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Life Science Journal 2014;11(4s) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Current condition and trends in development of agricultural production in Kostanay region Gulmira Karimzhanovna Dambaulova, Natalya Sergeevna Gorelova, Azamat Muratovich Dambaulov Kostanay engineering-economic University named after M. Dulatov, Republic of Kazakhstan, 110000, Kostanay, Chernyshevsky street, 59 Abstract. The investigated region is characterized by a diversity of landscapes: from forest-steppe to semi-desert. Lands of various areas, farms, fields and even sites vary in their properties and suitability for agricultural use. The lands have different effects not only on crop yields, but also on production costs, labor productivity and amount of gross and net income per unit of crops. These differences condition specialization of enterprises and cropping areas of the region, combination of crop and livestock sectors significantly. [Dambaulova G.K., Gorelova N.S., Dambaulov A.M. Current condition and trends in development of agricultural production in Kostanay region Life Sci J 2014;11(4s):276-281] (ISSN:1097-8135). http://www.lifesciencesite.com. 46 Keywords: agricultural sector, GDP, GP level, state regulation, World Bank classification. Introduction The greatest portion therein is of Kostanay Most of the problems which arise in the (14.2%), Almaty (13.6%), Southern Kazakhstan process of reforming the agricultural sector occur due (12.3%), Northern Kazakhstan (12.1%), Akmola to the violation of worker's economic interests, (11.7%) and Eastern Kazakhstan (9.9%) regions. The various economic and financial enterprises and this lowest portion is in Mangistau (0.2%), Atyrau (1%), fact should be taken into account wen solving the Kyzylorda (1.9%) regions. problems of agriculture [1]. The soil under grain in the northern regions The world practice shows that the main of the country such as Akmola (38), Kostanay (32), indicators of state regulation in the development of Northern Kazakhstan (34) and Eastern Kazakhstan rural countries areas are: GDP per capita, average per (31) regions have high quality of locality. Arable land capita income; unemployment rate [2-9]. in these regions is best provided, based on the These indicators are both directly and calculation per a person. indirectly related to the economy of rural areas. Three northern regions (Akmola, Kostanay According to the World Bank classification, and Northern Kazakhstan) have about 38% in the Kazakhstan is referred to the group of countries with structure of agricultural production and three low GDP production in the context of per capita southern regions (Almaty, Zhambyl and Southern income. GP level of agriculture per one rural resident Kazakhstan) have over 30%. Material and technical in the country is 1.8 times lower than in Russia, 1.3 base of agriculture have been strengthening in the times lower than in Ukraine, 3 times lower than in country. In 2005, in comparison with the previous Turkey, 7.5 times lower than in South Korea and year, the number of grain storage facilities increased Germany, 8.8 times lower than in France, 43 times up to 148 units and amounted to 4601 units with the lower than in Belgium. total value of 2,548,3 million tenge, the number of Main part. Level of population income both vegetable storage facilities increased by 6 up to 656 at the place of residence and throughout regions is units at a value of 383.9 million tenge. The number significantly differentiated. In 2009 rural population of poultry farms increased as well - by 11 up to 410 with incomes below the subsistence minimum was units (1,954.1 million tenge), garages for automobiles 32.6%; this is much higher in comparison with urban and tractors - by 47 up to 1105 (1,600,6 million population. This index is lower than average tenge) and by 16 up to 733 (684.3 million tenge), republican one: in Akmola (25.3%), Kostanay respectively, maintenance stations - by 35 up to 1456 (27.4%), Northern Kazakhstan (26.6%), Southern units (1,776,1 million tenge), stationary points of Kazakhstan (23%) regions, but it is higher in service - by 11 up to 214 units (89.5 million tenge). Mangistau (83.6%) and Kyzylorda (52.1%) regions. However, there has been a decline in the number of Monitoring of the current state of agriculture root vegetable storage facilities by 2.9% up to 34 and in Kazakhstan shows that the situation in the sector is fruit storage facilities - by 12.1% up to 29, rooms for stabilizing and tending to grow at different level of cattle and sheep - by 0.5% up to 3716 and by 6.2% - the regions participation in forming the gross product up to 2120 [10]. from agriculture [10-13]. http://www.lifesciencesite.com 276 [email protected] Life Science Journal 2014;11(4s) http://www.lifesciencesite.com Now we shall consider the process of market October 19-28. The frost-free period ranges from 108 mechanism formation at the example of Kostanay to 130 days. The average annual temperature is 0.3- region agricultural production. 