School 13 Jasper St 79 Society St single female Charleston Orphan 1910 education teacher McNeill Miss Mary A 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St single female House 1910 education teacher Meacher Miss Emily C Mitchell School 2 Perry St 3 Park St single female 1910 education teacher Meacher Miss Florilla A Mitchell School 2 Perry St 3 Park St single female 1910 education teacher Meggett Miss Bessie C Simonton School 13 Jasper St 242 Calhoun St single female other: elocution 1910 education Memminger Mrs Ella Ashley Hall 172 Rutledge ave 217 Ashley ave married female teacher 1910 education music teacher Metz Miss Ernsteine 1 Montagu St* 1 Montagu St single female South Carolina 1910 education professor Moore Capt John W 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St Lucy married male Military Academy 217 1910 education music teacher Moore (c) John D 10 Felix St* 10 Felix St single male Avery Normal 1910 education teacher Morrison (c) Constance W 125 Bull St 177 Coming St unknown Institute 1910 education teacher Morse Miss Sophie Mitchell School 2 Perry St 15 Savage St single female 1910 education teacher Morse Miss Edna N Simonton School 13 Jasper St 322 East Bay St single female 1910 education teacher Mosimann Thomas F High School 24 George St 55 Calhoun St single male 1910 education teacher Muckenfuss Miss Annie A Bennett School 35 St Philip St 23 Doughty St single female 1910 education teacher Muller Frederick S High School 24 George St 87 Church St Martha married male 1910 education teacher Murphy Miss Mary G Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 82 Smith St single female 1910 education teacher Mustard Miss Minnie C Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 308 Meeting St single female 1910 education music teacher Myatt Miss Gertrude C 18 State St* 18 State St single female 1910 education kindergarten Nathan Miss Coralie 52 St Philip St 56 St Philip St single female 1910 education music teacher Nathan Miss Corinne 270 King St 131 Broad St single female 1910 education teacher O'Driscoll Miss E Barry Bennett School 35 St Philip St 22 Church St single female 1910 education teacher O'Hear Miss Fannie A Mitchell School 2 Perry St 140 Broad St single female 1910 education teacher Olney Miss Lottie L Mitchell School 2 Perry St 225 Rutledge ave single female 1910 education teacher Palmer Miss Alice A Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 102 Tradd St single female 1910 education music teacher Parker (c) James D 28 Morris St 26 Morris St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title professor: 1910 education chemistry + Parker, Jr, PhD Dr Francis L Jr College of Charleston 66 George St 128 Tradd St single male physics 1910 education teacher Pollitzer Miss Mabel L Memminger School 12 St Philip St 5 Pitt St single female 1910 education teacher Pringle Miss Edyth M Mitchell School 2 Perry St 46 Society St single female 1910 education teacher Pundt Miss Eleanor A Mitchell School 2 Perry St 190 Spring St single female 1910 education teacher Quigley Miss Janie J Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 332 East Bay St single female music: professor 1910 education Ransome Edward A College of Charleston 66 George St 45 Bull St Martha married male of music 1910 education teacher Raoul Miss Julia Crafts School 67 Legare St 4 Franklin St single female professor, biology + geology; 1910 education Rea Paul M College of Charleston 66 George St 2 Ashmead Pl Carolyn married male director + curator of museum Charleston Orphan 1910 education teacher Reilly Mrs Amelia L 160 Calhoun St 160 Calhoun St married female House 218 1910 education teacher Richardson Miss Claire Memminger School 12 St Philip St 205 Broad St single female 1910 education teacher Robinson (c) Carrie Wallingford School 400 Meeting St 59 Alexander St unknown Jenkins Colored 1910 education teacher Robinson (c) Marrie L 20 Franklin St 88 Cannon St unknown Orphanage 1910 education teacher Saint Amand Miss Zoe L Crafts School 67 Legare St 42 Wentworth St single female 1910 education music teacher Sanders Miss Mary A 149 East Bay St* 149 East Bay St single female Misses Sass School, 1910 education owner / teacher Sass Miss Jane D 23 Legare St 23 Legare St single female The 1910 education teacher Schirmer Miss Emmalou Mitchell School 2 Perry St 10 Green St single female 1910 education music teacher Schmetzer Miss Alma 18 Chapel St* 18 Chapel St single female 1910 education teacher Seabrook Mrs Martha S Shaw School 22 Mary St 41 Mary St married female Avery Normal 1910 education teacher Seward Miss Fannie L 125 Bull St 125 Bull St single female Institute 1910 education music teacher Shaffer Miss Mary E 278 Meeting St* 278 Meeting St single female Jenkins Colored 1910 education teacher Short (c) Etta 20 Franklin St 6 Vernon St unknown Orphanage 1910 education teacher Simonhoff Miss Fannie Shaw School 22 Mary St 70 St Philip St single female 1910 education teacher Simons Miss Henrietta Memminger School 12 St Philip St 50 Rutledge ave single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 education teacher Sinkler Miss Meta H Bennett School 35 St Philip St 17 Limehouse St single female 1910 education teacher Small Miss Rachel M Memminger School 12 St Philip St 16 Rutledge ave single female music teacher (business) / Miss Caroline 1910 education Smith 34 Chalmers St 69 Church St single female music studio RH (white) 1910 education teacher Smith Miss E Amelia Simonton School 13 Jasper St 261 Calhoun St single female 1910 education teacher Smith Miss Carrie J Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 8 Montagu St single female music teacher (business) / 1910 education Sonnakolb Franklin S 166 Wentworth St 166 Wentworth St Houston married male professor of music (white) 1910 education music teacher Speissegger Arthur C Jr 90 Church St* 90 Church St single male professor: history 1910 education (business); Stephenson Nathaniel W College of Charleston 66 George St 11 Church St Mattie married male professor (white) 219 professor: Stevens, AM Avery Normal 1910 education principal; Elbert M 125 Bull St 125 Bull St Mabel married male (Yale) Institute professor Charleston Free 1910 education teacher Stroman Miss Bessie 135 Church St 10 Atlantic St single female Kindergarten 1910 education teacher Sweegan Miss Mary A Crafts School 67 Legare St 63 Smith St single female 1910 education teacher Taylor Miss Eliza H Mitchell School 2 Perry St 31 Smith St single female 1910 education teacher Taylor Miss Mary Memminger School 12 St Philip St 31 Smith St single female South Carolina 1910 education professor Thomas Major Robert G 337 Meeting St 337 Meeting St Elizabeth married male Military Academy Porter Military 1910 education professor Towles Eugene S 171 Ashley ave 171 Ashley ave single male Academy 1910 education teacher Townsend Miss Sadie B Shaw School 22 Mary St 52 Church St single female language: Miss/Mlle 1910 education Viett Ashley Hall 172 Rutledge ave 186 Rutledge ave single female teacher, French Jeanne MT 1910 education teacher Wagner Miss Sadye B Bennett School 35 St Philip St 183 Queen St single female 1910 education teacher Walker Miss Harriet P Shaw School 22 Mary St 2 Franklin St single female professor: 1910 education Walker Henry F College of Charleston 66 George St 12 Church St single male engineering 1910 education teacher Wall Miss Cecelia J Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 90 Broad St single female Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 education teacher Warren Miss Elsie Memminger School 12 St Philip St 209 Ashley ave single female 1910 education teacher Webb Miss Virginia JS Simonton School 13 Jasper St 76 Warren St single female 1910 education teacher Whitmarsh Miss Elizabeth Memminger School 12 St Philip St 209 Ashley ave single female music teacher + 1910 education Wichmann G Theodore 68.5 Queen St* 68.5 Queen St single male musician Porter Military 1910 education professor Wilkins Harry R 171 Ashley ave 171 Ashley ave single male Academy 1910 education teacher Williams Miss Rosalind Crafts School 67 Legare St 36 George St single female music: associate Royal College of 1910 education Wyatt Eugene Ashley Hall 172 Rutledge ave 129 Rutledge ave single male England, music professor 1910 education teacher Wyld Miss Joanna P Courtenay School 382 Meeting St 425 Meeting St single female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Abrams Gerhard 32 Calhoun St 32 Calhoun St Adelheid married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Addison Joseph M Jr 81 Columbus St 51 America St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Albenesius Edward E Albenesius 95 Calhoun St 95 Calhoun St Emma married male
