Dear Cousins, I wanted to post this in honor of Veteran’s Day 2018. The following is a list and short description of military conflicts in which the ancestors of Joseph Angell Holbrook are known to or may have participated. The list of Wars and Conflicts is followed by a list of his ancestors known to date to have been veterans of military service (in any respect) or who may have been killed as a result of any hostile action. I know the list of ancestors is not complete and welcome any additions or corrections any of you may have. Next year I would like to expand the list to include names of his descendants who were, or are, veterans of any military service not listed below. As Always, Joseph R. Willey [email protected] Colonial Wars: (Colonial America) 1607-1615 Tarrantine War (Waged by the Tarrantine Indian tribe against early traders, trappers, and settlers in present day New Hampshire and Maine. 1637 Pequot War (Waged between English Colonists their Mohegan and Narragansett allies, and the Pequot Tribe over control of the fur trade in Southeastern New England.) 1675-1676+ King Philip’s War (Named after Metacomet, Chief of the Wampanoag Tribe who adopted the English name of King Philip. The War followed 50-years of mostly peaceful coexistence between Indians and Colonists. The War was caused by Philip’s disdain of the Colonists’ lopsided attitudes and mostly one-sided views about peaceful coexistence. Philip was successful in unifying the Wampanoags, Nipmucks, Podunks, Narragansetts, Nashaways, Mohegans, and Pequots against English colonists. The War is considered by some historians to have been the “The First Indian War”. It was the most disastrous event in 17th century New England resulting in the destruction of 12 towns with damage inflicted on many more, the ruination of the economies of Plymouth and Rhode Island Colonies, and loss of one-tenth of all military age men (16-60). More than ½ of all new England’s towns were attacked. Per capita some historians consider it to be the most destructive, deadliest, and bloodiest conflict in the history of our country.) 1689-1697 King William’s War (Initiated by France challenging the right of King James II to his throne. French in Canada with their Indian allies waged war against English forces in New England. Sometimes referred to as the 1st French Indian War.) 1702-1713 Queen Ann’s War (Initiated by England, Holland, and Austria against France to halt French intentions to unite with Spain. All 13 Colonies and their Indian allies participated in military actions against French, Canadian, and Indian forces. Sometimes referred to as the 2nd Indian War.) 1721-1725 Dummer’s War (Disputes regarding the border between Acadia and Maine resulted in a series of battles between New England forces and French/Canadian troops and their Indian allies from the Abenaki, Pequawket, Mi’kmaq, and Maliseet Tribes.) 1739-1748 War of Jenkin’s Ear (Conflict between Britain and Spain regarding trade in the Caribbean and coincided with the King George’s War.) 1744-1748 King George’s War (Sparked by the War of Jenkin’s Ear and the third struggle between Great Britain and France over control of North America.) 1755-1763 French and Indian War (AKA: the Seven Years’ War was a 4th conflict between Great Britain and France regarding territorial westward expansion by both the French and English and relative claims regarding the border with Canada.) 1759-1761 Cherokee War (Begun in Virginia when English settlers attacked and killed several Cherokee warriors returning from battles against the French. The War was fought in the Virginias and Carolinas.) 1774 Lord Dunmore’s War (Fought between Virginian colonists and the Shawnee, Mingo, and Delaware Indians.) 18th Century Wars (United States) 1775-1783 The Revolutionary War (Colonial America’s war for independence from Great Britain.) 1776-1795 Cherokee-American Wars (Also known as the Chickamauga Wars it consisted of armed conflicts between Cherokees and Americas. Fighting occurred primarily along the then upper Southwest frontier. During the first phase of the War the Cherokees were allies of the British during the Revolutionary War. In the second stage, the Cherokees allied with Spain against the newly established United States of America.) 1785-1793 Northwest Indian War (Fought between the United States and a British support confederacy of Indian tribes over control of the Northwest Territory.) 1786-1787 Shay’s Rebellion (Pre-Constitution uprising in Massachusetts regarding economic and civil rights violations.) 1791-1794 Whiskey Rebellion (Insurrection/protest against the imposition by the Congress of a tax on American produced whiskey. The first tax imposed on by the newly formed federal government on a domestically produced product.) 