DOCSLIB.ORG

The High-Pressure Mineral Inventory of Shock Veins from the Steen River Impact Structure

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The High-Pressure Mineral Inventory of Shock Veins from the Steen River Impact Structure 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2015) 2512.pdf The high-pressure mineral inventory of shock veins from the Steen River impact structure. Walton E.L., Sharp T. G. and Hu J. 1MacEwan University, Department of Physical Sciences, 10700 104 Ave, Edmonton, AB, T5J 2S2, Canada ([email protected] / [email protected] ), 2University of Alberta, Department of Earth & Atmospheric Sciences, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2E3, Canada. 3Arizona State University, School of Earth & Space Ex- ploration,Tempe, AZ 85287-1404, USA. Introduction: The Steen River impact struc- equipped with five WDS spectrometers. Raw data ture (SRIS; 59o31'N, 117o39’W) is a buried complex were corrected using the ZAF procedure. The excel crater with an apparent diameter of ~25 km [1]. The spreadsheets of [6,7] where used to recast chemical SRIS is the largest known impact structure in the analyses of amphiboles and garnets following the IMA Western Canada Sedimentary Basin and is a producer reccomentations. Micro-Raman spectra of various and host of oil and gas reservoirs [1]. The target rocks phases were obtained with point measurements, using comprise a 70 m layer of Missippian calcareous shale a Bruker SENTERRA instrument. The 100X objective underlain by a thick (1530 m) sequence of Devonian of a petrographic microscope was used to focus the marine sedimentary rocks including carbonates and excitation laser beam (532 nm line of Ar+ laser) to a evaporates. This ~1.6 km thick sedimentary cover focal spot size of ~1 µm. TEM sections will be pre- overlies Precambrian basement rocks (primarily gran- pared using an FEI Nova200 NanoFab dual-beam FIB, ite / gneiss / granodiorite). A variety of shock meta- focusing on the shock vein and associated transformed morphic effects have been observed at the SRIS, in- minerals. Analytical TEM will be done using an FEI cluding kink banding in biotite, planar fractures and CM200 FEG. High-pressure minerals will be indenti- planar deformation features in quartz and feldspar, fied using a combination of electron diffraction, EDX ballen quartz, lechatelierite and diaplectic glasses of and imaging. Transformation microstructures will also feldspar and quartz [2, 3, 4], which helped to ascribe a be investigated to illucidate the mechanisms of horn- hypervelocity impact origin to this structure. Despite blende and biotite transformation. the documentation of diagnostic shock effects in min- Sample Selection: In early 2000, New Claymore erals, mostly quartz and feldspar, uncertainty as to the Resources Ltd drilled three continuous drill holes into origin of the SRIS structure by volcanic or meteoritic the allochthonous proximal deposits of the SRIS. One origin remains, primarily within the industrial sector (ST003) penetrated the central uplift. This core, previ- (e.g., [5]), with terms such as “pitchstone” and “tuff” ously logged in detail by [4], has been re-visited in this used to describe the SRIS impactites. A portion of this study (see Walton et al. LPSC companion abstract for uncertainty lies in the inability of previous studies to a description of ST003 impactites). Sample names in isolate high-pressure, high-temperature minerals such the following description refer to depth (in meters). as the SiO2 polymorphs coesite and stishovite in SRIS The lower 10 m of the hole (between 352‒377.4 m) deposits. This may also reflect the lack of recognition comprises granitic to gneissic rocks of the Precambrian of impact cratering as a ubiquitous geologic process basement. Fabrics in these rocks are cut across by outside the planetary science community. thicker mm-size veins of finely-comminuted