220 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Albenesius Paul B PB Albenesius 14 Franklin St 14 Franklin St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Albers Mrs MM Adeline 73 Nassau St 29 Bogard St married female C Henry 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Albers 96-98 Columbus St 96 Columbus St 96 Columbus St single male
1910 groceries grocer (retail) Arledge Joseph M 186 Spring St 186 Spring St Fraces married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Balzano Peter 1 Counsil St 1 Counsil St Nunzia married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Barshay Manuel 156 Coming St 156 Coming St Etta married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Beaudrot Joseph L 44 Cooper St 44 Cooper St Molly married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Behlmer Mrs Catherine F 30 Magazine St 30 Magazine St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Behlmer Fred CW 170 Ashley ave 170 Ashley ave Annie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Behlmer Henry C 43 Calhoun St 43 Calhoun St Sophie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Behrens William H WH Behrens 490 Meeting St 492 Meeting St Mary married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Bello Mrs Tena 76 Calhoun St 76 Calhoun St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Blanken Claus H 71 Washington St 71 Washington St Wilhelmina married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Boette August CH 176 Line St 176 Line St Mary married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Boette Chas 27 Chapel St 27 Chapel St Augusta married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Bohlen Fred 1 Coming St 1 Coming St Emma married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Bosch J Fred 58 Calhoun St 58 Calhoun St Margaret married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Brandt William JH 62 Drake St 62 Drake St Sophie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Brooks (c) Ceaser 280 Ashley ave 280 Ashley ave Portia married male Eleanor Cook 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Brown (c) Isaac H 12 State St 12 State St Alice married male Tenement circa 1820 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Bruns Harry R 60 Calhoun St 60 Calhoun St single male owner: grocers (retail) + 1910 groceries Buck Henry WH H Buck & Son 114 Cannon St 221 Ashley ave Christina married male alderman of City of Charleston 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Buero Angelo J 12 Line St 12 Line St Ella married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Buero George F 733 King St 733 King St Mamie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Bullwinkel Mrs Catherine Mrs C Bullwinkel 208 Rutledge ave 208 Rutledge ave married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Bullwinkel Mrs Geshce 98.5 Smith St 98.5 Smith St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Bullwinkel John H 40 Archdale St 23 Montagu St Margaret married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Burbage Charles P 334 Ashley ave 44 Fishburne St Louise married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Butt John M 113 St Philip St 113 St Philip St Christine married male
221 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Casey (c) Flanders T 23 Huger St 23 Huger St Mary married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Castens Christopher H 524 Meeting St 524.5 Meeting St Florence married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Chase Mrs Anna S 80 Ashley ave 80 Ashley ave married female 1910 groceries grocer Chicco Vincent 83 Market St 83.5 Market St Mary married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Collins (c) Casey 9 Calhoun St 9 Calhoun St Nellie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Cox William B 39 Cooper St 39 Cooper St Alma married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Crosby (c) John H 144 St Philip St 144 St Philip St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Daggett Isaac H 9 Anson St 9 Anson St married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Dannhauer Carl 98 Anson St 98 Anson St Sarah married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Darby (c) Francis 111 Line St 111 Line St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Davis (c) Silis S 41 Calhoun St 41 Calhoun St Anna married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Doscher Mrs Lena N of Line 1 Ashe St 1 Ashe St married female 1910 groceries grocer Doscher August A Doscher 171 Spring St 165 Spring St Matilda married male AF Doscher: 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Doscher A Fred 105 Broad St 105 Broad St Matilda married male 105-107 Broad St 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Doty Leonard S 43 Cannon St 43 Cannon St Gertrude D married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Dowling Thomas M 78 Anson St 300 King St Annie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Drews Hermann H Drews 22 Inspection St 22 Inspection St Emma married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Drews J Henry C JHC Drews 230 Ashley ave 230 Ashley ave Augusta married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Dreyer Mrs Anna RS 81 Cannon St 81 Cannon St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Dunne Patrick J 48 Mary St 48 Mary St Kate married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Dunnemann August 12 Cumberland St 5 Lingard St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Edwards (c) Benjamin B 251 Ashley ave 251 Ashley ave Mary married male owner: grocers 1910 groceries Ehlers Mrs L J Ehlers & Co 117 Nassau St 117 Nassau St married female (retail) president: 1910 groceries Eickmeyer Henry Henry Eickmeyer Co 169 Tradd St 53 Cannon St Rebecca married male grocers (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Eickmeyer William William Eickmeyer 620 Meeting St 620 Meeting St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Epstein Jacob 34 America St 32.5 South St Paula married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Epstein Jacob 36 Queen St 36 Queen St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Evans John W 751 Meeting St 751 Meeting St Ada married male owner: grocers 1910 groceries Faber (c) Samuel F SF Faber & Co 24 Inspection St 101 St Philip St single male (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Fabris Mrs Hattie 669 King St 669 King St married female 222 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Feldman Mrs Fannie 228 Spring St 228 Spring St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Fernan George T 62 America St 62 America St Sophie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Ferri Frank 146 Tradd St 146 Tradd St Julia married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Fischer Heinrich A 124 Coming St 124 Coming St Caroline married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Fishbeck Henry 46 President St 46 President St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Gabrini Natale 47 Market St 47 Market St Antoinette married male 1910 groceries grocer Gaillard (c) William 44.5 Society St 41.5 Wall St Rosa married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Gandy Archie H 470 Meeting St 470 Meeting St Neressa married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Gardner Jesse B 6 Fishburne St 6 Fishburne St Carrie F married male owner: grocers 1910 groceries Gerard Martin F C Muller & Co 328 King St 69 King St Carrie married male (retail) owner: grocers 1910 groceries Glover (c) Antone J SF Faber & Co 24 Inspection St 24 Inspection St single male (retail) AH Gorse; 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Gorse August H 689 Meeting St 689 Meeting St Minna married male Meeting cor Romney vice president: 1910 groceries Gotjen Mrs Meta John H Gotjen Co 220 King St 220 King St married female grocers (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title president + 1910 groceries treasurer: Gotjen John H John H Gotjen Co 220 King St 23 Logan St Talulah married male grocers (retail) FC Gratzick; 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Gratzick Frank C 1093 King St 1093 King St Annie married male King cor Simons 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Gratzick