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Dear Cousins,

I wanted to post this in honor of Veteran’s Day 2018.

The following is a list and short description of military conflicts in which the ancestors of Joseph Angell Holbrook are known to or may have participated. The list of Wars and Conflicts is followed by a list of his ancestors known to date to have been veterans of military service (in any respect) or who may have been killed as a result of any hostile action.

I know the list of ancestors is not complete and welcome any additions or corrections any of you may have.

Next year I would like to expand the list to include names of his descendants who were, or are, veterans of any military service not listed below.

As Always,

Joseph R. Willey

[email protected]

Colonial Wars: (Colonial America)

1607-1615 Tarrantine War (Waged by the Tarrantine Indian tribe against early traders, trappers, and settlers in present day New Hampshire and .

1637 (Waged between English Colonists their Mohegan and Narragansett allies, and the Pequot Tribe over control of the fur trade in Southeastern .)

1675-1676+ King Philip’s War (Named after Metacomet, Chief of the Tribe who adopted the English name of King Philip. The War followed 50-years of mostly peaceful coexistence between Indians and Colonists. The War was caused by Philip’s disdain of the Colonists’ lopsided attitudes and mostly one-sided views about peaceful coexistence. Philip was successful in unifying the , Nipmucks, Podunks, Narragansetts, Nashaways, Mohegans, and against English colonists. The War is considered by some historians to have been the “The First Indian War”. It was the most disastrous event in 17th century New England resulting in the destruction of 12 towns with damage inflicted on many more, the ruination of the economies of Plymouth and Rhode Island Colonies, and loss of one-tenth of all military age men (16-60). More than ½ of all new England’s towns were attacked. Per capita some historians consider it to be the most destructive, deadliest, and bloodiest conflict in the history of our country.)

1689-1697 King William’s War (Initiated by France challenging the right of King James II to his throne. French in with their Indian allies waged war against English forces in New England. Sometimes referred to as the 1st French Indian War.)

1702-1713 Queen Ann’s War (Initiated by England, Holland, and Austria against France to halt French intentions to unite with Spain. All 13 Colonies and their Indian allies participated in military actions against French, Canadian, and Indian forces. Sometimes referred to as the 2nd Indian War.)

1721-1725 Dummer’s War (Disputes regarding the border between and Maine resulted in a series of battles between New England forces and French/Canadian troops and their Indian allies from the Abenaki, Pequawket, Mi’kmaq, and Maliseet Tribes.)

1739-1748 War of Jenkin’s Ear (Conflict between Britain and Spain regarding trade in the and coincided with the King George’s War.)

1744-1748 King George’s War (Sparked by the War of Jenkin’s Ear and the third struggle between Great Britain and France over control of .)

1755-1763 (AKA: the Seven Years’ War was a 4th conflict between Great Britain and France regarding territorial westward expansion by both the French and English and relative claims regarding the border with Canada.)

1759-1761 War (Begun in Virginia when English settlers attacked and killed several Cherokee warriors returning from battles against the French. The War was fought in the Virginias and Carolinas.)

1774 Lord Dunmore’s War (Fought between Virginian colonists and the , Mingo, and Delaware Indians.)

18th Century Wars ()

1775-1783 The Revolutionary War (Colonial America’s war for independence from Great Britain.)

1776-1795 Cherokee-American Wars (Also known as the Chickamauga Wars it consisted of armed conflicts between and Americas. Fighting occurred primarily along the then upper Southwest frontier. During the first phase of the War the Cherokees were allies of the British during the Revolutionary War. In the second stage, the Cherokees allied with Spain against the newly established United States of America.)

1785-1793 (Fought between the United States and a British support confederacy of Indian tribes over control of the .)

1786-1787 Shay’s Rebellion (Pre-Constitution uprising in Massachusetts regarding economic and civil rights violations.)

1791-1794 (Insurrection/protest against the imposition by the Congress of a tax on American produced whiskey. The first tax imposed on by the newly formed federal government on a domestically produced product.)

