OR / BIBLE / LITERA OR’S GUIDE D I U G S ’ R TO C U R T S N I E R U AT R E T I L / E L B I B / RY TO S I H HISTORY OF J SCIENCE Leaning Tower of Pisa Pisa, Italy
FUN FACT Zeno proved the existence of infinity in 450 BC. Thank you for downloading this sample of Sonlight’s History / Bible / Literature J Instructor’s Guide (what we affectionately refer to as an IG). In order to give you a full perspective on our Instructor’s Guides, this sample will include parts from every section that is included in the full IG.
Here’s a quick overview of what you’ll find in this sample. Ҍ A Quick Start Guide
Ҍ A 3-week Schedule
Ҍ Discussion questions, notes and additional features to enhance your school year
Ҍ A Scope and Sequence of topics and and skills your children will be developing throughout the school year
Ҍ A schedule for Timeline Figures
Ҍ Samples of the full-color laminated maps included in History / Bible / Literature IGs to help your children locate key places mentioned in your history, Reader and Read-Aloud books
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History Bible Literature
History of Science
By the Sonlight Team
“The fear of the LORD is the beginning of knowledge, But fools despise wisdom and instruction.”
Proverbs 1:7 (NKJV)
INSTRUCTOR’S GUIDE Sonlight Curriculum® “History of Science” Instructor’s Guide and Notes, Third Edition Table of Contents Copyright © 2018, and annually 2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. Introduction to Your Instructor’s Guide All Rights Reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval sys- • Table of Contents tem, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechani- • Quick Start Guide cal, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations embodied in critical articles or printed reviews, without prior written permission of the publisher. However, permission is hereby granted to the original Sonlight Curriculum Ltd. purchaser only to reproduce as Schedule and Notes many copies of the Schedule Pages, Evaluation Form, and Certificate of • A Weekly SCHEDULE for History, Bible, and Read-Alouds Completion as necessary for his or her immediate family’s use. • NOTES for History and Bible “Do to others what you would have them do to you” (Matthew 7:12). Instructor’s Guide Resources “The worker is worth his keep” (Matthew 10:10). •“History of Science”—Scope and Sequence: Schedule for Topics and Skills Published by • Maps—Answer Keys Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. 8042 South Grant Way Littleton, CO 80122-2705 USA Phone (303) 730-6292 Fax (303) 795-8668 E-mail: [email protected] NOTE TO PURCHASER Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. is committed to providing the best homeschool resources on the market. This entails regular upgrades to our curricu- lum and to our Instructor’s Guides. This guide is the 2020 Edition of the Sonlight Curriculum® “History of Science” Instructor’s Guide and Notes. If you purchased it from a source other than Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd., you should know that it may not be the latest edition available. This guide is sold with the understanding that none of the Authors nor the Publisher is engaged in rendering educational services. Questions relevant to the specific educational or legal needs of the user should be addressed to practicing members of those professions. The information, ideas, and suggestions contained herein have been developed from sources, including publications and research, that are considered and believed to be reliable but cannot be guaranteed insofar as they apply to any particular classroom or homeschooling situation. The Authors and Publisher specifically disclaim any liability, loss, or risk, personal or otherwise, incurred as a consequence directly or indirectly of the use and application of any of the suggestions or contents of this guide.
Printed in the United States of America.
For the latest information about changes in this guide, please visit www.sonlight.com/curriculum-updates. Please notify us of any errors you find not listed on this site. E-mail corrections to [email protected] and any suggestions you may have to [email protected]. Section Two
Schedule and Notes P Quick Start Guide Complete, ready-to-use lesson plans What’s included in your History / Bible / Literature All your books and activities are fully Instructor’s Guide. scheduled for the entire year. No need to create your own lesson plans or coordinate the reading. With Sonlight’s daily readings all scheduled, you’ll read good books and talk This IG covers Bible, History, Geography, Read- with your children about what you’re learning. You’ll be amazed at how much Alouds, and Readers. Each day you open your you all learn, so easily and enjoyably. With notes and teaching tips along the Engage with History as you WhatIG, do youthe given get in assignments, a History and—if / you want andway, your the childrenSonlight History learn / Bible together. / Literature Instructor’s Guide is guaranteed to a formal record of what you have done—check help you love to learn, and love to teach. Bibleor date / Literatureeach box as you IG: complete it. If your With Sonlight’s daily readings all scheduled, you’ll read good books and talk with your Complete,state requires ready-to-use a record lesson of how plans many hours you children about what you’re learning. You’ll be amazed at how much you all learn, so easily Alldedicated your books to aand subject, activities you are also fully have scheduled space to and enjoyably. With notes and teaching tips along the way, the Sonlight History / Bible / forrecord the entire the time year. youNo needspent. to create your own Literature Instructor’s Guide is guaranteed to help you love to learn, and love to teach. lesson plans or coordinate the reading.This IG covers Bible,Day-by-day History, Geography, Schedule Read-Alouds, and The Sonlight IG schedule lets you see your Week Overview Readers. Each day you open your IG, do the given Level A: History/Bible/Literature 123456 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 assignments,entire week and—if at a glance. you want Each a formalschedule record is broken of Days 26–30: Date: ______to ______19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 whatout intoyou haveeither done—check four or five ordays date of each material box as for you Week 6 completeeach of theit. If 36 your scheduled state requires weeks. a record The firstof how column indicates the various subjects or topics you will be Date: Day 26 Day 27 Day 28 Day 29 Day 30 many hours you dedicated to a subject, you also studying. (i.e. Bible, History, Read-Alouds, etc.) Egermeier’s pp. 86–88 pp. 88–90 pp. 91–93 pp. 94–96 pp. 96–98 have space to record the time you spent. Bible Story Book The second column lists the titles of each book or Memorization F: Fear not, for I have redeemed you; I have summoned you by name; you are mine. (Isaiah 43:1) assignment.1 Day-by-day The scheduleremaining columns include the BIBLE day-by-dayThe Sonlight assigned IG schedulepages or lets tasks. you see your Sing the Word: From “Fear Not”—Track 6. Listen to this track the entire week. A to Z entire week at a glance. Each schedule is broken out into eitherDiscussion four or five Questions days of material for each of Adventures in Ancient pp. 32–33 pp. 34–35 pp. 36–39 pp. 40–47 Each IG includes various types of discussion Greece the 36 scheduled weeks.The first column indicates questions—including review, comprehension, and The Usborne Internet- pp. 124–125 the various subjects or topics you will be studying.
HISTORY & HISTORY Linked Children's GEOGRAPHY open-ended questions, with answers. Focus on the Encyclopedia (i.e. Bible, History, Read-Alouds, etc.) The second key points, maximize the time spent, and assess Dolphin Adventure chaps. 1–2 chaps. 3–4 chaps. 5–6 chaps. 7–8 column lists the titles of each book or assignment. Thehow remaining well your columnschildren include understand the day-by-day what they’re The Llama Who Had p. 15 learning. Use it as best suits your needs. No Pajama assigned pages or tasks.
The Arnold Lobel Book pp. 28–29 pp. 30–31 pp. 32–33 of Mother Goose 2 DiscussionTimeline Questionsand Map Points READ-ALOUDS YouIncorporate are able to geography customize andnaturally plan your into day your James Herriot's "Oscar, Treasury for Children Cat-About-Town" soschool that it day. meets Students your needs use andthe theMarkable needs of Map your student. Some customers follow the schedules Developmental Act out a play on politeness. to make a visual connection to how all their
©2018 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2018 by Activity religiously.TheyReaders, history do books, everything and scheduledRead-Alouds each relate day Field Trip/Practical duringgeographically. that day. Others A hole-punched, read ahead, or laminated drop a book, answer Life Skills
MISCELLANEOUS orkey work map through folds intoseveral your days’ IG. worth Timeline of one activities or two tell Additional Subjects: subjectsyou when in a to day add (Reading, people, or events, History, and for example),dates to your andTimeline similarly Book. the next day, and so on, until they have completed all the assignments for the week. It’s your Instructor’s Guide. Use it as best suits your needs.
3 Timeline and Map Points Watch your students’ geography knowledge soar! Mapping helps you incorporate geography naturally into your school day. Younger students use
N Parental Notes Map Point Timeline Figure d Timeline Suggestion
Intro to the World: Cultures | 5-Day | Section Two | Week 6 | 15
18 Try before you buy! Get a three week sample of any Sonlight Instructor’s Guide – FREE! sonlight.com/samples
©2018 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved.
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three-week sample of any of sample three-week
Get a Get Sonlight Instructor's Guide Instructor's Sonlight pp. 228–232 pp. 134–136 19 pp. Chapter is first published by Benjamin Franklin Benjamin Franklin is first published by Physician in Philadelphia (1734) Every Man his own Doctor; or, the Poor Planter’s Planter’s the Poor Doctor;Every Man his own or, New York (D3) (map 5) New York What did apothecaries do? [p. 135] did apothecaries [p. do? What medicines they mixed Did the telegraph idea come easily to Samuel Morse? easily to idea come Did the telegraph helped him Vail Alfred on it with little profit; no; he worked helped and with the design financially and got the patent of as members of a thought Barber-Surgeons were Why 135] than doctors? class [p. lower know to have they dirtiedbecause they didn’t their hands, books, read need to they didn’t special languages, any carve, to who knew just seen as craftsmen how they were bodycut, and sew up the human The book mentions that “people thought it was inde- it was thought “people that book mentions The (E3) (map 4) (E3); Cambridge (E3); Oxford London
Day Day Landmark History of the Amer. People, Vol. 1 Vol. People, History Amer. the Landmark of 165 162 d cent or irreligious to dissect a human body. And if anyone if anyone And dissect to a human body. or irreligious cent Why all.” if he did it at he did it in secret did such a thing, this perspective? think people of the time took do you which Christianity, came from Some of the influence everybelieves human being is uniquely made in God’s a certain is such, there of holy respect As amount image. especially the human body creation, God’s for and awe be made in the image said in the Bible to people are since Fortunately, instance). of God (see Genesis 1:26-27, for God created since that some Christians also understood and everything the world they had a duty explore in it, to which included creation, understand God’s and seek to many is why This the human body works. learning how and of science on the forefront eventually Christians were made in God’s beings are human that given Still, medicine. sci- for with human remains Christians who work image, as C.S. awe,” “trembling purposes should do so with entific 136] 226). [p. p. “Vivisection,” put it (God in the DockLewis , Q: A: and Map Points Timeline Timeline and Map Points Timeline Read Discuss After You To Q: A: Literacy Cultural something is unre- means that that a saying pipe dream: 19th in late originated phrase The alistic or unattainable. or visions people dreams to century America in reference 136] smoking [p. from experience opium pipes. would in Charlottesville, estate Jefferson’s Thomas Monticello: 136] [p. Virginia. Read Discuss After You To Q: A:
| 1 of 2 Year American History, to Intro 5-Day e ready to move on to the next subject! e ready Therefore I remember You from the land of the Jordan from You I remember Therefore Mount Mizar. the peaks of Hermon,And from So my soul pants for You, O God. You, for soul pants So my God? and appear before shall I come When “Where God?” is your long, me all day to they say While And why have you become disturbed within me? become you have why And Him I shall again praise for Hope in God, the help of His presence. For within me. within me. and lead the throng go along with I used to For the house of God, to them in procession a multitude and thanksgiving, of joy the voice With keeping festival. O my God, my soul is in despair within me; my God, O my As the deer pants for the water brooks, brooks, the water for the deer pants As the living God; for God, My soul thirsts for and night, day food been my My have tears soul and I pour out my things I remember These soul? O my in despair, you are Why 6 1 2 3 4 5 pp. 200–205 pp. Psalm 42:1–6 Psalm Why didn’t France want to buy Fulton’s diving boat? diving boat? buy Fulton’s to want France didn’t Why buy it? to did want Who Napoleon found a leak; the English government make and try did Robert his Where Fulton first steamboat? France go? steamboat York New his did Hudson the up far How 150 miles West. in the of the first steamboat Describe the route the Ohio River, down starting it went Pittsburgh, from Mississippi the New Orleans to then down James is a very practical life book. us that He reminds Continue to memorize Psalm 42. Psalm memorize to Continue
Day Day All The Beginner’s American History American Beginner’s The Bible ReadingBible Memorization (Bible) 161 Cultural Literacy Cultural a ship using steam-driven propellers steamboat: propulsion. for Read Discuss After You To Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: 114 | 33 Week | Two Section | isn’t all rainbows and roses, but that we must work hard, hard, must work we but that and roses, all rainbows isn’t says. Word the and do what Godturn times, in difficult to Him. James story follow if we can be part of God’s We Christ brings through the freedom in live us to also urges is firmly set on one that kindThis of life, His forgiveness. work, and hard story trouble through being part of God’s in your is exactly Daniel and his friendsdemonstrate what reading. children’s How it works: How 1. the schedule. Read the assigned pages from 2. Do the vocabulary and Discussion Questions. 3. Do the timeline, Map, and any other activities. 4. Now you’r
Teaching tips Teaching Detailed teaching notes each week Notes the schedule, youImmediately following Vocabulary and Cultural Literacy Literacy Cultural and Vocabulary notes The IG is a guide, not a task master. As you become comfortable teaching your children, you can skip or alter assignment to fit your family’s unique needs. Flexible format Flexible Because many families end up ahead of behind in a subject—at least occasionally—the IGs Some are structured for maximum flexibility. They customers follow the schedule religiously. do everything scheduled each day during Others read ahead, or drop a book, that day. or work through several days’ worth of one or history, or two subjects in a day (reading, for example), and similarly the next day, and so on, until they have completed all the assignments for the week. explain assignments and provide extra youinformation about important topics to help will teach get the most from your materials. You with confidence! Literature Guide, you will find reading andassignments and notes for the Read-Alouds A-CReaders. (In the early elementary Levels programs, Readers are packaged separately paceto allow an adjustable reading level and included them have not for your children. We about Readers more in this sample. Learn the packages at sonlight.com/readers.) Follow notes for Read-Alouds and Readers as you would the History/Bible notes. Note: At the back of your History / Bible / will find each week’s history notes. Bible and notes help you instructThese extensive teaching and ensureyour students with excellence, Notes providethat they grasp key concepts. arguments, clarification, counter-balancing The and commentary. further explanations, about specificIG notes also offer warnings so you can discussbooks or difficult content, as racism andimportant issues—such poverty—with thoughtfulness. Find clear definitions for important vocabulary clear definitions Find Enjoy useful in your reading. that appears depth to your notes that add Cultural Literacy probably explain things students reading and skirt looks like). what a hoop know (e.g., don’t ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. 4. 3. 2. 1. 1–4:Date:Days ______to ______Level J: History/Bible/Literature chart asyour children your requires finishit. If state/country chart in thecorner ofeachassignment schedule ontheweekly Record Keeping “How to” Quick Start Information “How to” Start Quick
To keeptrack ofyour progress, simplyplace acheckmark Find thenotes for both thenotesSee for the Bible that your familyusesmore frequently, pleasefeel free to doso. We cite theNIVversions inourschedulef Find thenotes for theBiblereadings page. inthenotes onthenext READERS READ-ALOUDS HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY BIBLE The Thief Holes Current Events Shadowand String, Straightedge, Way LeadsAristotle the ofScience: The Story Memorization Bible Reading God WithDisappointment Date: Book of Nature Poetry ofNature Book Geographic National 3 titles on the next page. titlesonthenext History Section ThreeRead-Alouds. andReadersinSection This provides structure for addedflexibility various reading levels. three reports weekly; at leasttwo ofinternational concern.Eighth & Ninth Grade: weekly; three reports at leastoneofinternational concern.Seventh weekly; Grade: two reports Use thefollowing box to record whenyou have completed theactivity. Hebrews 4:14–16 2 preface–chap. 1 Chronicles 1:1; chaps. 1–2 chaps. 1–5 Prologue pp. 6–7 chap. 1 9:1–34 Day 1 Day or your convenience. However, ifyou would prefer to have your children memorize anotherversion ofthe d 2
1 Chronicles 10 Additional Subjects: chaps. 6–7 N pp. 8–10 chap. 3 chap. 1 chap. 2 Day 2 Day
Week 1 Parental Notes add eachchild’s to orhours. thecheckmark initialsnext to reuse your Instructor’s Guidewithasecond child, then thenrecordsubject, that information aswell. you If decide pleted aproject,and/orhow many hours you spent ona you to keepadailyrecord ofwhen(what date) you com-
1 Chronicles chaps. 8–12 (mid–page) pp. 20–28 pp. 11–12 92 12 32 52 72 93 13 33 536 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 1 11:1–25 chap. 3, chap. 4 chap. 2
Day 3 Day d Map PointMap 01 21 41 61 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2
History of Science
12:1–3, 8,14–19, Timeline Figure chaps. 13–17 1 Chronicles pp. 28–33 chap. 3, Week Overview chap. 5 hp chaps. 4–5 chap. 3 38–40 Day 4 Day d p. 13
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Section Two
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Timeline Suggestion 1 Chronicles 13 chaps. 18–22 chaps. 6–7
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Day 5 Day d Week 1
| 1 ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. cise for your voice: don’t sing don’t voice: your cise for our vocal chords, try “singing” your “singing” try chords, our vocal In order to loosen y In to order can you note the lowest it at “singing” Begin passage. its full rise through voice and then let your reach, - “sing Keep range—to can sing. you the highest note rise and fall from voice letting your passage, your ing” its bottom. to and back down its top to note its bottom loosening exer Another but begin- expression, without it, the passage; just say are you until ning in a whisper and building volume voice speech, but let your your saying Keep shouting. oscillat- Continue softer it is just a whisper. until grow finished have you shouts until whispers to ing from both ends of at relaxed feel you speech, or until your spectrum. vocal your If you would like further information on how to use use like further to would If how on you information field trip sheets, planning extra pages, schedule For the read start Please this title. off with the year We least ten at passage(s) your through Each week, read of their make the presentation to children your want We speakers usually nervous, beginning Because are they “tighten tendency a natural to good speakers have Even loosen: things public speakers need to two are There