Joseph J Gratzick 28 Congress St 28 Congress St Mary married male JJ Gratzick; 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Gratzick John J 125 Calhoun St 125 Calhoun St single male Meeting cor/at Limits 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Green Lawrence L 46 Chapel St 46 Chapel St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hackemann Louis F 182 Coming St 182 Coming St Annie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hackemann HG Chris 185 King St 185 King St Edith married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hall William S 99 Nassau St 99 Nassau St Laura married male CL Kornahrens secretary; 1910 groceries Harken Henry D Bottling Works; HD 700 King St 700 King St Minnie married male grocer (retail) Harken (grocer) treasurer; Atlantic Paint Co; HO 1910 groceries Hasselmeyer Henry O 54 Market St 54 Market St Marie married male grocer (retail) Hasselmeyer 223 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Healy Mrs Ann 229 St Philip St 9 Bogard St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Heidtmann Ernst H 94 Spring St 94 Spring St Engelina married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Heinsohn Eggert E Heinsohn 129 Broad St 129 Broad St Annie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Heinsohn Claus J 309 East Bay St 309 East Bay St Emma married male owner: grocer 1910 groceries Hencken Diedrich John Meyer & Co 267 Rutledge ave 265 Rutledge ave Meta married male (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hencken Charles F 540 Meeting St 540 Meeting St single male owner: grocers 1910 groceries Hennemann Charles Jr J Ehlers & Co 117 Nassau St 117 Nassau St single male (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Henrics John C 97 East Bay St 97 East Bay St Bertha married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hentze Albert W AW Hentze 53 Bogard St 53 Bogard St Matilda married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hesencamp William CF 102 Church St 102 Church St Louisa C married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hesse Christian H CH Hesse 162 Wentworth St 162 Wentworth St Julia married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hesse John H 2 Montagu St 2 Montagu St Helena married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Heymann Isaac King cor Poinsett 1054 King St 1054 King St single male grocer (retail) + 1910 groceries Hilton Washington J WJ Hilton 649 King St 649 King St Mary married male meat market Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: wholesale S Hirschmann & Son 1910 groceries grocers + Hirschmann Henry 168 East Bay St 55 George St Rosa married male 168-170 East Bay St commission merchants owner: wholesale S Hirschmann & Son 1910 groceries grocers + Hirschmann Soloman 168 East Bay St 8 Liberty St Frances married male 168-170 East Bay St commission merchants 1910 groceries grocer Hockmeyer George L 333 Rutledge ave 333 Rutledge ave Emma married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hoffmann William T 60 Morris St 60 Morris St Annie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Holling Martin D (N) 92 Alexander St 92 Alexander St Meta married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Holmes (c) Daniel 168 Tradd St 168 Tradd St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Holmes (c) William M 44 Anson St 44 Anson St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Holst Henry 34 Calhoun St 34 Calhoun St Annie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hopke Rudolph R Hopke 45 Hasell St 45 Hasell St Wilhelmina married male
224 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hopke Rudolph Jr (N) 68 Alexander St 68 Alexander St Sarah married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Hottinger C Fritz 485 Meeting St 485 Meeting St Adella married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Jantzen CE John 3 Minority St 3 Minority St Annie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Jantzen William F 126 Church St 126 Church St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Johanns J Fred 182 Coming St 251 East Bay St Meta M married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Johnson Charles A 14 Amherst St 14 Amherst St Margaret married male 1910 groceries grocer Johnson (c) James 100 Columbus St 41 Aiken St Emma married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Jones Otto G 54 Warren St 54 Warren St P Martha married male secretary: Fincken-Jordan Co 1910 groceries grocers Jordan William F 195 East Bay St 151 Rutledge ave Anna L married male 195-199 East Bay St (wholesale) 1910 groceries grocer Jung Peter 60 Bull St 60 Bull St Josephine married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Kangeter Henry 246 Rutledge ave 246 Rutledge ave Lena C married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Klaren George H 2 New St 7 New St Alvina married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Klenke C Fred 429 King St 429 King St Gesine married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Klenke John John Klenke 46 Coming 46 Coming St Gertrude married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title president + The Klinck & manager: fancy 1910 groceries Klinck Gustavus W Wickenberg Co at 46- 46 Broad St 134 Broad St single male groceries 48 Broad St (retail) Knobeloch & Co 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Knobeloch John W (bakery) + JW 83 Coming St 83 Coming St Alene married male Knobeloch (grocery) clerk; grocer FC Peters; JW 1910 groceries Kornahrens John W 182 Spring St 182 Spring St Adelheid married male (retail) Kornahrens 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Kornahrens Carl L 59 Anson St 59 Anson St Annie J married male 1910 groceries grocer Kruger Fred 185 Spring St 185 Spring St Annie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Kuck John 19 Elizabeth St 19 Elizabeth St Carrie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Labouseur John L 62 St Philip St 62 St Philip St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Lewis (c) Lawrence K 20 South St 20 South St Mary married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Lilienthal John C 24 Archdale St 24 Archdale St Marguerite married male secretary + E Eickmeyer Co; JF 1910 groceries treasurer; Lilienthal John F 94 Tradd St 59 King St Adelheit married male Lilienthal 225 grocer (retail) president: 1910 groceries grocers Lucas Henry R Charleston Tea Pot 284 King St 29 Pitt St Mary J married male (wholesale) grocer 1910 groceries Luhrs Martin 225 East Bay St 225 East Bay St Wilhelmina married male (wholesale) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Mahlstedt Miss Birdie 17 Mary St 17 Mary St single female stevedore; Clyde SS Co; JG 1910 groceries Mansfield John G 132 King St 132 King St Catherine married male grocer (retail) Mansfield 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Martschink Mrs J Louisa 53 Line St 53 Line St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Martschink Henry 18 Tradd St 18 Tradd St Marie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) McCarrel Mrs Margaret (N) 92 Alexander St 92 Alexander St married female dairy; grocer Grant Park; GH 1910 groceries Mehrtens George H 56 George St 58 George St Anna married male (retail) Mehrtens 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Mehrtens John H 160 Tradd St 160 Tradd St Minna married male Mehrtens/Meht 1910 groceries grocer (retail) George 58 Meeting St 58 Meeting St Sophie married male ens 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Meier August A Meier 124 Smith St 124 Smith St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: grocer Melchers & Co; 1910 groceries (wholesale) + Melchers William T 167 East Bay St 84 East Bay St Lillie married male 167-169 East Bay St rice dealers owner: grocer Melchers & Co; 1910 groceries (wholesale) + Melchers Louis A 167 East Bay St 87 Drake St Minnie married male 167-169 East Bay St rice dealers 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Mencken Henry C 283 Rutledge ave 262 Rutledge ave single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Meyer Henry R 28 Pitt St 28 Pitt St Henrietta married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Meyer Edward A 49 Gadsden St 47 Gadsden St Gertie married male owner: grocer 1910 groceries Meyer John John Meyer & Co 267 Rutledge ave 267 Rutledge ave Annie married male (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Meyer John F 16 Atlantic St 16 Atlantic St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Miller Thomas M 182 Queen St 182 Queen St Marion married male owner, president + 1910 groceries Minnis William William Minnis Co 330 King St 117 Wentworth St Mitylene married male treasurer: grocers
