Format and Structure of a Database on Health and Environmental Impacts of Different Energy Systems for Electricity Generation
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IAEA-TECDOC-645 Format structureand ofdatabasea on health environmentaland impacts of different energy systems for electricity generation t^L^r INTERNATIONAL ATOMIC ENERGY AGENCY 2\ The IAEA does not normally maintain stocks of reports in this series. However, microfiche copie f thesso e reportobtainee b n sca d from INIS Clearinghouse International Atomic Energy Agency Wagramerstrasse 5 0 10 x P.OBo . A-1400 Vienna, Austria Orders shoul accompaniee db prepaymeny db f Austriao t n Schillings 100,- in the form of a cheque or in the form of IAEA microfiche service coupons which may be ordered separately from the INIS Clearinghouse. FORMA STRUCTURD TAN DATABASA F EO N EO HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF DIFFERENT ENERGY SYSTEM ELECTRICITR SFO Y GENERATION IAEA, VIENNA, 1992 IAEA-TECDOC-645 ISSN 1011-4289 Printed by the IAEA in Austria April 1992 FOREWORD e environmentaTh healtd an l h impact f differeno s t energy systems, particularly those associated wit generatioe hth electricityf no emergine ar , significans ga t issuer sfo policy formulation in the coming decades. This, together with the emerging need of many countries to define their energy programmes for the next century, has provided the a renewebasi r fo s d interes e comparativth n i t e risk assessmen f differeno t t energy sources, fossil, nuclear, renewables, in order to account for their effects on health and the environment in decision making as an integral part of energy planning. The IAEA, in co-operation with other international organizations, is strengthening its efforts in comparative health and environmental risk assessment for different energy systems, particularly those associated with electricity generation. Emphasi s beini s g placeco-ordinatioe th n do researcf no filo ht l gap knowledgen si developmene th ) i n o , t of relevant databases, and ii) on improvements to methodological and procedural approaches. This document focuseformae th structurd n o san t databasa f eo r healtefo d han environmental impacts o facilitatt , d providan e e essential a crediblinpu r fo t e comparative risk assessment over the entire cycle of different energy sources for the generatio f electricityno . e documenTh s beeha t n compile e outcomth s a df Technica o e l Committee Meeting IAEse hel th programm s pary s Ait d a b f o t thin ei s field. EDITORIAL NOTE In preparing this material for the press, staff of the International Atomic Energy Agency have mounted paginatedand originalthe manuscripts submittedas authorsthe givenby and some attention presentation.tothe The views expressed in the papers, the statements made and the general style adopted are the responsibility of the named authors. The views do not necessarily reflect those of the governments of the Member States or organizations under whose auspices the manuscripts were produced. The use in this book of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the publisher, the IAEA, as to the legal status of such countries or territories, of their authorities and institutions or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of specific companies or of their products or brand names does not imply any endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. Authors themselvesare responsible obtainingfor necessarythe permission reproduceto copyright material from other sources. This text was compiled before the recent changes in the former Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. CONTENTS INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION .......................................... 7 PART I. STRUCTURE AND FORMAT OF A DATABASE ON HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT DIFFERENF SO T ENERGY SYSTEMS FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION 1. Introduction ...............................................................................................1 1 . 2 Broad requirement database th contexe f th so n ei f comparativ o t e risk assessment for different energy sources ...........................................................................2 1 . 3. Components and contents of the database ........................................................... 15 . 4 Overvie structure th f wo e ..............................................................................5 2 . PAR . HEALTTH ENVIRONMENTAD HAN L IMPACT DIFFERENF SO T ENERGY SOURCES FOR ELECTRICITY GENERATION: POSITION PAPERS ON DATABASE AND ASSOCIATED CONSIDERATIONS Statu f Databaseo s healtn so environmentad han l impact f differeno s t energy systems in some IAEA Member States and International Organizations .................................... 29 Summary of papers ............................................................................................. 33 Comments on energy risk analysis .......................................................................... 39 A.F. Fritzsche Comparative risks of nuclear electricity : A framework for decisions ................................ 57 R.S. Rodliffe Comparative risk assessmen varioufor t s energy systems: Issue reviein s w .......................73 . S. Haddad The need for environmental data in the United Kingdom .............................................. 89 O.E. Betteridge Medical aspect developmene th f so environmentan a f o t l data base taking into account experienc keepinn ei g population related cancer records ...........................................1 9 . W. Mehnert, S. Hähnel Ecological pay-back time for products and energy savings ............................................. 97 P. Hofstetter Assessing and managing health and environmental risks from energy complex industrial systems in the Zagreb area ................................................................................ 101 N. Malbasa, Z. Kisic Energy source Israen i s theid an l r impacnearbe th n yo t population accordin subjectivo gt e and objective approaches ..................................................................................1 12 . A. Tamari Residual fuel usage in Haifa region (Israel): Changes in emissions and their impact on environmental health ........................................................................................ 131 TamariA. EDB flexiblA : e databas r energefo y environmental analysis .........................................1 14 . B. Biewald, Lazarus, HippelM. von D. Development of a database for determination of environmental impacts of energy projects in the Philippines ............................................................................................ 149 A.D.D. Supetran Database concerning environmental impacts of energy generation on the territory of the former German Democratic Republic ...................................................................9 15 . N. Zuppke, M. Grosse IAEA Energy and Economic Databank ..................................................................... 171 International Atomic Energy Agency Description of methodology for calculating historical energy consumption and associated CO2 emissions ................................................................................................ 177 J.F. flocking Preliminary assessment on the environmental and health impacts of nuclear and coal fuel cycles ..............................................................................................7 18 . Yang Yin, Chen Zhuzhou, ZiqiangPan Human health effect f coao s l energy technology ........................................................7 19 . W. Krewin, R. Friedrich Life cycle analysis for the assessment of environmental impacts ..................................... 219 WahlströmB. Environmental manua r powefo l r development ..........................................................3 22 . G. Schörner, R. Schönstein Lis f Participanto t s ............................................................................................7 22 . INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION There is a renewed interest in the application of tools and techniques of comparative risk assessmen plannine th n i t f energgo y mixe r electricitsfo y generation systems and particularly in the integration of health and environmental impacts in the decision making process for such systems. Internationae th 1990n I , l Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) undertoo overaln ka l review of the current status of comparative risk assessment of the health and environmental impacts of different energy sources. Methods and applications of comparative risk assessment wer e subjecth e f importano t t development e latth e n i s 1970 earld san y 1980s. The review indicates that it is essential, for a credible comparison to be made, to have reliable, up-to-date data on health and environmental risks, reflecting the whole rang f risko ed impact an s s ovee entirth r e cycl f differeno e t energy systemd an s technologies. Suc systematiha c database doe t exis no st present a t , although related information is scattered in a number of studies compiled over the past 20 years. The review has also identified several methodological key issues that ought to be resolved: time-dependence th rise th k f yestimateo s given variation technolog n sstati e th en i d yan of technological development of any energy system; the delineation of consistent boundarie comparinr sfo g different energy systems lace appropriatf ;th ko e indicatoro st measure and compare environmental risks; and, variations between geographic regions, countries or group of countries. The outcome of this review was further supported by comprehensiva Issuey eKe s Pape "Comparativn o r e Healt Environmentad han l Effects of Different