Disappointment With God Memorization (Bible) 2. the instructor guide, please login to your Sonlight Ac- your to please login the instructor guide, the the My section and go to Downloads access count to and "Getting Guide" Your of the Structure "Understanding Started" documents. the My guide go to your specific to and other documents to (available section SonlightDownloads Account of your only). purchaser original are There of the week. the course over scheduled chapters book, this enjoy. and for so please read no notes the pas- recite best to works it Some say students times. gestures use all your you Make sure times a day. sage two effects. of vocal and the full range It as possible. should not dramatic memorization as naturally and interesting. be lively but it should dramatic, be overly with little voices, speak in tiny They often fail in this area. dynamism (inflection, or change in volume emphasis, If they one section another), and stand stiffly. from to and the motions look unnatural motions, make any choppy. than they or drama and speak with less dynamism up” making public presentations, before Therefore, ought. “loosen up.” good speakers will children Help your and their bodies. chords their vocal so they can do this week exercises practice the following “onstage.” going before them easily next week 1. Further information and documents useful Science symbol on the sched- History of History
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o Section Tw Section
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symbol. Handwrite these suggestions into the these suggestions into Handwrite symbol. symbol indicates it has an accompanying figure figure it has an accompanying symbol indicates dd Week 1 Week
| We provide map suggestions from the assigned reading reading the assigned map suggestions from provide We Your students will record significant people and events people and events significant will record students Your The In the “To Discuss After You Read” section, the compre- Read” You Discuss After “To In the Knowing definitions is critical to understanding. That’s That’s Knowing understanding. critical is definitions to we the words categorize we In guides, all of our study if defined while that, words are terms Literacy Cultural When a timeline suggestion denotes a range of dates of dates a range suggestion denotes a timeline When Time- on the can be found suggestions and figures All Complete the map assignments included in all of the the map assignments Complete
2 Map Points in the Study Guide. Look for the for Look Guide. in the Study Timeline fill you’ll book. timeline in a spiral–bound Over the years, knowledge student's and understanding this book as your of history expands. To Discuss After You Read Discuss After You To focus children your help to meant hension questions are importanton some of the more aspects you of the stories is to with this additional material Our intent together. read every get need to bit you with the resources you provide a book. possibly can from you of enjoyment Vocabulary & Cultural Literacy & Cultural Vocabulary why we’ve included important included vocabulary in your terms we’ve why Guide. Instructor’s your words are words Vocabulary ways. in two highlight texts—not in other just encounter will probably students these words list We curriculum.those included in this the book in which they of the text from within an excerpt to students challenge your may you so that found are of in the context using the clues found define the terms short these Simply read aloud quotes story. of the the rest of the the meaning you can tell students and see if your terms. bold italicized and deepen their will broaden reading, are students your gen- are these words text.understanding of the However, expect wouldn’t and we content, course specific to erally You basis. or hear them on a regular read students your a co- by in bold followed formatted use these words, may glossary. like a convenient more lon and their definitions, in the Sonlight Timeline Figure packet. Place these stickers Place packet. Figure Timeline in the Sonlight marked suggestions are Timeline timeline book. your into with a (e.g., 1865–1890), we recommend that you use the ending you that recommend 1865–1890), we (e.g., Timeline. on your when placing the figure date in Section Schedule, Four. line Figure timeline book as well. timeline book as well. ule page and in the notes. Use the coordinates and the the coordinates Use ule page and in the notes. on the find each location to name in the notes location Then, colorful of the guide. laminated maps in the front blank, on your each location note children your have Markable pen. Map using a washable are children your the stories to lend context guides to their knowledge of geography. and improve reading ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. A: Q: We have don't to wonder how to peoplelearned farm. son, Cain, brought food offerings to theLord (Genesis 2,4). first people, Adam andEve, worked inagarden; andtheir growth" [p. 2]. When we read theBible, we that learn the between soilandtime maketheconnection seeds, "to "someone withascientific mind"figured outhow to plant To You After Discuss Read about what you believe aboutthat beginning. beginning. thatries explain Earth's Talk withyour students the beginning oftheworld. hassto- Each culture onEarth books,Science andwe seekto keepthat connection. because ourScience program of thenaligns withtheHistory tional titlesusedintheprogram. We scheduleitthisway and assign day, reading extra onthefifth withtheaddi- 4. 3. ALL The Story of Science: Aristotle Leads the Way ofThe Leads Science: Story Aristotle Day Day
1
In Hakim's pre–recorded history, Hakim's In shepostulates that The book opens with three wildly different quotes about We books, ofScience schedulefor usea4–day theHistory stars andcreated alunar–based calendar used thewheel;invented cuneiformwriting; studiedthe some were free to "study, plan,invent andthink";they traders, classes; laborers; theyhadgoverning andserving a farmer orherder, butsomewere priests, craftsmen, theydividedthework—notand schools; was everyone city–states withtemples the Sumeriansbuiltwell–to–do tion?" [p. 2] Why isSumerconsidered firstgreat the"world's civiliza- them before anaudience. faster, more dramatic than you would ever planto do exaggerated motions:make themotionsfarbroader, etc. Another exercise: saying your speechwith try yourshoulders, legs, shaking doingjumpingjacks, ing your arms, rolling your headincircles onyour orderIn to looseny think ofany otheremotionst you’re angry. Embarrassed. Excited. Sad… Ho! Ha!Hee!Hee!” (etc.). Then pretend various emotions?S yourHow voice aboutworking (andface) through Chapter 1 Hebrews 4:14–16 16 15 14
us hold firmly tous holdfirmly thefaithwe profess. has ascended into heaven, ofGod, let JesustheSon Therefore, since we have agreat who highpriest grace to helpusinourtimeofneed. hedidnotsin. are—yet way,who hasbeentempted in every justaswe confidence Let usthenapproach God’s throne ofgrace with empathize withourw For we donothave whoisunableto ahighpriest , sothat we may receive andfind mercy our body: try swinging andshak- try our body: tart withabellylaugh: tart “Ho! Ho! eaknesses, butweeaknesses, have one o pretend?
. Can you in 1445–1405B.C. date), withGenesis–Deuteronomy beingwritten by Moses ofJobastheoldestbook(withanunknown lists theBook date theOld Testament asolderthanthat. BibleGateway language.Indo–European [p. 9]Jews would andChristians the Rig–Veda religious "is theoldest–known inany text To You After Discuss Read d d d d Timeline Points Map and is eternal. ginning, whichdiffers from ideathat theearth theHindu A: Q: was–each–book–of–the–bible–written/. Accessed January 1,2018. Accessed January was–each–book–of–the–bible–written/. Bible Writt 1. A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q:
Day
2 In thefirstquote ofthischapter,In theauthorstates that hadabe- agree andChristians Scientists that theearth Petersen, Jonathan. BibleGateway Blog, "When Was ofthe EachBook (Sumerians had a moon god; Egyptians god; hadasungod) (Sumerians hadamoon calendar. Each was thattheyworshipped basedonthegod based) cycle. The Egyptians developed asolar(sun–based) the Sumeriancalendar was basedonthelunar(moon– and Egyptian calendars? What inspired thedifference? What was thedifference between theancient Sumerian explained innumbers, ratios, andmathematical equations the universe seemsto work inways thatcan precisely be “Physical lawsshould have mathematical beauty.” Basically, How donumbersandmath withscience? intersect islife?” isthisuniverse and“What ofoursallabout?” “What beginning? What two questionshave scientists askedfrom the andwillingto observant investigatebe newideas “staying awake andkeeping your mindopen”: basically, What doyou needto beascientific thinker? a theory testing apossibility,after thetests, ifitsurvives itbecomes When doesahypothesis become atheory? an untested answer oranideaapossibility What isahypothesis? plain theunexplained, introduced thathadbeen by myths question, andtheysearch foranswers; theysought to ex- witha scientistsstart and emotion;science seeksproof; myths explaintheunexplainablethrough imagination help form science? How isscience different from myth? How didmyths your bo Iraq Egypt (Mesopotamia); (usethemaponpage5in Assyrian Empire (950–612B.C.) Babylonian Empire (1750–539B.C.) Ziggurat 2100B.C.) ofUr(ca. Sumerian civilization 3100–2000B.C.) (ca. Chapter 2 en?" https://www.biblegateway.com/blog/2016/02/when– ok) History of Science 1
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Section Two
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Week 1
| 3 ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. - (map 2) (D10) (I4), China (D8) (map 2) Chapter 3, pp. 28–33 3, pp. Chapter Stonehenge, England (E2) (map 1) Stonehenge, India (H5) (map 3) Mexico Palenque, Palenque astronomical center (600–800 A.D.) center astronomical Palenque (ca. 3000–1500 B.C.) Stonehenge on Mesopotamia (use the map located Babylon, page 5 in the book) Emperor Yao establishes lunar calendar establishes (ca. B.C.) 2357 Yao Emperor page 5 in on located (use the map Mesopotamia,Egypt the book) Swaziland the Egyptians, perhaps visit thinking that the sun could the Egyptians, of during the day and the 12 regions the 12 constellations the underworld at night 30] [p. from? come week the seven-day did Where planets) plus (really observed “stars” the Babylonians five up with a seven-daythe sun and moon, and came week or relative? Is time absolute for a person on Earth it is a bit different relative: than for as well the speed of light is different in space; an astronaut arithmetic between and geom- is the difference What etry? 32] [p. and multiplication arithmetic is addition, subtraction, and measuring division; geometry space, is about shapes, How do clock time and calendar time differ? [p. 29] [p. time differ? do clock time and calendar How and again morning and evening, clock time is cyclical, time is linear: and it goes on a timeline, again; calendar which is earlier than 1982 is earlier than 1 A.D. 1000 B.C. came up with a 24–hour day? Who
While the author gives credit to the Egyptians and the the Egyptians to credit the author gives While Rationale: Knowing understand- is critical definitions to
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Day dd dd Q: A: of the week, and the days day, the 24–hour for Babylonians Bible in Genesis talks about "morning and eve the Hebrew and in 6 days the world with God creating coupled ning", the week). (the structure for on the seventh resting Q: A: Q: A: and Map Points Timeline dd Vocabulary included important vocabulary we’ve why That’s ing. terms common More Guide. Instructor’s in your terms followed first, listed not know may are children your that literacy provide that cultural terms applicable, where by, known. be commonly not but may stories depth to water. the air or over waft: pass smoothly through to short–lived. ephemeral: Read Discuss After You To Q: A: Q: A: Timeline and Map Points Timeline Science (D10) (map 2) History of History
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o Section Tw Section
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(D4), India (D8), China (E4) (map 4) Chapter 3, pp. 20–28 (mid–page) 3, pp. Chapter Greece Greece Egypt Peru Week 1 Week
Why does the moon dazzle and disappear? does Why the earth, around and dependingthe moon on travels it is in its orbit, people on earthwhere or less of it see more What are equinoxes? are What 20 or 21 and September March 22 or 23, In spring and fall, about the same length when day and night are is the analemma? What the figure–eight during the rising sun makes that pattern the showing diagram “a accurately, more or, the year, as its mean motion in the sky, deviation of the sun from on the earth” location a fixed from viewed What is the summer solstice? The winter solstice? winter The is the summer solstice? What June 20 or 21, when the sun appears at its highest point in the sky (apex), the day lasts the longest, the first day of winter; Decem- in the southern hemisphere, summer (or, and the first day ber 20 or 21, the shortest day of the year, of winter) What fixed event helped the Egyptians determine the determine helped the Egyptians event fixed What length of a solar year? the start at of the Nile flooding reappearance Sirius’s Why did the ancient peoples create calendars? peoples create did the ancient Why plant and harvest when to farmers tell to causes the seasons? What the tilt of the earth the sun) from (not the distance a single rose may not look like the established pattern, established pattern, the look may not like a single rose births the average; fol- look like most roses though even birth single but any progression, may not a general low that progression look like What does it mean that “It’s the average pattern of a pattern average the “It’s that it mean does What tusks elephant or or sunflowers of roses sample large any how be sure can never You is predictable. that turn out”? may single one | "Chinese, Jewish, and Islamic calendars are still lunar" [p. still lunar" [p. Jewish, and Islamic calendars are "Chinese, Young Earth reject the idea of the Paleo- Creationists Young
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Day
4 Q: A: A: A: Q: Q: A: A: Q: Q: A: Q: A: Q: celebration Year the Chinese New why explains This 23]. and of each year, the beginning at days on different occurs rotate. the Jewish and Muslim holidays To Discuss After You Read Discuss After You To when the refer- in the book as mentioned lithic period, "about bone being, is made about the baboon's ence lived men have that believe They 21]. old" [p. 37,000 years thinking and that with does align about 10,000 years, for history. recorded Timeline and Map Points Timeline A: Q: ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. A: Q: To You After Discuss Read A: Q: To You After Discuss Read A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: (p. 12). explains:Wikipedia mirrors up to 409”. including singlemirrors 323” indiameter, andsegmented was published, theworld has18telescopes larger insize, thoughintheyears ofitskind, sinceearliest thisbook Palomar.” This 200-inchdiameter Haletelescope isthe To You After Discuss Read String, Straightedge, and Shadow Straightedge, String, Day Day Day
3 2 1 Today, theproper descriptor isnolonger “Primitive man” The authormentions hugetelescope“the at Mount three, four, five, andsixsides. Today, we are removed from such ascircles andspirals, with andgeometric shapes oftheuniverse, gallery nature shows shapes intheart Summarize thischapter. weight. We, too, senseofmathematics have asixth ofrhythm,extent, harmony, symmetry, direction, massand too, have aninherent understanding, to greater orlesser cal order oftheuniverse (spiders’ webs, bees’ comb). Humans, animalshave aninherent understandingofthemathemati- Summarize thischapter. ern science andinvention theoretical whichlaidthefoundationformod- geometry ometers? What hasbeen theresult ofthework oftheGreek ge- “geo” (metria)ismeasurement and“metry” isearth Where doestheword “geometry” come from? string, straightedge, andshadow mathematical discoveries? What three tools did theancient peopleuseto make has beenusedto justifyconquering them. Historically, assigning “primitive” to otherpeople indigenouscultures.to pre–industrial describe such asanthropologists andhistorians, usedit less politicallycorrect, some Western authors, capitalistsociety.an industrial While becoming might beconsideredsociety lessdeveloped than tures systems; withwriting orahunter–gatherer considered lessculturally sophisticated thancul- a culture that lacksawritten languagemight be ic sophistication ordevelopment. For instance, lieved to lackcultural, technological, oreconom- the term “primitive culture” refers be- to asociety Chapter 2 Chapter 1 Prologue In olderanthropologyIn anddiscussions, texts each society liveseach society goesagainstthat thinking. progressing forward, ofpeopleandhow butthevariety live closeto nature. Evolutionists believe manisalways curred Noah's after flood. Q: A: Q: takeitasfactual. don't forward andenjoy through it, but time. herstory Read peoples. The authorimagines how mathematics moved native. We have nowritten accounts from theseancient To You After Discuss Read A: Q: A: Q: 6.[chap.Genesis 5] ancient theBible, text, andthereference canbefound in wereArk written incubics. This reference comes from the A: Q: To You After Discuss Read A: Q: A: Day Day
4 5 Even today, somepeoplegroups lacktechnology and Young Creationists believe Earth that theStone Age oc- Please note that thischapter isspeculative andimagi- The authormentions that thedimensionsofNoah's and filledwithfear, aswell asthebeautiful the west, ortheturningofseasons, would stressful be nature, butfortheearliestpeoples, even thesunfading in mired, astheauthorimagines? What was probably form thefirstgeometric to bead- andpatternsant (curves are more aesthetically pleasing) to make lifemoremore pleas- stablethanone),andinart, down aninclinethanup;three stickstiedtogether were intechnics, to make lifeeasier(itwas easierto pusharock what two waysIn didtheStone Age menusegeometry? dimension could layoutaccurate quickly rightangles markers: apre–measured setofropes inthe3–4–5 boundary realizedsurveyors that,itwas easyto accurately checkthe trianglehassidesof, aright–angle say, 3’, 4’, and5’;once the [chap. 5] What does “3–4–5” have surveying? to dowithswift irrigation ditches were dug appropriately divided landinto ensure rightanglesandwhohelped lizations (theNile, Tigris, andEuphrates), themenwho theywere oftheancientriver thesurveyors valley civi- What do?[chap. didrope–stretchers 5] asameasurement oftime How mathematicians didearly useshadows? [chap. 4] circumscribing thefullcircle grass inthecircle; children mightrunattheendofavine, ananimaltethered mightpress down orgraze allthe How were thefirstcircles probably made? thecircle: asinthesun,eye, andraindrops inapond Chapter 3 Chapters 4–5 History of Science
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Section Two
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Week 1
