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The Influence of Buildings and Ground Stratification on Tunnel Lining Loads Using Finite Element Method
The influence of buildings and ground stratification on tunnel lining loads using finite element method L'influence des bâtiments et de la stratification du sol sur les charges de revêtement du tunnel utilisant la méthode d’éléments finis Rezaei A.H. Ph.D. student, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Katebi H., Hajialilue-Bonab M. Associate Professor, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Tabriz, Tabriz, Iran Hosseini B. M.Sc in Geotechnical Engineering ABSTRACT: Urban development and increasingly growth of population have been accompanied by a considerable growth in mechanized Shield tunnelling. Commonly precast concrete segments used as tunnel lining in mechanized tunnelling and include relatively considerable part of tunnelling cost. The optimum design of lining that decreases tunnelling cost needs to accurate evaluation of loads act on lining. In this study, the effects of soil stratification, building’s geometry, position and weight on lining loads were studied. A 2D finite element model was applied to simulate the conventional procedure of tunnel excavation and lining using Abaqus software (Ver 6.10). The geometry of tunnel, lining segments, injection grout and around soil properties were adapted from under construction Tabriz urban railway line 2 project. The results show that ground stratification and building properties (especially the position of buildings) have considerable effects on lining loads. From the viewpoint of structural design, the buildings effect on lining is critical when the surface buildings are unsymmetrical. RÉSUMÉ : Le développement urbain et de plus en plus la croissance de la population s'est accompagnée d'une croissance considérable dans le domaine de Tunnelier. -
Guida-IRO.Pdf
The Head of Dipartimento di Economia e Management Dear students, Welcome to the Dipartimento di Economia e Management! Our Department is a lively environment where research and teaching live side by side in the areas of economics, business and management studies, mathematics and statistics. Moreover, courses on legal theory and foreign languages applied to economics are provided. In recent years, the Department has particularly increased its international activities, achieving very good results. We have created an International Relations Office, we have more than doubled the number of exchange students and exchange opportunities (Erasmus and overseas), and we have developed an International Programme for undergraduates and graduates, a MSc in Economics and an MBA totally taught in English, and many other international activities. In coming years, we aim to expand the opportunities for studying business, strategy, and marketing in English. This has a double aim: intensify the presence of foreign students in our Department and stimulate our students to live and work in an international context. I hope you will enjoy your stay in Pisa. Prof. Bianchi Martini Index 1. Welcome to Pisa . Welcome to Pisa pag. 6 . How to get to Pisa pag. 7 . A brief history of Pisa pag. 8 . The town and its surroundings pag. 11 . A short tour of Pisa pag. 13 2. IRO International Relations Office . Where we are pag. 18 . Purposes of IRO pag. 19 . International office services pag. 20 3. Academic information . Academic calendar pag. 26 . Study plan pag. 27 . CFU and ECTS credits pag. 28 . Italian marks pag. 29 . How to apply for exams pag. -
3D Mapping the Tower of Pisa
Visualisation technical 3D mapping the Tower of Pisa Compiled by Clare van Zwieten, EE Publishers Australian researchers have created the first ever interior 3D map of Italy’s Leaning Tower of Pisa by using a breakthrough mobile laser mapping system, the ZEB 1. This detailed record will be of great assistance in preserving the cultural heritage of the site. he Leaning Tower of Pisa is the freestanding bell tower, Tof the cathedral of the Italian city of Pisa, known worldwide for its unintended tilt to one side. It is situated behind the Cathedral and is the third oldest structure in Pisa's Cathedral Square (Piazza del Duomo) after the Cathedral and the Baptistry. In 1987 the tower was declared as part of the Piazza del Duomo UNESCO World Heritage Site. The leaning Tower of Pisa was designed as a circular bell tower and is constructed of white marble. It consists of eight stories, including the chamber for the bells. The bottom story has 15 marble arches and each of the next six stories contain 30 arches that surround the tower. The top story is the bell chamber, which has 16 arches. There is a 297 Fig. 1: Dr. Jonathan Roberts, Program Leader for CSIRO's Computational Informatics Division step spiral staircase inside the tower scanning the Leaning Tower of Pisa with the new Zebedee technology. leading to the top. The height of the tower is 55,86 m from the ground on the low side and 55,70 m on the high side. The width of the walls at the base is 4,09 m and at the top 2,48 m. -
Case Study Tabriz of Metro Single Tunnel
