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From Warlord to Emperor: Song Taizu's Change Of
320 peter lorge FROM WARLORD TO EMPEROR: SONG TAIZU’S CHANGE OF HEART DURING THE CONQUEST OF SHU by PETER LORGE Vanderbilt University “The ruler displayed the banner of surrender on the city walls, I was deep in the palace, how could I know this? One hundred and forty thousand soldiers all took off their armor, How is it that there was not even one who was a man?” Lady Fei1 Introduction On February 23rd, 965, Meng Chang 孟昶, the king of Shu 蜀, surrendered to a Song army under the command of Wang Quanbin 王全斌. The Song army had conquered the Shu kingdom (modern Sichuan) in a month, a surprisingly short time given the natural bar- riers that protected it. Although the Shu government fell quickly, the depredations of the Song army that followed instigated widespread rebellion. To make matters worse, part of the Song army mutinied when the generals imposed new discipline on it. In order to protect Chengdu 成都 from the rebellion, Wang ordered the massacre of 27,000 surrendered Shu soldiers camped within the city. A further 60,000 Shu men were killed in the course of suppressing the rebel- lion and putting down the mutiny. My focus in the discussion that follows is on the effect that con- quest and rebellion in Sichuan had upon the Song court during the reign of the first emperor, posthumously known as Taizu 太祖. The course of the rebellion brought home to Song Taizu the difference 1 Houshan shihua 後山詩話, cited in Wang Shizhen 王士禛, Wudai shihua 五代詩 話, Beijing: Renmin wenxue chubanshe, 1998, 301. -
China's Strategic Modernization: Implications for the United States
CHINA’S STRATEGIC MODERNIZATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR THE UNITED STATES Mark A. Stokes September 1999 ***** The views expressed in this report are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Department of the Army, the Department of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. This report is cleared for public release; distribution is unlimited. ***** Comments pertaining to this report are invited and should be forwarded to: Director, Strategic Studies Institute, U.S. Army War College, 122 Forbes Ave., Carlisle, PA 17013-5244. Copies of this report may be obtained from the Publications and Production Office by calling commercial (717) 245-4133, FAX (717) 245-3820, or via the Internet at [email protected] ***** Selected 1993, 1994, and all later Strategic Studies Institute (SSI) monographs are available on the SSI Homepage for electronic dissemination. SSI’s Homepage address is: http://carlisle-www.army. mil/usassi/welcome.htm ***** The Strategic Studies Institute publishes a monthly e-mail newsletter to update the national security community on the research of our analysts, recent and forthcoming publications, and upcoming conferences sponsored by the Institute. Each newsletter also provides a strategic commentary by one of our research analysts. If you are interested in receiving this newsletter, please let us know by e-mail at [email protected] or by calling (717) 245-3133. ISBN 1-58487-004-4 ii CONTENTS Foreword .......................................v 1. Introduction ...................................1 2. Foundations of Strategic Modernization ............5 3. China’s Quest for Information Dominance ......... 25 4. -
GEO Task US-09-01A: Critical Earth Observations Priorities
GEO Task US-09-01a: Critical Earth Observations Priorities Human Health Societal Benefit Area: Infectious Disease User Interface Committee US-09-01a Task Lead: Lawrence Friedl, USA/NASA Infectious Disease Analyst: Pietro Ceccato, Columbia University 2010 GEO Task US-09-01a Study Participants The following people served as expert panelists in the ad hoc Advisory Group for the Human Health Infectious Diseases Societal Benefit Area (SBA) under the Group on Earth Observations (GEO) Task US-09-01a. The advisory group supported the analyst by identifying source materials, reviewing analytic methodologies, assessing findings, and reviewing this report. Ulisses E.C. CONFALONIERI, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Brazil Stephen J. CONNOR, The International Research Institute for Climate and Society, The Earth Institute, Columbia University, USA Pat DALE, Griffith University, Australia Joaquim DASILVA, World Health Organization, Regional Office of Africa, Zimbabwe Ruth DEFRIES, Columbia University, USA Gregory GLASS, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, USA John HAYNES, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Applied Sciences Program, USA Darby JACK, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA Isabelle JEANNE, International Consultant (from Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur/Institut Francilien des Sciences Appliquées), France Erick KHAMALA, Regional Centre for Mapping of Resources for Development, Kenya Patrick KINNEY, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, USA Uriel KITRON, Emory University, -
