Dr. Zhivago, Socialism and Art May Day 1959

0FrlctAL PuBLICATION oF --rHe ~~HAW PARTYor .. ERiCA Vol. XVIII, No. a, Whole No. 310 Chicago, Ill., May 1959------Price 1 Oc a Copy DR.ZHIVAGO, SOCIALISM AND ART MAYDAY 1959 The awarding of the Nobel Prize and think only within society and The first of May, known as-May for many workers, "the greatest for literature to Boris Pasternak, as such his thinkfng is bound up Day, has been observed for many numbers," tl:lose who toil, sweat~ leading Soviet poet for his critical and determined mainly by his so- . yeaTs by the class conscious work- and are exploited but w'ho hardly novel, Doctor Zhivago, raised a cial environment and his under ers the world over as a day 'in_ receive enough in the. :llorm of huge cloud of literary dust radiat standing of it. Ideas ·are a reflex which to defiantly protest against wages to keep from starving. ing and fanning the fires of the of the objective material world. capitalist e,q>loitation and oppres- Another hi'g capitalist lie is the existing cold ~ar,intensifying the To the extent that they reflect sion. The capitalist class who hate assertion that in America there is political and social schisms. them correc.tly they correspond to and fear it do their utmost to dis- "free labor." And here again the Outside the Soviet Union, where it. Where reality has not been credit it, and denounce it as a "red very opposite is the c'ase. The sim the book was not permitted to be properly understood idealistic fan holiday of foreign ori,gin." ple truth is that no one cim be published, it met with acclaim as tasy has resulted. Many artistic However, contrary to such capi- free who works for wages, because a great work of art, the author creations in the past concerned talist denunciations, May Day's he is in servitude to the person honored for his ·genius and cour mythological deities, gods, angels 'Otrigin has an American back~who pays him. It is disguised slave age. In the United States it has ·and spirits which devolved around ground. It arose out of the early. ry. The so-called "free laborer" !been on the No. 1 best seller list the mysteries of natural forces. militant class struggles between sells himself by fractions, every for many months. Constant de These misunderstood forces pro ·capital and labor, the stru.g.gle for day, 8 hours or more of ihi!s life, nouncement of the Soviet Union vided the material, the basis for better working conditions, increas- through the sale of his labor power has been the order of the day for the artist's •concept and expression. ed wages, shorter working hours, t1o the owner of the means of pro its so-called stifling of art, the in Today nature no longer provides the 8-hour day movement. This duction, the capitalist. In return dividual spirit and creativity. At such mystery .. Science is learning culminated in the recommendation for his labor power the worker the same time, within the Soviet ever more about it. Science em of the American delegates· attend- gets a wage, which is a mere frac Union, Pasternak and his work has ploys the materialistic approach ing the international Socialist con- tion, a1bout onMifth on the aver been shunned, castigated and de which assumes nature's objective gress held in Paris in 1889 that the age, of the total valu~he produces. nounced for· its individ.uatlsm, and existence and priority. - first of May ·be set aside as a day The capit·alist appropriates the distortion of social reality. From the materialist standpoint of working class solidarity and in- greater part, in the :form !O!fsuxplus The Pasternak affair is not the art is not pure. It assumes specific ternational demonstration against value, out of which he gets his first of its kind nor will it be the forms in its ·evolution. Nor is it capitalist exploitation. profit. This is what we mean when last. It is one of a series where an individual matte·r but a ·social Hence May Day is also known we say that workers under capital writers, composers, scientists, in a matter or product, part ·and parcel as the International Labor Day. It ism are e~ploitedthrough the word, intellectuals h a v e been of human existence whkh it re is ·a day not only of celebrating wages system. !brought to heel, given a going-over flects. The individual artist does lalbor's victories won, but also of But it might 'be contended that for bourgeois tendencies or devia not create in a vacuum--Jbut out observing results, of mistakes