Designing and Optimizing Support System - Case Study Tabriz of Metro Single Tunnel A.H. Ghazvinian K. Goshtasbi N. Ghasempour Tabriat Modares university, Mining Engineering Department, Iran E-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT The designers need engineering judgment to select the optimum option among the alternatives. The optimum choice can be selected by the expert engineers taking into account their judgment and immediate insight. Nowadays, decision-making methods can help engineers to support their decision in the scientific way. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a decision making method and is a branch of multi attribute decision-making (MADM) methods utilizing structured pair-wise comparisons. This paper presents an application of the AHP method to the selection of the optimum support design for the Tabriz Urban Railway(TUR) tunnel line no 2, which has been planned for transporting passengers from vali-Asr Square to Gharamalek State in Tabriz, Iran. The methodology considers five main objectives, namely: displacements in the roof and bottom of the tunnel, the factor of Safety (FOS), the economic and possibility factor for the selection of support design. The displacements and stress values were obtained by using the finite difference program, FLAC3D as the numerical studies have been widely used by the engineers examining the response of any opening in underground, in advance. After carrying out numerical models for different support design, the AHP method was incorporated to evaluate these support designs according to the pre-determined criteria. The result of this study shows that the AHP application is a good tool to effectively evaluate the support system alternatives for underground cavities. -
Human Rights in Culturally Diverse Societies
Human rights in culturally Human rights in culturally diverse societies – Guidelines adopted by the Committee of Ministers and Compilation of Council of Europe standards of Europe of Council of Ministers and Compilation the Committee by societies – Guidelines adopted diverse Human rights in culturally diverse societies Guidelines adopted by the Committee of Ministers and Compilation of Council of Europe standards This updated publication contains the Committee of Ministers’ guidelines to member States on the protection and promotion of human rights in culturally diverse societies as well as the Compilation of Council of Europe standards relating to the principles of freedom of thought, conscience and religion upon which the guidelines are inspired, mainly the European Convention on Human Rights and the jurisprudence of the European Court of Human Rights, but also conclusions and recommendations of other monitoring mechanisms and other Council of Europe bodies. These guidelines are innovative as they do not consider these standards in isolation, rather they rethink and recast them through their interaction with other human rights: freedom of expression, freedom of association and assembly, the right to private life. They are intended as a realistic and ©Shutterstock hoto: usable tool which reflects the often complex interplay of different rights within diverse societies. PREMS074516 – P ENG HR-culturally-diverse-societies-en.book Page 1 Wednesday, June 8, 2016 4:55 PM HUMAN RIGHTS IN CULTURALLY DIVERSE SOCIETIES GUIDELINES ADOPTED BY THE -
Inventaire PUBLIC MANDAT JUNCKER.Xlsm
Liste des cadeaux reçus des membres du Collège par le Service du Protocole PRESIDENT J.C. JUNCKER 2014/2015/2016/2017/2018 Date de N° Description cadeau Origine Etat Niveau Code réception Description Code Etat Etat Nom donateur Code Niveau Fonction Code 2014 2014 2014 103-11-2014Didgeridoo wooden trumpet AU Australia artist JK 211-11-2014Carved traditional turkish vase TR Turkey government AA 312-11-2014Carved cristal vase TR Turkey government FM 412-11-2014Carved traditional turkish vase TR Turkey government VA 5 16-11-2014 Framed photograph panorama of the "Story Bridge" city of Brisbane AU Australia (G20 Summit) government JCJ 6 01-12-2014Silver printed frame of Italian Senate building IT Italy parliament VA 705-12-2014Bottle of Dragos MD Moldova government MAC 8 05-12-2014Brooch/ornamental pin with horse and horseman LB Lebanon government FM European Jewish Community 9 17-12-2014Hanukkah candelabra BE religion FM Center 2015 2015 2015 1009-01-2015Silver plated box/bowl MA Morocco dipl + government CM 11 12-01-2015 Porcelain vase with 2 toucan birds TW Taiwan diplomats/mission CM 1219-01-2015Silk flowered scarf QC Québec government CM 13 11-02-2015Framed watercoloured picture of church with cross PS Palestine government JCJ 1420-02-2015Woolen cardigan FR France government FM 15 21-04-2015 Small frame with 9 bronze amulets (talisman) and one bronze knife NG Nigeria government CM 1629-04-2015Decorative porcelain vase 20cm height JP Japan government CM 17 18-06-2015Framed ceramic art work representing a "united Europe" PL Poland regional -
WMRA 2012 Newsletter LR.Indd