The Reunification of China: Peace Through War Under the Song Dynasty Peter Lorge Index More Information
Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-08475-9 - The Reunification of China: Peace through War under the Song Dynasty Peter Lorge Index More information Index Alexander the Great, 281 Changzhou, 82 An Lushan Rebellion, 41 Chanyuan, 4, 6–7, 9, 11–12, 15, 17–20, Ancestral Rules, 38 153, 238–9, 244–5, 247, 262–4, Anguozhen, 235 266–75, 277, 286 Anyang River, 99 Chanyuan Covenant, 4, 6–7, 9, 11, 15, 18–20, autumn defense, 256, 262 30–3, 41, 43, 225, 238–9, 244–5, 247, 269–70, 272–5, 277 Bagongyuan, 51 Chen Feng, 38–9 Bai Jiyun, 233 Chen Hongjin, 190 Bai River, 204 Chen Qiao, 173, 176 Bai Zhongzan, 51 Chen Shiqing, 230 Baidimiao, 145 Chen Yaosou, 264 Baigou River, 217 Chengdu, 146, 225, 227–32, 234 Baitian, 161 Chengtian, 18 Baozhou, 245, 265 Chengzhou, 63 Battle of Gaoping, 32, 38, 48, 71, 100 Chiang Kai-shek, 35 Battle of Wangdu, 257 Chinese Ways in War,41 Bazhou, 231 Chizhou, 170–1 Beiping Fort, 265 Chu, 119, 121–4, 126, 128, 131, Beizhou, 266 236, 265 Bi Shi’an, 264 Chu Zhaofu, 166–7 Bian Canal, 92 Chuzhou, 79, 84, 93 Bian Hao, 89 Cizhou, 50 Bian River, 90–1, 98 Clausewitz, 271 Biankou, 95 Comprehensive Mirror Bozhou, 221 Comprehensive Mirror for Aid in Governing, 26–8, 34 Cai River, 118 Caishi, 168, 172, 175 Dahui Fort, 109 Caishiji, 171 Daizhou, 60, 219, 221 Cangzhou, 98, 244 Daming, 156, 197 Cao Bin, 137, 145–6, 149, 169–72, Damingfu, 197 174–5, 179, 186, 190, 193, 208–9, Dangtu, 171 214–19 David Curtis Wright, 42, 272, 274, 276 Cao Han, 87, 179, 203 Davis, Richard, 31, 40 Cao Keming, 226 Dechong, 209 Cao Liyong, 268–9, 271 Defang, 182–3, -
The Publication List of Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network(2006-2014)
马克平. 中国生物多样性监测网络建设: 从 CForBio 到 Sino BON. 生物多样性, 2015, 23(1): 1-2. http://www.biodiversity-science.net/CN/article/downloadArticleFile.do?attachType=PDF&id=9968 The Publication List of Chinese Forest Biodiversity Monitoring Network(2006-2014) 2014 1. Bai XueJiao, Brenes-Arguedas Tania, Ye Ji, Wang Xugao, Lin Fei, Yuan Zuoqiang, Shi Shuai, Xing Dingliang and Hao Zhanqing. 2014. Dynamics of two understory shrub species in old growth and young secondary forests. PLoS ONE, 9(6): e98200. 2. Feng Gang, Svenning Jens-Christian, Mi Xiangcheng, Qi Jia, Rao Mide, Ren Haibao, Bebber P. Daniel and Ma Keping, 2014. Anthropogenic disturbance shapes phylogenetic and functional tree community structure in a subtropical forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 313: 188-198. 3. Feng Gang, Mi Xiangcheng, Bøcher PK, Mao Lingfeng, Sandel Brody, Cao Min, Ye Wanhui, Hao Zhanqing, Gong Hede, Zhang Yutao, Zhao Xiuhai, Jin Guangze, Ma Keping and Svenning Jens-Christian. 2014. Relative roles of local disturbance, current climate and palaeoclimate in determining phylogenetic and functional diversity in Chinese forests. Biogeosciences, 11:1361-1370. 4. Hu Yuehua, Kitching L. Roger, Lan Guoyu, Zhang Jiaolin, Sha Liqing and Cao Min. 2014. Size-class effect contributes to tree species assembly through influencing dispersal in tropical forests. PLoS ONE, 9:e108450. 5. Huang Jianxiong, Zhang Jian, Shen Yong, Lian Juyu, Cao Honglin, Ye Wanhui, Wu Linfang and Bin Yue. 2014. Different relationships between temporal phylogenetic turnover and phylogenetic similarity and in two forests were detected by a new null model. PLoS ONE, 9(4): e95703. 6. Kang Meng, Chang X. Scott, Yan Enrong and Wang Xihua. -
Mating-Induced Male Death and Pheromone Toxin-Regulated Androstasis
