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A Review on Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (PHY and MAC Layer Perspectives)

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A Review on Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (PHY and MAC Layer Perspectives) Journal of Computer Science Review A Review on Ultra Reliable and Low Latency Communications (PHY and MAC Layer Perspectives) Prinu Chacko Philip and Mohammed Abdel-Hafez Department of Electrical Engineering, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, Abu Dhabi, UAE Article history Abstract: Fifth Generation (5G) wireless network plays major attention in Received: 17-06-2020 the communication scenario due to the advanced features in data Revised: 20-07-2020 transmission. 5G is designed to overcome the issues, such as data rate, Accepted: 05-08-2020 reliability, throughput, latency and capacity in the wireless network Corresponding Author: domains. The 5G wireless services aim to increase the data rate through Prinu Chacko Philip massive communication services. In this survey, well known research Department of Electrical papers based on low latency communication at the Physical layer (PHY) Engineering, United Arab and Medium Access Control layer (MAC) are reviewed based on the Ultra- Emirates University, Al Ain, Reliable Low Latency Communication (URLLC) perspective. Here, the Abu Dhabi, UAE communication techniques are categorized as, structure-based model, Email: [email protected] resource reuse-based techniques, radio resource management techniques, scheduling based approach, diversity-based techniques and network slicing model based on the purpose of data communication. The issues and challenges faced by the existing research works are reviewed and discussed in the research gaps and issues section. Moreover, the analysis carried out in this survey is based on the evaluation parameters, network layer, network parameters, system, purpose and simulation toolsets. The future work of the URLLC research is based on the issues collected from the recent research papers reviewed in this study. Keywords: Network Slicing, Cellular Network, Medium Access Control, Wireless Communication, Mobility Management Introduction 2016). However, the 5G network consists of a Heterogeneous Network (HetNet). In 5G small cells, the 5G technology is designed using various capacity of the network is computed to support the requirements from the industrial and social sectors, supermassive connection and large traffic through where wireless technology enables the variety of diverse mmWave technology (Liang et al., 2016). 5G cellular use cases and applications, which in turn pave the way network provides better throughput and reduced the for business models. These requirements are highly transfer latency in the communication systems. 5G demanding in wireless technology (Colazzo et al., 2016). requires a better data rate in video streaming and low The 5G system will not only enhance the data rate but latency in the vehicle to vehicle transportation to ensure also meet the demands for services from industrial transportation safety (Huang et al., 2017). Network verticals. The network services have various needs such slicing is one of the key components in 5G wireless as network performance, like communication reliability, systems, where the major objective is to design the channel utilization, throughput and latency access network architecture to support the Internet of Things (Ksentini et al., 2018). 5G network encompasses fixed- (IoT) and massive Machine-Type Communications mobile convergence with the connectivity speed in the (mMTC), enhanced Mobile Broadband services (eMBB) multi-tenancy infrastructure. Integrating the diverse and applications and URLLC communications. Besides technologies with single network architecture using the the human-oriented smart devices, the 5G systems network functions poses technology challenges in terms of include vehicles, actuators and sensors to support more scalability, energy efficiency and security (Siddiqui et al., than 50 use case scenarios (Ksentini and Nikaein, 2017). © 2020 Prinu Chacko Philip and Mohammed Abdel-Hafez. This open access article is distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution (CC-BY) 3.0 license. Prinu Chacko Philip and Mohammed Abdel-Hafez / Journal of Computer Science 2020, 16 (8): 1100.1114 DOI: 10.3844/jcssp.2020.1100.1114 However, network slicing is envisioned to create the the latency, bandwidth utilization and increased network instances, which helps to share the network performance in the 5G system. infrastructure and guarantees the requirements in This paper is organized as follows: Section 1 heterogeneous networks (Ksentini et al., 2018). URLLC discusses the introduction and section 2 presents the is envisioned to support the automotive industry motivation of the survey. Section 3 focusses on the services, like industry 4.0, vehicular