melt- Here, the results of a combined SEM, EMPA, Ra- bearing material and thin, opaque veins. These micro- man and TEM study of shock veins in the central uplift pseudotachylites are similar to shock veins in meteor- of the SRIS are reported. These shock veins exhibit a ites, and the general term for all these shock-induced unique assemblage of high-pressure, high-temperature melt veinlets will be referred to as “shock veins” fol- minerals within and around shock veins. This study lowing [8]. These shock vein-bearing rocks represent clarifies the impact origin of the SRIS, helps to eluci- either meter-size megablocks within the allochthonous date the location and distribution of high-pressure impactites or more likely the hole penetrated the cen- minerals in impact structures, and constrains the P-T tral uplift. An anastomosing network of thin shock conditions experienced by rocks in the central uplift of veins (<1 µm up to 0.5 mm apparent diameter) in a a moderate-size complex impact structure. plagioclase-amphibole-biotite-quartz gneiss was sam- Anaytical Methods: A total of 44 polished thin pled at a depth of 374 m. Apatite, zircon, ilmenite, sections were prepared from core offcuts for petro- titanite and chloritized biotite occur as accessory phas- graphic analysis (optical microscopy). From these, es. several thin section were selected for detailed investi- Results: Quartz and plagioclase in the granitic gation using a Zeiss EVO MA LaB6 filament SEM in gneiss, far away from the shock vein, exhibit planar BSE imaging mode, focusing on the minerals associat- deformation features (up to three distinct orientations ed with the shock veins. Major and minor element in quartz) with weak to moderate mosaicism. Plagio- abundances were analyzed with a JEOL 8900 EMPA clase, in a zone ~0.5 mm surrounding the shock vein, 46th Lunar and Planetary Science Conference (2015) 2512.pdf has transformed to maskelynite, a diaplectic glass of the shock melt. One spectra from the vein matrix was feldspar composition. Quartz near the shock vein pos- consistent with the presence of shishovite with a sharp sesses an unusual texture of thin veins or elongated peak at 750 cm-1. TEM work is needed to confirm this. aggregates surrounded by smooth silica glass. Raman Discussion: The majorite component in the shock- spectra contain peaks at 464 cm-1 and 520 cm-1, indi- produced garnets at the SRIS is a strong indicator of cating an intimate mixture of α-quartz and coesite. high pressure. This is consistent with the presence of Amphibole in the host rock is pleochroic in shades coesite and stishovite, as well as the transformation of of green, yellow-green and brown. EMPA analyses plagioclase to maskelynite, only in those grains within show that it is ferro-pargasite with general formula or surrounding the shock vein. Although both garnets 2+ (Na0.41K0.27)(Ca1.82Na0.10Mn0.08)(Fe 3.04Mg1.33Al0.29Ti0.1 are shock-produced, their distinct texture and composi- 3+ 9Fe 0.14)(Si6.60Al0.40)O22(OH)2. Within a zone tion implies a different formation mechanism (solid ~100‒300 µm along the shock vein margin and clasts state transformation of amphibole vs. crystallization entrained within the shock vein matrix, ferro-pargasite from impact melt). A shock pressure estimates of has undergone a nearly isochemical phase transfor- 15‒17 GPa for similar amphibole-garnet transfor- mation to garnet. This is observed under plane polar- mations described by [9] from shock veins in clasts ized light as a striking transition from green amphibole within suevite of the ~25 km diameter Ries impact to a bright orange garnet. The garnet is weakly aniso- structure, also apply to the same phase transformation tropic. The shock-transformed pargasite is almandine, described here for the SRIS. The coexistence of crys- (Fe1.37Ca0.97Mg0.42Na0.2Mn0.05)(Al0.92Si0.36Fe0.35Mg0.22Ti0. talline plagioclase and maskelynite