1798-1800 Franco-American Naval War (Also known as the Quasi-War, it was an undeclared war between the U.S. and France fought almost entirely at sea. Caused by America’s decision, following the French Revolution, to stop payments of its war debt to France; incurred when France came to assistance of American during its Revolutionary War. America claimed the debt was owed to a “previous regime”. In response, the new French Government authorized privateers and it’s navy to attack and seize American ships and their cargos.)

19th Century Wars

1801-1805 1st Barbary War (Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Tripoli; the U.S. and Sweden united to fight against four North African states known collectively as the Barbary States. Pirates from the Barbary States engaged in seizing American merchant ships and holding the crews for ransom was the cause of the war.)

1811 German Coast Uprising (Territory of Orleans; the largest slave revolt in U.S. history on what was then known as ’s German Coast.)

1811 ’s War (Part of the American-Indian Wars and the and fought in what was the Territory of Indiana. Involved the Shawnee tribe.)

1812-1815 War of 1812 (Caused by British interference with American shipping and impressment of American seamen. In the course of the War, British troops invaded the U.S., marched to Washington, D.C. and burned the White House. The Brits also invade Louisiana where they were defeated by general at the .)

1813-1814 (Took place primarily in present day Alabama and along the Gulf Coast. Creek Indian factions aided and supported by British and Spanish factions initiated a conflict against the U.S. with the intent of halting America’s expansion.)

1815 2nd Barbary War (Continued belligerent behavior by the Barbary pirates towards international seagoing traffic resulted in this second war against the Barbary States.)

1817-1818 1st War (Pensacola, ; part of the . Fought against Spain and the Seminole Tribe. The U.S. was victorious and as result Spain ceded Florida to the United States.)

1820-1875 Texas-Indian Wars (A series of conflicts between settlers in Texas and Southern Plains Indian Tribes.)

1823 Arikara War (Along the in what is present day . The U.S. and Indian allies waged a campaign against the Arikara Tribe over trade, primarily the fur trade.)

1825-1828 Aegean Sea Anti-Piracy Operation (Aegean Sea, Greece. U.S. ships were dispatched to the region to suppress piracy.)

1827 Winnebago War (Fought in Illinois and Michigan Territories, primarily in present day Wisconsin over lead mining rights. Part of the American -Indian Wars involving the Winnebago tribe.)

1832 1st Sumatran Expedition (Fought on the Island of Sumatra against the Aceh Sultanate over a Sumatran attack on a U.S. merchant vessel resulting in the massacre of that ship’s crew.)

1832 (Part of the American Indian Wars fought along the in the state of Illinois and Michigan Territory, present day Illinois and Iowa.)

1835-1842 2nd Seminole War (Florida, part of the American Indian Wars.)

1836 War of Texas’ Independence from

1838 2nd Sumatran Expedition (A second expedition deployed to Sumatra in response to Sumatran attacks on American merchant vessels.)

1838 (Fought in Maine and , Canada, this conflict regarded the international border between Maine and the British colony of New Brunswick.)

1842 Ivory Coast Expedition (Part of the African slave trade patrols intended to suppress the slave trade. Expedition was launched following attacks by Bereby pirates against American merchant vessels.)

1846-1848 Mexican-American War (Fought in Texas, , California and Mexico. Caused by Mexico’s refusal to accept the cession of Texas following the War of Texas’ Independence. The War started after Mexican forces attacked American forces. The War concluded with Mexico recognizing the Rio Grade River as their northern border with the U.S. and their cession of California and New Mexico territories to the U.S. This is the war in which the Mormon Battalion served.)

1847-1855 (Oregon, part of the American-Indian Wars involving the Cayuse tribe.)

1851-1900 Wars (Southwestern United States, part of American-Indian Wars.)

1855-1856 Puget Sound Wars (Washington State, part of the American-Indian Wars involving the Nisqually, Muckleshoot, Puyallup, and Klickitat Tribes. Fought over land rights.)

1855 1st Fiji Expedition (Fiji, occurred during Fijian Civil War in response to alleged arson attacks on the American Commercial Agent.)

1855-1856 (Oregon, part of the American-Indian Wars involving tribes occupying the Rogue River Valley in present day southern Oregon. Caused by uncontrolled settlement of the region created through the and gold rushes.)

1855-1858 3rd Seminole War (Florida, part of the American Indian Wars. Started after Seminole attacks on Army patrols.)