1798-1800 Franco-American Naval War (Also known as the Quasi-War, it was an undeclared war between the U.S. and France fought almost entirely at sea. Caused by America’s decision, following the French Revolution, to stop payments of its war debt to France; incurred when France came to assistance of American during its Revolutionary War. America claimed the debt was owed to a “previous regime”. In response, the new French Government authorized privateers and it’s navy to attack and seize American ships and their cargos.) 19th Century Wars 1801-1805 1st Barbary War (Mediterranean Sea off the coast of Tripoli; the U.S. and Sweden united to fight against four North African states known collectively as the Barbary States. Pirates from the Barbary States engaged in seizing American merchant ships and holding the crews for ransom was the cause of the war.) 1811 German Coast Uprising (Territory of Orleans; the largest slave revolt in U.S. history on what was then known as Louisiana’s German Coast.) 1811 Tecumseh’s War (Part of the American-Indian Wars and the War of 1812 and fought in what was the Territory of Indiana. Involved the Shawnee tribe.) 1812-1815 War of 1812 (Caused by British interference with American shipping and impressment of American seamen. In the course of the War, British troops invaded the U.S., marched to Washington, D.C. and burned the White House. The Brits also invade Louisiana where they were defeated by general Andrew Jackson at the Battle of New Orleans.) 1813-1814 Creek War (Took place primarily in present day Alabama and along the Gulf Coast. Creek Indian factions aided and supported by British and Spanish factions initiated a conflict against the U.S. with the intent of halting America’s western expansion.) 1815 2nd Barbary War (Continued belligerent behavior by the Barbary pirates towards international seagoing traffic resulted in this second war against the Barbary States.) 1817-1818 1st Seminole War (Pensacola, Florida; part of the American Indian Wars. Fought against Spain and the Seminole Tribe. The U.S. was victorious and as result Spain ceded Florida to the United States.) 1820-1875 Texas-Indian Wars (A series of conflicts between settlers in Texas and Southern Plains Indian Tribes.) 1823 Arikara War (Along the Missouri River in what is present day South Dakota. The U.S. and Sioux Indian allies waged a campaign against the Arikara Tribe over trade, primarily the fur trade.) 1825-1828 Aegean Sea Anti-Piracy Operation (Aegean Sea, Greece. U.S. ships were dispatched to the region to suppress piracy.) 1827 Winnebago War (Fought in Illinois and Michigan Territories, primarily in present day Wisconsin over lead mining rights. Part of the American -Indian Wars involving the Winnebago tribe.) 1832 1st Sumatran Expedition (Fought on the Island of Sumatra against the Aceh Sultanate over a Sumatran attack on a U.S. merchant vessel resulting in the massacre of that ship’s crew.) 1832 Black Hawk War (Part of the American Indian Wars fought along the Mississippi River in the state of Illinois and Michigan Territory, present day Illinois and Iowa.) 1835-1842 2nd Seminole War (Florida, part of the American Indian Wars.) 1836 War of Texas’ Independence from Mexico 1838 2nd Sumatran Expedition (A second expedition deployed to Sumatra in response to Sumatran attacks on American merchant vessels.) 1838 Aroostook War (Fought in Maine and New Brunswick, Canada, this conflict regarded the international border between Maine and the British colony of New Brunswick.) 1842 Ivory Coast Expedition (Part of the African slave trade patrols intended to suppress the slave trade. Expedition was launched following attacks by Bereby pirates against American merchant vessels.) 1846-1848 Mexican-American War (Fought in Texas, New Mexico, California and Mexico. Caused by Mexico’s refusal to accept the cession of Texas following the War of Texas’ Independence. The War started after Mexican forces attacked American forces. The War concluded with Mexico recognizing the Rio Grade River as their northern border with the U.S. and their cession of California and New Mexico territories to the U.S. This is the war in which the Mormon Battalion served.) 1847-1855 Cayuse War (Oregon, part of the American-Indian Wars involving the Cayuse tribe.) 1851-1900 Apache Wars (Southwestern United States, part of American-Indian Wars.) 1855-1856 Puget Sound Wars (Washington State, part of the American-Indian Wars involving the Nisqually, Muckleshoot, Puyallup, and Klickitat Tribes. Fought over land rights.) 1855 1st Fiji Expedition (Fiji, occurred during Fijian Civil War in response to alleged arson attacks on the American Commercial Agent.) 1855-1856 Rogue River Wars (Oregon, part of the American-Indian Wars involving tribes occupying the Rogue River Valley in present day southern Oregon. Caused by uncontrolled settlement of the region created through the Oregon Trail and gold rushes.) 1855-1858 3rd Seminole War (Florida, part of the American Indian Wars. Started after Seminole attacks on Army patrols.) 1855-1858 Yakima War (Washington Territory, part of the American-Indian Wars.