suggests a moder- )Si O , with a 36% majorite component (based on 10 3 12 ate shock pressure of 16–23 GPa [10], and is constitent 0.36 pfu of Si in the octahedral site). The pargasite- with, but slightly higher than, the 15‒17 GPa required almandine phase transformation was nearly isochemi- to produce the majorite-bearing garnets. cal, with the exception of the most volatile species Conclusions: In meteorites, the association be- (Na, K and Cl). Raman spectra collected on ferro- tween minerals stable at high pressures and tempera- pargasite show sharp peaks at 150, 533, 660-667 and -1 tures and shock veins is well-documented [e.g., 10]. 734 cm , characteristic of well-crystallized amphibole. Spectra collected on almandine garnets show peaks However, the high-pressure mineral inventory of near 360 and 910 cm-1. Biotite in direct contact with shock veins from terrestrial impact structures has been the shock vein has also undergone a phase transfor- described in detail by relatively few researchers. Pre- mation. This biotite breakdown material is opaque in vious studies of impactites at the SRIS failed to identi- transmitted light and appears to be Raman inactive, fy high-pressure mineral polymorphs largely because although one spectrum obtained on this material they were looking in the wrong place, i.e., small clasts showed a single peak at 667 cm-1 (12 additional spec- in clast-rich impactites which remain hot after shock tra were collected, none of which yielded a useful pressure release. In these rocks high pressure minerals spectra). BSE images show a brighter greyscale of this are less likely to be preserved because they will rapidly phase compared to adjacent non-transformed biotite. back-transform to their lower pressure compositional EMPA analyses show enrichment in Al, Fe and Mg, equivalents. The high pressure mineral inventory doc- and depletion in Ti, K, Na and Cl compared to biotite. umented in this study formed at ~15‒23 GPa, and are Totals for wt% oxides close to 100 for this phase indi- preferentially associated with thin shock veins in large cate that it is anhydrous. meter-size blocks of crystalline basement where post- The matrix of the shock vein is opaque in plane shock temperatures were low enough to preserve these light, ranging from black, reddish-brown to grey.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Remove This Report from Blc8. 25
    .:WO _______CUfe\J-&£sSU -ILtXJZ-.__________ T REMOVE THIS REPORT FROM BLC8. 25 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR GEOLOGICAL SURVEY This report is preliminary and has not been edited or reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey standards and nomenclature. Prepared by the Geological Survey for the National Aeronautics and Space Administration U )L Interagency Report: 43 GUIDE TO THE GEOLOGY OF SUDBURY BASIN, ONTARIO, CANADA (Apollo 17 Training Exercise, 5/23/72-5/25/72) by I/ 2/ Michael R. Dence , Eugene L. Boudette 2/ and Ivo Lucchitta May 1972 Earth Physics Branch Dept. of Energy, Mines & Resources Ottawa, Canada 21 Center of Astrogeology U. S. Geological Survey Flagstaff, Arizona 86001 ERRATA Guide to the geology of Sudbury Basin, Ontario, Canada by Michael R. Dence, Eugene L. Boudette, and Ivo Lucchitta Page ii. Add "(photograph by G. Mac G. Boone) 11 to caption. iii. P. 2, line 5; delete "the" before "data", iv. P. 1, line 3; add "of Canada, Ltd." after "Company", iv. P. 1, line 7; delete "of Canada" after "Company". v. Move entire section "aerial reconnaissance....etc..." 5 spaces to left margin. 1. P. 2, line 6; add "moderate to" after "dips are". 1. P. 2, line 13; change "strike" to "striking". 2. P. 1, line 2; change "there" to "these". 2. P. 2, line 7; change "(1) breccias" to "breccias (1)". 2. P. 3, line 3; add "slate" after "Onwatin". 4. P. 1, line 7; change "which JLs" to "which are". 7. P. 1, line 9; add "(fig. 3)" after "surveys". 7. P.