WORLD MOUNTAIN RUNNING ASSOCIATION NEWSLETTER 2012 Issue No 17 - May 2012 Max KING (122) (USA) Senior Men World Champion 2011 Kasie ENMAN (197) (USA) Senior Women World Champion 2011 Adem KARAGOZ (274) (TUR) Junior Men World Champion 2011 Lea EINFALT (333) (SLO) Junior Women World Champion 2011 WORLD MOUNTAIN RUNNING ASSOCIATION Message from the WMRA President – Bruno Gozzelino What is the future for mountain running and the WMRA? another very important difference from many of the other running activities I Mountain Running is now well established as a worldwide sport and branch of have mentioned. traditional athletics and it is continually growing in popularity among athletes Mountain running tries to attract young athletes as one of its main goals but all around the world. also understands that the Masters is an important movement and WMRA is It is now clear that mountain running is recognised as a modern and precious very well linked with WMA. part of athletics which Finally – and this is helps improve the very, very important athletes’ performances too - WMRA races in all endurance races. try to encourage However, “mountain the participation of running is mountain athletes who are running” and it should also able to run in not be confused with cross country, in the trail running, sky marathon, in 10km running, snowshoe races or steeplechase running, skyscrapers races. ascent or other similar Mountain running is activities with different recognized as a true names. It is important test of endurance, to distinguish ability, skills and wise mountain running from preparation and to these other activities. many athletes it is Trail is an attractive considered to be the and important best practice to excel movement that will in all types of distance probably become races. -
Trams Der Welt / Trams of the World 2021 Daten / Data © 2021 Peter Sohns Seite / Page 1
www.blickpunktstrab.net – Trams der Welt / Trams of the World 2021 Daten / Data © 2021 Peter Sohns Seite / Page 1 Algeria ... Alger (Algier) ... Metro ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Alger (Algier) ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Constantine ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Oran ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Ouragla ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Sétif ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Algeria ... Sidi Bel Abbès ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF ... Metro ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Caballito ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Lacroze (General Urquiza) ... Interurban (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Premetro E ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Buenos Aires, DF - Tren de la Costa ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Córdoba, Córdoba ... Trolleybus Argentina ... Mar del Plata, BA ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 900 mm Argentina ... Mendoza, Mendoza ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Mendoza, Mendoza ... Trolleybus Argentina ... Rosario, Santa Fé ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Argentina ... Rosario, Santa Fé ... Trolleybus Argentina ... Valle Hermoso, Córdoba ... Tram-Museum (Electric) ... 600 mm Armenia ... Yerevan ... Metro ... 1524 mm Armenia ... Yerevan ... Trolleybus Australia ... Adelaide, SA - Glenelg ... Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Australia ... Ballarat, VIC ... Heritage-Tram (Electric) ... 1435 mm Australia ... Bendigo, VIC ... Heritage-Tram -
Learning™ Tower of Pisa
©2003 - v 9/05 611-0385 (30-205) Learning™ Tower of Pisa Warranty and Parts: Stability: How To Use: We replace all defective or miss- If a solid body resting on a base 1. Weigh each slug and measure their ing parts free of charge. All products returns to its original position after it diameter and height. warranted to be free from defect for has been tipped a little, it is said to be 2. Stack the 4 enclosed slugs of dif- 90 days. Does not apply to accident, in "Stable equilibrium." Bodies that are ferent materials in any combination misuse, or normal wear and tear. in stable equilibrium cannot be tipped onto the enclosed 6.4 mm dia steel over unless their center of gravity is pin. first raised. 3. Calculate the center of gravity us- Introduction: There is a simple way of knowing ing the following formula: in advance whether a body, resting on C = M h + M h + M h + M h The world famous Leaning Tower g A 4 B 3 C 2 D 1 a given base, will be stable or topple M + M + M + M of Pisa in Italy presents an interesting A B C D over when released. It the plumb line case study in stability. This tower is 4. To check your calculations, place through its center of gravity falls within 56 meters tall with walls that are 2.6 the assembled tower onto our 40- the boundary of the base on which it meters thick at the base. It is built en- 250 Inclined Plane or a suitable rests, the body will not topple over. -
SAS V. France WRITTEN COMMENTS of the OPEN SOCIETY JUSTIC