bioRxiv preprint first posted online Dec. 15, 2015; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/034181. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not peer-reviewed) is the author/funder. All rights reserved. No reuse allowed without permission. Shi, Runnels & Murphy – preprint version –www.biorxiv.org Mating-induced Male Death and Pheromone Toxin-regulated Androstasis Cheng Shi, Alexi M. Runnels, and Coleen T. Murphy* Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics and Dept. of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA *Correspondence to: [email protected] Abstract How mating affects male lifespan is poorly understood. Using single worm lifespan assays, we discovered that males live significantly shorter after mating in both androdioecious (male and hermaphroditic) and gonochoristic (male and female) Caenorhabditis. Germline-dependent shrinking, glycogen loss, and ectopic expression of vitellogenins contribute to male post-mating lifespan reduction, which is conserved between the sexes. In addition to mating-induced lifespan decrease, worms are subject to killing by male pheromone-dependent toxicity. C. elegans males are the most sensitive, whereas C. remanei are immune, suggesting that males in androdioecious and gonochoristic species utilize male pheromone differently as a toxin or a chemical messenger. Our study reveals two mechanisms involved in male lifespan regulation: germline-dependent shrinking and death is the result of an unavoidable cost of reproduction and is evolutionarily conserved, whereas male pheromone-mediated killing provides a novel mechanism to cull the male population and ensure a return to the self-reproduction mode in androdioecious species. Our work highlights the importance of understanding the shared vs. sex- and species- specific mechanisms that regulate lifespan. -
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Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies
University of Pennsylvania ScholarlyCommons Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations 2013 Genre and Empire: Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies Yuanfei Wang University of Pennsylvania, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations Part of the English Language and Literature Commons, and the History Commons Recommended Citation Wang, Yuanfei, "Genre and Empire: Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies" (2013). Publicly Accessible Penn Dissertations. 938. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/938 This paper is posted at ScholarlyCommons. https://repository.upenn.edu/edissertations/938 For more information, please contact [email protected]. Genre and Empire: Historical Romance and Sixteenth-Century Chinese Cultural Fantasies Abstract Chinese historical romance blossomed and matured in the sixteenth century when the Ming empire was increasingly vulnerable at its borders and its people increasingly curious about exotic cultures. The project analyzes three types of historical romances, i.e., military romances Romance of Northern Song and Romance of the Yang Family Generals on northern Song's campaigns with the Khitans, magic-travel romance Journey to the West about Tang monk Xuanzang's pilgrimage to India, and a hybrid romance Eunuch Sanbao's Voyages on the Indian Ocean relating to Zheng He's maritime journeys and Japanese piracy. The project focuses on the trope of exogamous desire of foreign princesses and undomestic women to marry Chinese and social elite men, and the trope of cannibalism to discuss how the expansionist and fluid imagined community created by the fiction shared between the narrator and the reader convey sentiments of proto-nationalism, imperialism, and pleasure. -
Two Studies on Ming History
THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN CENTER FOR CHINESE STUDIES MICHIGAN PAPERS IN CHINESE STUDIES Ann Arbor, Michigan TWO STUDIES ON MING HISTORY by Charles O. Hucker Professor of Chinese and of History The University of Michigan Michigan Papers in Chinese Studies No. 12 1971 Open access edition funded by the National Endowment for the Humanities/ Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Humanities Open Book Program. Copyright 1971 by Center for Chinese Studies The University of Michigan Ann Arbor, Michigan 48104 Printed in the United States of America ISBN 978-0-89264-012-6 (hardcover) ISBN 978-0-472-03811-4 (paper) ISBN 978-0-472-12757-3 (ebook) ISBN 978-0-472-90152-4 (open access) The text of this book is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ CONTENTS Map opposite page 1 Hu Tsung-hsien's Campaign Against Hsu Hai, 1556 [Prepared for an August 1969 research conference on. Chinese military history sponsored jointly by the American Council of Learned Societies and the East Asian Research Center of Harvard University; to be included in Frank A. Kierman, Jr. and John K. Fairbank, editors, Chinese Ways in Warfare (in preparation)] 1. The Nature of the Military Problem . 1 Traditional Chinese patterns of response to military threats . 1 The unprecedented challenge of Japan-based raiders 2 . Military defense in the southeast through 1555 5 2. Hu Tsung-hsien: His Problems and Policies 7 Defense forces available in Che-hsi 10 3. Hu versus Hstl Hai in the Campaign of 1556 13 Phase I: HsU HaiTs Initial Assault 14 Phase II: The Thrust Inland 16 Phase III: The Siege of T'ung-hsiang . -