226 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Mohlmann Henry GW 651 King St 651 King St Rachel married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Mohring Diedrich F 132 Spring St 132 Spring St Ernestine married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Molony Thomas 68 Reid St 68 Reid St Bridget married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Molony James 251 East Bay St 156 Church St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Moore Joseph 128 Church St 128 Church St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Moorer Pressie P King cor Cleveland 971 King St 971 King St Katie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Morgenstern Oswald H 97 America St 97 America St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Morrison (c) Robert F 177 Coming St 177 Coming St single male owner: grocers 1910 groceries Muller Christian C Muller & Co 328 King St 15 Bull single male (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Nolte JFH Chris 82 Calhoun St 82 Calhoun St Dora married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) O'Brien Jeremiah 10 Queen St 10 Queen St Elizabeth married male grocer (retail) + 1910 groceries O'Neill John PB 517-519 King St 517 King St 125 Shepard St Mabel I married male pool room owner: grocers 1910 groceries Ohlandt John F DW Ohlandt & Sons 42 Meeting St 12 Montagu St Caroline married male (retail) owner: grocers 1910 groceries Ohlandt Diedrich W Jr DW Ohlandt & Sons 42 Meeting St 42 Meeting St Leila married male (retail) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: grocers 1910 groceries Ohlandt Diedrich W DW Ohlandt & Sons 42 Meeting St 42 Meeting St single male (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Orlansky Abraham 44 Morris St 44 Morris St Christiana married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Pauls Henry 44 State St 44 State St Katrina married male owner: grocers IM Pearlstine & Sons 1910 groceries (wholesale) + Pearlstine Hyman 201 East Bay St 249 Rutledge ave Esther married male 201-203 East Bay St grain owner: grocers IM Pearlstine & Sons 1910 groceries (wholesale) + Pearlstine Isaac M 201 East Bay St 25 George St Rebecca married male 201-203 East Bay St grain 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Peecksen H Reelf 572 King St 188 Rutledge ave Lula B married male grocer JN Peecksen 1910 groceries (wholesale + Peecksen John N 289-362-514 King St 289 King St 191 Rutledge ave Hattie L married male retail) + 224 Rutledge ave proprietor; The John Hurkamp Co grocer (retail); / FC Peters 1910 groceries Peters Fred C 314 King St 54 Chapel St single male Alderman City of 314 King St + 54 Charleston Chapel St 227 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Pettibone Harry P 73 East Bay St 73 Tradd St Jessie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Pieper J Fred 147 King St 88 Queen St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Powell (c) Scipio 212 St Philip St 5 Nunan St Mary married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Puckhaber Bernard F 19 Franklin St 19 Franklin St Lena married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Puckhaber Frederick 86 Coming St 192 Calhoun St Meta married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Quinn Timothy F 43 America St 43 America St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Rabens Henry H 60 Line St 60 Line St Mamie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Rabens Christian JF 671 King St 671 King St Eleanor married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Renken Henry K HK Renken 175 Smith St 175 Smith St Dora married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Renken Henry H Renken 458 Meeting St 458 Meeting St Adeline married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Rickels Edward H 127 Church St 127 Church St H Dora married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Rink John A 16 America St 16 America St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Rink Karl W 36 Blake St 36 Blake St single male assistant 1910 groceries engineer; grocer Roberts William CFD; William Roberts 370 Rutledge ave 370 Rutledge ave Margaret married male (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Rodemann Henry 607 King St 607 King St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Rodenberg E Adolph 617 King St 617 King St Katie married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: grocers 1910 groceries Rosebrock Ernst H H Rosebrock & Son 61 Logan St 61 Logan St Annie married male (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Rowland Martin T 50 Aiken St 50 Aiken St Edna married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Sander William A 95 Line St 95 Line St Lena married male 1910 groceries grocer Schirmer Herbert P 20 Lucas St 20 Lucas St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Schmetzer G Charles 182 Coming St 18 Chapel St Jennie married male owner: grocer 1910 groceries Schmonsees John H East Side Grocery Co 14 Reid St 14 Reid St Pauline married male (retail) owner: grocer 1910 groceries Schmonsees Louis C East Side Grocery Co 14 Reid St 14 Reid St single male (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Schroder Jacob H 42 America St 42 America St Emma married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Schultz Adolph H 49 Beaufain St 49 Beaufain St Jennie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Schultz Arnold L 162 Calhoun St 162 Calhoun St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Schumacher William AT 39 Washington St 39 Washington St Anna married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Schutt Albert 105 Coming St 105 Coming St Sophie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Schwartz Mrs Adeline D Mrs AD Schwartz 224 Coming St 224 Coming St married female 228 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Schwecke John H JH Schweke 9 Inspection St 9 Inspection St single male 1910 groceries grocer Seebeck Fred 107 Rutledge ave 107 Rutledge ave Annie married male owner: grocers, JHC Seebeck Sons 1910 groceries hay, + grain Seebeck Christopher W 249 St Philip St 251 St Philip St single male 249-251 St Philip St (retail) owner: grocers, JHC Seebeck Sons 1910 groceries hay, + grain Seebeck Nicholas H 249 St Philip St 251 St Philip St single male 249-251 St Philip St (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Semken Mrs Meta 24 Mazyck St 24 Mazyck St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Seres Mrs Emma E 41 Bogard St 41 Bogard St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Simmons Clifford H 746 King St 746 King St single male secretary + The Klinck & treasurer: fancy 1910 groceries Smith J Raworth Wickenberg Co at 46- 46 Broad St 24 Bull St Emma married male groceries 48 Broad St (retail) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Smith (c) Jennie M 15 Bogard St 15 Bogard St unknown Mrs R Sohl grocer (retail); 1910 groceries Sohl Mrs Rebecca 109 Drake; 84 109 Drake St 109 Drake St married female bakery America Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title grocer (retail) + D Stehmeyer 1910 groceries fruits/produce Stehmeyer Diedrich 22 St Philip St 256 Ashley ave Marie married male 22-24 St Philip St (wholesale) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Steinberg Louis 59 Coming St 19 Green St Pauline married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Steinberg Cord 82 Beaufain St 82 Beaufain St Amelia married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Stelling Mrs Catherine 32 Laurens St 32 Laurens St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Stelljes John DF Meeting cor Butler 623 Meeting St 623 Meeting St Meta married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Stramm Otto 246 St Philip St 246 St Philip St Rosa A married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Sturcken Edward F 46 Spring St 46 Spring St Carrie A married male grocer (retail) + 1910 groceries Sturm John 426 Meeting St 426 Meeting St Frances married male dairy 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Sweeney Eugene F 7 Elizabeth St 100 Anson St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Tecklenburg Henry H Tecklenburg 14 