1855-1858 (, part of the American-Indian Wars. Started as a result of an influx of lawless prospectors, two of whom were killed by Indians after raping a Yakama woman. Involved the Yakama, Walla, Umatilla, , and Cayuse tribes.)

1856-1859 2nd Opium War (China, Hong Kong ceded to Britain. Although American naval vessels shelled several shore fortifications, the U.S. played a minor role in this conflict.)

1857-1858 War (, Federal troops were deployed to the Utah Territory out of concerns the leadership of the LDS Church intended on rebelling against U.S. authorities.)

1858-1866 Wars (, part of the American-Indian Wars.)

1859 2nd Fiji Expedition (Fiji, following the killing of two American traders on the Fijian Island of Waya, the U.S. Navy launched a punitive expedition against the Wayans.)

1859 John Harper’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry (; pre-Civil War conflict. Following abolitionist John Brown’s raid on and occupation of the U.S. arsenal at Harper’s Ferry, (West) Virginia, Federal troops were dispatched to retake the arsenal and restore peace.)

1859-1861 1st and 2nd Cortina Wars (Texas and Mexico caused when Mexican rancher and bandit Juan Cortina at separate times led paramilitary forces against U.S. troops, Confederate troops, Texas Rangers, and local Texas . The raids occurred in the Valley and targeted Anglo settlements along the Rio Grande.)

1860 (Pyramid, Lake Territory, part of the American-Indian Wars involved the Paiute, , and Bannock tribes.)

1861-1865

1861-1875 Yavapai Wars ( Territory, part of the American-Indian Wars involved the Yavapai, Apache, Yuma, and Mohave tribes)

1862 Dakota Wars (Minnesota and Dakota Territory, part of the American-Indian Wars involved the Dakota Sioux tribe.)

1863-1865 War (Colorado, Wyoming and Nebraska Territories, part of the American-Indian Wars involving the , , and Sioux tribes.)

1863-1864 Shimonoseki War (Kanmon Straits, Japan, regarded enforcing open trade with Japan; marked the beginning to the end of the Japan’s Samurai class.)

1864-1868 (Oregon, Nevada and California, Part of the American-Indian Wars involved the Paiute, Shoshone, and Bannock tribes.)

1865 Powder River War (Wyoming Territory, Part of the American-Indian Wars. Involved the Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes.)

1866-1868 ’s War (Wyoming Territory, Part of the American-Indian Wars. Involved the Lakota- Sioux, Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes)

1867 Formosa Expedition (Formosa, China (present day Taiwan), anti-piracy expedition)

1867-1875 Campaign (Western U.S., part of the American-Indian Wars. Involved the Cheyenne, Arapaho, Comanche, and tribes.)

1871 Korea Expedition (Gangwado, Korea. Expedition was intended to support American diplomatic and trade delegations. Korean shore batteries fired on the U.S. fleet prompting an armed response by U.S. Marines.)

1872-1873 (California and Oregon, Part of the American-Indian Wars. Involved the Modoc tribe.)

1874-1875 (Texas, marked an end to the Texas-Indian Wars. Involved the Comanche, Cheyenne, Kiowa, and Arapaho tribes)

1875 Las Cuevas War (Texas and Mexico, regarded returning of stolen horses to Texas.)

1876-1877 (Montana, Dakota and Wyoming Territories. Part of the American- Indian Wars. Included Custer’s Last Stand at the Battle of the Little Big Horn. Involved the Lakota-Sioux, Dakota-Sioux, Northern Cheyenne, and Arapaho tribes)

1876-1877 Buffalo Hunters’ War (Texas and Oklahoma, part of the American-Indian Wars. Involved the Comanche and Apache tribes.)

1877 (State of Oregon and Territories of , Wyoming, and Montana. Part of the American-Indian Wars. Involved the Nez Perce and Palouse tribes.)

1878 (State of Oregon and Territories of Idaho and Wyoming. Part of the American- Indian Wars involving Bannock, Shoshone, and Paiute warriors.)

1878-1879 Cheyenne War (Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, South Dakota, and Montana. Part of the American-Indian wars. Involved the Cheyenne tribe.)