| 5 ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Why study current events? There are many reasons. reasons. many are There events? study current Why An I need. what “Just son or daughter. your says “Great,” right! That’s know I need to do Hong Kong and about “But why that cares Who extend this reasoning. could we Perhaps acknowledge to I want them directly, answering Before neither are We in another position. But most of us are the purpose of for us in this world placed God hasn’t none of us can possibly do this job on our own. Now, none of us In on the one hand, turn, this means that, pray will we how especially, pray—and will we But how One is to help children become familiar with the names familiar become help children One is to become students When in the news. are that and events able better are they events, these names and familiar with articles read to the same people or about the in the future events. same or related in the news so I can read the news read to assignment the future!” the are —These about the GATT?” do I care What 1997? began me when we asked kinds daughter of questions my she said, “Look,” reports her. from events current requiring and about the murder Clinton President about “the news or the fact that in Denver, down yesterday place took that But this other stuff … !” interesting. the Rockies that’s won: Or what (or wherever)? in Denver place took a murder basketball, a certain that does it matter baseball (football, about anything? cares Who a game? won or other) team besides our about anything be concerned should we Why matter? that for family, local community … or our own fair questions. are These over–in- become possible to least theoretically it is at that people in this world a few are there I can imagine formed. “being and the news to who spend so much time listening useful. do anything time to have they never that informed” useful activities many engaged in so we nor are informed in- become the time to afford cannot possibly we that be entertained to prefer We simply selfish. are We formed. know. act and to we on what be informed than to rather act to as Hisbeing entertained. us here God has placed and perverse crooked genera- “a in ambassadors of light bring every and every us to He wants people group tion.” under His control. of life area In do together. all of us to is something God has given This need each other. we other words, knowneeds to about everything in the happens that us to possible for if it were God Even knowsworld: that. us effectively be impossible for know it would everything, however, the same time, At so much information. use to our brothers for pray if we God hears our prayers, since us, for and if they pray in the world elsewhere and sisters (and they) can help we our prayers, God answers and since praying. tasks by each other do our respective about our brothers know anything don’t we effectively—if can Reading the news in the world? elsewhere and sisters they what going through, help us know they are what us appreciate they might and what experiencing, are about. praying A Rationale for Studying Current Events for Studying Current A Rationale Science History of History
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o ory of Science book) Section Tw Section
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structure(2730 B.C.) Pyramid at Saqqara—oldest at Pyramid man–made stone Syria—oldest known (5000 B.C.) village Jarmo, (use the map on River valleys Euphrates Tigris, Nile, St page 122 of The Week 1 Week
How could rope–stretchers determine length? [chap. 5] length? [chap. rope–stretchers determine could How a distance: measure they could ropes, using standardized fold it in half for half for twice the distance, double the rope the distance—they used body parts as units of measure How did the rope stretchers determine whether the whether determine stretchers did the rope How 5] [chap. sound? dimensionally were canals a weighted A, with out of a wooden a level they made on the they used a plumb line and down, string hanging canals edges of the | We believe that by middle school, students need to need to students middle school, by that believe We ought students believe we grade, in seventh Beginning the same article read read children Please as your or unfamiliar term, an uncommon If came across you about current hold these discussions best time to The
Current Events d d d d 6 Report begin learning that world affairs—matters of social, politi- of social, affairs—matters world learning that begin for appropriate concern—are and cultural economic, cal, about these mat- should be informed They their interest. biblically appropriate be forming to and they ought ters, Kingdom, they of God’s citizens opinions about them. As informed) therefore, (and, be gracious called upon to are the peoples and kingdomsambassadors to of this world. position on the of their own a statement add to begin to and feel they believe why and explain issues of the day must report times each week, students Three as they do. regional, local, of significant on some matter verbally read they have that concern or international national, who the must state They week. about during the previous makes the matter in the case and what are protagonists of the matter effects the potential are What significant. (or the two are What or another? turning out one way In issues)? side as well as (issues about arguing sides more) re- such verbal should make two students grade, seventh reports.ports three each week. In grades, and ninth eighth your aid in to information and add background understanding. children’s cultural, historical, whatever children your Give it. explain as talk about any as well can, you and other background be might children with which your situations parallel their studies of historyfamiliar from or other cultures. the dinner table. is over events Timeline and Map Points Timeline Q: A: A: Q: ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Christian and/orKingdom–Oriented Periodicals and current events, we are happy to suggestthe following: zines that canprovide abroader ontheworld perspective forCurrentA BriefListofMagazines Newspapers Events and Study neverof optionswe consider. would otherwise places, we broaden ourhorizons andmindsto allmanner else doingthesamethingbefore. anewideaifyou’velikely to try never heard ofanyone people group you’ve never heard of?Hardly! Norare you to leadusinnewdirections. opportunity current events, by reading thenewspaper we give the God sisters around theworld enjoy becausewe keepupon to from learn otherpeople’sus theopportunity mistakes. givecurrent ingeneral—can events—as astudyofhistory when we thinkwe “have itsobad.” Finally, astudyof ers don’t. Perhaps we to will learn keepourmouthsshut may helpusseethat blessingsthat we oth- enjoy certain to arighteous envy. Then again,astudyofcurrent events they lookedat theChristians, we perhaps willbestirred do not. As theApostle Paul saidconcerning theJews as we blessingsthat we seethat somepeopleenjoy certain our experiences: “We don’t have itsobad.” Then again, We see, for instance, that we are notalone insomeof context. It’s similarto what we gainby studyinghistory. the world, we getto seeourlocalsituation inabroader brothers andsisters elsewhere around theworld. is sowe canpray andeffectively knowledgeably for our • you forIf are newspapers, looking newsletters ormaga- becomingBy informed aboutotherpeoplein Imagine. Are you a likelyto gosomeplace orserve benefitswe thedirect Besides andourbrothers and Another reason: by reading of news from otherparts So, ourfirstreason for keepinguponcurrent events
same address. available for three ormore mailedto subscriptions 951–5437; www.gwnews.com/sonlight tions, P.O. Box 2330,Asheville, NC28802,USA;(800) fond ofthismagazine!Order from God’s World Publica- news andanalyze Western culture. We have grown very that articles “scoop” themainstream mediaonbreaking from thefrontlines ofmissions, numberof asurprising a Biblicalbent, concise mediareviews, andreports Includes, besidesconcise headline news analyzed from ably thorough, thoughtful, andthought–provoking. coverage ofnational andinternational news isremark World, abi–weekly, isaforce to bereckoned with. Their or international concern. Adult version ofthemagazine evaluate andcomment onsomematter ofcurrent U.S. pro–Western. eachissueusesScriptureto Onearticle content. Editorial slant isconservative, anti–socialist, Weekly Reader.” humaninterest High andU.S.–oriented theschoolyear. during weekly Reminiscent of “My fore God’s WorldPublications. ofgraded Aseries (there , easyto read), eight–page publications published . Discounts - - Secular PeriodicalsSecular • • • • •
245–8151. six–week, risk–free by subscription calling(877) trial our familyread thismagazinefaithfully. You cangeta in theworld at large. oftheadultmembers Most quick takeonmostcurrent events ofany sig atively littleadvertising rel-Street. At Journal only42pageslong, andcarrying For side, theconservative quote theyoften theWall fair editorial voice to allsidesoncontentious issues. have found, theyviewtheirrole asgiving arelatively a liberal bias, but, more thanany we otherperiodical mestic andinternational. general, In theeditors hold from awiderange ofsources,more—pulled bothdo- popular(tabloidgossip), business, tech, and TV), types—political, economic, social ably prefer thefollowing: days. you If are likemeinthisway, thenyou willprob- what theprevious hashappenedduring seven to 31 fully digested andthere canbedeeperanalysis of inwhichthenewscals: journals hasbeenabitmore ters. Therefore, Iprefer andmonthly periodi- weekly much information abouttoo many insig States. or call(800)456–2220.Available onlyintheUnited ence Monitor, P.O. Box Moines, 11202,Des IA50340; than almostany othernewspaper. Write Sci- Christian provides better dailynews coverage ofworld events not written from perspective, aChristian theMonitor world, theMonitor istheplace to turn. Though clearly ofwhat ishappeningarounda dailyoverview the Scienc The Christian phone numberabove. allgenres), andvideos. address See (virtually and perspective, ofallthelatest films,musicalrecordings analyses, fromthe–minute aconservative, Christian the publication itselfhasmatured. Filled withup–to– more have andmore asourkids grown olderand another magazinethat we have come to appreciate Focus ontheFamily Colorado Springs, CO 80995. Call 1(800)232–6459orwrite to Focus ontheFamily, Focus on the Family radio programs. reading. Good matters dealtwithonthe often on socio–political culture.American Provides coverage more in–depth magazineforadvocacy wholesome, biblicalvalues in Focus ontheFamily The Week. Personally, dailynewspapers o History of Science Weekly. Covers U.S. andworld news ofall n e Monitor. Daily. you If want Plugged–In. Monthly. This is Citizen. Monthly. An activists’ , themagazineoff
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Section Two verwhelm mewithtoo verwhelm , media(film,music nifican
ers agood, |
Week 1 nificanc t mat-
| e , 7 ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Days 5–8:Date:Days ______to ______Level J: History/Bible/Literature ALL Memorization (Bible) Memorization Day READERS READ-ALOUDS HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY BIBLE Current Events The Thief Poetry ofNature Book Geographic National Holes Shadowand String, Straightedge, Way LeadsAristotle the ofScience: The Story Memorization Bible Reading God WithDisappointment Date: Ephesians 4:31–32 32 31
ing eachother, G justasinChrist andcompassionate to kind Be oneanother, forgiv- and slander, alongwithever ofallbitterness, rid Get rage andanger, brawling Three thisweek. reports Ephesians 4:31–32 chaps. 3–5 1 Chronicles 14 chaps. 23–26 pp. 42–43 chap. 4& y form ofmalice. chap. 8 chap. 6 Day 6 Day p. 14
d d od forgave you. 1 Chronicles 15 chaps. 27–30 Additional Subjects: pp. 50–53 pp. 15–16 N chap. 5& chap. 9 chap. 7 Day 7 Day d
Week 2
Parental Notes
A: Q: To You After Discuss Read of it. The Story of Science: Aristotle Leads the Way ofThe Leads Science: Story Aristotle Day
6 Read thespecialfeatureRead alongwith thechapter infront scientist to leave hisnameon hisideas” facts, notmyths; forexplanationsinobserved look thefirst first philosopher–scientist–mathematician; thefirstto B.C.,living inthe6thcentury he“is saidto theworld’s be Why is Thales noteworthy? [p. 36]
1 Chronicles 16 chaps. 31–34 Chapter 4&pp. 42–43 92 12 32 52 72 93 13 33 536 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 chap. 10 1 chap. 8 chap. 6
Day 8 Day p. 17 Map PointMap 2 History of Science 01 21 41 61 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3
1 Chronicles 17 Timeline Figure chaps. 35–38 pp. 62–63 chap. 7& chap. 11 Week Overview chap. 9 Day 9 Day d p. 18
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Section Two
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Timeline Suggestion 1 Chronicles 18 chaps. 39–43
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Day 10 Day Week 2
| 9 ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. ater ater owerful Mind brought owerful Mind brought o be the first Greek to realize that that realize to o be the first Greek and evolved into more complicated life forms. forms. life complicated more into and evolved picture to Tried of Astronomy. the Founder Called Earthwhere fit in the cosmos. Athens, Greece (H7) (map 1) Greece Athens, (modern–dayBabylon (D5) (map 2) Iraq) Anaximander (ca. 611–547 B.C.). A pupil of Thales. Thales. A pupil of (ca. B.C.). 611–547 Anaximander the first animals cameClaimed out of the w A pupil of Anaxi- (ca. B.C.). 570–500 Anaximenes Said t mander. is a rainbow and that not stars, are Venus Mars and phenomenon. but a natural not a goddess, at that Claimed (ca. 500–428 B.C.). Anaxagoras a p the beginning of time, the moon is made that Taught out of chaos. order reflected light, and shines from of ordinary matter the sun is fieryand that stone. Why is base 60 a reasonable way to use numbers? to way is base 60 a reasonable Why 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, 15, 20, and 1, divided by be evenly it can of an issue not be much to remainders 30, which allowed of the Babylonians, number systems the Compare Romans. and Mayan, Phoenicians, Egyptians, and system numbering used 60 as their key Babylonians the and spheres; of circles the measurement calculated used a base–10 as sym- Egyptians with numbers system used numerals the Phoenicians 'zero'; bols but they lacked and blocked their alphabet; the Romans used strokes from as a place- used 'zero' the Mayans progress; mathematical and bars as symbols dots, holder, Why is Anaxagoras important is Anaxagoras his scientific beyond Why ideas? important the most his- he influenced in Greek generation history world which influenced tory, and Socrates? Euripides, Pericles, were Who military a great leader who built the and political Pericles: democracy;Parthenon a famous and promoted Euripides: who playwright; of Plato, a wise man, teacher Socrates: Aristotle taught rules the world”? “reason does it mean that What us; the world around understand the world the mind can be explained rationally can new ideas? some of Anaxagoras’s were What particles as tiny existed that matter initially; that the mountains, and has moon is made up of ordinary matter, light; that the sun of reflected and that it shines because not a god but made of fierywas matter meteors? are What atmosphere burning up in the earth’s are that rocks space cal quantities); he recognized that Venus and Mars are not Mars are and Venus that he recognized quantities); cal a are rainbows that recognized he planets); (they are stars not a goddess; phenomenon and he also said that natural earth is a flat disc
A: Q: A: and Map Points Timeline Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: - Science tician. Predicted a solartician. Predicted History of History
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o y B.C.) Section Tw Section
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Chapter 5 & pp. 50–53 5 & pp. Chapter Week 2 Week pher–scientist–mathema the distance calculate to out a way figured eclipse, electricity. static identified the shore, a ship to from the Iliad and the Odyssey writes Homer (8th centur Sea, Ionia (see the map on page 35 of the book)Aegean Thales (ca. 624–546 B.C.). The world's first philoso world's The (ca. B.C.). 624–546 Thales
| What were some of Anaximenes’s new ideas? some of Anaximenes’s were What up everything in that air is the single element that makes qualities mathematical and that different the universe, (which ap- forms of matter the different of air produce mathemati- and their different the idea of atoms proaches What were some of Anaximander’s new ideas? some of Anaximander’s were What (that possibility worlds inhabited is many were that there out that the first animals came now); under investigation forms complicated more into and evolved of the water (part of the evolutionary theory— but not postulated the whole earth picture he tried to in proven); and its place that the earth hypothesizing and curved, the cosmos, was a transparent unsupported, were that the heavens and that moves sphere almost; the theory that molten tectonics shows of plate crust; the crust of the earth’s pieces underlies large rock slide and glide together pieces constant? most ratios Are many how at 15 mph, no matter row can no; if 24 rowers the speed of sound; them, they will not break join rowers variable are most ratios Thales wondered if the earth floats on water. Was he Was if the earth on water. wondered floats Thales hypothesis? correct in that he rejected the old supernatural religions and incanta- religions supernatural the old he rejected for answers world the natural to and looked tions, made of wa- are nature all things in that thought Thales hypothesis that was why correct, isn’t that Although ter. 40] [p. interesting? “What he wondered, we What of matter? are is the nature of the idea made of?”; because made of? What is the world life; one basic unit of from come that all things in nature but perhapsthe atoms, about a hundred have we today, particlessubatomic actually all the same thing are What is an axiom? What rule accepted a generally “Western of seen as one of the founders Thales is Why civilization”? How could Thales easily measure the height of a of the height measure easily Thales could How pyramid? is the sameof a shadow when the length that he reasoned height of a stick,length as the of the of the shadow the length also be the pyramid same as the height of the would pyramid
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Day 10 A: Q: Q: A: To Discuss After You Read Discuss After You To dd Timeline and Map Points Timeline Q: A: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Acc 1. A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: To You After Discuss Read
Day
8 Wikipedia offersWikipedia introduction to abrief plasma: "Plasma (physics)". https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma_(physics). essed April 13th,2018. essed April and determine how itchanges” matter anditsinteractions“that make upalltheworld to declare what? [p. 57] Empedocles’ statement was thefirst(asfaraswe know) and love isthere, too, equal indimension to them. ent, butnotoneofthem.Strifekeeps thefourinproportion, fire,into many: water, andair. earth, strifeispres Destructive many thingsthatcombined into one. The onethenseparated grows. Previously Iexplained my once, basic point: there were Come andlisten. The more you learn,themore your mind Empedocles’Rewrite paragraph onp. 57. study thesmall(elements) to understandthelarge (theuniverse), scientistsmust What science beliefof theGreeks even impacts today? solid, liquid, gas, plasma What are thefour states ofmatter? repulsion, orpushandpull) air,earth, fire, water, withlove andstrife(or attraction and impulses. up theworld, andtwo primary What were they? Empedocles believed there were four elements that made in neonsigns. isseen sun. Acommon form ofplasmasonEarth intracluster medium,and instars, includingthe rarefied intergalactic the regions, particularly matter),by mostofwhichisinthe ordinary hypothetical andmay ormay notbeexplained exist for sure, themore abundant matter dark is matter intheUniverse (theonlymatter to known such asfilaments, beams, anddoublelayers. ence ofamagnetic field, itmay form structures closed inacontainer. Unlikegas, undertheinflu- a definite shapeoradefinite volume unlessen- magnetic fields. Likegas, plasmadoesnothave sothatductive itresponds strongly to electro- con- charge makesplasmaelectrically carriers tion ofmolecularbonds, ifpresent. called ions, andisaccompanied by thedissocia- creating positive ornegative charged particles decreases orincreases thenumberofelectrons, applied withalaserormicrowave generator. This itto astrongsubjecting electromagnetic field Chapter 6 Plasma isthemostabundant form ofordinary The presence ofasignificant numberof A plasmacanbecreated by heating agasor 1 - A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: Q: To You After Discuss Read Timeline Points Map and A: Q: A: Q: To You After Discuss Read d Timeline Points Map and A: Q: A: Q: String, Straightedge, and Shadow Straightedge, String, Day Day
