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Karstenia 42: 23- 25, 2002
Lepista polygonarum and Prunulus lammiensis, two new combinations in the Agaricales
HARRI HARMAJA
HARMAJA, H. 2002: Lepista polygonarum and Prunulus lammiensis, two new combi nations in the Agaricales. - Karstenia 42: 23- 25. Helsinki. ISSN 0453-3402. C/itocybe polygonarum Laursen, O.K. Miller & H.E. Bigelow (Tricholomataceae) from arctic Alaska is transferred to Lepista (Fr.) W.G. Sm. as Lepista polygonarum (Laursen, O.K. Mi ller & H. E. Bigelow) Harmaja, comb. no . The taxonomy of the species group that includes L. polygonarum is briefly discussed. The name Tricholoma multiforme has been incorrectly attributed to Romell as a new species. It is not synon ymous with L. polygonarum. The nomenclature of Agaricus multiformis Schaeff. and Cortinarius multiformis Fr. is clarified. Mycena lammiensis Harmaja (Mycenaceae) is transferred to Prunulus Murrill, a segregate genus comprising species around M pura (Pers. : Fr.) Kumm. , as Prunulus lammiensis (Harmaja) Harmaja. Key words: Agaricales, arctic tundra, nomenclature, taxonomy Harri Harrnaja, Botanical Museum, Finnish Museum ofNatural History, PO. Box 47, F/N-00014 University of Helsinki, Finland www.helsinki.fi/people/harri.harmaja/
Lepista polygonarum (Laursen, O.K. Miller & Sm. He also reported small, weakly staining car H.E. Bigelow) Harmaja, comb. nov. minophilic/siderophilic granules in the young basidia of the species. The possible taxonomic Basionym: Clitocybe polygonarum Laursen, relevance of the granules cannot be judged at O.K. Miller & H. E. Bigelow, Canad. J. Bot. 54: 976. present. 1976. - Isoparatype examined: U.S.A. Alaska. Gulden (1983) stated that Clitocybe polygo Barrow Co.: US IBP Tundra Biome Site 4, on dry narum -like Lepista polycephala Harmaja de polygon, 23.VIII.1974, O.K. Miller Jr. & G.A. scribed from Finland (Harmaja 1976)- are later Laursen 11873 (H; paratype in VPI, another iso synonyms of "Tricholoma multiforme Romell" paratype in ALA). (Romell 1911 ). Accordingly, Gulden transferred T multiforme to Lepista and placed both C. polyg Laursen eta!. (1976) include a good description onarum and L. polycephala in synonymy of and illustrations of this agaric species which is "Lepista multiform is (Romell) Gulden" ('multi- most characteristic as to morphology, habitat forme'). However, an examination of the cited pa and distribution. Following the philosophy of per ofRomell, dealing with macrofungi of Swed Bigelow and Smith ( 1969), the species was as ish Lapland, reveals that he did not publish a new signed to Clitocybe (Fr.) Staude. Harmaja (1978) species according to any edition of the Code of subsequently reported that the verruculose nomenclature, either purposely or unintentional spore wall of this fungus is (strongly) cyano ly. The name concerned is instead a new combi philic, indicating that the wall includes an outer nation Tricholoma multiforme (Schaeff.) Romell myxosporium layer, and considered that the spe (basionym Agaricus multiformis Schaeff. 177 4: 9 cies should be transferred to Lepista (Fr.) W.G. [1762: pl. 14]). Romell (1911: footnote p. 3) writes 24 HARMAJA: LEPISTA POLYGONARUMAND PRUNULUS KARSTENIA 42 (2002) in English that as the fungus "seems to agree the latter: the pileus of the former is non-hygroph tolerably in this respect with Tricholoma pes anous and paler brown, the lamellae are truly caprae var. multiformis (as understood by MAS though shortly decurrent, the spore size and orna SEY in COOKE, Illustr. t. 946), I have named it mentation display subtle differences, and the hab Trich. multiforme. Whether it is quite identical, itat ecology and distribution appear different. howe er, either with MASSEY's or with For the time being, it would appear wisest to SCHAEFFER's plant of that name I am unable at restrict the concept of Lepista polygonarum to present to decide." Table no. 946 in Cooke (1888) fungi that grow in the arctic tundra of Alaska and illustrates Agaricus [sub g. Tricholoma] pes Canada (Bathurst 1. , Nunavut: Redhead 1989, as caprae Fr. var. multiformis (Schaeff.) Cooke (the L. 