1879 Sheepeater Indian War (Idaho Territory, part of the American-Indian Wars involving the Shoshone Tribe AKA: Sheepeaters.)

1879-1881 ’s War (Mexico; waged against Apache Chief Victorio.)

1879-1880 White River War (Colorado, part of the American-Indian Wars involving the Ute Tribe.)

1890-1891 Campaign (South Dakota, part of the American-Indian Wars involving the Sioux Tribe and included the massacre at Wounded Knee.)

1891-1893 Garza Revolution (Texas and Mexico, began when Mexican revolutionary Catarino Garza launched a coup from Texas against Mexican dictator Porfirion Diaz.)

1896-1918 Wars (Arizona and Mexico, part of the American-Indian Wars involving the Yaqui, Pima, and Opata tribes. It was during this conflict in the last battle of the American- Indian Wars was fought.)

1898-1899 2nd Samoan Civil War (A conflict between Germany, Britain, and the U.S. over who would have control of the Samoan Island chain.)

1898 Spanish-American War (, , , and . Resulted in the collapse of the and acquisition by the U.S. of Puerto Rico, Guam, and the Philippines and temporary control of Cuba.)

1898-1934 ( and the Caribbean, U.S. military occupations, interventions, and police actions intended to stem injustices, corruption, lawless societies, and labor abuse in .)

1899-1902 Philippine-American War (Philippines, begun by Philippine insurrectionists seeking to gain independence from any foreign power, specifically the United States.)

1899-1913 Moro (Muslim) Rebellion (Southern Philippine Islands including Mindanao, Jolo, the Sulu Archipelago, begun by Philippine Muslims seeking independence any foreign power as well as from the Philippine State.)

1899-1901 (China, anti-foreign, anti-colonial, and anti-Christian uprising initiated by the United in Righteousness. The British referred to its members as “Boxers” because many of its members were practitioners of Chinese martial arts, called Chinese Boxing by Westerners.)

20th Century Wars

1909 Crazy Snake Rebellion (Oklahoma, confrontation between members of the Creek Tribe and government officials regarding land allotments.)

1910-1919 Border War (U.S.-Mexican border, part of the Mexican Revolution took place after Mexican Rebel forces led by Pancho Villa attacked Columbus, NM. U.S. forces led by Gen John (Blackjack) Pershing launched attacks against the Rebels inside northern Mexico. Marked the last U.S. horse mounted charge in American history.)

1912 Negro Revolt (Cuba, part of the Banana Wars that consisted of armed conflict between Afro- Cuban rebels and armed forces of Cuba and the United States.)

1912-1933 Occupation of (Nicaragua, part of the Banana Wars. Began at the request of the Nicaraguan president to assist the Nicaraguan military protect American citizens and guard the U.S. diplomatic mission before, and during Nicaragua’s 1926 civil war.)

1914-1915 (Utah and Colorado, part of and one of the last armed conflicts of the American- Indian wars. Involved the Ute and Paiute tribes.)

1914 Occupation of Veracruz (Mexico, part of the Mexican Revolution. Caused by poor relationship between Mexico and the U.S. The occupation followed the arrest and subsequent arrest of nine American sailors by Mexican authorities.)

1915-1934 Occupation of Haiti (Haiti, part of the Banana Wars. Followed a period of political instability in Haiti, including political assassinations and forced exiles resulting in six presidents within a four- year period.)

1916-1924 Occupation of the (Dominican Republic, part of the Banana Wars. Occurred following a period of political instability in the Dominican Republic and to protect U.S. diplomatic missions and U.S. interests.)

1914-1918 (A global conflict directly caused by the assassination of Archduke Ferdinand with associated, main term causes identified as 1) the existing system of alliances between countries, 2) , 3) nationalism, 4) crisis existing before 1914, 5) questions regarding treatment of the Balkans following the fall of the Ottoman Empire, and 6) relative domestic issues existing in the individual war power states.)