    [Show full text]
  • A New Chronology for the Moon and Mercury
    A new chronology for the Moon and Mercury Simone Marchi German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstr. 2, D-12489 Berlin Dipartimento di Astronomia, Universit`adi Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 2, I-35122 Padova [email protected] Stefano Mottola German Aerospace Center (DLR), Institute of Planetary Research, Rutherfordstr. 2, D-12489 Berlin Gabriele Cremonese INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova Matteo Massironi Dipartimento di Geoscienze, Universit`adi Padova, via Giotto 1, I-35137, Padova and Elena Martellato INAF, Osservatorio Astronomico di Padova, Vicolo dell’Osservatorio 3, I-35122 Padova ABSTRACT In this paper we present a new method for dating the surface of the Moon, obtained by modeling the incoming flux of impactors and converting it into a size distribution of resulting craters. We compare the results from this model with the standard chronology for the Moon showing their similarities and discrepancies. In particular, we find indications of a non-constant impactor flux in the last 500 Myr and also discuss the implications of our findings for the Late Heavy Bombardment hypothesis. We also show the potential of our model for accurate dating of other inner Solar System bodies, by applying it to Mercury. arXiv:0903.5137v1 [astro-ph.EP] 30 Mar 2009 Subject headings: solar system: general — planets and satellites: Earth, Mercury, Moon 1. Introduction the evolution of the Solar System and in particu- lar of our own planet, the Earth. Recently, thanks Craters are among the most spectacular surface to a fleet of new space missions (Mars Express features of the solid bodies of the Solar System.
    [Show full text]
  • The Cratered Earth
    Lunar and Planetary Science XXXIII (2002) sess33.pdf Tuesday, March 12, 2002 POSTER SESSION I 7:00–9:30 p.m. Gymnasium The Cratered Earth Ormö J. Rossi A. P. Komatsu G. Marchetti M. De Santis A. The Discovery of a Probable Well-preserved Impact Crater Field in Central Italy [#1075] We propose the first impact craters found in Italy. They form a crater field with about 17 craters in the range 2- 20 m, and a main crater 140x115 m. It represents a rare example of well-preserved explosion craters formed in unconsolidated targets. Rossi A. P. Seven Possible New Impact Structures in Western Africa Detected on ASTER Imagery [#1309] Seven possible impact structures have been found in W Africa on ASTER images. Their diameters vary from few hundreds of meters up to few kilometers. They are located in Mauritania, Mali and Niger, on a sedimentary or metamorphic bedrock. Miura Y. Hirota A. Gorton M. Kedves M. Impact-related Events on Active Tectonic Regions Defined by Its Age, Shocked Minerals and Compositions [#1231] New type of impact-related event is defined at active tectonic region by using semi-circular structure, bulk XRF compositions with mixed data, shocked quartz grains with the PDFs texture, and Fe-Ni content. Example is discussed in Takamatsu MKT crater in Japan. Krochuk R. V. Sharpton V. L. Overview of Terny Astrobleme (Ukrainian Shield) Studies [#1832] A brief summary of Terny astrobleme observations, including history, petrographic and mineralogical evidences of impact, structure of the crater at current erosion level. Pesonen L. J. Reimold W. U.
    [Show full text]
  • The Geological Record of Meteorite Impacts
    THE GEOLOGICAL RECORD OF METEORITE IMPACTS Gordon R. Osinski Canadian Space Agency, 6767 Route de l'Aeroport, St-Hubert, QC J3Y 8Y9 Canada, Email: [email protected] ABSTRACT 2. FORMATION OF METEORITE IMPACT STRUCTURES Meteorite impact structures are found on all planetary bodies in the Solar System with a solid The formation of hypervelocity impact craters has surface. On the Moon, Mercury, and much of Mars, been divided, somewhat arbitrarily, into three main impact craters are the dominant landform. On Earth, stages [3] (Fig. 2): (1) contact and compression, (2) 174 impact sites have been recognized, with several excavation, and (3) modification. A further stage of more new craters being discovered each year. The “hydrothermal and chemical alteration” is also terrestrial impact cratering record is critical for our considered as a separate, final stage in the cratering understanding of impacts as it currently provides the process (e.g., [4]), and is also described below. only ground-truth data on which to base interpretations of the cratering record of other planets and moons. In this contribution, I summarize the processes and products of impact cratering and provide and an up-to-date assessment of the geological record of meteorite impacts. 1. INTRODUCTION It is now widely recognized that impact cratering is a ubiquitous geological process that affects all planetary objects with a solid surface (e.g., [1]). One only has to look up on a clear night to see that impact structures are the dominant landform on the Moon. The same can be said of all the rocky and icy bodies in the solar system that have retained portions of their earliest crust.
