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PARTICIPANTS OF THE DARTMOUTH BIOLOGY FSP 2020 FACULTY MATTHEW P. AYRES, MARK LAIDRE, CELIA CHEN LAB COORDINATOR CRAIG D. LAYNE GRADUATE ASSISTANTS MELISSA DESIERVO CLARE DOHERTY UNDERGRADUATES ROBERT N. ALTER ASHLYN J. MORRIS KATHERINE A. AXEL ALEJANDRA C. PREVOST- MAXWELL C. BOND REILLY NATHAN G. GIFFARD SHANNON L. SARTAIN COLTON G. HAYSE BENJAMIN M. SCHELLING REYN A. HUTTEN QUINTIN H. TYREE SARAH L. JENNEWEIN BENJAMIN J. ZDASIUK ELIJAH W. LAIRD VOL. 30 PUBLICATION EDITORS EDITOR: KATHERINE A. AXEL TRADUCCIÓN AL ESPAÑOL: NATHAN G. GIFFARD PHOTO EDITORS: KATHERINE A. AXEL AND QUINTIN H. TYREE i Dartmouth Studies in Tropical Ecology, Vol. 30 (2020) Dartmouth College runs an annual 9-10 week ecological field research program in Costa Rica and the Caribbean. Manuscripts from the research projects in this program have been published in the annual volume “Dartmouth Studies in Tropical Ecology” since 1989. Copies are available online and are hardcopies are held in the Life Sciences Center at Dartmouth College and in the field stations that we visit. Dartmouth faculty from the Department of Biological Sciences, along with two Ph.D. students from Dartmouth’s Ecology and Evolutionary Biology graduate program, advise ca. 15 advanced undergraduate students on this program. The order of authorship on papers is usually alphabetical or haphazard, because all authors contribute equally on projects. For each paper there is a faculty editor (indicated after the author listing), who takes responsibility for defining the revisions, and decides on the acceptability of manuscripts for publication. Graduate student Teaching Assistants are also heavily involved as mentors at every stage, from project design to final manuscript. We thank the Costa Rican Ministry of the Environment and Energy (MINAE) for permission to conduct research in Costa Rica’s eXtraordinary national parks. The Organization for Tropical Studies (OTS/OET) has provided essential support for our program for over 40 years, taking care of most of our logistical needs in Costa Rica, always to high standards of quality and reliability. We thank OTS staff at the Palo Verde and La Selva Biological Stations, and at the Wilson Botanical Garden at Las Cruces, for all their services rendered efficiently, politely and in good spirit. Staff at the Santa Rosa and Corcovado National Parks have also been gracious in accommodating and assisting us. We thank Carlos Solano at the Cuerici Biological Station for his depth of knowledge and inspiration. We are grateful to the staff of the Monteverde Biological Station for access to their facilities, and for making us so comfortable when we arrive late, dirty, hungry and tired from Santa Rosa. On Little Cayman Island, the Little Cayman Research Center (LCRC), operated by the Central Caribbean Marine Institute, is our base for the entire coral reef ecology segment of the program. EXpert LCRC staff run the lab, provide accommodations and food, operate research vessels and take care of SCUBA diving logistics and safety. On the Dartmouth campus, the Off Campus Programs Office, under the Associate Dean of International and Interdisciplinary Studies, deals with administration and emergency services and provides an essential lifeline to remote locations in rare times of need. We are grateful for the generous financial support of the Biology Foreign Studies Program from Dorothy Hobbs Kroenlein. If you have questions about this volume or the program, contact the Biological Sciences Department at Dartmouth College, Hanover New Hampshire, USA. Currently, the Biology Foreign Studies Program Director is Matthew Ayres at [email protected] and the administrative assistant is Sherry L. Finnemore, [email protected]. Matt Ayres Hanover NH, USA 28 Dec 2020 ii La Universidad de Dartmouth: Ecología tropical 2020 Inicio: 06/01/2020 Final: 17/02/2020 Como parte de los esfuerzos de la Universidad de Dartmouth, ubicada en Nuevo Hampshire (EEUU), por brindar una