1918-1920 Russian Civil War (Russian, Mongolia, and Iran. During WWI, Allied countries began sending arms shipments to and thru Russia. In Feb. 1917, the Tsarist government in Russia abdicated power and was replaced by a provisional government. WWI was unpopular with the Russian populace, feeding to continued political and social unrest leading eventually to assumption of power in Russia by the Communists, more specifically Vladimir Lenin. In early 1918, Germany invaded Russia and threatened to impose its own regime. In Feb 1918, Lenin secured approval from his council to ally with Germany, switching Russia’s support from the Allies to Germany. Meanwhile, beginning in 1914, the Allies had been sending shipments of arms and military supplies to and through Russia. Concerned that stockpiles of military supplies in Russia would end up in the hands of either the Germans or Communists, the Allied Powers landed troops in Russia to prevent supplies from reaching Germany.)

1923 Last Indian Uprising (Utah. Following their trial and conviction for stealing a sheep, assaulting the owner, slaughtering a calf, and burning a bridge, two Ute teenagers escaped custody and along with other members of their tribe fled to the desert around Navajo Mountain. The incident ended after a short standoff and firefight.)

Ancestors of Joseph Angell Holbrook Who Are Known Veterans

Ames, John2---(1647-1726) Of Bridgewater, Plymouth, MA. Distinguished himself in battle during the bloody King Philip’s War 31 Jul 1676.

Angell, Hope3, Lt.---(1685-1759) Of Providence, Providence, RI Appointed Lieutenant in the militia.

Angell, John2, SGT---(1646-1720) Of Providence, Providence, RI, Appointed SGT in the militia 01 Jun 1713.

Anthony, John1 Corporal---(1607-1675) Of Portsmouth, RI served in the militia 1644.

Babbitt (Bobit), Edward1---(1627-1675) Of Taunton, MA. Killed by Indians during the King Philip’s War , Jun 1676

Babbitt, Edward2---(1655-1732) Of Taunton, MA. Served in the 3rd Squadron of Taunton's militia in April 2682, during the King Williams War.

Botsford, Henry1 Corporal---(1608-1686) Of Milford, CT. Served in the militia in 1654 during the First Anglo-Dutch War 1654.

Bunce, Thomas1---(1612-1683) Of Hartford, CT. In 1637, he served in the Pequot War. In 1671 and 1672 he was granted 60 acres and 50 acres of land respectively for his service in that war.

Chapin, Josiah2 Capt.---(1634-1726) Of Mendon, MA. Served in the local militia from at least 1682 to at least 1692, including service during the King William’s War. He held ranks ranging from Sergeant to Captain.

Clark, Thomas1---(1650-1739) Of Scituate. One of the men from Scituate that served n the King Philip’s War and later filed requests for service related land grants.

Cooper, Thomas1 LT.---(1617-1675) Of Springfield, MA. He was a noted Indian fighter And was killed by Indians on 05 Oct 1675 during the King Phillips War.

Gereardy, Philip1 LT.---(1626-1718) Of New Amsterdam, Dutch Colony of new Netherlands and later of Providence, RI. Served as Lieutenant in the Dutch militia at New Amsterdam (present day Manhatten).

Graves, John2---(1621-1677) Of Hatfield, MA. Served in the militia, and was killed by Indians on 19 Sep 1677 during the King Philip’s War .

Graves, John3 SGT---(1653-1730) Of Hatfield, Ma. Served in the militia in Feb 1704 during the King Williams War. He fought in the tragic Battle of Deerfield Meadows. A battle in which another of our ancestors Sgt. Benjamin Waite was killed by attacking Indian and French forces.

Hadlock, James2---(1645-1707) of Massachusetts, Connecticut, and . Served from Mar-Sep in the King Phillips War.

Holbrook, John4---(1679-1765) Of Braintree and Bellingham, MA. Served as a Cornet (Lt.) in the militia.

Holbrook, John6---(1751-1839) Of Sturbridge, MA. Served 2 enlistments during the Revolutionary War.

Holbrook, Joseph8---(1806-1885) Of Florence, NY and other places, served in the Mormon Militia and as a Lt. in the . Suffered a wound at the Battle of Crooked River during the Missouri Mormon War.

Holbrook, Thomas2--- (162-1697) Of Braintree, MA. In Oct 1676, he served in Capt. Jonson's company during the King Philip’s War.