2.3°C, in some year increases up to 4.5-5°C or Kostanay is an essential part of the Northern decreases up to 0-1.2°C. The growing season area in term of agricultural production. It is located in increases from north to south amounting to 166-174 the extreme north-west of Kazakhstan between the days. Ural Mountains to the west and the Kazakh hills to The annual rainfall decreases appreciably the east, in the basin of Tobol and Ubagan Rivers. from north to south from 349 to 251 mm. A Kostanay city is the administrative center of characteristic feature of the continental climate is a the region. It was founded in 1879 and is located at significant predominance of warm season Tobol River. There are 16 rural areas, 13 urban-type precipitation (May-October), when 60-80% of the communities, 750 villages and 5 towns: Kostanay, annual norm falls. In the warm period precipitation is Rudny, Lisakovsk, Dzhetygara and Arkalyk. The distributed irregularly. In spring and early summer population of Kostanay region at the beginning of there is little precipitation. In addition, high wind 2009 is 889,368 (454,225 are villagers). speeds (average 5-6 m per sec) cause the rapid The region has a vast area of 114 thousands insiccation of the soil. Most parts of the region sq.km. Favorable economic and geographical territory have the maximum precipitation in the position of the territory, availability of all modes of second half of summer, usually in July. Fair weather transport (except water) provides development of prevails in summer. The duration of sunshine in economic cooperation with the Southern and Middle relation to the possible variant is 60-75%. The Urals, Western Siberia, Central and Western average number of cloudy days in warm period does Kazakhstan. In the north-west and north, the region not exceed 5-8 ones per month. The duration of a day borders on Orenburg and Kurgan regions of the in summer is 16-17 hours Russian Federation, on the east - on Northern There is little snow in winter. It lasts about 5 Kazakhstan and Akmola regions, in the south and months with strong, usually south-western winds and west - on Karaganda and Aktobe regions. The region snowstorms. The average wind speed during winter includes 16 administrative areas; part of the territory months is 4.5-5.5 m per sec. Snow cover is formed is subject to major cities: Kostanay, Rudny, Arkalyk, from November 9 to 26 and is consistent for 132-157 Dzhetygara, and Lisakovsk [10]. days. But the snow is not deep (up to 22 cm), and therefore the soil gets frozen in winter up to 2 m Table 1. Summary of Kostanay region areas deep. Water resources of the region territory are Names of Total Population Agricultural lands, total in thousands of Kostanay area hectares: characterized by numerous small depressions which region areas thousands individuals TOTAL arable land forest are filled with melt water. Some of them are salted or of sq.km resources lands dries up and turns into a pasture. Altynsarin 5.40 15,300 447.40 232.90 7.30 Amangeldy 22.60 17,100 2,154.60 148.90 - Hydrographic shape of the territory has Auliyekol 11.10 47,900 980.20 336.50 8.80 contributed to the development of river network on Denisov 6.80 22,000 621.50 362.80 - Dzhangeldy 37.60 16,200 3,498.50 27.80 - the elevated areas and formation of significant Dzhetygara 7.30 51,100 705.60 313.80 - Kamysty 12.10 15,800 11,135.20 414.60 0.20 number (more than 5 thousand) of inland lakes on Karabalyk 6.90 35,200 601.40 330.00 53.90 Karasu 12.80 29,600 1,226.20 855.00 - dominant parts of the plain landscape. The largest Kostanay 7.50 70,100 661.50 355.60 10.70 Mendykara 6.60 31,800 588.10 331.60 17.50 rivers of the territory are Tobol, Ayat, Uy, Toguzak Naurzum 15.20 13,200 1,441.60 205.20 41.50 Sarykol 6.10 24,700 563.30 301.10 9.70 and Ubagan. The largest lakes - Tengiz, Aksuat, Taran 7.60 28,000 690.40 329.30 0.10 Slivnoye - cannot meet water requirements of Uzunkol 7.20 25,600 615.10 335.20 16.70 Fedorov 7.20 28,400 656.30 416.10 12.70 agriculture and industry in the region, as they do not Note: made by the author according to the Kostanay regional statistical office have sufficient water resource and their spring water A characteristic feature of the region is a is consumed by evaporation [11].