educación amplia en el campo de las ciencias biológicas, el departamento de Ciencias Biológicas diseñó el curso de Biología Tropical. Este curso se ha ofrecido y llevado a cabo en Costa Rica cada año desde 1977 auspiciado por la Organización para Estudios Tropicales (OET). El curso es dirigido a estudiantes de la universidad (estudiantes no graduados) y enfatiza la aplicación del método científico, probando hipótesis que los estudiantes deben generar. Asimismo, el curso expone a los estudiantes a los retos que enfrentan los ecosistemas tropicales como consecuencia de actividades antropogénicas. El curso de biología tropical de la Universidad de Dartmouth toma como modelo los programas a nivel graduado ofrecidos por la OET (Biología tropical: un enfoque ecológico) ofreciendo una introducción a los principales temas de la biología tropical. El curso introduce a los estudiantes a los sistemas ecológicos tropicales y les enseña los métodos usados para llevar a cabo investigaciones ecológicas. Durante el programa, los estudiantes visitan los principales sistemas tropicales incluyendo el bosque tropical seco, nuboso, y húmedo, además de humedales y ecosistemas de manglar. Entre los objetivos del curso es que los estudiantes aprendan las principales características de estos ecosistemas, así como la ecología, biología e historia natural de los organismos encontrados en ellos. Adicionalmente, los estudiantes llevan a cabo una serie de proyectos cortos (de dos o tres días). Basándose principalmente en sus propias observaciones los estudiantes plantean preguntas, diseñan estudios de campo para tratar de contestar sus preguntas y recogen los datos. Este proceso es seguido por un análisis de datos y la preparación de un informe con formato de artículo científico sobre el proyecto. Los estudiantes deberán además realizar una presentación oral ante sus compañeros y profesores. En cinco de las localidades visitadas (Barro Colorado, Estación Biológica La Selva, Estación Biológica Monteverde, Estación Biológica Palo Verde, y El Campanario en la Península de Osa), bajo la supervisión de un(a) profesor(a) de Dartmouth y dos asistentes, los estudiantes diseñan y llevan a cabo un proyecto de investigación corto (de 2-4 días). El proyecto se diseña cuando estén en Costa Rica en base a las observaciones y el interés del estudiante. Todos los proyectos de investigación deben incluir hipótesis informadas, lógicas e interesantes y metodologías sólidas para testar la hipótesis. Ningún proyecto puede comprometer la integridad de las comunidades bióticas o ecosistemas. Todos los proyectos son consultados con la autoridad local competente (ej. personal de la OET) para asegurarnos de que no existen impactos biológicos. La mayoría de los proyectos se basan en observaciones no intrusivas de la conducta, abundancia y distribución por lo que no implican coger o manipular organismos. Algunos proyectos podrían implicar colectar material biológico tal y como se describió en el documento principal. A continuación, están el programa del curso, los participantes, y los títulos y abstractos de los proyectos llevados a cabo durante el invierno de 2020. iii El programa 2020 Lugar Inicio Final La isla de Barro Colorado, Panamá 6/01/2020 14/01/2020 San José, Costa Rica 14/01/2020 16/01/2020 La Estación Biológica La Selva 16/01/2020 22/01/2020 La Estación Biológica Monteverde 22/01/2020 28/01/2020 Play Naranjo en el Parque Nacional Santa Rosa 28/01/2020 30/01/2020 Estación Biológica Palo Verde 30/01/2020 05/02/2020 El Campanario en la Península de Osa 05/02/2020 12/02/2020 La Estación Biológica Las Cruces 12/02/2020 17/02/2020 Los participantes 2020 Nombre Profesión Matthew Ayres Profesor Celia Chen Profesor Mark Laidre Profesor Melissa DeSiervo Asistente al profesor(a) Clare Doherty Asistente al profesor(a) Robert Alter Estudiante Katherine Axel Estudiante Maxwell Bond Estudiante Nathan Giffard Estudiante Colton Hayse Estudiante Reyn Hutton Estudiante Sarah Jennewein Estudiante Elijah Laird Estudiante Ashlyn Morris