'multiforme '). According to the original paper exact name including the varietal epithet is only (Laursen & a!. 1976) the species was not ob given in the index of the work). The unfortunate served in subalpine tundra of Alaska or neigh expression "I have named it ... " means here "I bouring areas. This group of brown cespitose ha e identified it as ... ". In his index of specific species is taxonomically difficult and apparently names mentioned in the paper, Romell ( 1911) lists still comprises undescribed species. Different new names (species) in bold: e.g., the epithet 'pu looking specimens have been collected almost bifolium' is in bold and Romell is indeed consid throughout Finland: from the area of the oak ered to have described the new species Tri (Quercus robur) to the northern boreal zone (but choloma pubifolium Rom ell in this paper. On the apparently not from subalpine or alpine condi contrary, the epithet 'multiforme ' appears in the tions). Esteve-Ravant6s & Villarreal (2000) sug normal font like the other old epithets. The idea gest that Lepista rickenii Sing. would be the ofRomell is obvious, and Article 33 of the Inter same species as 'Lepista multiforme ' of Gulden national Code of Botanical Nomenclature (and thus also synonymous with Clitocybe po (Greuter & a!. 2000), especially Art. 33 .2 and lygonarum and L. polycephala). However, to my 33.6(d), indicate that the author made a new com judgement L. rickenii is morphologically distinct bination instead of having described a new spe from L. polygonarum. Moreo er, the type locali cies, hence the name is T multiforme (Schaeff.) ty of L. rickenii at the former Finnish-Russian Romell, and not "T multiforme Rom ell". As such, border lies at the northern edge of the distribu typification is linked to the basionym, Agaricus tion area of the oak (Quercus robur), i.e. in con multiformis Schaeff. and not Romell's collec siderably warmer climatic conditions. Admitted tions. Gulden (1983: 65) had "neotypified" T mul ly, however, the characters of L. poly cephala re tiforme by Romell materials collected in 1916 near mind fairly much those of L. rickenii. Abisko, Sweden. This neotypification is of Besides Agaricus multiformis Schaeff., a later course incorrect. homonym, A. multiformis Fr., has been de Romell's fungus, growing along a railway in scribed. As the latter was not used in the sanc the subalpine Betula zone in northernmost Swe tioning publications of Fries, it is an illegitimate den, may be identical with Lepista polygon arum later homonym. The correct name and author ci or it may belong to some closely related species. tation of the latter fungus is Cortinarius multi The fungi (or fungus) of Schaeffer and Cooke formis Fr. 183 8 (Epicr. Syst. My col.), [uninten originate from temperate Europe and are paler tional] nomen novum (=Agaricus multiformis Fr. than the northern fungi, and the gills are some 1818, Observ. Mycol. 2; non Agaricus multi- what sinuate; I do not take any final position as formis Schaeff. 1774 [1762], Fungorum ... icones). to the identity of these southern taxa, except to In the meantime, in his sanctioning publications, exclude them from the concept of the northern Fries treated his species as a synonym of another species. Cortinarius species so it was never sanctioned. Lepista polycephala, described a few months Schaeffer's species was always treated by Fries later than Clitocybe polygonarum, is distinct from as a synonym in Agaricus subg. Tricholoma. KARSTENIA 42 (2002) HARMAJA: LEPISTA POLYGONARUM AND PRUNULUS 25