St Philip St 14 St Philip St Lottie married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Teskey Robert 301 King St 30 George St Mary married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Thiele Philip 53 Market St 53 Market St Meta married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Thiele Henry H Thiele 646 King St 646 King St single male 229 owner: grocers Otto Tiedeman Jr & 1910 groceries Tiedeman Otto Jr 191 East Bay St 63 Legare St Mary L married male (wholesale) Son president + treasurer: Tiedeman Co 1910 groceries Tiedeman John C 172 East Bay St 130 Broad St Carrie L married male grocers 172-176 East Bay St (wholesale) owner: grocers Otto Tiedeman Jr & 1910 groceries Tiedeman Robert S 191 East Bay St 63 Legare St single male (wholesale) Son 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Tiedermann Mrs Bertha 2 Woolfe St 2 Woolfe St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Tietjen H George 153 St Philip St 153 St Philip St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Timmons Warley C 354 Meeting St 5 Wall St Rosa married male owner of C Wulbern & owner: grocers Co at 171-173 E Bay 1910 groceries + provisions Tobias Ashley C 171 East Bay St 98 Rutledge ave Ella T married male St; president Royal (wholesale) Bag & Yarn Mnfg Co 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Tumpowsky David E 13 Calhoun St 59.5 Washington St Esther married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Visel Carl F 10 Laurens St 10 Laurens St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Von Glahn Nicholas 406 Rutledge ave 406 Rutledge ave Augusta married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Von Oven John J Von Oven 237 King St 82 King St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner: grocers 1910 groceries Wagener J Andreas Wagener Bros 186 East Bay St 51 Chapel St Georgena married male (wholesale) owner: grocers 1910 groceries Wagener Emil A Wagener Bros 186 East Bay St 6 Green St Lilly married male (wholesale) owner: grocers FW Wagener & Co 1910 groceries Wagener Frederick W 157 East Bay St 117 Broad St Johanna married male (wholesale), etc 157-165 East Bay St owner: grocers FW Wagener & Co 1910 groceries Wagener Frederick W Jr 157 East Bay St 179 Rutledge ave Alice W married male (wholesale), etc 157-165 East Bay St treasurer: 1910 groceries grocers Wallace James W Charleston Tea Pot 284 King St 65 Charlotte St Ella F married male (wholesale) 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Weber Henry F HF Weber 480 King St 480 King St Meta married male owner, grocers Welch & Eason 1910 groceries (wholesale + Welch Harvey S 183 Meeting St 241 Calhoun St Pauline B married male 183-187 Meeting St retail) Welch & Eason at owner, grocers 183-187 Meeting; (wholesale + Planters Fertilizer +
230 1910 groceries Welch William H 183 Meeting St 140 Rutledge ave Georgia B married male retail); Phos Co, Ingleside M president & M Co + Woodstock H & F Mfg Co 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Wellbrock John D 412 Meeting St 412 Meeting St Kate married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Wescott John L 582 King St 582 King St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) White Thomas P 737 King St 737 King St Eliza married male 1910 groceries grocer White (c) Anna 3 Morris St 144 Coming St unknown 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Wiermann Mrs Christina 19 Percy St 32 Bogard St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Wiermann J Edward F JEF Wierman 188 Spring St 188 Spring St Heniker married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Wiermann Henry N 168 Smith St 188 Spring St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Wieters Otto H 186 King St 186 King St Minnie B married male EFA Wieters; grocer 1910 groceries Wieters E Fred A 178-180-183 East Bay 178 East Bay St 34 George St Dora married male (wholesale) St 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Wille Henry L 1 Henrietta St 1 Henrietta St single male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Witt Mrs Anna A 157 Coming St 40 Radcliffe St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Witt Mrs Meta Mrs M Witt 504 Meeting St 504 Meeting St married female 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Witt Aaron F 83 Anson St 83 Anson St Margaret married male 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Wohlers Henry C 79-81 East Bay St 79 East Bay St 79 East Bay St Henrietta L married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 groceries grocer (retail) Wohlers John H 463 King St 2 Radcliffe St single male owner: grocers C Wulbern & Co 1910 groceries + provisions Wulbern Edward N 171 East Bay St 82 Rutledge ave Lillian M married male 171-173 East Bay St (wholesale) owner: grocers C Wulbern & Co at + provisions 1910 groceries Wulbern JH Carsten 171-173 East Bay St; 171 East Bay St 164 Rutledge ave Mary S married male (wholesale); Consumers Coal Co vice president 1910 law attorney at law Austin William 44 Broad St 101 Wentworth St single male owner / 1910 law Bacot Thomas W McCrady & Bacot 29 Broad St 22 Water St Louisa de B married male attorney at law Legare, Holman & owner / Baker at 39 Broad St; attorney at law; 1910 law Baker Duncan J office Fireproof 39 Broad St 156 Wentworth St single male judicial Building at 100 magistrate Meeting St 1910 law attorney at law Barnwell Nathaniel B 55 Broad St 16 King St single male 1910 law attorney at law Barnwell Joseph W 54 Broad St 48 S Bay St single male 231 owner / Miller, Whaley & 1910 law Bissell William C 35 Broad St 79 Pitt St Frances M married male attorney at law Bissell 1910 law attorney at law Blank Edwin J 39 Broad St 9 Glebe St single male 1910 law attorney at law Brown John H 39 Broad St 105 Cannon St single male owner / 1910 law Bryan JP Kennedy Bryan & Bryan 11 Broad St 42 S Bay St Henrietta C married male attorney at law Bryan & Bryan at 11 owner / Broad; Honorable 1910 law attorney at law; Bryan Fireproof Building 11 Broad St 160 Broad St Mary M married male George D Judge of Probate (judge) at 100 Meeting St 1910 law attorney at law Bryan Frank M 39 Broad St 160 Broad St single male owner / 1910 law Buist Henry Buist & Buist 30 Broad St 49 Laurens St Frances G married male attorney at law owner / Burke, Rivers & 1910 law Burke Edmond J 32 Broad St 280 Calhoun St Emily L married male attorney at law Erckmann owner / Simons, Siegling & 1910 law Cappelmann John D 46 Broad St 20 Green St Julia A married male attorney at law Cappelmann owner of Chisolm & 1910 law attorney at law Chisolm J Bachmann de Saussure (fire 26 Broad St 137 Broad St Octavia married male insurance) Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title register mesne JE Cogswell at office 1910 law conveyance + Cogswell Julius E 100 Meeting St 56 Pitt St single male Fireproof Building attorney at law 1910 law attorney at law Cohen Octavus 39 Broad St 86 Beaufain St Rebecca married male 1910 law attorney at law Conner Henry W 13 Broad St 43 Meeting St Anna M V married male 1910 law attorney at law Edwards (c) John B 104.5 Church St 7 Rosemount St single male owner / Burke, Rivers & 1910 law Erckmann Harry L 32 Broad St 65 Smith St Mattie married male attorney at law Erckmann Ficken, Hughes & owner / Ficken; South attorney at law; Honorable John 1910 law Ficken Carolina Loan & Trust 17 Broad St 94 Rutledge ave Emma J married male president; acting F Co; Charleston Bridge president Co owner / Ficken, Hughes & attorney at law; Ficken; Security 1910 law Ficken Henry H 17 Broad St 35 Meeting St Julian B married male president; vice Savings Bank; president Charleston Bridge Co 1910 law attorney at law Finger Watson C 63 Broad St 291 Calhoun St single male 232 1910 law attorney at law Fitch W Moseley 33 Broad St 17 Smith St single male 1910 law attorney at law Fitz Simons W Huger 63 Broad St 65 Legare St Annie P married male owner / 1910 law Frost Frank R Smythe, Lee & Frost 7 Broad St 3 Water St Celestine married male attorney at law owner / 1910 law Frost Donald McK Smythe, Lee & Frost 7 Broad St 39 East Battery St single male attorney at law 1910 law attorney at law Gaillard (c) John A 424 King St 65 President St Eliza married male attorney at law + standing master US 1910 law Gilliland Daniel B office PO building 18 Broad St 43 Anson St single male Courts for Eastern District of SC owner / 1910 law Grace John P Logan & Grace 40 Broad St 3 Glebe St single male attorney at law 1910 law attorney at law Grimball William H 54 