Estudiante Alejandra Prevost-Reilly Estudiante Shannon Sartain Estudiante Benjamin Schelling Estudiante Quintin Tyree Estudiante Benjamin Zdasiuk Estudiante iv Table of Contents Participants of the 2020 FSP i Note from Professor Ayres ii Central America 2020 Schedule vi Little Cayman 2020 Schedule vii Papers for Student Presentations in Central America ix Papers for Student Presentations in Little Cayman x Maps xi v CENTRAL AMERICA 2020 SCHEDULE Bio FSP 2020. Detailed schedule for Panama and Costa Rica. 2-Jan-19 Date Day Location Morning Afternoon Evening 6-Jan Mon To Panama City Travel Travel Arrive in evening Orientation. Tropical ecology research 7-Jan To BCI Travel. Bus 0900. Boat 1330. Nightwalk (ML). Lec: Local katydid research (HtH, CK). Research tactics: good questions, strong 8-Jan On BCI Orientation (guided hike) ORP-1 project development and proposals inference, and field notebooks (ML) Lec: Evol of cooperation & social insects 9-Jan On BCI ORP-1 research Basic stats intro (ML, CD, and MD) (ML). Student paper: Living bridges in army ants (AP-R) 10-Jan On BCI ORP-1 research Writing lab (ML) ORP-1 research Lec: Avian cooperative breeding (CD). 11-Jan On BCI ORP-1 research Plant lab (MD). ORP-1 research Student paper: Cooperation and parasitism in anis (BZ) 12-Jan Sun On BCI Data handling. ORP-1 analyses. ORP-1 analyses and context ORP-1 symposium 13-Jan On BCI ORP-1 writing ORP-1 v1 due. Evening on Porch 14-Jan To San Jose Travel Travel Exploration 15-Jan In San Jose OTS, Program overview Museum. San Jose exploration Group dinner in SJ 16-Jan To La Selva Travel Orientation Nightwalk Lec: Primate cognition (ML). Student 17-Jan At La Selva Orientation (guided hike) ORP-2 project development and proposals paper: Triadic awareness in capuchins (EL) Lec: Diversity and coexistence (MD). 18-Jan At La Selva ORP-2 research ORP-2 research Student paper: birds and seeds (RH) Lec: Animal communication (CD). Student 19-Jan Sun At La Selva ORP-2 research Vert practicum (CD). ORP-2 research paper: Mating signals in túngara frogs (BS) 20-Jan At La Selva ORP-2 research ORP-2 research ORP-2 research 21-Jan At La Selva ORP-2 research ORP-2 analyses, context, and draft ms ORP-2 symposium.
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    2010 THE THREAT TO BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION OF PROPOSED HYDROELECTRIC DAMS IN THE LA AMISTAD WORLD HERITAGE SITE, PANAMA AND COSTA RICA. Dr. William O. McLarney Lic. Maribel Mafla H Lic. Ana María Arias Lic. Danielle Bouchonnet 0 THE THREAT TO BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM FUNCTION IN THE LA AMISTAD WORLD HERITAGE SITE, PANAMA AND COSTA RICA, FROM PROPOSED HYDROELECTRIC DAMS A follow-up to McLarney and Mafla (2007): Probable Effects on Aquatic Biodiversity and Ecosystem Function of Four Proposed Hydroelectric Dams in the Changuinola/Teribe Watershed, Bocas del Toro, Panama, with Emphasis on Effects Within the La Amistad World Heritage Site With consideration also of La Amistad/Costa Rica and the Pacific Slope of La Amistad. Dr. William O. McLarney Lic. Maribel Mafla H. Lic. Ana Maria Arias Lic. Danielle Bouchonnet Programa de Biomonitoreo Asociación ANAI Contact Information: Asociación ANAI (Costa Rica): ANAI, Inc. (United States): Apdo. 170-2070 1120 Meadows Rd. Sabanilla de Montes de Oca Franklin, North Carolina 28734 Costa Rica, C.A. USA Phone: (506) 2224-3570 Phone/fax: (828) 524-8369 (506) 2756-8120 E-mail: [email protected] Fax: (506) 2253-7524 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Respectfully submitted to: UNESCO World Heritage Committee February, 2010 1 Table of Contents EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 5 RESUMEN EJECUTIVO 8 INTRODUCTION 11 DAMS AS BARRIERS, AND THE IMPORTANCE OF DIADROMY 13 EFFECTS OF DAMS ON DIADROMOUS ANIMALS IN MESOAMERICA AND THE CARIBBEAN 17 EVENTS SINCE 2008 19 1. Social, Political and Legal Events: 19 Panama-Atlantic slope: 19 Panama-Pacific slope: 19 Costa Rica-Pacific slope: 20 Costa Rica-Atlantic slope: 20 2.
