Low Latency Audio Processing
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THINC: a Virtual and Remote Display Architecture for Desktop Computing and Mobile Devices
THINC: A Virtual and Remote Display Architecture for Desktop Computing and Mobile Devices Ricardo A. Baratto Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY 2011 c 2011 Ricardo A. Baratto This work may be used in accordance with Creative Commons, Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License. For more information about that license, see http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/3.0/. For other uses, please contact the author. ABSTRACT THINC: A Virtual and Remote Display Architecture for Desktop Computing and Mobile Devices Ricardo A. Baratto THINC is a new virtual and remote display architecture for desktop computing. It has been designed to address the limitations and performance shortcomings of existing remote display technology, and to provide a building block around which novel desktop architectures can be built. THINC is architected around the notion of a virtual display device driver, a software-only component that behaves like a traditional device driver, but instead of managing specific hardware, enables desktop input and output to be intercepted, manipulated, and redirected at will. On top of this architecture, THINC introduces a simple, low-level, device-independent representation of display changes, and a number of novel optimizations and techniques to perform efficient interception and redirection of display output. This dissertation presents the design and implementation of THINC. It also intro- duces a number of novel systems which build upon THINC's architecture to provide new and improved desktop computing services. The contributions of this dissertation are as follows: • A high performance remote display system for LAN and WAN environments. -
Middleware in Action 2007
Technology Assessment from Ken North Computing, LLC Middleware in Action Industrial Strength Data Access May 2007 Middleware in Action: Industrial Strength Data Access Table of Contents 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................. 2 Mature Technology .........................................................................................................3 Scalability, Interoperability, High Availability ...................................................................5 Components, XML and Services-Oriented Architecture..................................................6 Best-of-Breed Middleware...............................................................................................7 Pay Now or Pay Later .....................................................................................................7 2.0 Architectures for Distributed Computing.................................................................. 8 2.1 Leveraging Infrastructure ........................................................................................ 8 2.2 Multi-Tier, N-Tier Architecture ................................................................................. 9 2.3 Persistence, Client-Server Databases, Distributed Data ....................................... 10 Client-Server SQL Processing ......................................................................................10 Client Libraries .............................................................................................................. -
Transition to Digital Digital Handbook
TRANSITION TO DIGITAL DIGITAL HANDBOOK Audio's video issues tion within one audio sample, the channels of audio over a fiber-optic in- There can be advantages to locking preambles present a unique sequence terface. This has since been superseded the audio and video clocks, such as for (which violate the Biphase Markby AES 10 (or MADI, Multichannel editing, especially when the audio and Code) but nonetheless are DC -freeAudio Digital Interface), which sup- video programs are related. Althoughand provide clock recovery. ports serial digital transmission of 28, digital audio equipment may provide 56, or 64 channels over coaxial cable or an analog video input, it is usually bet- Like AES3, but not fiber-optic lines, with sampling rates ter to synchronize both the audio and A consumer version of AES3 -of up to 96kHz and resolution of up to the video to a single higher -frequencycalled S/PDIF, for Sony/Philips Digi-24 bits per channel. The link to the IT source, such as a 10MHz master refer-tal Interface Format (more formallyworld has also been established with ence. This is because the former solu- known as IEC 958 type II, part of IEC- AES47, which specifies a method for tion requires a synchronization circuit60958) - is also widely used. Essen- packing AES3 streams over Asynchro- that will introduce some jitter into thetially identical to AES3 at the protocol nous Transfer Mode (ATM) networks. signal, especially because the video it- level, the interface uses consumer - It's also worth mentioning Musical self may already have some jitter. To ac- friendly RCA jacks and coaxial cable.Instrument Digital Interface (MIDI) for broadcast operations. -
Latency and Throughput Optimization in Modern Networks: a Comprehensive Survey Amir Mirzaeinnia, Mehdi Mirzaeinia, and Abdelmounaam Rezgui