Broad St 1 Ashley ave single male Mordecai & Gadsden, owner / 1910 law Hagood Benjamin A Rutledge & Hagood 43 Broad St 1 Maiden Lane Mary M married male attorney at law 43-45-47 Broad St assistant US 1910 law Hastie Drayton F office 15 PO Building 18 Broad St 43 East Bay St single male District Attorney Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title attorney at law + secretary 1910 law Hendron Frank F 51 Broad St 207 Rutledge ave Linie married male (Navy Yard Home Corp) 1910 law attorney at law Heyward William Henry 12 Broad St 31 St Philip St Elenita married male owner / Legare, Holman & 1910 law Holman William A 39 Broad St 176 Rutledge ave Isabelle A married male attorney at law Baker 1910 law attorney at law Holmes George S 29 Broad St 16 Legare St Nellie H married male owner / 1910 law Horlbeck Fred H Mitchell & Smith 31 Broad St 13 Pitt St single male attorney at law owner / 1910 law Huger Alfred Huger & Wilbur 57 Broad St 34 South Battery St Margaret married male attorney at law 1910 law attorney at law Huger Arthur M 28 Broad St 28 Broad St single male owner / Ficken, Hughes & 1910 law attorney at law; Hughes Edward W Ficken; president The 17 Broad St 45 Smith St Virginia R married male president Bailey-Lebby Co Mordecai & Gadsden, owner / 1910 law Hyde / Hide Simeon Rutledge & Hagood 43 Broad St 117 Wentworth St Lila G married male 233 attorney at law 43-45-47 Broad St 1910 law attorney at law Jervey W St Julien 14 Broad St 136 Tradd St single male attorney at law 1910 law Jervey Theodore D 23 Broad St 71 Rutledge ave single male + City Recorder 1910 law attorney at law Kroeg Andrew A Jr 51 Broad St 40 Legare St single male owner / 1910 law Lee A Markley Smythe, Lee & Frost 7 Broad St 104 Tradd St Eliza married male attorney at law owner / 1910 law Logan W Turner Logan & Grace 40 Broad St 98 Church St Louise married male attorney at law 1910 law attorney at law Macmillan Paul M 55 Broad St 36 Chalmers St single male 1910 law attorney at law Mathews Brice H 39 Broad St 27 President St single male owner of Special Messenger Service Co; 1910 law magistrate Matthews Frank C 28 Broad St 272 Rutledge ave Agnes married male magistrate at 28 Broad St attorney at law; A Mazyck; College of 1910 law Mazyck Arthur 23 Broad St 133 Broad St Epps P married male treasurer Charleston owner / 1910 law McCrady Louis de B McCrady & Bacot 29 Broad St 56 S Bay St Jane S married male attorney at law 1910 law attorney at law Millar John C 33 Broad St 10 Ashe St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner / Miller, Whaley & 1910 law Miller William C 35 Broad St 138 Wentworth St Georgia G married male attorney at law Bissell owner / 1910 law Mitchell Julian Mitchell & Smith 31 Broad St 173 Broad St Belle W married male attorney at law attorney at law; Master in Equity 1910 law Mitchell Horatio W Jr Court House 83 Broad St 54 Cannon St single male Charleston County attorney at law; 1910 law corporation Moffett George H 55 Broad 47 East Bay St single male counsel 1910 law attorney at law Momeier George H 44 Broad St 50 Chapel St Ernestine married male Mordecai & Gadsden, owner / 1910 law Mordecai T Moultrie Rutledge & Hagood 43 Broad St 93 Rutledge ave Gertrude A married male attorney at law 43-45-47 Broad St attorney at law + Master in 1910 law Equity Myers Frank K Court House 83 Broad St 22 King St Roberta married male
234 Charleston County owner / 1910 law Nathans Jacob N Nathans & Sinkler 15 Broad 3 College St single male attorney at law owner / 1910 law Nathans Jacob N Jr Nathans & Sinkler 15 Broad 3 College St single male attorney at law clerk of city 1910 law council + O'Neale Robert G office City Hall 80 Broad St 72 Radcliffe St single male attorney at law 1910 law attorney at law Parker William Henry 39 Broad St 143 Tradd St Elizabeth married male attorney at law; 1910 law Perry J Lamb Johnston-Crews Co 9 Broad St 10 Legare St Caroline S married male president owner / Burke, Rivers & 1910 law attorney at law; Rivers M Rutledge Eckerman; The Victor 32 Broad St 48 Montagu St Eliza B married male president Bagging Factory attorney at law 1910 law Rouse George W 10 Court House Sq 23 Meeting St Cordelia married male + magistrate Mordecai & Gadsden, owner / 1910 law Rutledge Benjamin H Rutledge & Hagood 43 Broad St 52 South Battery St Emma B married male attorney at law 43-45-47 Broad St Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title secretary of Von 1910 law attorney at law Schroder John CD Kolnitz-Schroder Co + 34 Broad St 18 Bull St Anna married male Auto & MM Co Simons, Siegling & owner / Honorable Cappelmann at 46-48 1910 law attorney at law; Simons 46 Broad St 172 Broad St Elizabeth married male James Broad St; The News & president Courier Co owner / 1910 law Sinkler Huger Nathans & Sinkler 15 Broad St 5 Gibbes St Anna M married male attorney at law owner / 1910 law Smith Henry AM Mitchell & Smith 31 Broad St 26 Meeting St Emma B married male attorney at law owner / 1910 law Smythe Augustine T Smythe, Lee & Frost 7 Broad St 31 Legare St Louisa married male attorney at law 1910 law attorney at law Summers (c) Daniel B 15 State St 53 Congress St Marion married male 1910 law attorney at law Tobias Ashley C Jr 13 Broad St 98 Rutledge ave single male 1910 law attorney at law Twine (c) Alonzo E 104 Church St 8 Montagu Ct single male 1910 law attorney at law Vander Horst Arnoldus 63 Broad St 28 Chapel St single male
235 1910 law attorney at law Visanska Ernest L 7 Broad St 12 Bull St single male 1910 law attorney at law Von Kolnitz George F 11 Broad St 126 Smith St Sarah C married male 1910 law attorney at law Waring J Waites 13 Broad St 334 Meeting St single male 1910 law attorney at law Whaley William 63 Broad St 71 Church St Grace married male owner / Miller, Whaley & 1910 law Whaley Richard S 35 Broad St 26 Legare St single male attorney at law Bissell owner / 1910 law Wilbur Walter B Huger & Wilbur 57 Broad St 35 Montagu St single male attorney at law owner / 1910 law Young Henry E Young & Young 28 Broad St 22 Legare St Elizabeth married male attorney at law owner / 1910 law Young Arthur R Young & Young 28 Broad St 70 Tradd St Nannie married male attorney at law 1910 medical physician Aimar Charles P Jr 4 Vanderhorst St 268 Calhoun St Leonardi married male 1910 medical physician Alston Rowland 13 St Philip St 172 Tradd St single male 1910 medical physician Baker Archibald E 126 Rutledge ave 126 Rutledge ave Adele married male 1910 medical physician Ball Austin J 96 Wentworth St 33 King St single male 1910 medical physician Barbot Louis D 35 Coming St 35 Coming St Minnie married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title owner of Bordon's owner: Bordon's Drug Store at 55 1910 medical Drug Store + Beckman Geo E 721 King St 74 Meeting St Estelle married male Broad; physician at physician 721 King owner of Bordon's owner: Bordon's Drug Store at 55 1910 medical Drug Store + Beckman John C 721 King St 42 Pitt St single male Broad; physician at physician 721 King 1910 medical physician Bold Francis H 55 Calhoun St 427 Meeting St single male 261 King St + US Inspr 1910 medical physician Borden John T 261 King St 35 Hasell St single male Boilers 1910 medical physician Boykin Edw M 75.5 Wentworth St 24 King St Bessie married male 1910 medical physician Brodie Robert L 114 Rutledge ave 114 Rutledge ave single male 1910 medical physician Buist A Johnston 279 Meeting St 247 Meeting St single male 1910 medical physician Burn J Walter 564 King St 82 Spring St Mary E married male physician + 1910 medical Cathcart Robert S 55 Hasell St 55 Hasell St Katherine M married male surgeon