and the modern wage-worker is "free" tions from the socialist path. In of the material at hand. It is no ·gains made, IOf renewing inspira- to quit his job and work for any such times of heated controversy accident that the ·ancient poets tion for future action. It has a one he chooses. There is no deny and differentiating opinions it is sung the praises of the emperors; revolutionary objective, the com- ing that he is "free" to do that. well to get down to the basic ques or that the painters in the days of plete overthrow of the capitalist However, he cannot quit the whole tion of the relation of art to society feudalism stressed the religious system by the organized might of class of lbtuyers of his labor power, in general and that of art to so theme; or that the heroes in the the working class, thereby ending the capitalists, unless he wants to ciali:sm in particular. 1 old operas were dukes and noble the exploitation of man by man renounce his own existence. As How free is ·art and the artist? men. That was the social environ throughout the world, and usher- the saying goes: a worker must What is the meaning of free cre ment in which they lived and were ing in the new classless society. find a job if he wants to eat. ativity or the stifling of it~In affected by. It is ·a historical fact that cap- But as soon as a worker gets a referring to art here we indude Like philosophy, politics and italism has long outlived its use- job, that does not guarantee him its many forms of expression, lit morality, art is determined by the fulness and is ·already in its last real security. He can be discharged erature, music, painting, architec economic character of society or stages of decline. Already in one- from it any time his master, the ture., sculpture, etc. They are the its mode of production. Wherever third of •the world it has been capitalist, sees fit or decides that fine arts in contradistinction to the society has already developed swept by the revolutionary broom it is no longer profitable to employ industrial arts. We might call art class division, there art like the into the rubbish can of history. him. a language. The writer, poet, mu rest of the social superstructure In the ·remaining two-thirds of the In fact, that is what has recently sicians or painter each expresses takes on a class character. world, because it has only brought happened in the United States. The his thoughts thru a specific me misery and insecurity to the toil- present 4 to 5 million unemployed Under capitalism .the individual dium. To the extent that the artist ing masses, it is rotten ripe to be workers are those who had :been artist or writer may not even be is free., is still limited and de overthrown. discharged from their jobs by the he conscious of it, yet inadvertently pendent upon his surrounding en We see then, how history itself capitalists. That thishappeneddur he finds himself, thru training and vironment, of which he himself is has refuted big lie of capital- ing business recession only education, class contact and de that the a part; secondly by the materials ism, the contention ·by its pen pros- proves the fact that the capitalists pendence upon the upper class for and equipment he has to work titutes !brings about engage in business not to provide sale of his product, lin!ked to a that it "the with (since all art is subject to an greatest good for the greatest num- jobs ,for woll'kers but to profit defense of the existing order. The evolutionary and technological de her." The very opposite is the case. through exploiting them. alternative is failure and social velopment); and thirdly the sub unpopularity. · It creates extre~esof wealth and Even if the recent pick up of jective or intellectual_development poverty, enormous fortunes for •a business continues there wiH still of the individual artist, his under His product, an intellectual pro handful of greedy idle parasites, be millions of workers unemploy standing of man's relation to na duct, takes on the commodity the multimillionaires and billion- ed. It so- happens that the capital ture and to man himself. form, and brings in a price like aires who have monopolized the ists found it more profitable to Man is not only an individual economic products. Hence a writer means of production, and; at the replace these workers with rna- but a social product. He can live (Continued on page 2) same time, poverty and insecurity (Continued on page 2)