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the alphabet the world? What was thePhoenicians’ greatest contribution to they hadto studythestarsto saileffectively were "peopleofthesea?" Why was itsignificant that theGreeks andPhoenicians upside–down constellations thatare hemispheres visibleinboth appear instead ofthesouthern; ofthesky part in thenorthern no, inthesouthernhemisphere sunappears thenoonday hemispheres? andsouthern thesameinnorthern Are theskies he was theworld's firsthistorian Why was Herodotus significant? ken into 360 parts; now starscould anglesbetween made ken be into 360parts; thecircle was by dividingacircle into eventually sixparts; bro How didthestargazers measure anangle?[p. 51] affairs ofmen tion fortrading, andtheybelieved thestarsdirected the of landmarks, theyneededthestars to determine direc- since theplainandsurrounding area were sodevoid Mesopotamia? Why were for thepeopleof thestarsimportant ago, Star Thuban was theNorth years ago, Star, Kochab was theNorth and5000years onefullwobbleand moon; takes 25,800years, so2500 force, caused by theuneven ontheearth tug ofthesun wobbles because ofthetorque,no; theearth ortwisting Has Polaris Star? always beentheNorth the moon’s gravity pullstheocean waters the tidesto asNewton themoon: showed, years later, tor, connect? What two unlikethingsdidPytheas, theGreek Naviga- Athens, Greece (usethemaponpage59ofbook) ing andmostinfluential ideasinhistory. andRepulsion)—asetofthelongest–last- traction impulses(Loveand two primary and Strife, orAt- four fundamental elemen 495–435B.C.). (ca. Empedocles Taught there are Strait ofGibraltar (usethemap onpage59oftheb Greece, Phoenicia (Lebanon), Crete, Carthage, Aegean Sea, Herodotus thefirsthistorian 484–425B.C.) (ca. Chapter 7 &pp. 62–63 Chapter 6 History of Science
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ts (earth, air,ts (earth, fire, water) Section Two
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Week 2 ook)
| 11 - ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. n book) cience Chapter 10 Chapter Chapter 9 Chapter (D4) (map 2) Giza, Egypt The 5 of The (use the map on page Mesopotamia, Egypt Story of S shadows changed proportionally; shadows vertical he pictured as the vertical in a right triangle; men and trees, like items, but the the shape of the triangle changed as time passed, shape of them all changed proportionally actuallyThales the solar eclipse or predicted Whether significant? the experience was why not, that possible, was such a prediction believed the Greeks but one that occurrence not a random an eclipse was be understood based on calculation could the Baby- what from thinking different Thales’ was How had done before? lonians and Egyptians had used right angles, and Egyptians the Babylonians was but Thales geometric designs, divided circles, levels, the create thinking and could about them in the abstract rules of geometry world to contribution Thales’ sum up you could How understanding? he made geometry and started abstract - reason deductive the first geometrying; he formulated rules or theorems How did Thales earn quickly? money Thales did How harvest olive a large observation, he determined by and presses soon happen, all the olive and bought would the market cornered Thales? story about tell What does Aesop it- and so relieves a stream salt in dissolves after his donkey sponges, with the donkey loads down Thales self of burden, heavier after the creek his plunge into far which became learn travels? in his Thales did What geometry sky and circle measurement survey- in Babylon, ing in Egypt the Egyptians? astound Thales did How based on a Pyramid, the height of the Great he calculated proportion between of a man and the height calculation plus the shadow half the base of the pyramid about shadows? notice Thales did What
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Day Day 10 Timeline and Map Points Timeline Read Discuss After You To Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: A: Q: A: Q: A: and Map Points Timeline Read Discuss After You To Q: A: Q: A: Q: Science History of History
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book) Chapter 8 Chapter Chapter 7 Chapter Week 2 Week begins (747 B.C.) Thales (ca. 624–546 B.C.) Thales Story (use the map on page 5 of The Babylon Ninevah, of Science (use the map on page 35 Sea, Greece Miletus, Aegean St of The Black Sea StoryThe (use the map on page 59 of of Science More than 300 years of astronomical observations of astronomical than 300 years More
| magnetism (“the magnet has a soul because it moves the it moves magnetism (“the magnet has a soul because and static electricity of amber a piece from iron”) What were some of the things Thales learned about? Thales some of the things were What What new kindWhat of thinking develop? did the Greeks new discovered while the Babylonians thought; rational of think- found new ways the Greeks of doing things, ways the observations, ing about things: observation, ordering trying rules find abstract to Besides the Ionian philosophers, what other famous what Besides Ionian philosophers, the living near Miletus in the 6th century people were B.C.? 61] [p. of on the island Pythagoras, fables; who told Aesop, tables the multiplication with inventing credited Samos, the Egyptians and people of Mesopotamia used practical and people Mesopotamia of the Egyptians used practical the geometry and build buildings, establish farmland to geometry; use theoretical Greeks all based their math on between and the relationships right angles, the circles, them How did the mathematics of the Greeks differ from the from differ of the Greeks did the mathematics How and Mesopotamians? Egyptians of the mathematics the same? they were How the wheel and the arch, both useful for creating strong, strong, both useful for creating and the arch, the wheel light structures the us from to has come modern item everyday What discovery? astronomers’ Babylonian each with 60 minutes, the clock, 12 hours, divided into each with 60 seconds Besides astronomy, what two other inventions did the did other inventions two what Besides astronomy, us? Mesopotamians leave
The Story in The Thales of Science: Aristotle about read We “East” is where the sun rises the spring on the and fall equi- is where “East”
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Day Day dd dd 12 Q: A: To Discuss After You Read Discuss After You To Timeline and Map Points Timeline Q: A: A: Q: A: Q: To Discuss After You Read Discuss After You To , beginning in chapter 4. in chapter , beginning the Way Leads Timeline and Map Points Timeline noxes. Directions are angles from that point. that from angles Directions are noxes. A: Q: Q: A: ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Days 9–12:Date:Days ______to ______Level J: History/Bible/Literature ALL Memorization (Bible) Memorization Day READERS READ-ALOUDS HISTORY & GEOGRAPHY BIBLE Book of Nature Poetry ofNature Book Geographic National Going Solo ofEndlessLight A Ring Holes Current Events Shadowand String, Straightedge, Way LeadsAristotle the ofScience: The Story Bible Reading God WithDisappointment Date: Memorization Proverbs 3:27–28 28 27
with you. and I’ll giv notsayDo to your neighbor, “Come back tomorrow due, whenitisinyour po notwithholdgoodfromDo thoseto whomitis e itto you”—when you already have it Three thisweek. reports chaps. 6–8 Proverbs 3:27–28 1 Chronicles 19 wer to act. chaps. 44–46 pp. 70–71 chap. 8& pp. 1–19 chap. 11 Day 11 Day p. 19
1 Chronicles 20 chaps. 47–50 Additional Subjects: pp. 20–40 pp. 72–81 N chap. 12 chap. 9 Day 12 Day d p. 20
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Parental Notes A: Q: To You After Discuss Read The Story of Science: Aristotle Leads the Way ofThe Leads Science: Story Aristotle 11 Day
ing landandwork for commercial trading, purposes: keeping records, divid- How didtheBabylonians usenumbers?
1 Chronicles 21 (upto break) Chapter 8&pp. 70–71 pp. 41–66 pp. 82–85 92 12 32 52 72 93 13 33 536 35 34 33 32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25 24 23 22 21 20 19 pp. 7–24 chap. 13 2 1 chap. 1, chap. 9
Day 13 Day p. 21 Map PointMap History of Science N 3 01 21 41 61 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4
1 Chronicles 22 Timeline Figure chap. 10& pp. 22–24 pp. 67–96 pp. 24–42 pp. 92–93 chap. 14 chap. 1, Week Overview Day 14 Day
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1 Chronicles 23:1– 6, 24–32;24:1–6, 19, 31;25:1,6–8 Timeline Suggestion
(up to break) pp. 97–121 | pp. 43–58
chap. 15 chap. 2, Week 3 Day 15 Day
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| 13 ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. Chapter 10 & pp. 92–93 10 & pp. Chapter Chapter 9, pp. 82–85 9, pp. Chapter Great Pyramids built (ca. built Pyramids 2550 B.C.) Great Italy the map on page 75 of the book) (use Croton, they do, and can be used for calculations, but can’t be but can’t be for calculations, used and can they do, used exactly is it significant? Why is phi? What (the in nature 1.618..., found regularly the Golden Ratio, and pine- the swirls on pineapples petals, spacing of rose creates the ratio number, an irregular although cones) beautiful forms basic the four with the idea that Did Democritus agree the basis of all things? were elements that basic, something more was there no; he believed in the universe; the smallest substance was that unified all, meaning “some- the Greek from “atom,” the this he called nothing be cut”; was there thing that cannot he believed and the void but atoms What is the Pythagorean Theorem? is the Pythagorean What the of a right triangle equals hypotenuse of the the square of the other two sides squares sum of the other breakthroughs? some of Pythagoras’ were What that Earth that the earth he taught is a sphere, moves, that the morn- that earth of the universe, is not the center know that is we the same (today star are ing and evening of he made mathematics the language the planet Venus); science Western number? Is one–third an irrational irratio- it repeats; it goes on forever, although because no, do not repeat nal numbers on a number line? a place numbers have Do irrational cosmos was like an orchestra, playing mathematical and mathematical playing orchestra, an like was cosmos think modern astronomers since (and harmony musical middle C, com- B flat, 57 octaves a below heard they have he might be right) hole, a black ing from Search for a YouTube movie by Vi Hart,Vi goes further that by movie YouTube a for Search reasons, and cultural Hakim "for that religious states
Day Day 14 13 dd A: Q: A: “Doodling up Look structure. pineapple and pinecone into and Being a Plant.” Fibonacci, in Math: Spirals, Read Discuss After You To [p. almost 1,000 years" for stopped progress scientific only West in the forward moved 89]. Scientific progress because Christianity about 100 (which gained momentum and wonder to believers allows hears after the Greeks) Won Was truth. See the West Rodney Stark's How for search a clear explanation. for Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: and Map Points Timeline Read Discuss After You To Q: A: Q: Science y things, proved proved y things, History of History
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Chapter 9, pp. 72–81 9, pp. Chapter Week 3 Week Samos; Delphi map on page 65 of the book) (use the Pythagoras (ca. 582–507 B.C.). Mathematician Mathematician (ca.Pythagoras B.C.). 582–507 man Among and philosopher. right (in Theorem is called the Pythagorean what a famous school in a2 + b2 = c2). Founded triangles, Italy. Croton,
| music can be explained mathematically: in musical be in musical explained mathematically: can music when one is twice they as long tension strings of identical sounds an octave apart;produce that the he also believed What is an irrational number? is an irrational What pi, of two integers; a ratio beturned into one that cannot one–seventh is not quite for example, impact did Pythagoras How our understanding of sound? Why were numbers important Pythagoras? for were Why searching by understand the universe, to the way they were is number,” “All true; he said, absolutely for things that are mind of God’s the expression they were and he believed What is the difference between an Ionian thinker and an between is the difference What Pythagoras? the Ionians observed and added block after block of information, one after the next; in Pythagoras believed up with mathematical and came creation, an orderly the scientific method uses both thinking (today, formulas and observation and adds experimentation) What is pi? What and the of a circle betweenthe circumference the ratio that begins number 3.1415.... diameter; an irrational Worldwide, who else lived concurrently with Pythagoras? concurrently who else lived Worldwide, as Goras, Menes, (Mander, and the A–team besides Thales Zoro- Necho, Lao–tzu, Pharaoh Hakim says), Confucius, Gautama Buddha Jewishprophets, aster, because the Greeks applied math to science applied math to the Greeks because Pythagoras? was Who mathematician first great the world’s home in Samos Pythagoras' significant? was Why port new ideas many to in a significant with access it was builders and engi- great and the people of Samos were neers Explain the difference between concrete and abstract and concrete between difference Explain the math. pennies one counting touch: can uses things you concrete math abstract are; there many how out figure one to by for something stand uses symbols to world? Western in the succeed did science Why How did the Egyptians use numbers? use did the Egyptians How geometryfor measuring; pyramids build to them allowed and temples
Day 12 14 Q: A: Q: A: Q: A: To Discuss After You Read Discuss After You To Q: A: Timeline and Map Points Timeline Q: A: Q: A: A: Q: A: Q: Q: A: A: Q: Q: A: ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. 2018. stable/4430143?seq=1#page_scan_tab_contents, 2, accessed January Series 1. Timeline Points Map and A: Q: A: Q: To You After Discuss Read Timeline Points Map and A: Q: not areligious zealot. Plato, works— ofDemocritus' whodemandedtheburning the onlyreference to destroying hisworks comes from stroyed by religious zealots" [p. searching 91].In theweb, A: Q: A: Q: String, Straightedge, and Shadow Straightedge, String, 11
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were states de- Ms. "writings that Democritus' Hakim Ferwerda, andPlato", R."Democritus , Fourth Mnemosyne their salvation inreincarnation; freedbe from endlessrebirth mathwas theybelieved thatby studyingmathematics, theycould greatest purification”? What didPythagoras’ meanby sect isthe “knowledge was to pay, too poor sothenthechildpaidhim interested, hedemandedmore andmore, butPythagoras some time, lessonhelearned;after thechildwasevery so amountfor childandpromisedpoor to payhimacertain atfirst,noonewould listen to him,sohefinallyfounda ofPythagoras’What isthestory firstpupil? experiments, sothere was really nowhere forscience to go nature ofthings, buttheycouldn’t prove anything, ordo he andtheotherancientscould hypothesize the about Why didscience Democritus? stallafter metric forms, andthattheyare inmotion perpetually they are solidandindestructible, thattheyassumegeo- What didLucretius teach aboutatoms? create energy atom; theyboth and fusionjoinslightatoms into aheavy atom into lightatoms,fission splitsthenucleus ofaheavy What isthedifference between fissionandfusion? 5 ofthebookThe St Babylon; Egypt; Memphis, Egypt (usethemaponpage Thebes)(D4)(map2) (modern–day Diospolis Croton, (G6) Italy (map1) Thrace (usethemaponpage87ofbook) to thinkmore clearly. draw outideasandassumptionsleadstudents mous for its"Socratic usingquestionsto method": the world" b Socrates (469–399B.C.). wisestmanin Called "the these "atoms." to have Said written 73books. or destroyed, thebasisofallotherthings. He called to asmallestsubstanc be 460–370B.C.). (ca. Democritus Claimed there had , Vol. 25,Fasc. 4(1972).Found at https://www.jstor.org/ Chapter 11 y the Oracle of Delphi. Ran a school fa- aschool y theOracle ofDelphi.Ran 1 ory of Science) ofScience) ory e that could cutup notbe inside withoutprotrusions andsuch. Apparently, then,inasphere, onlythesefive shapescanfit gon withsomany acircle sidesitispractically canalsofit. square, andsoon.Aregular apentagon, poly- anoctagon, all three touch ofthepoints thecircle. (vertices) Likewisea book says thatcanbedrawn atriangle inacircle sothat a straight line. Aregular polygon hasonlyequalsides. The closedshape, edgeis whereis atwo–dimensional, every that they approach the form of the circle itself.” A “polygon” inacirclecan beinscribed —their sidesbecoming sosmall with them. his dialoguewith Timaeus, andsohisnameisassociated goesonto explain that Plato The article themin describes proofknown that nootherconvex regular polyhedra exist.” tion ofallfive andmay have beenresponsible for thefirst Plato. any In case, Theaetetus gave amathematical descrip and icosahedron belongto Theaetetus, of acontemporary dodecahedron andthat oftheoctahedron thediscovery have onlybeenfamiliarwiththetetrahedron, cube, and with theirdiscovery. evidence suggeststhat hemay Other sively. sources Some (suchasProclus) credit Pythagoras says, ancient Greeks studiedthePlatonic- solidsexten “The the five regular solids, orthefive Platonic solids. Wikipedia To You After Discuss Read A: Q: A: Q: his followers hadacelebration! elegant, itbogglesthemind. Nowonder Pythagoras and ofclassicaleducation. still apart A.D.in the6thcentury was calledthe “quadrivium.” This is To You After Discuss Read A: Q: A: Q: 13 12 Day Day
The booksays, “An infinite numberofregular polygons This bookclaimsPythagoras andhisfollowers discovered This proof ofthePythagorean Theorem issostunningly Studying music, astronomy, arithmetic, andgeometry, diagramming them develop? What newmethodofproblem solvingdidPythagoras histheorem, a What for? isPythagoras known dron (12pentagons) dron (8triangles),icosahedron (20triangles),dodecahe- (6squares), cube regular pyramid (4triangles),octahe- Name theregular solids. together make thattotal onlyformswhosecornerright anglesandapoint, angles triangles, squares, andhexagons; since there are four Which three shapescover aflat area completely? Why? part offormaleducation part ) of Science Samos Chapter 13 Chapter 12 History of Science (use themaponpage96ofbookThe Stor 2 +b 2 =c 2 ; hewas thefirstto consider matha
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| 15 y - ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. n (map 1) orded dialogues between other other dialogues between orded Plato (ca. 427–327 B.C.). Student of Socrates; a of Socrates; Student (ca. 427–327 B.C.). Plato Rec deep thinker. (408–355 B.C.) Eudoxus beautifully Athens rebuilds (495–429 B.C.) Pericles SpartaAthens; (H7); Cnidus (H8) students and Socrates. Sought truth, beauty, clar- beauty, Sought truth, and Socrates. students and patterns and the perfect Discovered form. ity, and the stars. in mathematics order Why is the Golden Mean important?Why it is a beautifulproportion and often in architecture used art, dodeca- and the pentagram construct and is used to be can it the Golden is irregular, Mean although hedron; geometryhandled through
For a refresher on the Golden Mean, see pp. 84–85 in 84–85 in Golden on the Mean, see pp. a refresher For
Q: A: and Map Points Timeline dd dd The Story of Science: Aristotle Leads the Way. the StoryThe of Science: Aristotle Leads Science History of History
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Chapter 15 Chapter Chapter 14 Chapter Week 3 Week
| "he broke the deadlock of the irrationals and freed geom- and freed the deadlock of the irrationals "he broke etry" advance to or a rectangle rectangle,” five “root a create do you How side? with an irregular it a rect- then make inscribe a square, inside a semicircle, diameter; when the width angle as long as the semicircle’s of five root the length is the square is one, of the rectangle Why is Eudoxus of Cnidus significant? of Cnidus is Eudoxus Why they believed the universe was ordered by whole num- whole by ordered was the universe they believed messed up their whole numbers irrational have bers; to up and society the secret broke of the cosmos; concept geometry avail- and the study of mathematics became learn able for all to Why was the discovery of irrationals so upsetting for so upsetting for the discovery of irrationals was Why the for this significant was Why the Pythagoreans? world?