READY TO SUBMIT TO IEEE COMMUNICATIONS SURVEYS & TUTORIALS JOURNAL 1 Latency and Throughput Optimization in Modern Networks: A Comprehensive Survey Amir Mirzaeinnia, Mehdi Mirzaeinia, and Abdelmounaam Rezgui Abstract—Modern applications are highly sensitive to com- On one hand every user likes to send and receive their munication delays and throughput. This paper surveys major data as quickly as possible. On the other hand the network attempts on reducing latency and increasing the throughput. infrastructure that connects users has limited capacities and These methods are surveyed on different networks and surrond- ings such as wired networks, wireless networks, application layer these are usually shared among users. There are some tech- transport control, Remote Direct Memory Access, and machine nologies that dedicate their resources to some users but they learning based transport control, are not very much commonly used. The reason is that although Index Terms—Rate and Congestion Control , Internet, Data dedicated resources are more secure they are more expensive Center, 5G, Cellular Networks, Remote Direct Memory Access, to implement. Sharing a physical channel among multiple Named Data Network, Machine Learning transmitters needs a technique to control their rate in proper time. The very first congestion network collapse was observed and reported by Van Jacobson in 1986. This caused about a I. INTRODUCTION thousand time rate reduction from 32kbps to 40bps [3] which Recent applications such as Virtual Reality (VR), au- is about a thousand times rate reduction. Since then very tonomous cars or aerial vehicles, and telehealth need high different variations of the Transport Control Protocol (TCP) throughput and low latency communication. -
Tizen 2.4 Compliance Specification for Mobile Profile
Tizen® 2.4 Compliance Specification for Mobile Profile Version 1.0 Copyright© 2014, 2015 Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. Copyright© 2014, 2015 Intel Corporation Linux is a registered trademark of Linus Torvalds. Tizen® is a registered trademark of The Linux Foundation. ARM is a registered trademark of ARM Holdings Plc. Intel® is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation in the U.S. and/or other countries * Other names and brands may be claimed as the property of others. Revision History Revision Date Author Reason for Changes Tizen 2.2.1 Compliance Specification for 11 Nov. 2013 Tizen TSG Official release Mobile Profile, v1.0 Tizen 2.3 Compliance Specification for 14 Nov 2014 Tizen TSG Official release Mobile Profile, 1.0 Tizen 2.3.1 Compliance Specification for 22 Sep 2015 Tizen TSG Official release Mobile Profile, 1.0 Tizen 2.4 Compliance Specification for 22 Oct 2015 Tizen TSG Official release Mobile Profile, 1.0 Glossary Term Definition Application Binary Interface, the runtime interface between a binary software ABI program and the underlying operating system. Application Programming Interface, the interface between software API components, including methods, data structures and processes. Compliance Certified for full conformance, which was verified by testing. Conformance How well the implementation follows a specification. Cascading Style Sheets, a simple mechanism for adding style such as fonts, CSS colors, and spacing to web documents. Document Object Model, a platform and language-neutral interface that will DOM allow programs and scripts to dynamically access and update the content, structure and style of documents. DTV Digital Television, a target of the TV Profile. -
The Following Documentation Is an Electronically‐ Submitted
The following documentation is an electronically‐ submitted vendor response to an advertised solicitation from the West Virginia Purchasing Bulletin within the Vendor Self‐Service portal at wvOASIS.gov. As part of the State of West Virginia’s procurement process, and to maintain the transparency of the bid‐opening process, this documentation submitted online is publicly posted by the West Virginia Purchasing Division at WVPurchasing.gov with any other vendor responses to this solicitation submitted to the Purchasing Division in hard copy format. Purchasing Division State of West Virginia 2019 Washington Street East Solicitation Response Post Office Box 50130 Charleston, WV 25305-0130 Proc Folder : 702868 Solicitation Description : Addendum No 2 Supplemental Staffing for Microsoft Applicatio Proc Type : Central Contract - Fixed Amt Date issued Solicitation Closes Solicitation Response Version 2020-06-10 SR 1300 ESR06012000000007118 1 13:30:00 VENDOR VS0000022405 TeXCloud Solutions, Inc Solicitation Number: CRFQ 1300 STO2000000002 Total Bid : $325,000.00 Response Date: 2020-06-10 Response Time: 11:31:14 Comments: FOR INFORMATION CONTACT THE BUYER Melissa Pettrey (304) 558-0094 [email protected] Signature on File FEIN # DATE All offers subject to all terms and conditions contained in this solicitation Page : 1 FORM ID : WV-PRC-SR-001 Line Comm Ln Desc Qty Unit Issue Unit Price Ln Total Or Contract Amount 1 Temporary information technology 2000.00000 HOUR $65.000000 $130,000.00 software developers Comm Code Manufacturer Specification Model # 80111608 Extended Description : Year 1 / Individual 1 2 Temporary information technology 2000.00000 HOUR $65.000000 $130,000.00 software developers 80111608 Year 1 / Individual 2 3 Temporary information technology 500.00000 HOUR $65.000000 $32,500.00 software developers 80111608 Three (3) Month Renewal Option Individual 1 4 Temporary information technology 500.00000 HOUR $65.000000 $32,500.00 software developers 80111608 Three (3) Month Renewal Option Individual 2 Page : 2 TeXCloud Solutions, Inc. -