IN THE EUROPEAN COURT OF HUMAN RIGHTS Application No. 43835/11 – S.A.S. v. France WRITTEN COMMENTS OF THE OPEN SOCIETY JUSTICE INITIATIVE INTRODUCTION 1. This case presents important questions regarding the extent to which European States can restrict the clothing worn by individuals, absent a compelling justification, where that dress is an expression of personal identity and religious belief. These written comments address the following issues: A. Comparative Practice. A review of the provenance and status of comparative bans on full-face veils in Belgium, Germany, Italy, and the Netherlands, demonstrating that the French law at issue in this case1 imposes more stringent restrictions than the laws of other countries except Belgium. B. Proportionality. A review of the appropriate justifications that may be invoked for controls on wearing clothing, and the evidence upon which any such ban should be based. C. Unveiling the Truth Report. The Open Society Foundations study Unveiling the Truth indicates that Muslim women in France wear the full-face veil as part of their personal search for identity and an expression of their Muslim faith, rather than because of coercion. A. COMPARATIVE PRACTICE 2. The number of women who wear a full-face veil in non-Muslim majority countries in Europe is exceedingly small.2 The French government estimates that 1,900 women wear the veil in France and some estimates place the number as low as 400.3 Throughout Western Europe, “well below half of one per cent of the Muslim population” wears a full-face veil.4 3. Nonetheless, in connection with rising anti-Muslim sentiment, bans on the full-face veil have been implemented nationally or locally not only in France, but also in Belgium, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. -
Relationship Between Twin Tunnels Distance and Surface Subsidence in Soft Ground of Tabriz Metro - Iran
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Engineering and Information Coal Operators' Conference Sciences 2012 Relationship between twin tunnels distance and surface subsidence in soft ground of Tabriz Metro - Iran Saied M. F. Hossaini Universtiy of Tehran Mehri Shaban University of Tehran Alireza Talebinejad University of Tehran Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/coal Recommended Citation Saied M. F. Hossaini, Mehri Shaban, and Alireza Talebinejad, Relationship between twin tunnels distance and surface subsidence in soft ground of Tabriz Metro - Iran, in Naj Aziz and Bob Kininmonth (eds.), Proceedings of the 2012 Coal Operators' Conference, Mining Engineering, University of Wollongong, 18-20 February 2019 https://ro.uow.edu.au/coal/403 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] 2012 Coal Operators’ Conference The University of Wollongong RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWIN TUNNELS DISTANCE AND SURFACE SUBSIDENCE IN SOFT GROUND OF TABRIZ METRO - IRAN Saied Mohammad Farouq Hossaini1, Mehri Shaban2 and Alireza 3 Talebinejad ABSTRACT: This paper presents a series of three-dimensional finite distinct element analyses carried out for line 1 of Tabriz metro tunnels. Interaction between these circular parallel twin tunnels excavated by an Earth Pressure Balance machine in a soft ground has been studied. The Influence of the distance between twin tunnels on the surface subsidence, bending moment and axial forces in the segmental lining of the first tunnel have been particularly, investigated. Advancing of the second tunnel affects the surface subsidence, bending moment and internal forces in the lining of the first tunnel. -
"Living Together" Or Living Apart from Religious Freedoms? the European Court of Human Right's Concept of "Living Together" and Its Impact on Religious Freedom
Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law Volume 50 Issue 1 Article 20 2018 "Living Together" or Living Apart from Religious Freedoms? The European Court of Human Right's Concept of "Living Together" and Its Impact on Religious Freedom Shelby Wade Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Shelby Wade, "Living Together" or Living Apart from Religious Freedoms? The European Court of Human Right's Concept of "Living Together" and Its Impact on Religious Freedom, 50 Case W. Res. J. Int'l L. 411 (2018) Available at: https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/jil/vol50/iss1/20 This Note is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Journals at Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law by an authorized administrator of Case Western Reserve University School of Law Scholarly Commons. Case Western Reserve Journal of International Law 50 (2018) “Living Together” or Living Apart from Religious Freedoms? The European Court of Human Right’s Concept of “Living Together” and Its Impact on Religious Freedom Shelby L. Wade In the 2014 monumental court decision S.A.S. v. France, the European Court of Human Rights ruled that the French law banning both burqas and niqabs in public spaces was justified. The Court based this justification on the concept of “living together,” stating this newly-created concept allowed limitations on certain rights, such as the freedom of religion. With this decision, the Court vacated precedent which used a balancing test to weigh exceptions, such as national security in very narrow situations, against the limitations on individual freedoms.