    [Show full text]
  • Earth, Solar System, Milky
    PAA Novice Astronomy Curriculum 1. An Introduction to Astronomy – June 7, 2019 Our Cosmic Address : Earth, Solar System, Milky Way, Local Group, Virgo Supercluster, Universe Overview of visible objects Sampling of exotic objects: black holes, dark energy, dark matter 2. Stars – September 6, 2019 Sun: birth, nuclear fusion, parts, Sun spots, atmosphere, space weather, death Colour & Temperature: OBAFGKM Size comparison: include link to YouTube video Distance H/R diagram Variable stars Life cycle of stars smaller and larger than our Sun Take Away: Plans to build a sundial 3. The Solar System – October 4, 2019 Sun and 8 planets: size (use scale model), distance (use scale model), physical characteristics Moons Origins of life Best possibilities of life in our solar system: Mars, Europa, Enceladus Dwarf Planets Comets Asteroids Meteoroid, Meteor, Meteorite 4. The Sun, Earth, Moon System – November 1, 2019 Day & Night Solar eclipse (use model) Lunar eclipse (use model) Lunar phases Influence of Moon on Earth: tides, stabilizing influence, retreating Seasons 5. The Moon – December 6, 2019 Birth: “Big Splat” Theory Evolution of Luna Historical exploration: Russian, American (Apollo 8-17) Current exploration: Chinese, ESA, etc. Discoveries: water ice, etc. Future? : Space station, habitation 6. The Electromagnetic Spectrum – January 3, 2020 Image of EMS Visible light 400-700 nm Infrared Microwave Radio Ultraviolet X-rays Gamma rays 7. Constellations-- -February 7, 2020 What is a constellation? What is an asterism? Historical significance: mythology (include story from more than Greek & Roman), agriculture, navigation and sea faring Seasonal Change Constellations as pointers 8. Eyepieces – March 6, 2020 eye relief 1 1/4” 2” Barlows Neutral Density filters Photographic filters Nebula filters: UHC, Skyglow, OIII, H alpha 9.
    [Show full text]
  • LIST of ASTROBLEMS/IMPATC STRUCTURES IDENTIFIED on EARTH SURFACE Third Edition of the Geological Map of the World, Sheet 1 Physi
    LIST OF ASTROBLEMS/IMPATC STRUCTURES IDENTIFIED ON EARTH SURFACE Third edition of the Geological Map of the World, sheet 1 Physiography, volcanoes, astroblemes, at 1:50 000 000 - Compilator: Philippe Bouysse, 2006 Sources: 1. (Roman type) Site: <http://www.unb.ca/passc/ImpactDatabase>, April 2006 By John Spray & Jason Hines, Planetary And Space Science Centre (PASSC) University of New Brunswick, Canada (174 structures: number 1 to 174), 2. (Italics) Site: <http://www.somerikko.net/old/geo/imp/impacts.htm>, April 2006 By Jarmo Moilanen (Finland): Impact Structures of the World (since Nov. 1996) (21 structures: a to u) 3. (Bold) In addition: Velingara (Master, Diallo, Kande, Wade, 1999, South Africa/Senegal), Iturralde (T. J. Killeen, Missouri Botanical Garden, Saint Louis, 1995-2006) astroblems and Gilf Kebir impact crater field (Paillou et al., C. R. Géoscience, Paris, vol. 335, 2003). (3 structures) 4. (In red) Tunguska airblast TOTAL: 198 IMPACT STRUCTURES Nota: * = approximate central position DIAMETER N° CRATER NAME LOCATION LATITUDE LONGITUDE Age (Ma)* EXPOSED DRILLED (km) South Australia, 1 Acraman Australia S 32° 1' E 135° 27' 90 ~ 590 Y N a Alamo USA N 37°30' W 116°30' 190 367 - - 2 Ames Oklahoma, U.S.A. N 36° 15' W 98° 12' 16 470 ± 30 N Y 3 Amelia Creek Australia S 20° 55' E 134 ° 50' ~20 1640 - 600 Y N 4 Amguid Algeria N 26° 5' E 4° 23' 0.45 < 0.1 Y N 5 Aorounga Chad, Africa N 19° 6' E 19° 15' 12.6 < 345 Y N 6 Aouelloul Mauritania N 20° 15' W 12° 41' 0.39 3.0 ± 0.3 Y N 7 Araguainha Brazil S 16° 47' W 52° 59' 40 244.40 ± 3.25 Y N 8 Arkenu 1 Libya N 22° 4' E 23° 45' 6.8 < 140 Y N 9 Arkenu 2 Libya N 22° 4' E 23° 45' 10,3 < 140 Y N 10 Avak Alaska, U.S.A.