Day Day 15 14 16 Q: A: Q: A: To Discuss After You Read Discuss After You To A: To Discuss After You Read Discuss After You To Q: Section Three
Reading Assignments and Notes Read Alouds Read-Alouds Weeks 1–3: Holes
Day 1 Chapters 1–5 Q: Do you think the family was wise to keep singing a song that ended, “If only… ”? [chap. 7] A: To Discuss After You Read while they remained hopeful, they always blamed their troubles on the curse Q: What is the setting of the story? [chap. 1] A: a camp on a dry lake bed in Texas Timeline and Map Points Q: What task do the campers have? [chap. 1] Latvia (C7) (map 1) A: to dig holes and try to stay alive
Q: Why are the campers at the camp? [chap. 2] Day Chapters 8–12 A: as punishment for crimes, and to learn how to be 3 good citizens To Discuss After You Read Q: Describe Stanley’s life. [chap. 3] Q: Why does the author have a chapter on the yellow– A: sample: he comes from a poor family, he is overweight spotted lizards? [chap. 8] and teased, his father is a failed inventor, his family be- A: they are deadly, they live in the holes the boys dig, and lieves they have been cursed with bad luck, all the men in must be a key facet of the story the family have the same name as it is a cool palindrome, they live in a small apartment, he had no friends Q: Why does Stanley lie to his mother in his letter home? [chap. 9] Q: How are the campers to spend their day? [chap. 4] A: so she doesn’t worry, and the place is so bad, no one A: they must dig a 5 foot square hole each day, and give would believe it anything they find to the people in charge Q: Why do the campers nickname Stanley, “Caveman”? Q: Mr. Pendanki tells Stanley that the only person he needs [chap. 9] to fear is the warden. What do you think? [chap. 5] A: maybe because he growled at the “Lump” in the chair, and A: since we haven’t met the warden yet, his fellow campers hadn’t taken a shower with soap, maybe because he was don’t seem too friendly, and Mr. Sir didn’t seem welcom- the opposite of a caveman when he wrote home… ing. Life does not look promising Q: What does Stanley find and why is it significant? [chap. 10] A: Day a fossil of a fish; while it isn’t something the warden 2 Chapters 6–7 wants, it does prove there once was a lake at the camp Q: Why is Stanley glad he has a nickname? [chap. 11] Cultural Literacy A: it proves he is accepted by the boys, and he is glad to be American League: one of two leagues (or groups of teams) friends with such tough guys; he hopes he can use them to ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by that make up Major League Baseball in the United States stand up to the bullies at his school and Canada; the two leagues compete in the World Series. Q: What do you think of Mr. Pendanski’s advice to the four triples in one game: as a player, he got to third base boys? [chap. 12] four times in one game. A: while he seems to say the “right” things, he insults Zero, is unaware of why the different boys are there, and says they To Discuss After You Read can be anything they want with work; his comments seem Q: What was Stanley’s crime? [chap. 6] simplistic at best A: he found a pair of sneakers, and the police considered
them stolen Day 4 Chapters 13–17 Q Do you think Stanley’s great–great grandfather de- served his trouble? [chap. 7] To Discuss After You Read A: no; although he was foolish to love a girl who was merely Q: How long is Stanley’s sentence? Does it seem reason- beautiful, he forgot his promise to his friend Madame Ze- able? [chap. 13] roni, and he tried to make good on his promise by seeking A: a year and a half of hard labor; it feels excessive for a first out her son offense Q: The family calls the great–great grandfather a pig Q: What does Stanley find? [chap. 13] stealer. Was he one? [chap. 7] A: a finger-long engraved tube, open at one end and closed A: no, Madame Zeroni gave him the piglet; it was the runt at the other who would have died anyway
History of Science | Section Three | Holes | 1 Day Q: Why do you think the Warden tells Mr. Pendanski to fill 6 Chapters 23–26 the boys’ canteens? [chap. 14] A; it is probably a power move to make her look good to the To Discuss After You Read boys and in charge Q: Why does the author include a chapter on Katherine Q: The Warden asks X–Ray if he found the item in his hole. Barlow? [chap. 23] Why is his answer potentially problematic? [chap. 14] A: to connect Stanley’s great–grandfather’s story to Green A: he didn’t find the item, so if the Warden is hopeful for more Lake camp; to show us a different side of the famous out- stuff, she won’t find anything near his hole law, to explain why the lipstick tube ended up in the lake Q: How does the Warden know everyone’s name, even Q: How does Mr. Sir punish Stanley, and should he have? though she never comes to see them? [chap. 15] [chap. 24] A: she watches the boys with cameras and microphones A: he poured Stanley’s water on the ground; no, he should complain to the cruel warden, Stanley was not responsible Q: What does Stanley figure out about the holes? [chap. 15] for his sore face A: the boys are searching for something for the Warden Q: Why does Hattie say, “God will punish you!”? [chap. 25] Q: What do you think of Zero’s education? [chap. 16] A: because Katherine fell in love with an man with a different A: I wonder if he has had one; he is unaware of a famous skin color; one who couldn’t come to school, but could be nursery rhyme used to do tasks Q: Describe the Warden’s character. [chap. 17] Q: Why did Kissin’ Kate become an outlaw? [chap. 26] A: impatient, cruel, sadistic, power–hungry, etc. A: because of great injustice; her boyfriend was killed, the sheriff was evil, the townspeople cruel, the Day 5 Chapters 23–26 schoolhouse burned ©2020 by Curriculum, Sonlight Ltd. All rights reserved.
To Discuss After You Read Day 7 Chapters 27–30 Q: Why does Stanley decide to not teach Zero to read? [chap. 18] To Discuss After You Read A: his heart has hardened, Zero has no value, he is too tired Q: Should Stanley have accepted Zero’s help in digging after digging all day, he doesn’t know how to teach—all his hole? [chap. 27] wrong reasons to not help A: probably not—it led to hard feelings, and he was able to Q: What bad luck comes to Stanley? [chap. 19] do so himself A: although a fellow camper steals a bag of sunflower seeds, Q: What is Zero’s real name, and why is it significant? Stanley chooses to take the punishment for all the boys [chap. 27] Q: Do you think the Warden wants the boys to learn to act A: Hector Zeroni—it is the name of Stanley’s great–great honorably? For the good of society? [chap. 20] grandfather’s friend and Stanley wouldn’t have learned A: no; she seems to have her own purposes and doesn’t care that if he hadn’t taught Zero his name about anyone else at all Q: What is the Warden searching for? [chap. 28] Q: Why does Stanley think about his great–grandfather on A: Kate Barlow’s buried treasure his walk back to the lake? [chap. 21] Q: What does the bad weather bring? [chap. 29] A: he felt his circumstance was similar to his great–grandfa- A: hot, muggy weather, lightning, and a glimpse of a land ther’s; both had been robbed of their past lives, and left to form that Stanley thinks he recognizes die in the desert Q: Why do the boys riot? [chap. 30] Q: Why does Stanley decide to teach Zero to read? [chap. 22] A: because Stanley isn’t working, Zigzag thinks he should A: to thank him for helping to dig his hole, and because Zero have special privileges because its his birthday, the heat really sees Stanley for who he is makes them crazy, and Stanley is investing in Zero and Q: What does Stanley discover about Zero’s learning ability? no one else [chap. 22] A: he is sharp and a math genius Day 8 Chapters 31–34
To Discuss After You Read Q: What does the Warden decide to do about Zero’s escape? [chap. 31] A: she erases his file as deeply as she can, and guards the water so he will die in the desert; she assumes no one
2 | Holes | Section Three | History of Science will come for him since he was found on the streets with Q: Why is Stanley happy as he thinks about being a no guardian fugitive? [chap. 42] A: Q: Why does Stanley escape? [chap. 32] he can leave the camp, he has a friend like he has not had A: to search for Zero in the small chance that he might be alive before, he has a plan, he figures how he and Zero can get some money to use while on the run Q: Is his escape well planned? [chap. 32] Q: A no, he crashes a truck and leaves with no water Why was Zero on his own? [chap. 43] A: when his mother lost their home, she would leave him at Q: Why does Stanley keep walking even though the intervals while she went and did mysterious things; one search is hopeless? [chap. 333] day, she never returned and Zero was alone A: it is better than returning and meeting the warden; he
wants the people in the camp to calm down Day 11 Chapters 44–46 Q: As Stanley walks, what does he discover? [chap. 34] A: he initially travels toward the Thumbs Up rock structure, Cultural Literacy but detours to a half–buried boat (the Mary Lou—named for the donkey that died) A.G.: Attorney General. [chap. 46]
To Discuss After You Read Day 9 Chapters 35–38 Q: What plan do the boys have? [chap. 44] A: to dig for treasure in the dark, to collect water and food To Discuss After You Read from the camp, and walk away Q: What do the boys discover? [chap. 35] Q: A: Katherine’s canned spiced peaches What is the climax of the book? [chap. 45] A: when the boys find the missing suitcase, are captured Q: Why do the boys travel further from the camp? [chap. 36] by the Warden and her crew, and are surrounded by A: Zero has decided he won’t dig anymore, and Stanley deadly lizards doesn’t want to leave him, and they want to check out the Q: strange stone structure What irony occurs in this chapter? [chap. 46] A: Stanley’s lawyer (he didn’t know he had one) came to Q: As the boys climb the mountain what gives them hope? collect him as a free man; the Warden will never let him go [chap. 37] free, nor will the lizards keep him alive A: both the thumbs up rock formation, and weeds and bugs Day help them believe water is near 12 Chapters 47–50 Q: What do the boys find at the top of the mountain? To Discuss After You Read [chap. 38] Q: Why does the suitcase have Stanley’s name on it? A: water and an onion [chap. 47] A:
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by it was the one Kissin’ Kate stole from his great–grandfather Day 10 Chapters 39–43 Q: Why does Stanley insist Zero come with him? Why can Zero come? [chap. 48] Cultural Literacy A: Zero will be severely punished if left behind, and the War- ward of the state: when the state takes responsibility for den deleted all his records when he escaped earlier; the a child. [chap. 41] camp has no jurisdiction to hold him Q: Why were the boys safe in the lizards’ nest? [chap. 49] To Discuss After You Read A: they had onion in their blood Q: How did Zero know that Stanley was innocent of his Q: crime? [chap. 39] Give an example of irony from this chapter. [chap. 50] A: A: Zero had stolen the shoes all through the story Mr. Sir tells the campers, “This ain’t no Girl Scout Camp.” When the Warden needs cash, the Q: What do the boys find and why is it important? [chap. 40] property is sold to the Girl Scouts and they make a camp A: they found Sam’s onion patch, and the onions healed there; the baseball player who sent Stanley to camp ended both boys up a friend of the family Q: What is the example of irony in this chapter? [chap. 41] Q: Retell the resolution of the story. [chap. 50] A: if Zero had kept the stolen sneakers, neither boy would be A: the curse ended when the great–great–great grandson of in the camp Elya carried the great–great–great grandson of Madame Zeroni up a mountain (after getting stronger through the hard work of digging), and Hector hired a private investi- gator to find his missing mother (which he did) n
History of Science | Section Three | Holes | 3 Read-AloudsRead-Alouds Weeks Week 3–6: #: A ARing Ring of of Endless Endless Light Light
Days * * * 13–14 Chapter 1
Cultural Literacy Note to Mom or Dad: This is a Newbery Honor book by a well-respected author, who deals with a lot of very chal- petite and piquante: stimulating, interesting. lenging subjects in very beautiful and unusual ways. The cafe au lait: coffee with hot milk added. impending death of a beloved grandfather is memorable and impactful. The author treats this difficult subject so well! undertow: an undercurrent that moves offshore as waves As with all difficult subjects, there may be some situa- come in; it can be dangerous for swimmers. tions that are less than ideal. Do we want 16-year-olds (or Leukemia: a cancer of the blood-forming tissues. almost 16-year-olds) to be pursued by really unhealthy, manipulative young men? Of course not. But does this MIT: Massachusetts Institute of Technology—prestigious happen? Obviously so. It’s interesting: there’s the uninter- school that teaches science and technology to prepare esting, plodding acquaintance who becomes romantically students for the 21st Century. inclined. The challenge there is to refuse his advances while El Greco: 1541–1614; Greek painter of the Spanish not hurting him as a person. There’s the interesting and Renaissance. unhealthy Jeffrey (who may be one of the most repugnant characters, but Vicky apparently likes him). The challenge with him is to avoid entanglement, even if there’s a tiny To Discuss After You Read piece that appreciates the thrill of being pursued. A lot of Q: How did Commander Rodney die? What theme of the girls may need to take this lesson to heart. Maybe not a lot book does this introduce? of homeschooled girls, but a lot of girls in general. A: he died of a heart attack saving the life of “some dumb And as for Adam, the older guy (maybe 22?). The age rich kid who’d gone out in his sail boat in complete disre- difference may not be ideal at those ages, and if they were gard of storm warnings;” since Vicky’s family has come to having sex that would be statutory rape. But they’re not the island to help while her grandfather is dying, a theme having sex. And in another two years or so, their ages will is death and how to deal with it become immaterial. (In many cultures of the world, this Q: How would you describe the funeral service as offici- age span is not a big deal even at age 16.) ated by Vicky’s grandfather? Many marriages have an age difference of 6 or more A: while Grandfather recognizes that we are mortal and all years and that is not as frowned upon, but that could be die, he proclaims “Alleluia” and has the funeral people take because it doesn’t happen in the teen years. away the fake niceties; he sought to emphasize that death But Vicky always presents as older than she is. She is in- is real, but “this reality was less terrible than plastic pre- triguing to Adam because she’s thoughtful and has certain tense;” he emphasizes the Lord’s blessing on those who still abilities (her interactions with dolphins) that he values.