Howard, John1 Lt.---(1620-1700) Of Bridgewater, MA. In 1660 at age 40 he was appointed to be one of the first military officers in Bridgewater. He fought in the King Philip’s War

Johnson, John1 “Capt.”--- (1588-1659) Of Roxbury, MA. Served in the Massachusetts Militia from 1642 to 1659. He was appointed Surveyor General of Arms and Ammunition. Served for unknown number of years as the Captain of Roxbury. MA’s Military Company.

Leonard, John1---(1614-1676) Of Springfield, MA. KIA by an Indian’s arrow in the neck while crossing the Agawam River on 21 Feb 1676 as part of a force reacting to a nearby Indian attack, in King Philip’s War . His son-in-law was killed on Oct 1675 when Indians raided Springfield, his daughter, her husband and their child were killed by Indians a month after he was killed, and another son-in-law Sgt. Benjamin Waite (a Hero in King Philip’s War ) was killed in Feb 1704 by French and Indian forces in the Battle of Deerfield Meadows during the King Ann’s War.

Marcy, Moses2, COL---(1702-1777) Of Sturbridge, MA. Served and fought in the 1} French & Indian War (1755-1763), 2) possibly the Drummer’s War (1721-1725), 3) War of Jenkins’ Ear (1739-1748), 4) King George’s War (1744-1748), and 5) Lord Dunmore’s War (1744)

Morris, Edward1, LT---(1631-1689) Of Woodstock, MA where he was the first military officer, King Williams War 1689, He was the first military officer (present day Woodstock, Connecticut).

Morton, Abraham7 Corporal ---(1762-1839) Of Guilford, VT. He served with the Vermont Troops in the Revolutionary War.

Mott, Adam2---(1596-1661) Of Providence, RI. Appointed Clerk of the Colony of Rhode Island’s Militia in 1641.

Parker, Edward1--- (?-1662) Of New Haven, CT. He was a member of New Haven Colony’s Militia

Rockwood (Rockett), Benjamin3---(1651-1747) Of Medfield, MA. Fought in the King Phillips War, WIA 1677.

Root, Thomas2---(1605-1694) Of Hartford, CT. Served during the Pequot War 1637

Smith, Christopher1---(1600-1676) Of Providence, RI. Was designated a SGT.

Smith, Edward2, SGT--- (1636-1693) Of Providence, RI and son of SGT Christopher Smith. Was appointed SGT in the Town’s militia in 1662.

Smith, Edward3---(1667-1726) Of Providence, RI son of SGT Edward Smith and grandson of SGT Christopher Smith. Served in a leadership role in April 1697 during the King Wiliam’s War.

Smith, Samuel1, LT---(1602-1680) Of Watertown, MA; Wethersfield and Hartford, CT) Commanded the Militia company at Wethersfield, Colony of Connecticut, served in King Philip’s War and retired from his militia duties in 1678.

Tisdale, John1---(1614-1675) Of Taunton (Springfield), MA. Killed by Indians in King Phillips War (KIA 27 Jun 1675)

Tripp, Edward4---(1709-1780) Of Portsmouth, RI, served in the 1761 French & Indian War campaign

Tripp, John2Sergeant---(1640-1720) Of Portsmouth, RI militia (1697) Waite, Benjamin2, SGT---(1645-1705) Of Hatfield, MA, King Philip’s War ; he was the Hero of the Swamp Fight. On 19 Sep 1677, Indians attacked Hatfield massacred 12 inhabitants and took SGT Waite’s wife Martha (daughter of another of our ancestors John Leonard, who was killed by Indians in Feb 1676) and their daughters hostage and transported them to Canada. Waite organized a rescue party, traveled to Canada, and after paying a ransom secured their release. He also fought in the King Williams War. He was KIA by French and Indian attackers in the battle at Deerfield Meadows 29 Feb 1704 Queen Ann’s War.

Waite, Jeremiah3---(1684-1733) Of Hatfield, MA. Son of Benjamin; served in the militia during the Queen Ann’s War.

White, John2 SGT---(1636-1665) Of Hatfield, MA. Served as Sergeant in the militia.

Whitman, Abiah2, SGT---(1646-1728) Of Weymouth, MA. Served during King William’s War 1693