236 sec + treas 1910 medical Wacker Drug Co Cornell William P 217 Rutledge ave 217 Rutledge ave Jeannie married male + physician 1910 medical physician Crum (c) William D 98 Coming St 98 Coming St Ellen married male 1910 medical physician Dawson John L 82 Tradd St 75 Tradd St single male 1910 medical physician De Saussure Henry W 71 Wentworth St 89 Rutledge ave Margarette married male 132.5 Wentworth 1910 medical physicians Fitch Augustus 17 Smith St Fannie married male St 1910 medical physician Forrest John 10 King St 10 King St Felicia married male 1910 medical physician Graham Thomas E 76 Queen St 76 Queen St Mary A married male city health officer, secretary 1910 medical Green J Merceir 103.5 Church St 16 Limehouse St Katherine married male Board of Health + physician 1910 medical physician Hunter B Wagner 175 St Philip St 17 Hanover St Lillie married male 1910 medical physician Jackson Henry P 109 Broad St 109 Broad St single male 1910 medical physician Jager Eugene L 460.5 Meeting St 18 Radcliffe St single male 1910 medical physician Jervey Allen J 101 Meeting St 136 Tradd St Emily married male 1910 medical physician Johnson William Henry 107 Wentworth St 107 Wentworth St Lottie married male 1910 medical physician Johnson Francis B 95 Rutledge ave 95 Rutledge ave single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title physician; proprietor 1910 medical Johnson (c) William H 114-116 Spring St 114 Spring St 241 Ashley ave Alice married male (Johnson's Pharmacy) osteopathic 1910 medical Kennedy Ralph V 222 King St 112 Beaufain St single male physician 1910 medical physician Kollock Charles W 20 Coming St 46 S Bay St Sarah married male 1910 medical physician Litschgi Charles 103.5 Church St 136 Broad St single male 1910 medical physician Maguire Daniel L 166 Calhoun St 54 St Philip St single male 1910 medical physician Maybank Joseph 89 Broad St 130 Rutledge ave Harriet married male 1910 medical physician Mazyck McMillan K 62 Hasell St 62 Hasell St single male physician at Dr AC McClennan at 42 Vanderhorst St; physician; propriotor of Peoples proprietor; 1910 medical McClennan (c) Dr Alonzo C Pharmacy at 421 King 42 Vanderhorst St 42 Vanderhorst St Ida married male surgeon in St; surgeon in charge charge at Hospital + Training 237 School for Nurses at 135 Cannon St 1910 medical physician McInnes G Flemming 115 Wentworth St 34 Chalmers St single male 1910 medical physician Memminger Allard 34 Montagu St 34 Montagu St single male 1910 medical physician Mitchell J Creighton 461 Meeting St 461 Meeting St Louisa married male 1910 medical physician Mood George McF 248 Calhoun St 75 Pitt St single male 1910 medical physician Mullally Lane 126 Meeting St 51 Meeting St Caroline married male 1910 medical physician Nichols (c) William E 73 Cannon St 73 Cannon St Henrietta married male 1910 medical physician O'Driscoll William C 324 Meeting St 22 Church St single male 1910 medical physician Parker Edward F 70 Hasell St 12 Meeting St Harriet married male 1910 medical physician Pearlstine Kivy I 49 George St 248 Rutledge ave single male 1910 medical physician Pollitzer Richard M 611.5 King St 5 Pitt St single male 1910 medical physician Prioleau (c) H 92.5 Spring St 242 Rutledge ave Josephine married male 1910 medical physician Ravenel Edmund 54 Meeting St 54 Meeting St single male 1910 medical physician Rees Charles M 98 Wentworth St 169 Broad St Margaret married male 1910 medical physician Reynolds Thomas W 416 Meeting St 316 Meeting St Katherine married male 1910 medical physician Rhame J Sumter 1 Cannon St 58 Rutledge ave single male 1910 medical physician Rutledge ave Edward 122 Meeting St 44 S Bay St Lillie married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title assistant surgeon in charge US Public 1910 medical Sams Franklin F 149 Broad St 37 New St Elizabeth married male Health + Hospital Service; physician 1910 medical physician Scharloock Theodore M 14 Carolina St 14 Carolina St Margaret married male 1910 medical physician Schroder Charles H 80 Cannon St 80 Cannon St Anna M married male 1910 medical physician Schwacke Augustus H 52 Hasell St 52 Hasell St Lizzie married male 1910 medical physician Simons T Grange 18 Montagu St 18 Montagu St Serena married male 1910 medical physician Simons Manning 111 Church St 22 Rutledge ave Florence married male 1910 medical physician Sosnowski Julius C 98 Wentworth St 108 Wentworth St single male 1910 medical physician Sparkman Edward H Jr 12 Court House Sq 138 Broad St single male 1910 medical physician Speisseger Charles A Jr 89.5 Wentworth St 21 Montagu St single male 1910 medical physician Taft A Robert 611.5 King St 216 Rutledge ave Mary W married male 1910 medical physician Thompson (c) John M 53 Radcliffe St 77 St Philip St Mary married male
238 physician - specialist - eye, 1910 medical Townsend John F 85 Wentworth St 86 Radcliffe St single male ear, nose + throat 1910 medical physician Whaley T Prioleau 113 Wentworth St 9 Limehouse St Henrietta R married male 1910 medical physician Wildhagen Adolph C (N) 61 Alexander St 38 Hasell St Laura V married male 1910 medical physician Wilson Robert 165 Rutledge ave 165 Rutledge ave Harriet married male 1910 medical physician Wilson G Fraser 369 King St 84 Coming St Ann married male 1910 railway conductor Aiken Robert Street Railway 141 Meeting St 31 Line St single male 1910 railway conductor Altman Thaddeus W Southern Railway 44 Line St 57 Cannon St Katie married male 1910 railway conductor Anthony John A Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 4 Ashmead Pl Bessie married male 1910 railway conductor Bailey J H Southern Railway 44 Line St 35 Butler single male 1910 railway conductor Baker William H Southern Railway 44 Line St 83 King St single male 1910 railway conductor Bateman George E Street Railway 141 Meeting St 29 Shepard St Irene married male 1910 railway conductor Bates William E Street Railway 141 Meeting St 295 Calhoun St single male 1910 railway conductor Beattie Julian B Southern Railway 44 Line St 83 Shepard St Lila married male 1910 railway conductor Behling John H Southern Railway 44 Line St 679 King St single male 1910 railway conductor Bill Theo T Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 70 Amherst St Lillie married male 1910 railway conductor Bird Albert J Street Railway 141 Meeting St 47 Line St Alice married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 railway conductor Blackard J Alex Southern Railway 44 Line St 301 East Bay St single male 1910 railway conductor Boland Herbert A Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 237 Rutledge ave Carrie married male 1910 railway conductor Bowers Gilbert W Street Railway 141 Meeting St 24 Bertha St Blanche married male 1910 railway conductor Brockington Cosmo E Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 5 Charlotte St Emily married male 1910 railway conductor Brown Charles E Southern Railway 44 Line St 41 Nassau St Mary married male 1910 railway conductor Brown Harvey H Southern Railway 44 Line St 47 Carolina St A Laura married male 1910 railway conductor Burbage William A Street Railway 141 Meeting St 44 Fishburne St single male 1910 railway conductor Burn William A Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 69 Line St Margaret married male 1910 railway conductor Cannon St Jeremiah W Street Railway 141 Meeting St 8 Percy St Willie married male 1910 railway conductor Chanson Joseph Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 21 Hampden St Gertrude married male 1910 railway conductor Clute Robert E Street Railway 141 Meeting St 499 Meeting St single male 1910 railway conductor Coats Luther B Pullman Co 701 East Bay St 294 St Philip St Rosa married male 1910 railway conductor Connell Andrew J Street Railway 141 Meeting St 284 Coming St Lucy married male 1910 railway conductor Cordes Alex W Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 83 East Bay St Cynthia married male 1910 railway conductor Cotton Joseph W Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 90.5 Columbus St Matilda married male 239 1910 railway conductor Crosby Frank G Street Railway 141 Meeting St 29 Bertha St Julia married male 1910 railway conductor Dengate James Street Railway 141 Meeting St 1 Inspection St single male 1910 railway conductor Dennis William J Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 8 Hampstead Sq Lottie married male 1910 railway conductor Dowling Walter R Street Railway 141 Meeting St 47 Line St single male 1910 railway conductor Drawdy Francis M Southern Railway 44 Line St 264 King St single male 1910 railway conductor Ferrell Leroy B Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 12 Judith St Lyra married male 1910 railway conductor Fickell John C Pullman Co 701 East Bay St 13 Radcliffe St Leona married male 1910 railway conductor Fickling James V Southern Railway 44 Line St 25 Woolfe St single male 1910 railway conductor Flatman Ezra Street Railway 141 Meeting St 98 America St Minnie married male 1910 railway conductor Fouts C Horace Southern Railway 44 Line St 86 Reid St Mattie married male 1910 railway conductor Gadsden Frank R Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 2 Wragg Sq Nellie married male 1910 railway conductor Gatch James W Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 59 Amherst St Leonora married male 1910 railway conductor Godfrey Grimp Street Railway 141 Meeting St 31 Line St single male 1910 railway conductor Grace J Glover