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by live; “yet even at the grave we make our song: Alleluia… ” And in the end, she figures out who she can rely on, which shows some level of increased self-awareness. Q: What does Adam say about death? To sum up: these sorts of relational knots seem fairly A: when someone dies, initially you don’t feel anything, but common among young people. There are a few para- later it hurts graphs where Jeffrey puts his head on Vicky’s lap or some Q: Why does Grandfather recommend the family “use all such that we would not hope for our own children, but the pretty things as much as possible this summer?” Do this can be used as a reasonable cautionary tale (don’t put you think we should use pretty things all the time? yourself in compromising situations! Don’t give in to flat- A: to celebrate life; to not live in fear of the future and tery!) without being terribly explicit. “someday”’ The treatment of a beloved dying relative is unusual and valuable and beautifully done. Q: Describe Vicky’s grandfather’s life experiences. A: it was well–lived; he and wife lived with an African tribe Vocabulary to learn their language and write down their wisdom and history; then served as pastor of a large church; then …his ostentatious station wagon… (vulgar, gaudy, preten- served as pastor of a mission church in Alaska; he got a tious, loud, fancy, extravagant) pilot’s license to visit his church members; and based on … all merged into a soporific counterpoint. (to induce his graveside service, he’s not afraid to die sleep or drowsiness) Timeline and Map Points Africa (E3) (map 2) Chicago (D7); Boston (C9); New York (C9) (map 3)
History of Science | Section Three | A Ring of Endless Light | 5 Days 15–16 Chapter 2 Q: What does Vicky compare Zachary’s mother’s deep– freezing to? A: Vocabulary the artificial things at the cemetery; it pretends death hasn’t happened … gauche and naive (lacking grace; socially awkward; unsophisticated ) Q: When Rob asks Grandfather anxiously, “It doesn’t really matter, does it? Whether you’re frozen or buried or cre- He gave me his fullest Hamlet look… (a tragic Shakespeare mated or what, God can manage, can’t he?” How does figure) Grandfather respond? * * * A: warmly, confidently, compassionately; he states, “I stake my life on that.” Cultural Literacy Q: Why does Zachary claim he needs to see Vicky? Is his ménage–a–trois: a domestic arrangement with three reason fair to Vicky? individuals romantically involved. A: he had tried to kill himself because he was bored, but Charters to the mainland: the reservation of a boat for “some Boy Scout Coast Guard foiled me by rescuing me;” private use Great Smoky Mountains National Park. I’m not sure Vicky can save someone who is so conflict- ed—on one hand to freeze his mother, and on the other Cryonics: to freeze in hopes that one day the body can be hand to disregard life so thoroughly; I doubt she can give resurrected. him a reason to live AMA: American Medical Association. Q: “Zachary had accused us of moralism.” How does Vicky fugue–type: a music form that begins with the melody in respond? A: one voice and then a second voice plays the melody and Grandfather taught the family that thinking you know all the two parts weave together. the answers is a “snare and delusion,” the family wrestles ©2020 by Curriculum, Sonlight Ltd. All rights reserved. to figure out the right things to do ballade: a short musical piece specifically for the piano. Q: Why is Zachary “desperate” to see Vicky? rondel: a specific poetry form. A: he’s drawn to her family—her parents seem to love one fibrillating: an irregular heart rate. another; she’s sanity in an insane world; the light of the gospel shines Boston bluestocking: an intelligent educated woman. Q: What does Grandfather say to Vicky about blaming jodhpurs: full length pants; fitted below the knee with Zachary for Commander Rodney’s death? extra padding on the inside of the thigh. A: it’s easier to blame a scapegoat (in this case Zachary) than be angry at God (for such a senseless death); God can To Discuss After You Read handle your anger Q: Zachary expects that one day scientists will be able to Q: What is Grandfather’s view of death? resurrect his frozen mother. Grandfather says with a A: to live forever in this body would take away much of the small smile, “I think I prefer another kind of resurrec- joy of living; we wouldn’t treasure our time; “Simply the tion.” What could be the problems of being resurrected awareness that our mortal lives had a beginning and will in the future? Why would Grandfather’s type of resur- have an end enhances our quality of our living.” rection be preferred? A: the world would be very different if you came back to life Grandfather says, “Nancy Rodney is more than the salt in the future; your friends might not still be alive; would of the earth. She’s the leaven in the bread. And the light you know how to survive in a future world; and you would that’s too often under a bushel.” All of these descriptions have to die once again; Grandfather believes he will re- are based on Matthew 5–7. gain life in heaven with a Savior who loves him; in a body Q: When Vicky asks if she should help Zachary, how does that will not die again; a new life without sin or suffering Grandfather wisely reply? or tears or sorrow—much to be preferred A: “The obligations of normal human kindness—chesed, as Q: When Zachary says that cryonics is expensive, Grandfa- the Hebrew has it—that we all owe. But there’s a kind of ther replies that “Resurrection has always been costly, vanity in thinking you can nurse the world. There’s a kind though not in terms of money. It took only thirty pieces of vanity in goodness.” of silver.” What does he mean? Q: Vicky thinks, “Confusing enough when there are three A: when Judas betrayed Jesus for thirty pieces of silver, Jesus generations together. How much more confusing it then went to the cross to die for our sins—the most expen- would be for Zachary and his Immortalists if there sive death ever; Jesus had to die and then come to life to could be ten or fifteen generations of one family all conquer death for all of us alive at the same time.” Do you agree?
6 | A Ring of Endless Light | Section Three | History of Science Day Q: Why does Grandfather encourage Vicky to write poetry? 18 Chapter 4 A: poems can know more than we do—are deep within and can help us articulate what we only sense we are feeling Cultural Literacy de vivre: joy of living. Timeline and Map Points California (D1) (map 3) Semaphore Vs: communication via flags, or bare hands using symbols; Adam would have spread his legs apart to form the letter “V.” Day Chapter 3 17 reticent: to not reveal one’s thoughts or feelings.
Vocabulary monk’s tonsure: to shave part of the scalp John expostulated… . (to earnestly reason with) To Discuss After You Read * * * Q: Why does the Marine Lab study starfish? A: Cultural Literacy to see if the way starfish heal could be used on people; while starfish have a central nerve disc, it is not known if Ignominious: shameful, dishonorable. people have that as well. Gentian eyes: blue. Adam gives the current theory of how dolphins came to be sea creatures. Please understand that these are To Discuss After You Read theories only. Q: What does Grandfather believe about coincidences? Q: Vicky says, “We hear about man’s inhumanity to man, Who does he give as an example, and why (p. 78)? but never dolphin’s inhumanity to dolphin” (p. 99).Why A: there are none; “The pattern is closely woven”… .it doesn’t might this be so? impact free will; “Any one of us can cause changes in the A: man is the fallen creature; man has both beautiful acts of pattern by our responses of love or acceptance or resent- kindness that reflect how we were made in God’s image, ment.” So our response to situations is important; Nancy but the fall produces great wickedness—the Christian Rodney plans to go back to nursing—she’s a good nurse worldview is the only logical as it explains both sides of who inspires confidence; rather than sit at home and feel how man acts sorry for herself, she plans to go out and serve Q: When Adam considers that dolphins may have chosen Q: When Suzy blames Zachary for Commander Rodney’s to give up their hands, does that idea fit with current death, how does Adam respond (p. 80)? Do you agree? evolutionary theory? A: “You can’t pile a load of guilt on someone like that… You A: it doesn’t seem to; since current theory depends on ran- can’t hindsight that way. When something happens, it dom mutations not choice happens, and you have to accept it and go on from there.”; Q:
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by the Bible tells us that our days are numbered, so as Daddy Why does Adam think hands are important? (99) Can says, “The heart attack could have happened while he was you think of other things? weeding the garden… ” A: they enable writing, history, painting, sculpture, poetry, mu- sic; sample: building, organizing, worship, gardening, work Q: Grandfather reads a quote from a book written by Elie Wiesel who spent time in a concentration camp. What Q: What are Adam and his boss studying? does Elie say? A: dolphin sounds to see if they have a complex language; A: “Guilt cannot be transmitted.” And, “But it is given to man they have a sense of humor which is a sign of intelligence to begin again—and he does so every time he chooses to and a larger brain than most animals defy death and side with the living.” And, “It is possible to Q: When Vicky meets Basil, what is her reaction? suffer and despair an entire lifetime and still not give up A: initially fear, and then she gets a clear sense of what he the art of laughter.” wants; he reminds her of her family’s dog Joie Q: How does Mother explain the seemingly sexist Biblical Q: What does Adam say to Vicky about letting her Grand- writing about mankind (p. 83)? father go? A: “So God created man in his own image, in the image of A: “It’s hard to let go anything we love. We live in a world God created he him; male and female; females are half of which teaches us to clutch. But when we clutch we’re left mankind” with a fistful of ashes” (p. 117). We need to learn to let go. Q: When Suzy comes down on people, preferring the porpoises, how does Adam reply (p. 86)? Do you agree? A: “There’ve been, and still are, some pretty good people, Suzy.”
History of Science | Section Three | A Ring of Endless Light | 7 Section Three
Reading Assignments and Notes Readers Readers Weeks 1–2: The Thief
Day agora: in ancient Greece, a public open space used for 1 Chapters 1–2 assemblies and markets. [chap. 1] Overview amphora: a tall ancient Greek or Roman jar with two The magus (wise advisor) of Sounis takes the talented handles and a narrow neck. [chap. 1] thief, Gen, out of prison in order to steal a hidden treasure. hypocaust: a hollow space under the floor of an ancient As they travel, they share myths; they are set upon by Roman building, into which hot air was sent for heating a soldiers; they risk death at every turn. This is an awesome room or bath. [chap. 1] book with a surprising twist at the end! retort: a glass container with a long neck, used in distill- Setting ing liquids and other chemical operations. [chap. 2] The characters dwell and travel in Sounis, Eddis, and Attolia, three imaginary countries something like Greece, To Discuss After You Read something like ancient times, but with watches and an oc- Q: What previous contact had Gen had with the magus casional gun (first invented in the ninth century). and the King of Sounis before the meeting in the study? [chap. 1] A: Vocabulary he had seen the magus at his trial, and perhaps he hadn’t seen the king before, but we know that he had crept Rationale: Knowing definitions is critical to under- through the palace and hid in his treasure room standing, so we have included vocabulary words in this Instructor’s Guide. We also add cultural literacy terms that Q: What threat does the King promise Gen? [chap. 1] provide depth to stories. A: if he runs, the king will offer gold pieces to anyone who captures Gen, and since each piece would buy a farm, … to look lithe and graceful and perhaps feral … (lithe: that’s a large reward thin, supple, and graceful; feral: in a wild state, especially after escape from captivity or domestication; resembling a Gen mentions a lion gate. To see photos online of a real wild animal) [chap. 1] life lion gate, such as the entrance to Mycenae in southern Greece, use your favorite search engine to look up the … sat back in my chair, mollified and delighted … (ap- phrase, “Lions Gate Mycenae.” [chap. 2] pease the anger or anxiety of someone) [chap. 1] Q: Briefly describe each of Gen’s traveling companions. … crossing the more circuitous Sacred Way … (winding, [chap. 2] indirect route) [chap. 2] A: the magus is the king’s scholar, a curt, composed leader; … thanks to the ministrations of the king’s magus … Pol is a soldier, strong and quiet; the boys are well–bred (dealings, provisions) [chap. 2] apprentices; the older one, Ambiades, is haughty and ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by strong; the younger one, Sophos, is curious, book–smart, … the edge of a veranda. (a covered porch) [chap. 2] and feebler … not even an undulation in the ground … (have a wavy
form or outline) [chap. 2] Day 2 Chapter 3 … I consigned to the fires … (gave into another’s custody) [chap. 2] Vocabulary Not exactly stalwart, are you? (loyal, reliable, and hard- …blending together into an undifferentiated forest …. working; sturdy and strong; perhaps “stoic” would be a better (lacking variety; uniform) word in this case) [chap. 2] …made my hackles rise. (hairs on the back of an animal’s * * * neck that rise when it is angry) …liked to put people in a hierarchy … (a system of orga- Cultural Literacy nization that ranks some above others) megaron: the great hall of the Grecian palace complexes. It was a rectangular hall, fronted by an open, two–col- …in spite of my subservient position… (less important; umned porch, and a more or less central, open hearth subject to obey another) vented though an oculus in the roof above it and sur- The magus commiserated. (shared in a negative feeling; rounded by four columns. [chap. 1] sympathized) sconce: a candle holder, or a holder of another light He’s probably septic. (infected with bacteria) source, that is attached to a wall with an ornamental bracket. [chap. 1] …just a little more condescending … (showing superiority)
History of Science | Section Three | The Thief | 71 To Discuss After You Read To Discuss After You Read Q: Why was Gen imprisoned? [p. 58] Q: What is Hamiathes’s Gift? A: apparently, he bet a man that he could steal the king’s seal A: according to myth, a stone that the goddess Hephestia and then show it as proof the next day in a wineshop dipped in the water of immortality that frees the bearer from death; she gave it to the king, and when his natu-
Day ral lifespan ended, the king gave it to his son; when the 3 Chapter 4 throne needed to change hands, one person would steal the stone and give it to the chosen candidate, making him Vocabulary king and avoiding civil war; the Gift, though, disappeared … as I had been doing assiduously since our first meal… at some point, and has remained hidden (showing great care and perseverance) Q: The magus claims that he needs to steal the Gift in or- … the only easily traversable pass … (travel across or der to persuade Eddis to marry Sounis. What is the real through) reason? A: Sounis wants the pass so he can invade Attolia There is an almost infinite pantheon … (entire set of gods)
When a usurper stole the stone … (someone who wrong- Day fully takes another’s place or position) 5 Chapters 6–7
He smiled benignly … (kindly; in a way that is not harmful) Vocabulary Once I elicited the information … (drew forth a response) … the precipitous edge of the mountain… (dangerously high or steep) [chap. 6] … dropped my mouth open in patent disbelief … (easily recognizable; obvious) Well, dithering won’t help …(delaying due to indecision)
[chap. 6] ©2020 by Curriculum, Sonlight Ltd. All rights reserved. To Discuss After You Read A little circumspection might be wise …(consideration of Q: What do we know about Eddis? potential consequences; unwillingness to take risks) [chap. 6] A: at the top of the mountains between Sounis to the north and Attolia to the south, the country has the only pass I paused to filch a comb… (steal something small in a through the mountains and acquires wealth by taxing the casual way) [chap. 6] caravans that go through the mountains, and by selling … not a propitious start to the day. (giving or indicating a timber from the mountains to Sounis and Attolia good chance of success; favorable) [chap. 6] … interposing himself … (placing between one thing and Day 4 Chapter 5 another) [chap. 7] … to keep it from sidling … (walk in a furtive, unobtrusive, Vocabulary or timid manner, especially sideways or obliquely)[chap. 7] … emigrants like your mother … (a person who leaves his or her home country) … cast a contemptuous glance in my direction. (showing disregard; scornful) [chap. 7] … my mother never debased anything … (reduced in qual- ity) … for fear of contagion. (the spread of disease) [chap. 7] … tried to force me, I balked. (hesitated; expressed unwill- … that’s treasonous. (characteristic of betraying one’s gov- ingness) ernment or leader) [chap. 7] I retired chagrined from the field of contest. (distress or … made Sophos writhe. (squirm; make continuous twisting embarrassment at having failed or been humiliated) movements) [chap. 7] … your first heathen temple. (not adhering to a widely– … the striations in the soil … (a series of linear marks in held religion) rock or soil that show layers of deposit) [chap. 7] … she will intercede on their behalf. (intervene; act as a * * * go–between on behalf of another) Cultural Literacy * * * dystopia: an imagined place or state in which everything is unpleasant or bad, typically a totalitarian or environ- Cultural Literacy mentally degraded one. The opposite of utopia. [chap. 6] flysch: a deposit of sedimentary rocks.