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substance, substance,

(Continued (Continued

stamp stamp

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this this

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DR. DR.

deep deep

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Pf.'Oi>Osed May 1959. 4 PROLETARIAN NEWS the ·process of exploiting labor. outlets. Anyone opposed to that TAXESAND LABOR The working day, while not offi basic extraction is socially ostr~·· Taxes, formerly a controversial particular )>usiness interest. The cially or technically stamped as cized, to say the least. Taxes come issue :bedeviling solely the prop opening and plugging of loopholes such, is divided ·between necessary out of surplus values and tpe cap erty owning class, finds labor, too, in the tax structure are manifesta labor and surplus labor. Necessary italists hate to part with so much now excited a!bout that perennial tions of the inner fight among the 'labor is the e:x~penditureof physi of it, that's their gripe. capitalists. But no matter how they cal and mental energies to pro problem. The feder·al withholding But of late, the. workers, too, handle that "hot potato," they as duce the essentials that make up tax system of collection is rapidly have been plucked by taxes. This a class, we emphasize, shoulder life. That is a necessary effort in being adopted by states in its col chiseling in sales taxes, hooking the burden begrudgingly. They all ways of life. Under capitalism lection of state income taxes. Sales labor with withholding taxes, fed have to, because they have no al the compensation to the workers taxes prevailing in over 30 states eral and state, hurts labor unques are in the process of spreading ternative. for their ·labors is known as wages or salaries. tionably, struggling to make ends throughout the remainder of the Be it a Republican or Democrat meet. In substance, it amounts to states. City taxes of various de ic administration down in Wash But labor doesn't stop working a cut in pay. The workers and their scriptions are becoming common ingt·on, it is a •goV~e:rnmentof, for when it has reproduced the equiv unions get deeply involved in-that practices. All in all, the ·tax prob and by Big Business-a capitalist alent of its wages. It keeps on fight. They fight hard over the lem loo~larger as a social phe class institution. That is as plain working beyond that necessary pennies in the sales tax, bitter nomenon. Us effect seems all-em as the nose on one's face. The cost period, -to the agreed work day, over the withholding tax bite, in bracing. It has everyone talking of maintaining and defending the which may be 8 hours rper day. a word, tax consciousness comes llibout it, some of it superficial, economic and political interests of The hours BEYOND the necessary easy. much of it absurd. At ·any rate tax the capitalist class at home and period, which presently may be consciousness has gripped both only 2 hours, is surplus la'bor- time, But how about the thousands, -~apitaland labor. abroad grows I?Yleaps and bound~. tens of thousands of dollars ex- . · .· ,.: 'l'~x:esare lev1ed to support the1r or_ 6 hours, the period where sur tracted from each individual work ~Generallyspeaking, the capital- gQV~rnmentill. its undertakings, plus values are p:roduced, out of er during the year, in surplus val- . ist class has a right to get hot and. domestic and foreign. Since it is ·which profit comes. That is a hefty ues, unpaid labor, by their boss? bothered about the tax question, in their class interest, the capital- sum. Not a peep from the unions against -for they as a class, pay the bulk ists accept the tax load ·as a neces Suvplus !Values ·belong solely to that "ROOKING." That would be of the taxes. They have it to pay! sary evil. However, as mentioned the capitalist class, by virtue of un-American. Maybe un-American There · have been many years, above, they jockey for favorable their ownership of the means of in the eyes of the capitalists, but when the tax load equalled or was treatment. production. It is THEIR LEGAL, certainly it would be genuinely even greater than the total wage While the tax wallop is resound THEIR MORAL right, to the ex ,pro-labor, in its own interests. bill for the year. had to come It ing, hurts, there is plenty left tr.action process, known as the ex Class consciousness has yet to out of capital. :where it came from. Taxes are an ploitation of labor, defended and grow on labor. Until it gets wise There is ·a •constant and bitter ~xtractionor withholding from upheld by THEIR GOVERNiMENT, :to the system of exploitation, labor battle amongst the variOus sections suvplus values, popularly known Republican or Democratic, sup is only de~lingwith effects, when and layers of :the capitalist class to as profits. Surplus v·alues or prof ported by their social institutions, it gets heated up Ov-er taxes and shift the burden ·away from their its are extracted or derived thru their schools, radio and television such kindred issues.-L.B.

It is possible :that most of the pres their jobs through automation. ELECTRONICUNEMPLOYMENT 4 5 million unemployed ent to Capitalism in the United States ad~ _wovkers have lost their jobs just ·There is a fallacious claim when automation !began to be in has reached the stage when it can lby capLtalists etet'tronics iridusfry through this development, that is, vanced the and blind novated irr the no longer provide jobs for its en i~-:. -the machines had displaced them. optimists that :the electronics :employment declined approxi tire working force. The solution is dustry, being the key industry mately 10% in all brancheS of the of The competition for jobs has be clear-cut: capitalism must 'be abol automation, will absorb those~~;industry.For example, Westing come more intensified. Soon there ished 'by ·the organized might of workers displaced from other in- house Electric Corp. year in the will be that summer exodus of ap the vast majority, the working dustries. An investigation of th~1954 to 1955 had a $48,980,000 in proximately ,a million young peo class. In its place, the :new society electroni-cs industcy •pokes a hole crease products sel'lVices in and ple from the hi·gh ·schools and based on the collective ownership in this balloon. The electronics in- ~()!d,

Send me PROLETARIAN NEWS for a period of...... ~...... •• history and iillformation about Chi own. Had his letterheads printed ...... , for which I here enclose $ na in his latest book "Journey to in Chinese for Brown's Salvation the Beginning" (Random House). Also send me the book (or books)_which I hav~--~;k~d:·················ists, and who do you suppose the The book is well spiced with inter of;ficers were? President, God; Subscriber's Name ...... '!"...... e9ting accounts and co·nversati'ons. Vice.:president, Jesus Christ; Treas· Address ...... One in parti'Cular 'Caught our fan cy: While traveling through South urer, Joseph Brown! What a dis· :: City ...... Zone ...... State ...... ·-···-·········· China in the late 1920's with a grace!" L.D. ~-~~~~~~-~~~~~-~~~-~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~