Prunulus lammiensis (Harmaja) Harmaja, comb. References nov. Bigelow, H.E. & Smith, A. H. 1969: The status of Lepis ta - a new section of Clitocybe. - Brittonia 21 : 144- Basionym: Mycena lammiensis Harmaja, Karste 177. nia 25: 44. 1985. - Holotype from Finland (H). Cooke, M.C. 1888: Illustrations of British Fungi (Hy menomycetes). No. 60. - Williams & Norgate, Lon Redhead & al. (200 1) reported that molecular eY don. idence indicates that the genus (Pers. : Este\e-Ra ant6s, F. & Villarreal, M. 2000: Type study Mycena of Lepista rickenii (Tricholomatales) and description Fr.) Roussel (Mycenaceae) is polyphyletic. For of L. panaeolus var. paxilloides var. nov. - Mycotax instance, the group of species around M pura on 76: 399- 09. (Pers. :Fr.) Kumm. would appear to deserve age Greuter, W. , McNeill, J. , Barrie, F.R., Burdet, H.M., De neric rank and the name Prunulus Gray 1821 was moulin, V. , Filgueiras, T.S. , Nicolson, D.H., Silva, P.C. , Skog, J.E. , Trehane, P. , Turland, N.J. & Hawks found to be the correct one for the segregate ge \ orth, D.L. (eds.) 2000: International Code of Bo nus which these species constitute. tanical Nomenclature (Saint Louis Code). Adopted by Of the species of this taxonomic group, M the Sixteenth International Botanical Congress St. lammiensis Harmaja has not yet been combined Louis, Missouri, July-August 1999. - Regnum Veg. 138: 1--474. with the generic name Gray. Therefore, Prunulus Gulden, G. 1983: Studies in Lepista (Fr.) W.G. Smith the new combination needed is made here. A section Lepista (Basidiomycotina, Agaricales). - photograph of fresh fruit bodies of P lammiensis Sydow·ia 36: 59-74. and the characters differentiating it from its close Hansen, L. & Knudsen, H. (eds.) 1992: Nordic Macro relatives P pelianthinus (Fr. :Fr.) James E. John mycetes. Vo l. 2. Pol_ porales, Boletales, Agaricales, Russulales. - 474 pp. Nordsvamp, Copenhagen. son, Vilgalys & Redhead and P rutilantiformis Harmaja, H. 1976: A further revision of the generic Murrill are given in Harmaja (1985 , as Mycena) . limit between Lepista and Clitocybe. - Karstenia 15: Nordic Macromycetes (Hansen & Knudsen · 13- 15. 1992) treats both P pelianthinus and P lammien Harmaja, H. 1978: The division of the genus Lepista. - Karstenia 18: 49- 54. sis (under Mycena). Strangely enough, however, Harmaja, H. 1985: Studies on white-spored agarics. - the first-named species, with a southern distribu Karstenia 25 : 41--46. tion and commonly associated with Fagus or Laursen, G.A., Mi ll er, O.K., Jr. & Bigelow, H.E. 1976: A Quercus, is said to have some deviating northern new Clitocybe from the Alaskan Arctic. - Canad. J. and/or occurrences associated with Alnus. Such Bot. 54: 976- 980. Redhead, S.A. 1989: A biogeographical O\ erview of the occurrences fit better with the properties of P Canadian mushroom flora. - Canad. J. Bot. 67: 3003- lammiensis and it would appear that they in fact 3062. represent that species. Redhead, S.A., Vilgalys, R., Moncalvo, J.-M., Johnson, J. & Hopple, J.S. 200 I: Coprinus Pers. and the dispo Acknowledgements: Professor Teu\·o Ahti (Helsinki) sition of Coprinus species sensu lato. - Taxon 50: 203- 241. and Dr. Scott A. Redhead (Ottawa, Canada) made alua ble improvements to the manuscript. Romell, L. 1911: Hymenomycetes of Lapp land. - Ark. Bot. 11(3): 1- 35 , 2 pis. Schaeffer, J.C. 1762: Fungorum qui in Bavaria et Palat inatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur icones nati is colo ribus expressae. Vol. I. Pis. 1- 100. Zunkel, Ratisbona. Schaeffer, J.C. 1774: Fungorum qui in Ba aria et Palat inatu circa Ratisbonam nascuntur icones nativis colo ribus expressae. Vol. IV. 136 pp. + Pis. 301 - 330. Zun kel, Ratisbona.