For Building Integration Based on BIM Concept
8th International Conference on Applied Energy (ICAE 2016) Energy Procedia Volume 105 Beijing, China 8-11 October 2016 Part 1 of 7 Editors: Jinyue Yan Fengchun Sun SK Chou Umberto Desideri Hailong Li Pietro Campana Rui Xiong ISBN: 978-1-5108-4237-3 Printed from e-media with permission by: Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 Some format issues inherent in the e-media version may also appear in this print version. Copyright© by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Printed by Curran Associates, Inc. (2017) For permission requests, please contact Elsevier B.V. at the address below. Elsevier B.V. Radarweg 29 Amsterdam 1043 NX The Netherlands Phone: +31 20 485 3911 Fax: +31 20 485 2457 http://www.elsevierpublishingsolutions.com/contact.asp Additional copies of this publication are available from: Curran Associates, Inc. 57 Morehouse Lane Red Hook, NY 12571 USA Phone: 845-758-0400 Fax: 845-758-2633 Email: [email protected] Web: www.proceedings.com TABLE OF CONTENTS PART 1 Design Strategy of a Compact Unglazed Solar Thermal Facade (STF) for Building Integration Based on BIM Concept ................................................................................................................................................................................................................1 Jingchun Shen, Xingxing Zhang, Tong Yang, Llewellyn Tang, Yupeng Wu, Song Pan, Jinshun Wu, Peng Xu Effect of Divergent Chimneys on the Performance of a Solar Chimney Power Plant................................................................................7 -
Proquest Dissertations
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from tfie original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis arxj dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or irxJistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print t>leedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black arxl white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order Bell & Howell Information and Learning 300 North Zeeb Road, Ann Artx>r, Ml 48106-1346 USA 800-521-0600 UMI STRATEGIES OF MODERN CHINESE WOMEN WRITERS’ AUTOBIOGRAPHY DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Jing Wang, M.A. ***** The Ohio State University 2000 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Professor Xiaomei Chen, Adviser Professor Kirk Denton ______ Adviser Professor Patricia Sieber East Asian Languages and Literatures Professor Julia Watson UMI Number 9983003 UMI UMI Microfotm9983003 Copyright 2000 by Bell & Howell Information and Learning Company. -
Ant( A'ctrejjej
~ ~ t · Z~nJ'reJJe" N"un" ant(A'ctreJJeJ Empresses and Palace Ladies As mentioned before, up until the end of the Tang dynasty the women of the Inner Palace played a central role in the tradition of women's litera ture. Following the spread of literacy and the increased availability of books from the Song dynasty onwards, though, the Inner Palace lost its privileged position. While the palace ladies remained as literate as before, few of them made a name for themselves in literary history. There was, however, still one genre of poetry in which empresses and palace ladies were at an advantage: the ''palace songs" (gongci). The genre was invented by the mid-Tang poet Wang Jian (766-ca. 835), who composed a series of a hundred quatrains on the topic of life in the Inner Palace. These poems were very much appreciated, but suffered in the eyes of traditional Chi nese critics from one major weakness: Wang Jian had no personal access to the Inner Palace and had derived his information secondhand from palace eunuchs. As poems should be based on personal experience, only a resident of the Inner Palace was truly qualified to write authentic palace songs. In due time, emperors, empresses, and palace ladies obliged. The art-loving Emperor Huizong (r. IIOI-n26) is credited with a series of no less than three hundred palace songs (of which many may actually have been written by his courtiers). The popularity of the genre at Huizong's court may have been spurred on by the discovery in the archives a few Empresses) Nuns) and Actresses 293 decades earlier of a set of palace songs attributed to Lady Huarui.