networks, vertical related works while section 4 presents the research gaps industries such as smart grid, intelligent transport and and issues. Section 5 elaborates the analysis of various smart home environment and other services, namely factors and finally, section 6 concludes the paper. tactile internet and cloud robotics. All the network services need low latency access in the communication Motivation scenario (Ksentini et al., 2018). The millimeter-Wave (mmWave) communication captured significant attention The 5G networks render three specific key services, enhanced Mobile Broadband communication in both academia and industry, as it poses large scale (eMBB) services, massive Machine Type antennas and wide bandwidth availability. However, Communication (mMTC) based services and Ultra mmWave backhaul is one of the important technologies Reliable Low Latency Communications (URLLC) used in 5G network, which is formed by combining the based services. Here, various techniques, such as HetNet with mmWave communication. It is widely used scheduling, network slicing, resource reuse based to transfer heavy traffic to the internet (Liang et al., model and radio resource management are introduced 2016). This survey is focused on reviewing various low to provide efficient communication with low latency latency 5G communication techniques at PHY, MAC and high reliability in PHY/MAC layers. However, and cross-layer aspects. Categorizing the considered the challenges associated with these techniques research papers into five groups such as network slicing, motivate the researchers to design a new model for 5G scheduling, modulation, spectrum sensing and frame communication networks. structure. The paper provides a common review of trends observed in the 5G research considering various aspects of communication techniques used in 5G. This survey Related Works will help the researchers to get an insight into the trends This section elaborates on the communication observed in the various communication techniques in methods for 5G network from various existing research 5G. Also this work focusses on clearly mentioning the papers. Moreover, the categorization of the approach used by other researchers considered in this communication techniques is represented in Fig. 1. study and shows how it becomes beneficial in improving 5G communication techniques Structure base Resource Scheduling Diversity based Radio resource Network slicing communication reuse based based technique technique management technique technique technique technique Commonly used Commonly Commonly used Commonly used Commonly used Commonly approaches: used approaches: approaches: approaches: used approaches: approaches: - MAC layer - MAC - Coding and - Adaptive radio protocol based - Based on scheduling modulation link control - Network on reducing cross layer model schemes protocol slicing model latency and PHY and - Cross layer - Energy - Radio access for 5G optimum band MAC layer resource efficient network based communication width utilization protocols allocation model modulation architecture system - Modeling 5G schemes - Network frame structure - Power aware slicing model - QoS aware MAC protocol for radio access MAC scheduler network - Network slicing based resource management model Fig. 1: Categorization of 5G communication techniques 1101 Prinu Chacko Philip and Mohammed Abdel-Hafez / Journal of Computer Science 2020, 16 (8): 1100.1114 DOI: 10.3844/jcssp.2020.1100.1114 Structure-Based Communication Techniques (2010) modeled an energy-efficient and low latency MAC protocol for data transmission in a multi-hop network. It The research papers based on structure-based attained better energy efficiency and lower latency. Here, communication techniques for 5G wireless communication the routing information was used to alter the format of the are discussed below: (Zhang et al., 2019) developed a joint controlling frame. It utilized the carrier listening bandwidth and latency constrained grouping algorithm to technology to involve the neighboring nodes to accomplish generate the network unit group for various network slice the process of multi-hop delivery. Zafar and Khan (2017) environment. It effectively provided support for latency developed a multi cluster-based communication protocol in optimization and bandwidth resource. The network unit the network management to reduce the communication group meets the requirements of network services to cost. It optimized the network performance by exploiting ensure bandwidth utilization. Based on the requirements low power and low complexity in the intra-cluster and of latency, the pooling cycle was shortened and reduced inter-cluster communication. Here, both the beaconless which leads to increase the coverage or reduce the burst and beacon-enabled modes were investigated using the transmission. The network model was validated only time division multiple
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