Measuring Latency Variation in the Internet
Measuring Latency Variation in the Internet Toke Høiland-Jørgensen Bengt Ahlgren Per Hurtig Dept of Computer Science SICS Dept of Computer Science Karlstad University, Sweden Box 1263, 164 29 Kista Karlstad University, Sweden toke.hoiland- Sweden [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] Anna Brunstrom Dept of Computer Science Karlstad University, Sweden [email protected] ABSTRACT 1. INTRODUCTION We analyse two complementary datasets to quantify the la- As applications turn ever more interactive, network la- tency variation experienced by internet end-users: (i) a large- tency plays an increasingly important role for their perfor- scale active measurement dataset (from the Measurement mance. The end-goal is to get as close as possible to the Lab Network Diagnostic Tool) which shed light on long- physical limitations of the speed of light [25]. However, to- term trends and regional differences; and (ii) passive mea- day the latency of internet connections is often larger than it surement data from an access aggregation link which is used needs to be. In this work we set out to quantify how much. to analyse the edge links closest to the user. Having this information available is important to guide work The analysis shows that variation in latency is both com- that sets out to improve the latency behaviour of the inter- mon and of significant magnitude, with two thirds of sam- net; and for authors of latency-sensitive applications (such ples exceeding 100 ms of variation. The variation is seen as Voice over IP, or even many web applications) that seek within single connections as well as between connections to to predict the performance they can expect from the network. -
The Effects of Latency on Player Performance and Experience in A
The Effects of Latency on Player Performance and Experience in a Cloud Gaming System Robert Dabrowski, Christian Manuel, Robert Smieja May 7, 2014 An Interactive Qualifying Project Report: submitted to the Faculty of the WORCESTER POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Science Approved by: Professor Mark Claypool, Advisor Professor David Finkel, Advisor This report represents the work of three WPI undergraduate students submitted to the faculty as evidence of completion of a degree requirement. WPI routinely publishes these reports on its web site without editorial or peer review. Abstract Due to the increasing popularity of thin client systems for gaming, it is important to un- derstand the effects of different network conditions on users. This paper describes our experiments to determine the effects of latency on player performance and quality of expe- rience (QoE). For our experiments, we collected player scores and subjective ratings from users as they played short game sessions with different amounts of additional latency. We found that QoE ratings and player scores decrease linearly as latency is added. For ev- ery 100 ms of added latency, players reduced their QoE ratings by 14% on average. This information may provide insight to game designers and network engineers on how latency affects the users, allowing them to optimize their systems while understanding the effects on their clients. This experiment design should also prove useful to thin client researchers looking to conduct user studies while controlling not only latency, but also other network conditions like packet loss. Contents 1 Introduction 1 2 Background Research 4 2.1 Thin Client Technology . -
Calrec Network Primer V2
CALREC NETWORK PRIMER V2 Introduction to professional audio networks - 2017 edition Putting Sound in the Picture calrec.com NETWORK PRIMER V2 CONTENTS Forward 5 Introduction 7 Chapter One: The benefits of networking 11 Chapter Two: Some technical background 19 Chapter Three: Routes to interoperability 23 Chapter Four: Control, sync and metadata over IP 27 The established policy of Calrec Audio Ltd. is to seek improvements to the design, specifications and manufacture of all products. It is not always possible to provide notice outside the company of the alterations that take place continually. No part of this manual may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, Despite considerable effort to produce up to electronic or mechanical, including photocopying date information, no literature published by and scanning, for any purpose, without the prior the company nor any other material that may written consent of Calrec Audio Ltd. be provided should be regarded as an infallible Calrec Audio Ltd guide to the specifications available nor does Nutclough Mill Whilst the Company ensures that all details in this it constitute an offer for sale of any particular Hebden Bridge document are correct at the time of publication, product. West Yorkshire we reserve the right to alter specifications and England UK equipment without notice. Any changes we make Apollo, Artemis, Summa, Brio, Hydra Audio HX7 8EZ will be reflected in subsequent issues of this Networking, RP1 and Bluefin High Density Signal document. The latest version will be available Processing are registered trade marks of Calrec Tel: +44 (0)1422 842159 upon request. -
Developments in Audio Networking Protocols By: Mel Lambert