    [Show full text]
  • Terrestrial Impact Structures- a Bibliography 1965-68
    Terrestrial Impact Structures- A Bibliography 1965-68 By JACQUELYN H. FREEBERG GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1320 UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1969 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR WALTER J. HICKEL, Secretary GEOLOGICAL SURVEY William T. Pecora, Director Library of Congress catalog-card No. 74-650225 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price 30 cents paper cover CONTENTS Page Abstract--------------------------------------------------------- 1 Introduction______________________________________________________ 1 Seria~----------------------------------------------------------- 2 Bibliography______________________________________________________ 3· Distribution and general characteristics of impact structures_________ 3: Impact sites___________________________________________________ 12: Agnak Island Oraters _ _ __ _ __ _ __ __ _ __ __ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ 1Z Aouelloul Crater___________________________________________ 12 Arn Valley Craters________________________________________ 12 Barringer Crater__________________________________________ 12 Bass Strait_______________________________________________ 13 Boxhole Crater____________________________________________ 14 Brent Crater______________________________________________ 14 Butare Crater_______________________________________ ------ 14 Campo del Cielo Craters----------------------------------- 14 Carswell Lake structure _________________________ . _ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ 15 Chassenon
    [Show full text]
  • Science Article on Fast-Breaking Items Or Current Topics of General Inter- Some Errors
    Vol. 5, No. 10 October 1995 INSIDE • Aerial Photos by Washburn, p. 200 • Call for Award Nominations, p. 203 • Rocky Mountain Section Meeting, GSA TODAY p. 206 A Publication of the Geological Society of America • Cordilleran Section Meeting, p. 207 Figure 2. Topography of the Manicouagan complex impact The Record of Terrestrial structure, Quebec, Canada. The original diameter of this Impact Cratering 214 ± 1 Ma structure is esti- mated to have been 100 km. Richard Grieve, James Rupert, Janice Smith, Ann Therriault Erosion, however, has removed the rim, and the structure Continental Geoscience Division. Geological Survey of Canada appears as a series of circular Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0Y3, Canada features with positive and nega- tive relief, beginning with a 150-km-diameter outer fracture zone, seen most easily in the western and southern sectors, ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION and culminating in slightly off- center topographic peaks. The Approximately 150 terrestrial The first studies of a terrestrial annular Manicouagan reservoir impact structures are currently impact structure, of the now famous (dark green area slightly left of known, representing a small, biased Meteor or Barringer Crater, Arizona, in center) is ˜65 km in diameter sample of a much larger population. the early 1900s by D. M. Barringer and and at ˜360 m elevation. Eleva- The spatial distribution indicates colleagues, produced more controversy tions in the center are as much as 1100 m (brown). concentrations in cratonic areas— than acceptance. There was, however, a ˜ in particular, ones where there have gradual increase in the number of rec- been active search programs. The ognized small craters with meteorite majority of the known impact struc- fragments until the 1960s, when so- tures are <200 m.y.