72 | The Thief | Section Three | History of Science To Discuss After You Read … gotten myself irretrievably stuck … (in a way that is During the Eumen conspiracy, Ambiades’ grandfather impossible to recover) “tried to return the oligarchy.” This means that, rather than … of the gods or of their supplicants. (those who ask for a king (monarchy), the grandfather wanted some form of favor or help from someone more powerful) oligarchy, or rule by a few; presumably, himself and a few choice friends. This didn’t work, and he was killed, with his The magus had been swoggled … (tricked or cheated) lands and titles forfeit to the king. So Ambiades is ex- … feet began moving of their own volition … (the power tremely poor, from a disgraced family, yet, on some level, of using one’s own will) hoping to be honored for his ancestry. [chap. 6] * * * Q: What mystery does Ambiades offer? [chap. 6] A: his comb is very expensive; he is excessively moody and Cultural Literacy grumpy peplos: a rich outer robe or shawl worn by women in an- Q: The original Eugenides gets immortality, but also what? cient Greece, hanging in loose folds and sometimes drawn [chap. 6] over the head. A: a bitter life naos: was the sanctuary, the innermost chamber, of a Q: When Gen is beaten for his assumed theft of food, what Greek temple. new bits of information do we learn about him? [chap. 7] A: he knows horses: he can mount on his own, and knows pronaos: a vestibule at the front of a classical temple, how to use the reins, so much that his horse is surprised; enclosed by a portico and projecting sidewalls. he wants to be a kingmaker and famous; he wants to canted: sloped or tilted. reduce the arrogance of the magus; he held his tongue, which was new for him, and he had been angry enough opisthodomos: treasure room of a temple. that the magus had been frightened fibula pins: a brooch for fastening garments. Q: Gen has several distressing things happen to him in Chapter 7. What are they? [chap. 7] To Discuss After You Read A: he is beaten with a riding crop and almost has his hands Q: In his dream, what instruction is Gen given? [p. 146] destroyed from lack of circulation by the foolish Ambiades A: “Take what you seek if you find it then, but be cautious. Do not offend the gods” (p. 146) Q: What does Gen learn about Sophos? [chap. 7] A: not only will he be duke one day, but his father only is Day concerned that he learn riding and fencing; Pol is captain 7 Chapter 9 of his father’s guard, which means that his father values Sophos very much, to send Pol as bodyguard My predecessor came here … (a person who held a posi- tion before the current holder) Q: When Gen learns a bit of the history of the magus, what
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by light does it shed on his own life? [chap. 7] An astute observation … (the ability to accurately assess a A: he wonders if it was better to have relatives than not to situation and use it to one’s advantage) have them; even though he dislikes most of his, he loves … and my ready compliance … (obedience) one, and that makes him better off The magus capitulated with a smile … (stopped resisting; Q: What casual dig infuriates Ambiades? [chap. 7] surrendered) A: Gen accuses him of serving someone else—maybe himself … a comforting pretense of anonymity… (attempt to make something that is not true appear so) Day Chapter 8 6 … cast its frugal glow … (not excessive)
Vocabulary … afraid of the retribution … (punishment inflicted for a … Eugenides evaded his request … (escaped or avoided, wrongdoing) especially through cleverness) … to get some purchase in order to lift my head … (a … he nagged and cajoled … (persuaded; coaxed) position that allows something to be used advantageously)
… flowed through a sluice in its dam. (a sliding gate that To Discuss After You Read controls the flow of water) Q: Who does Eugenides meet unexpectedly in Chapter 9? … waved one hand in a vague benediction … (the utter- A: Eugenides the immortal, Moira, Hephestia, Oceanus, and ance or bestowing of a blessing) other gods and goddesses … I muttered a perfunctory prayer to the god of thieves … (done with minimal effort)
History of Science | Section Three | The Thief | 73 Day Q: What unexpected enemy does Eugenides make in 9 Chapter 11 Chapter 9? A: Aracthus, the river, who was charged to let no one enter, Vocabulary but then this human did Discretion prevented me from saying … (behavior that prevents revealing offensive or private information) Day 8 Chapter 10 The magus was consternated. (filled with anxiety)
Vocabulary My new, vehement belief in the gods … (strong or forceful; passionate) … how close he was to being spitted. (having a skewer or sword passed through) …we will be subjugated as we never were before … (brought under control through conquest) My tone nettled him … (annoyed)
… reciminations of uselessness … (accusations in re- To Discuss After You Read sponse to one from someone else) Q: Gen thinks about the killing he did. “I might just as well … eager to divest myself of the gods’ attention… (rid have stabbed him in the back in an alley”. Is Gen right oneself of something unwanted) to think that? [p. 238] A: no; as a soldier, the opponent knew he was getting into a * * * tussle with an enemy; I think Gen is feeling more guilt than he needs to Cultural Literacy Q: As Gen talks to Eugenides, he says, “The god beside me stele: also stela; an upright stone slab or column typically was silent, and the silence stretched out from my bed- bearing a commemorative inscription or relief design, side through the castle and, it seemed, throughout the ©2020 by Curriculum, Sonlight Ltd. All rights reserved. often serving as a gravestone. world as I remembered that Lyopidus had burned and ostler: hostler; one in charge of the horses of those stay- died while Eugenides had not”. What does this mean? ing at an inn. [p. 235] A: Gen feels sorry for himself, and he says that he wishes To Discuss After You Read that he had died, so he wouldn’t have to think about the Q: Very early on, the magus and Gen had an interesting lives of Sophos and the magus, but then remembers that interaction. “We might someday attain a relationship of the god lives forever with the knowledge that he stole mutual respect,’ he said softly. First, I thought, I will see thunderbolts that burned the world and killed the brother gods walking the earth. He went on. ‘For now I will have he loved; basically, part of living is dealing with grief and, I your obedience.” How does this possibility play out? suppose, guilt A: Gen sees gods on the earth; shortly after, the magus says Q: What does the god mean when he says to Gen, “His that he’s a wonder and “hugged me like his own son, or wife died in the winter. His three children live with their anyway like a close relative” (p. 193) aunt in Eia”? [p. 236] A: Q: Why did Sophos know that the stone was Hamiathes’s the god tells Gen about the family of the man he killed, Gift? and Gen can release his guilt and get on with life A: it carries its own authority Q: What does the magus want most in the world? A: Q: What unsettling thing happens to Gen when he steals to be at the wedding of Sounis and Eddis, in hopes of horses? alliances of the three countries so that they can stand A: not only are there no watchmen around, and the ostler together against the Medes is blind drunk, but when the horses walk on the cobbles, Q: Why does Gen have a feather–shaped scar on his cheek? they stay silent: the god of thieves continues to look out A: Eugenides the god has marked him with his own scar, as a for him sign of approval Q: Is Gen pleased that the god of thieves is helping him? Day [p. 212] 10 Chapter 12 A: “I’d discovered I was eager to divest myself of the gods’ attention as quickly as possible”; he would rather not be Vocabulary quite so noticeable to the gods … managed a perfunctory appearance … (of an action or Q: Why does Gen decide to help the magus? gesture, carried out with a minimum of effort or reflection) A: because he has grown to like some of them, and doesn’t … my queen and staunchest defender … (most loyal) want to see them killed If the gods were incarnations of the mountains … (physi- cal embodiments of deities)
74 | The Thief | Section Three | History of Science … responsibility to be opulent … (excessively luxurious) been helpful for the magus to know, perhaps. He delivers an ambiguous line about leaving the city: “two carved … powers to confer immortality … (grant or bestow) lions that were supposed to roar if an enemy of the king … he was feeling vindicated … (cleared of blame or suspicion) passed beneath them… . They remained silent as we passed under” (p. 23). This could mean that they were * * * not enemies, or it could mean that he was (or that there were multiple enemies), but that that myth was not true. Cultural Literacy Another ambiguous line: “I saw the magus watching me torque: also spelled torc; a neck ring. finger the wool, like a tailor assessing its value—or like cabochon: a gem polished but not faceted. scum from a gutter touching something he knows he shouldn’t. I turned my back on him and let him think what Asklepios: a god of medicine in ancient Greek religion he wanted” (pp. 61–62). He says truth throughout, but in and mythology. such a way that it sounds disguised: “My uncle used to keep that much under his bed and count it every night” To Discuss After You Read (p. 16); “I wouldn’t know, not being scum from the gutter. As Gen and the others go to the palace of Eddis, he But my father is a soldier” (p. 55); Gen reminds the magus, mentions the ponies’ hooves “as they climbed the stone “that it was my place to be King’s Thief” (p. 73). He says roadway that ran up the cleft in the mountains, cut by the the treasonous line, “Gutter scum gets drafted into the Aracthus before its path had changed” (p. 258). This is a ref- infantry and fights for a worthless king, and hangers–on erence to the story of Eugenides and the Great Fire (p. 151): like you watch” (p. 141) to Ambiades, but that’s because he it was the Aracthus that had no desire to help Eugenides. owes no loyalty to Sounis, as he says, truthfully, to Attolia: “I have no particular loyalty to the king of Sounis” (p. 233). Q: What surprises show up in the final chapter? Far earlier than he should have, “I heard the king of Sounis A: Eugenides is from Eddis, in fact, that same Eugenides the and the queen of Eddis and other voices” (p. 225). Here magus mentioned earlier: “The title of King’s Thief is a he was in Attolia’s prison, yet he knows what the queen hereditary one now in Eddis, and I think the current Thief is of Eddis’s voice sounds like? He also tells Attolia that he named Eugenides. Maybe you’re related” (p. 86); and, Eu- is promised to someone (p. 234), which is unexpected, as genides stole Hamiathes’s Gift not once, but twice (reread we’ve heard nothing about a sweetheart thus far. Just p. 197 for the sneaky way Gen describes his second theft) before the big reveal of the Gift, the magus is unsurprised Q: How did Pol know Gen’s identity? by Gen’s identity, and Gen hopes, “that the magus didn’t A: when Gen thanked him for the ossil berries, he said, “Be know all my secrets” (p. 260). blessed in your endeavors” (p. 139), an Eddisian thanks Did you catch who commissioned Gen to attempt his When Gen says to the magus, “I’ll probably have to foolhardy plan? “After years spent trying to dissuade me burn it” (p. 266), he’s referring back to the initial interview, from wasting my time acquiring valueless skills, he had where Gen sits in the most comfortable chair and the ma- come to my study one night to tell me why the queen of gus tells him that it will now have to be cleaned (chap. 10). Eddis would consider a marriage proposal from Sounis and ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by why her council, himself included, urged her to accept. Review He’d left a stack of double–heavy coins on the table and Q: Now that you’ve finished the book, can you think of any gone away” (p. 266). Piecing the story together, Sounis had hints that pointed to the surprise ending? sent a message to Eddis that he had Hamiathes’s Gift and A: They are sprinkled throughout. How does Gen know was, thus, rightful king. Gen assumes that is because Sou- about the history of the agora, about the magus, about nis wants the pass so he can invade Attolia in revenge, but the height of the king of Sounis’s father (p. 14)? He is far it could be that he is taking the long view, as is the magus, too well–informed of history and politics to be a com- and wants Eddis so the three countries can fight against mon thief. He mentions that he had been in the treasure the Medes. In any case, Gen’s father basically gives Gen the room before, but apparently didn’t steal (p. 16); he also money and motivation to go get the Gift, whether by steal- was in the king’s record room, to plant a false history (p. ing it from Sounis’s megaron or, as ends up happening, 234). The first time he tells the magus his name, he says, drinking through cheap taverns until he’s arrested. n “He wasn’t interested in the rest” (p. 7), which would have
History of Science | Section Three | The Thief | 75 Readers Weeks 3–4: Going Solo
Day … the full regalia, and to hell with the climate … (mag- 11 pp. 1–19 nificent attire; finery) Did you grow up loving books (or movies) like Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, Matilda, or James and … be some subtle perfume or a magic aphrodisiac … the Giant Peach? Well if you love Roald Dahl’s imaginative (a drug or food that arouses or intensifies sexual desire) fiction, you’re sure to enjoy the true story of this British … He did it ostentatiously, slapping … (pretentiously) author’s life. While Dahl reminisces about his younger years in the autobiographical Boy, Going Solo focuses on * * * the adventures of his young adulthood during World War II. Please note that he uses rougher speech when he refers Cultural Literacy to a “don’t give a damn attitude” and “to hell …” Venus de Milo: famous Greek statue from 130–120 B.C.E.; can be viewed at the Louvre in Paris. Overview Polo: game played by two teams of three or four players Going Solo is Roald Dahl’s memoir of a few years of his on horseback who are equipped with long–handled mal- life. While an autobiography tells the story of the author’s lets for driving a small wooden ball through the oppo- life, from birth to the time of writing, a memoir is only nents’ goal. a select collection of the author’s memories, a bit more focused. Dahl especially is a keen observer of life and tells boomerang: a flat, curved, usually wooden missile shaped a fascinating story. so that when thrown it returns to the thrower. After serving as a Shell Company employee in Africa Isak Dinesen: pseudonym of Karen Blixen (1885–1962), for about a year, Dahl decided to join the Royal Air Force the most celebrated Danish writer of the twentieth cen- (RAF). In 1939, he began his training with fifteen other tury; known for several books written in English, including men, thirteen of whom would die in the next two years. Seven Gothic Tales (1934), Winter’s Tales (1942), and Out of In a statement typical of Dahl’s style, he comments, “In Africa (1938). retrospect, one gasps at the waste of life”—then he con- tinues his narration. He crashes in Africa, convalesces in gramophone: a record player. Alexandria, fights a losing battle in Greece, meets some of Cantharides: a toxic preparation of the crushed, dried the earliest Jewish refugees that moved to Palestine, and bodies of the brilliant green blister beetle. finally returns to England in 1941. Sikh: a member of a monotheistic religion; never cuts his Setting hair—either rolls it up on the top of his head or in a turban. The events in Going Solo take place between 1938 and wallah: one employed in a particular occupation or activ- 1941, from shortly before World War II and into the early ity; for example, a kitchen wallah.
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by years of the war. Dahl has adventures in many interesting places, from his home in England, to Egypt, Greece, and coit: a flat ring of iron or rope thrown at a stake in the Palestine. As you read, consider how the particular times game of quoits. and places in the book affect Dahl’s journey and impact pilchard: a small, herring–type of fish. his development. With Dahl’s help, you’re going to learn quite a bit of lager: A German beer. geography this week! To Discuss After You Read Vocabulary In the 1930s, the sun never set on the British Empire. … Empire–builders’ jargon would have filled … (the That fact is quite a testimony to Great Britain’s ability to specialized or technical language of a particular trade or successfully colonize much of the world. Online find a profession) historical map of the British Empire. … best of all about them was their eccentricities … Q: Dahl writes wonderful sketches of people and places. (deviation from the normal or expected behaviors) He generally gives a one–paragraph intense descrip- tion of a person, and then relates an anecdote about … have seen a genuine apparition … (a ghostly figure) them. Notice that he uses colorful adjectives to de- … Only a bounder would do that … (an ill–bred, unscrupu- scribe a person or location he has closely observed. lous man; a cad) Find an example of each in today’s reading. A: the Major who runs naked about the ship with his wife … Major Griffiths was vapid, vulgar, arrogant … (lacking (second paragraph, p. 5); the woman who refuses to touch liveliness, animation, or interest; dull) anything with her fingers (fourth paragraph, p. 8), and dreads toes even more; U.N. Savory has no single para-
History of Science | Section Three | Going Solo | 77 graph description, but his story is fantastic, as he elabo- To Discuss After You Read rately disguises his baldness Mussolini invaded Abyssinia with one hundred thou- sand troops. Abyssinia, independent since the days of King Timeline and Map Points Solomon, had been the only African nation to resist the Marseilles (G3); Malta (H5) (map 1) European invasion. The League of Nations imposed eco- Aden (E5); Ceylon (F8); Federated Malay States (F9); nomic sanctions against Italy as a result. Some believe Hitler Allahabad (D8); Assam (D9); Punjab (D7); Port Sudan invaded Czechoslovakia as a result of Mussolini’s actions. (E5) (map 2) Q: In the last section, you found intense, one–paragraph Port Said; Suez Canal (see following map) sketches of people and places Dahl has closely ob- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 served. Find another example in today’s reading. A: Dar–es–Salaam (third paragraph, p. 22); the Sanford A house (paragraph on pp. 32–33), etc. Q: What happens to the cook’s wife? B A: a lion runs off with her, but she plays dead so the lion will not bite through her clothes; Robert Sanford shot in front
C Port Said of the lion, who turns, drops the wife, and runs away Suez Canal Timeline and Map Points D Tenby (E1) (map 1) Abyssinia (modern–day Ethiopia) (F5); Nyasaland (modern–day Malawi) (H4) (map 2)
Day ©2020 by Curriculum, Sonlight Ltd. All rights reserved. 12 pp. 20–40 Day 13 pp. 41–66
Vocabulary Vocabulary … In those benighted days of Empire … (unenlightened) … safely put inside an internment camp … (to confine, … an immense low–slung protuberant belly … (bulging) especially during war) * * * … out on to the grass verge as we went slowly … (the shoulder of the road) Cultural Literacy … the frogs were croaking incessantly … (continuing Mussolini: Benito Amilcare Andrea Mussolini (1883– without stopping) 1945); fascist dictator of Italy during World War II. … does it by blowing out his dewlap and letting … (a fold Abyssinia: modern day Federal Democratic Republic of of loose skin hanging from the neck) Ethiopia. * * * casuarinas: a tree and shrub. acacia: small tree or shrub, of the mimosa family, having Cultural Literacy clusters of small yellow flowers. sundowner: an alcoholic drink in the evening. Swahili: African language of Bantu origin; borrows words pawpaw: the largest edible fruit native to America. Indi- from other languages, such as Arabic, as a result of the vidual pawpaw fruits, which look similar to the mango, Swahili people using the Arabic Qur’an for spiritual guid- weigh 5–16 ounces and are 3–6 inches in length. They ance as Muslims. usually have 10–14 seeds in two rows; the brownish to blackish seeds are shaped like lima beans. Pawpaws occur Nyasaland: now called the Republic of Malawi; located in as clusters of individual fruits. The ripe fruit is soft and thin East Africa. skinned. sisal: an agave that generates a stiff fiber used to make rope. Armistice: the truce, the end of World War I. black mamba: a dark–brown to gray African snake be- Kilimanjaro: a mountain located in the northeastern part longing to the cobra family. of Tanzania; it has the highest peak in Africa. baobab: a large tree native to tropical Africa, with an exceedingly thick trunk, and a gourdlike fruit. simba: Swahili for lion. tarboosh: a brimless top–hat with a black tassel.