TECHNICAL FOCUS: SOUND Copyright Lighting&Sound America November 2014 http://www.lightingandsoundamerica.com/LSA.html Developments in Audio Networking Protocols By: Mel Lambert It’s an enviable dream: the ability to prominent of these current offerings, ular protocol and the basis for connect any piece of audio equip- with an emphasis on their applicability Internet-based systems: IP, the ment to other system components within live sound environments. Internet protocol, handles the and seamlessly transfer digital materi- exchange of data between routers al in real time from one device to OSI layer-based model for using unique IP addresses that can another using the long-predicted con- AV networks hence select paths for network traffic; vergence between AV and IT. And To understand how AV networks while TCP ensures that the data is with recent developments in open work, it is worth briefly reviewing the transmitted reliably and without industry standards and plug-and-play OSI layer-based model, which divides errors. Popular Ethernet-based proto- operability available from several well- protocols into a number of smaller cols are covered by a series of IEEE advanced proprietary systems, that elements that accomplish a specific 802.3 standards running at a variety dream is fast becoming a reality. sub-task, and interact with one of data-transfer speeds and media, Beyond relaying digital-format signals another in specific, carefully defined including familiar CAT-5/6 copper and via conventional AES/EBU two-chan- ways. Layering allows the parts of a fiber-optic cables. nel and MADI-format multichannel protocol to be designed and tested All AV networking involves two pri- connections—which requires dedicat- more easily, simplifying each design mary roles: control, including configur- ed, wired links—system operators are stage. -
Improving Mobile IP Handover Latency on End-To-End TCP in UMTS/WCDMA Networks
Improving Mobile IP Handover Latency on End-to-End TCP in UMTS/WCDMA Networks Chee Kong LAU A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Engineering (Research) in Electrical Engineering School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications The University of New South Wales March, 2006 CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY I hereby declare that this submission is my own work and to the best of my knowledge it contains no materials previously published or written by another person, nor material which to a substantial extent has been accepted for the award of any other degree or diploma at UNSW or any other educational institution, except where due acknowledgement is made in the thesis. Any contribution made to the research by others, with whom I have worked at UNSW or elsewhere, is explicitly acknowledged in the thesis. I also declare that the intellectual content of this thesis is the product of my own work, except to the extent that assistance from others in the project's design and conception or in style, presentation and linguistic expression is acknowledged. (Signed)_________________________________ i Dedication To: My girl-friend (Jeslyn) for her love and caring, my parents for their endurance, and to my friends and colleagues for their understanding; because while doing this thesis project I did not manage to accompany them. And Lord Buddha for His great wisdom and compassion, and showing me the actual path to liberation. For this, I take refuge in the Buddha, the Dharma, and the Sangha. ii Acknowledgement There are too many people for their dedications and contributions to make this thesis work a reality; without whom some of the contents of this thesis would not have been realised. -
Evaluating the Latency Impact of Ipv6 on a High Frequency Trading System
Evaluating the Latency Impact of IPv6 on a High Frequency Trading System Nereus Lobo, Vaibhav Malik, Chris Donnally, Seth Jahne, Harshil Jhaveri [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] A capstone paper submitted as partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Masters in Interdisciplinary Telecommunications at the University of Colorado, Boulder, 4 May 2012. Project directed by Dr. Pieter Poll and Professor Andrew Crain. 1 Introduction Employing latency-dependent strategies, financial trading firms rely on trade execution speed to obtain a price advantage on an asset in order to earn a profit of a fraction of a cent per asset share [1]. Through successful execution of these strategies, trading firms are able to realize profits on the order of billions of dollars per year [2]. The key to success for these trading strategies are ultra-low latency processing and networking systems, henceforth called High Frequency Trading (HFT) systems, which enable trading firms to execute orders with the necessary speed to realize a profit [1]. However, competition from other trading firms magnifies the need to achieve the lowest latency possible. A 1 µs latency disadvantage can result in unrealized profits on the order of $1 million per day [3]. For this reason, trading firms spend billions of dollars on their data center infrastructure to ensure the lowest propagation delay possible [4]. Further, trading firms have expanded their focus on latency optimization to other aspects of their trading infrastructure including application performance, inter-application messaging performance, and network infrastructure modernization [5].