    [Show full text]
  • Subsurface of Overburden for Possible Meteorite Impact Crater at Bukit Bunuh, Malaysia Using 2-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging
    Subsurface of Overburden for Possible Meteorite Impact Crater at Bukit Bunuh, Malaysia using 2-D Electrical Resistivity Imaging Mark Jinmin Postgradute Student, Geophysics Section, School of Physics, 11800 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] Dr. Rosli Saad Senior Lecturer Geophysics Section, School of Physics, 11800 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia e-mail:[email protected] Dr. M. Mokhtar Saidin Assoc. Prof., Centre for Global Archeological Research Malaysia, 11800 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia e-mail:[email protected] Y.C. Kiu Postgradute Student, Geophysics Section, School of Physics, 11800 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] Nur Azwin Ismail Postgradute Student, Geophysics Section, School of Physics, 11800 Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia e-mail: [email protected] ABSTRACT Bukit Bunuh is situated in Lengggong, Perak one of Peninsular Malaysia’s most important areas for archeology that revealed many traces of Malaysia’s prehistory. Geophysical method especially 2-D resistivity imaging method is non-destructive which applied in geo-subsurface study for meteorite impact. The study consists of three stages that are regional study and detail study. Total of fourteen survey lines, which include parallel to Sungai Perak and two mountains ranges, Bintang Range and Titiwangsa Range. Survey lines were executed using Pole-dipole array with 5 m minimum electrode spacing. From every stage, the results show the area consists of two main layers which are alluvium and granitic bedrock. The first zone is alluvium with boulders with resistivity value of 10-800 Ωm while the second zone is granitic bedrock with resistivity value of >1500 Ωm.
    [Show full text]
  • University of Alberta
    University of Alberta An Investigation of the Whitecourt Meteorite Impact Crater (Alberta, Canada) by Randolf Scott Kofman A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Graduate Studies and Research in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science Earth and Atmospheric Sciences ©Randolf Scott Kofman Spring 2010 Edmonton, Alberta Permission is hereby granted to the University of Alberta Libraries to reproduce single copies of this thesis and to lend or sell such copies for private, scholarly or scientific research purposes only. Where the thesis is converted to, or otherwise made available in digital form, the University of Alberta will advise potential users of the thesis of these terms. The author reserves all other publication and other rights in association with the copyright in the thesis and, except as herein before provided, neither the thesis nor any substantial portion thereof may be printed or otherwise reproduced in any material form whatsoever without the author's prior written permission. Library and Archives Bibliothèque et Canada Archives Canada Published Heritage Direction du Branch Patrimoine de l’édition 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Ottawa ON K1A 0N4 Canada Canada Your file Votre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-60030-6 Our file Notre référence ISBN: 978-0-494-60030-6 NOTICE: AVIS: The author has granted a non- L’auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive exclusive license allowing Library and permettant à la Bibliothèque et Archives Archives Canada to reproduce, Canada de reproduire, publier, archiver, publish, archive, preserve, conserve, sauvegarder, conserver, transmettre au public communicate to the public by par télécommunication ou par l’Internet, prêter, telecommunication or on the Internet, distribuer et vendre des thèses partout dans le loan, distribute and sell theses monde, à des fins commerciales ou autres, sur worldwide, for commercial or non- support microforme, papier, électronique et/ou commercial purposes, in microform, autres formats.