Street Railway 141 Meeting St 476 Meeting St Annie married male 1910 railway conductor Greneker Eugene F Southern Railway 44 Line St 115 Meeting St single male 1910 railway conductor Griffin CA Pullman Co 701 East Bay St 115 Meeting St single male 1910 railway conductor Gruber George W Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 39 Spring St Carrie married male 1910 railway conductor Gruber Henry E Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 477 Meeting St Annie married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 railway conductor Hancock James L Southern Railway 44 Line St 6 Fishburne St Eva married male 1910 railway conductor Hawthorne William I Street Railway 141 Meeting St 476 Meeting St single male 1910 railway conductor Heinsberger Stuart C Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 159 Rutledge ave Lillie married male 1910 railway conductor Heinsberger Glenbur Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 159 Rutledge ave single male 1910 railway conductor Hendry B Benj Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 55 Columbus St single male 1910 railway conductor Hiers William Street Railway 141 Meeting St 29 Bertha St Ethel married male 1910 railway conductor Hill Arthur R Street Railway 141 Meeting St 26 Alexander St Rosa married male 1910 railway conductor Hutchinson William E Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 32 Spring St Annetta B married male 1910 railway conductor Inabnett Eugene W Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 35 Reid St Leila married male 1910 railway conductor Johnson W Edward Street Railway 141 Meeting St 27 Spring St single male 1910 railway conductor Jones Leopold A Street Railway 141 Meeting St 138 Line St Adeline married male 1910 railway conductor Kampmeyer Chris H Street Railway 141 Meeting St 657 King St Edith married male 1910 railway conductor Keckley Henry H Southern Railway 44 Line St 104 Nassau St Julia married male 1910 railway conductor Keckley Arthur C Southern Railway 44 Line St 162 Cannon St Lorena married male 1910 railway conductor Kershaw Wilmot D Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 245 Calhoun St Jennie married male 240 1910 railway conductor Kingdon George P Street Railway 141 Meeting St 18 Sumter St Sallie married male 1910 railway conductor Lamb James M Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 2 Wragg Sq Marie married male 1910 railway conductor Lamb G Crawford Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 6 Wragg St Edna married male 1910 railway conductor Lambert Henry Street Railway 141 Meeting St 7 Cooper Sq Katherine married male 1910 railway conductor Landrum Robert L Street Railway 141 Meeting St 559 Meeting St Katie married male 1910 railway conductor Larisey William P Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 418 Meeting St Mattie married male 1910 railway conductor Larisey J Marion Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 4 Liberty St single male 1910 railway conductor Laves William F Street Railway 141 Meeting St 199 King St Ella married male 1910 railway conductor Lesemann John D Southern Railway 44 Line St 26 Elizabeth St Ida married male 1910 railway conductor Lynes Christian B Street Railway 141 Meeting St 359 Meeting St Maggie married male 1910 railway conductor Manning Joseph F Street Railway 141 Meeting St 76 Calhoun St single male 1910 railway conductor Massalon John H Street Railway 141 Meeting St 546 Meeting St Anna married male 1910 railway conductor McCutchen Ladson B Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 4 Wragg Sq Emma married male 1910 railway conductor McGee Hinche E Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 159 Rutledge ave Eva married male 1910 railway conductor McKnight Hugh E Street Railway 141 Meeting St 45 George St single male 1910 railway conductor Melfi Leonard F Southern Railway 44 Line St 715 King St Cordelia married male 1910 railway conductor Mellard J Nathan Street Railway 141 Meeting St 14 Cleveland Shellie married male 1910 railway conductor Meyer Eugene W Street Railway 141 Meeting St 41 Fishburne St Lottie married male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 railway conductor Meyers William L Southern Railway 44 Line St 93 Line St Ethel married male Charleston Terminal 1910 railway conductor Milligan Harry C 6 Atlantic Wharf 78 East Bay St Mary married male Co conductor; Street Railway; 128 1910 railway Moore Henry S 141 Meeting St 128 Columbus St Elizabeth married male wood Columbus St 1910 railway conductor Morrall C Gadsden Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 13 Judith St single male 1910 railway conductor Moseley James W Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 9 President single male 1910 railway conductor Mundy William K Street Railway 141 Meeting St 30 Mary St Lillian married male 1910 railway conductor Murrell James J Southern Railway 44 Line St 96 Shepard St Annie married male 1910 railway conductor Oliver Adam P Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 12 Wragg St Julia married male 1910 railway conductor Oliver George W Southern Railway 44 Line St 41 Spring St Lottie M married male 1910 railway conductor Passailaigue J Cornelius Southern Railway 44 Line St 32 Blake St Minnie married male 1910 railway conductor Petit George H Street Railway 141 Meeting St 8 Judith St Sallie married male 1910 railway conductor Powell Harry B Street Railway 141 Meeting St 2 Bee St single male 1910 railway conductor Reeves Edward L Southern Railway 44 Line St 6 Montagu St Georgianna married male 1910 railway conductor Richbourg Henry F Street Railway 141 Meeting St 42 Marsh St Mary married male 241 Charleston Terminal 1910 railway conductor Rischer Charles H 6 Atlantic Wharf 32 Fishburne St Annie married male Co 1910 railway conductor Rourk Peter Street Railway 141 Meeting St 616 King St single male 1910 railway conductor Scharloock William F Street Railway 141 Meeting St 3 Alexander St single male 1910 railway conductor Shurley Matthew H Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 10 Wragg St single male 1910 railway conductor Singletary Charles Street Railway 141 Meeting St 475 Meeting St single male 1910 railway conductor Smith James D Street Railway 141 Meeting St 178 St Philip St Marie married male 1910 railway conductor Smith William C Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 125 Calhoun St single male 1910 railway conductor Smith Clifford Street Railway 141 Meeting St 8 Ashmead Pl single male 1910 railway conductor Speissegger Charles A Southern Railway 44 Line St 21 Montagu St single male 1910 railway conductor Stansell Claude W Street Railway 141 Meeting St 45 George St Ada married male 1910 railway conductor Steinmeyer Clement S Pullman Co 701 East Bay St 209 Rutledge ave single male 1910 railway conductor Teague W Henry Street Railway 141 Meeting St 602 Meeting St Elizabeth married male 1910 railway conductor Thornley D Oscar Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 15 Chapel St single male 1910 railway conductor Tilghman Charles C Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 17 Pitt St Susie married male 1910 railway conductor Tipton Winfred S Street Railway 141 Meeting St 39 Fishburne St Germa married male 1910 railway conductor Tuten Joseph M Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 369 Meeting St Genie married male 1910 railway conductor Tuten AW Street Railway 141 Meeting St 31 Line St single male Profession / Year Industry Last Name First Name Work Name + Notes Work Address Home Address Spouse Marital Status Title 1910 railway conductor Webb William G Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 215 St Philip St Ida J married male 1910 railway conductor Weeks Lawrence E Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 10 Wragg St single male 1910 railway conductor Westendorff Glen B Southern Railway 44 Line St 159 Rutledge ave single male 1910 railway conductor Wigger William H Street Railway 141 Meeting St 53 Bogard St Amelia married male 1910 railway conductor Williams Herbert Street Railway 141 Meeting St 475 Meeting St single male 1910 railway conductor Wolfe Charles E Southern Railway 44 Line St 494 Meeting St Ida married male 1910 railway conductor Worsham John P Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 6 Hampstead Sq single male 1910 railway conductor Young Anthony Atlantic Coast Line 701 East Bay St 30 Mary St Vivian married male 242 BIBLIOGRAPHY
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