  • The Fishery and Ecology of Cittarium Pica in the West Indies

    The Fishery and Ecology of Cittarium Pica in the West Indies

    University of Rhode Island DigitalCommons@URI Open Access Dissertations 2016 The Fishery and Ecology of Cittarium pica in the West Indies Reuban James-Allen MacFarlan University of Rhode Island, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss Recommended Citation MacFarlan, Reuban James-Allen, "The Fishery and Ecology of Cittarium pica in the West Indies" (2016). Open Access Dissertations. Paper 484. https://digitalcommons.uri.edu/oa_diss/484 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by DigitalCommons@URI. It has been accepted for inclusion in Open Access Dissertations by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@URI. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE FISHERY AND ECOLOGY OF CITTARIUM PICA IN THE WEST INDIES BY REUBEN JAMES-ALLEN MACFARLAN A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN BIOLOGICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES UNIVERSITY OF RHODE ISLAND 2016 DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY OF REUBEN JAMES-ALLEN MACFARLAN APPROVED: Dissertation Committee: Major Professor Graham E. Forrester Carlos Garcia-Quijano Peter V. August Nasser H. Zawia DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL i ABSTRACT Cittarium pica, the West Indian Top Shell or “whelk,” is an understudied but culturally and ecologically important intertidal gastropod in the Caribbean. The species faces overexploitation and possible extirpation in much of its range due to a confluence of factors including life-history traits, a diffuse artisanal fishery, and lack of basic scientific knowledge. The undocumented, unregulated, and unreported nature of artisanal and small-scale commercial harvesting of this species renders its study quite different from that of other more recognizable species such as conch or spiny lobster.
  • A Phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and Other Archaeogastropods

    A Phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and Other Archaeogastropods

    Invertebrate Biology 129(3): 220–240. r 2010, The Authors Journal compilation r 2010, The American Microscopical Society, Inc. DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-7410.2010.00198.x A phylogeny of Vetigastropoda and other ‘‘archaeogastropods’’: re-organizing old gastropod clades Stephanie W. Aktipisa and Gonzalo Giribet Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA Abstract. The phylogenetic relationships among the ‘‘archaeogastropod’’ clades Patellogastro- poda, Vetigastropoda, Neritimorpha, and Neomphalina are uncertain; the phylogenetic place- ment of these clades varies across different analyses, and particularly among those using morphological characteristics and those relying on molecular data. This study explores the re- lationships among these groups using a combined analysis with seven molecular loci (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, 16S rRNA, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I [COI], myosin heavy-chain type II, and elongation factor-1a [EF-1a]) sequenced for 31 ingroup taxa and eight outgroup taxa. The deep evolutionary splits among these groups have made resolution of stable relationships difficult, and so EF-1a and myosin are used in an attempt to re-examine these ancient radiation events. Three phylogenetic analyses were performed utilizing all seven genes: a single-step direct optimization analysis using parsimony, and two-step approaches using par- simony and maximum likelihood. A single-step direct optimization parsimony analysis was also performed using only five molecular loci (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA, histone H3, 16S rRNA, and COI) in order to determine the utility of EF-1a and myosin in resolving deep relationships. In the likelihood and POY optimal phylogenetic analyses, Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda, Neritimorpha, Neomphalina, and Patellogastropoda were monophyletic.
  • 4. the Zonation of Rocky Littoral Areas Around Little Cayman

    4. the Zonation of Rocky Littoral Areas Around Little Cayman

    4. THE ZONATION OF ROCKY LITTORAL AREAS AROUND LITTLE CAYMAN G.W. Potts Abstract The distribution of the rocky littoral fauna at sites representing different degrees of exposure were examined around Little Cayman, It was found that the molluscan species composition, species morphology and vertical distribution was affected by the exposure of a particular site. Introduction During July and Augusc 1975 the Royal Society and Cayman Island Government supported an expedition to Little Cayman where aspects of the ecology of the island were studied. The Cayman Islands (between 1g015'N and 19O45'N latitude and 7g044' and 81°27'W longitude) are composed of three limestone islands which are formed by the projecting peaks of a range of submarine mountains that form the Cayman Ridge to the north west of Jamaica. According to Matley (1926) the central part of each island is comprised of an old "Bluff Limestone" while the periphery is made up of a mixture of coral sand, marl, and elevated limestone reef which has been weachered to form what is called the "Ironshore formation" (Doran i954, Idyll, 19663. The limestone shore is extensively eroded by the action of rain, the sea, and also the grazing action of some littoral molluscs and the abrasive action of the shells or spines of some species of mollusc and echinoderm, as described by Ginsburg (1953) for the Florida Keys region. It was this rock that was examined in the present work on littoral zonation. The Cayman Islands are particularly interesting because they form a discrete island unit lying in deep water midway between Jamaica, Cuba and the northern coast of South America and yet there have been few studies specifically relating to the littoral region to these islands.