    [Show full text]
  • Nasa Technical Memorandum Nasa Tm-88428 Evolution of A
    NASA TECHNICAL MEMORANDUM NASA TM-88428 EVOLUTION OF A METEORITE CRATER AS A PROCESS OF RANDOM DISPLACEMENTS I. T. Zotkin, A. I. Dabizha ,' (NASA-TM-88428) EVOLUTION OF A METEORITE N86-26561 j CRATER AS & PROCESS OF RANDOM DISPLACEMENTS (National Aeronautics and Space : AdministratioE) 18 p HC. A02/BF fl01 CSCL< 08G Unclas G3/46 43341 Translation of "Evolyutsiya meteoritnogo kratera kak protsess sluchaynykh peremeshcheniy," IN: Meteoritika, Akademiya Nauk SSSR, No. 40, 1982, pp. 82-90, &82 -47142) (UDC 551.311) NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D.C. 20546 JUNE, 1986 STANDARD TITLE PAGE 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Cotolog No. NASA TM-88428 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Dote June 1986 EVOLUTION OF A METEORITE CRATER AS A 6. Performing Organizotion Code PROCESS OF RANDOM DISPLACEMENTS 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Zotkin, I. T. and Dabizha, A. I. 10. Work Unit No. 11. Contract or Grant No. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address NASW-4006 The Corporate Word 13. Type of Report and Period Covered 1102 Arrott Building Pittsburgh, PA 15222 Translation 12. Sponsoring Agency Nome and Address National Aeronautics and Space Administration 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, D.C. 20546 15. Supplementary Notes Translation of "Evolyutsiya meteoritnogo kratera kak protsess sluchaynykh peremeshcheniy,'' IN: Meteoritika,Akademiya Nauk SSSR, • No. 40, 1982, pp. 82-90, (A82-47142) (UDC 551.311) 16. Abstroct An. examination of the ages and sizes of 114 terrestrial impact craters shows that their aging kinetics can be described by the diffusion laws. The macrodiffusion coefficient which determines random displacements of mineral masses on the earth has a mean value of 0.02 sq m/year.
    [Show full text]
  • Manfred Gottwald, Thomas Kenkmann, Wolf Uwe Reimold Verlag Dr
    TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES: The TanDEM-X Atlas. Vol.1 and 2. Manfred Gottwald, Thomas Kenkmann, Wolf Uwe Reimold Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München 2020, 608 p. ISBN 978-3-89937-261-8 TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES The TanDEM-X Atlas 1 Africa, North/Central America, South America M. Gottwald, T. Kenkmann and W. U. Reimold Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil Manfred Gottwald Thomas Kenkmann Wolf Uwe Reimold TERRESTRIAL IMPACT STRUCTURES The TanDEM-X Atlas 1 Africa, North/Central America, South America Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil · München 2020 ISBN 978-3-89937-261-8 Bibliografische Information Der Deutschen Bibliothek Die Deutsche Bibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der Deutschen Nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische Daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. front cover Vredefort Dome, Meteor Crater, Serra da Cangalha (from left to right). Top row: TanDEM-X topographic maps; bottom row Sentinel-2 RGB images, fused with the TanDEM-X digital elevation model. back cover Top: Meteor Crater (photo: T. Kenkmann); bottom: B.P. structure (photo: W. U. Reimold). print support by and Wolf Uwe Reimold and Manfred Gottwald Copyright © 2020 by Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München Alle Rechte vorbehalten – All rights reserved. Dieses Werk ist urheberrechtlich geschützt. Jede Art der Vervielfältigung und Weitergabe, auch auszugsweise und in elektronischer Form, insbesondere im Internet, bedarf der ausdrücklichen Genehmigung durch den Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil. Druckvorstufe: Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, München Druck: PBtisk a.s., Prˇíbram I – Balonka ISBN 978-3-89937-261-8 Printed in the European Union Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil, Wolfratshauser Straße 27, 81379 München, Germany Tel.: + 49 (0)89 5528600-0 • Fax: + 49 (0)89 5528600-4 • E-Mail: [email protected] www.pfeil-verlag.de Contents Contents Preface .....................................................................
    [Show full text]