78 | Going Solo | Section Three | History of Science To Discuss After You Read monsoon: a wind from the southwest that brings heavy Q: Dahl mentions that some snakes were deadly and some rainfall to southern Asia in the summer. were simply poisonous. What does this mean? Mount Kenya: Kenya’s highest mountain and the second A: the bite of some snakes would kill you, whereas others highest peak in Africa. would merely make you sick Gloster Gladiator: an old fighter biplane. Before World War I, Tanganyika had been a German colony (German East Africa). But in 1919 after the Armi- drogue: a funnel–shaped or cone–shaped device towed stice, Germany was forced to hand the territory over to the behind an aircraft as a target. British, who renamed it Tanganyika. To Discuss After You Read Dahl tells Mdisho that countries must declare war be- fore they may go and fight. In World War II, Hitler invaded Note to Parents: On page 95, Dahl quotes a Lieutenant countries without declaring war. Great Britain declared as saying, “Don’t be an ass.” Considering the time period war on Germany on September 1, 1939, after Hitler’s and the context, this refers to a foolish person and not a troops invaded Poland. body part or curse word. Q: As war begins, Dahl’s tone, how he colors his writing, Timeline and Map Points becomes understated. For example, he eats brown Kilimanjaro (G4); Kigoma (G4) (map 2) rice and bananas for dinner one evening and loves the meal. The next day, though, he states that the rice and
Day bananas, “didn’t taste so good early in the morning.” 14 pp. 67–96 Another example follows a couple pages later, as a Ger- man, shot through the head, falls dead at Dahl’s feet. Vocabulary Instead of a description (for which we are all grateful), … sipping the whisky and ruminating upon … (to turn a Dahl merely says, “It was a horrible sight.” Can you find matter over and over in the mind) more examples of understatement? A: “six feet six inches was not the ideal height for a flier of … a wonderfully magnanimous gesture … (noble in mind aeroplanes”; “in retrospect, one gasps at the waste of life”; and heart) “you took great care not to lose your balance and fall for- … they never ceased to enthrall me … (to hold spell- ward otherwise the prop would chop off your head”; “this bound) was surely not the right way of doing things … . I myself survived only by the skin of my teeth” … with languorous demure expressions … (languorous: lack of physical energy; listlessness; demure: reserved in Q: Why is Mdisho disappointed? manner or behavior) A: he kills a German because he is thrilled to be at war, but then finds out he must tell no one and even that the police … examination by an affable English doctor … (easy and will go after him; happily, though, Dahl gives him a sword pleasant to speak to; approachable)
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by for “bravery” … retrospect, one gasps at the waste of life … (a review of Q: After Mdisho hears that Dahl and the soldiers killed a things in the past) German, he says, “Then we are equal, bwana,” and Dahl … I was almost asphyxiated by the slipstream … (suffo- agrees. Do you agree with Mdisho’s statement? cated) Timeline and Map Points … now we were intrepid flying men … (resolutely coura- geous, fearless) Mount Kenya (F5); Eldoret (F4); Nakuru (F5); Kampala (F4) (map 2) … a rather supercilious Flight–Lieutenant … (haughtily disdainful or contemptuous) Day 15 pp. 97–121 … a parked Gladiator on the tarmac and said … (a road, airport runway, parking area, etc., paved with Tarmac, tar- Vocabulary macadam, or a layer of tar) … flight in itself was a fairly daunting one … (intimidat- * * * ing) … my legs galvanized my soggy brain into action … Cultural Literacy (stimulated) chit: a note or receipt. … and the incrustations of blood around the eyelids … Dhow: any of various lateen–rigged sailing vessels, typi- (crust or coating of anything on the surface of a body) cally having a raised poop, a raked stem, and one or two masts, used along the coasts of the Indian Ocean.
History of Science | Section Three | Going Solo | 79 … Mary Welland’s dulcet tones were infinitely … (pleasant demoralize the people. Hitler called off the attack in Sep- to the ear; melodious) tember, 1940. Churchill said, “Never in the field of human conflict was so much owed by so many to so few.” … first it opened only an infinitesimal crack … (immea- surably small) Luftwaffe: German air force. … against the German juggernaut … (a massive, inexo- Khalkís: the capital of the Greek island Évripos. rable force that seems to crush everything in its way) Piraeus Harbour: the harbor in the city of Piraeus which is * * * located in the eastern–central part of Greece.
Cultural Literacy To Discuss After You Read fuselage: the central body of an aircraft, to which the Q: Dahl can summarize, in one paragraph, an entire story. wings and tail are attached and which holds the crew, pas- Find one example of an anecdote, a short, often humor- sengers, and cargo. ous story, from today’s reading. For an example, turn back to p. 117 and re–read the story of the woman and To Discuss After You Read the orderly’s repulsive behavior towards her. A: Q: Find an example of Dahl’s excellent descriptions from one example: p. 134, first paragraph—latrine trouble today’s reading. For example, in the paragraph on pp. 112–113, Dahl describes what he feels when he sees Day pp. 141–154 again for the first time in weeks. In these few short 17 words, Dahl sketches his previous emotions, his present Vocabulary feelings, his actual vision, and his physical posture. A: I like p. 120, last paragraph—why Dahl fears flight across … the deeply wrinkled doleful face of a cat … (sorrowful; the Mediterranean mournful; melancholy) ©2020 by Curriculum, Sonlight Ltd. All rights reserved. The whole thing was a ridiculous farce … (foolish show; Timeline and Map Points mockery; a ridiculous sham) Plymouth (E2) (map 1) * * *
Day 16 pp. 122–140 Cultural Literacy Parthenon: a Doric temple in Athens built by Phidias Vocabulary between ca. 447 B.C.E.–432 B.C.E. … how to extricate their army from Greece … (to free or Lamia: a city located in central Greece. release from entanglement; disengage) ace: a pilot who has destroyed five or more enemy aircraft. … they aren’t even incendiaries … (used or adapted for setting property on fire) ailerons: a movable surface, usually near the trailing edge of a wing, that controls the roll of the airframe or effects * * * maneuvers, as banks and the like.
Cultural Literacy squash: a racket game played in a closed, walled court with a rubber ball. Dunkirk: in May 1940, the German army quickly moved into France and conquered it. The allied troops were rugger: rugby; a form of football played with an oval ball. bottled up in the French city of Dunkirk on the English Channel. Winston Churchill ordered Operation Dynamo To Discuss After You Read to rescue as many soldiers as possible. Between May 27th Q: How do you think Dahl has been able to survive such and June 4th, 693 ships (from small sailing ships, fishing dangerous situations with the odds stacked against him? boats, to military ships) evacuated 338,226 French and A: it’s not due to experience, teamwork, or superior machin- British troops. Many small boats courageously sailed into ery; in some cases (such as flying very low) it may be due the teeth of the Luftwaffe. to quick thinking, but in others it might be luck Battle of Britain: during WWII; after conquering most of Europe, Hitler sought to invade England. He ordered the RAF destroyed before sending in ground troops. Small RAF fighter planes fought Luftwaffe fighter and bomber planes. Hitler then sent planes to bomb civilian cities; he hoped to
80 | Going Solo | Section Three | History of Science Day Day 18 pp. 155–173 20 pp. 187–210
Cultural Literacy Vocabulary Adjutant: an executive officer. … British colonies were parochial and isolated … (very limited or narrow in outlook) Air Commodore: an air force officer of a rank comparable to an army brigadier general. * * * perspex: a transparent theroplastic acrylic resin. Cultural Literacy ground–strafed: airplane flies toward the ground drop- Rhodes: the largest of the Dodecanese islands, which are ping bombs or firing at individuals. part of the Greek islands.
To Discuss After You Read Vichy French: Frenchmen who supported the Germans. Q: What do you think of Dahl volunteering for the Air Beersheba: a city in southern Israel. Commodore’s assignment? Mount Carmel: a mountain located near Haifa, Israel.
Day Tyre: an ancient city in Lebanon. 19 pp. 174–186 Sidon: also Zidon or Saida; Lebanon’s third largest city. Cultural Literacy Jewish refugees: persecuted Jews who sought refuge in Kalamata: also spelled Kalamai; a city in southern Greece. other countries. Battle of (El) Alamein: fought in the deserts of North Durban: a river in Lebanon. Africa; one of the decisive victories of World War II; fought Liverpool: a city in northwestern England. between two outstanding commanders, Great Britain’s Montgomery and Germany’s Rommel; the Allied victory Aylesbury: the county town of Buckinghamshire located led to the retreat of the Afrika Korps and the German sur- in the south central part of England. render in North Africa in May 1943. Tanagra: the brownish–orange color of terracotta−Tana- gras was an ancient city of east–central Greece in eastern To Discuss After You Read Boeotia known for producing terracotta pottery and Q: How did the Grecian fiasco significantly affect the war sculptures. effort? A: the men and resources needed in Greece diminished the To Discuss After You Read forces in the Western Desert, so that Rommel was able, Q: In Palestine, what surprise awaits Dahl? for the next two years, to run rampant, and even threaten A: fifty children and an adult, all German Jews who fled Egypt and the Middle East, until his final defeat
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by Europe and settled in Palestine Note: From the mid 1800s, Zionist Jews believed they needed their own homeland; they moved to Palestine to form their own land. This dream came true with the forma- tion of the modern state of Israel in 1948. Q: Why does Dahl leave the RAF? A: because of his earlier accident, he begins to suffer awful headaches and receives a discharge n
History of Science | Section Three | Going Solo | 81 Section Four
Instructor’s Guide Resources "History of Science"—Scope and Sequence: Schedule for Topics and Skills
Week Memory Work Bible Reading History/Social Studies Geography Biography 1 Hebrews 4:14-16 1 Chronicles –13 Beginnings of history, Mesopotamia; Ancient civilizations; Be- Egypt; China; ginnings of astronomy; Peru; Swaziland; Ancient mathematics England; India; Nile, Tigris, and Euphrates Rivers; Greece; Mexico 2 Ephesians 4:31-32 1 Chronicles Beginnings of western Aegean Sea; Thales; Homer; Anaxi- 14–18 civilization; Counting sys- Greece; Baby- mander; Anaximenes; tems; Base-60; Historical lon; Phoenicia; Anaxagoras; Empedocles; recording begins; Greek Carthage; Crete; Herodotus math Strait of Gibral- tar; England; Norway; Baltic Sea 3 Proverbs 3:27-28 1 Chronicles Babylonians; Egyptians; Samos; Delphi; Pythagoras; Democritus; 19–25:8 Algebraic math; rational Italy; Thrace; Socrates; Plato; Eudoxus; and irrational numbers; Diospolis; Pericles the Golden Mean Babylon; Egypt; Croton; Athens; Sparta 4 Galatians 5:22-23 1 Chronicles 26– Perfect numbers; the Stagira; Athens; Plato; Aristotle; Alexander 2 Chronicles 2 study of the heavens; Macedon; Alex- the Great; Aristarchus; Calculating the size of ander’s Empire; Menaechmus; Eratosthe- the moon; Archimedean Syracuse; Sicily; nes; Euclid; Archimedes screw; Euclid’s Elements Syene 5 1 Peter 3:15-16 2 Chronicles 3–7 Area of a triangle; begin- Alexandria; Hero; Euclid; Apollonius; nings of steam-powered Cairo; Constan- Archimedes vehicles; levers and pul- tinople; Athens; ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by leys; Euclidean geom- Syracuse; Greece; etry; Density; Working Carthage; Rome with large numbers; Archimedes’ Principle; Finding Pi 6 Psalms 46:1-2 2 Chronicles 8–12 Size of the Earth; Roman Alexandria; Eratosthenes; Julius Caesar; engineering; Mapping Egypt; Cyrene; Augustus Caesar; Lucre- the stars Libya; Rome; tius; Strabo; Hipparchus; Cnidus; Rhodes; Eudoxus; Archimedes; Ida Syracuse; Scudder; James Buchanan Carthage; India; Ceylon; Cape of Good Hope; Ohio; New York; Nebraska; Japan; Illinois; Massa- chusetts (continued on the following page)
History of Science | Section Four | 1 Week Memory Work Bible Reading History/Social Studies Geography Biography 7 Psalms 46:3-4 2 Chronicles “The World is Round”; the Hippo; Italy; Jerome; Augustine; 13–17 Middle Ages; Compar- Spain; Iraq; Boethius; Pope Sylvester; ing scientific explora- Algeria; Zanzi- Adelard of Bath; Avicenna; tion around the world; bar; Sumatra; Averroes; Malmonides; Beginnings of Higher Morocco; Egypt; Aryabhata; Brahmagupta; Education; the Fibonacci New Jersey; Muhammead Ibn-Musa-al- Sequence Pennsylvania; Khwarizmi; Lenoardo Fibo- New York nacci; Elizabeth Blackwell 8 Psalms 46:5-6 2 Chronicles Aquinas, and Faith & France; Italy; Thomas Aquinas; Rober Ba- 18–22 Reason; Gutenberg & Samarkland; con; Johannes Guttenberg; Movable Type; Magellan Spain; Portugal; William Tyndale; Vasco and the Explorers Philippines; Nunez de Balboa; Magel- India; Massachu- lan; Mahatma Gandhi setts; Michigan; Ohio; Minnesota; Austria; Prague; Germany; Hima- layas; England; Denmark; Ire- land; Scotland; ©2020 by Curriculum, Sonlight Ltd. All rights reserved. Australia; Ceylon; Egypt; Canada; Florida 9 Psalms 46:7-8 2 Chronicles Science & Art; the Constantinople; Francis Bacon; Leonardo da 23–27 Hundred Years’ War; the Holland; Italy; Vinci; Gutenberg; Coperni- Modern Times; the Black Poland; England cus; Michelangelo; Colum- Death; Newton’s Theory bus; Isaac Newton of Gravitation 10 Psalms 46:9-10 2 Chronicles Copernicus & Earth’s Denmark; Martin Luther; Coperni- 28–32 celestial orbit; Earth’s Norway; Poland; cus; Vesalius; Tycho Brahe; planetary orbit; Brahe Sweden; Austria; Johannes Kepler; Francis and scientific observa- Prague; England; Bacon; Christiaan Huygens; tion; Supernovas; New- Baltic Sea Galen of Pergamon ton’s Laws of Motion; the Nature of Light 11 Psalms 46:1-11 2 Chronicles Galileo & Gravity; “Noth- Italy Galileo Galilei; Giordano 33–36, Joel 1 ing is at Rest”; Mathe- Bruno; Christopher Mar- matics & Motion; Galileo’s lowe; William Shakespeare; Law of Uniformly Accel- Copernicus; Antonie van erated Motion; Friction; Leeuwenhoek; Robert Inertia; Principle of Rela- Hooke tivity; Perception of the Size of the Universe; the Telescope & Microscope 12 Isaiah 40:28-29 Joel 2 & 3, Galileo’s Telescope; Italy; Prague Galileo; Hans Lippershey; Song of Solomon Kepler & the study of Johannes Kepler; Tycho 1–3 light; Planetary move- Brahe ment; Galileo’s Theory of Relativity (continued on the following page)
2 | Section Four | History of Science Week Memory Work Bible Reading History/Social Studies Geography Biography 13 Isaiah 40:30-31 Song of Solomon Kepler’s Laws of Plan- Holland; Sweden; Kepler; Rene Descartes; 4–8 etary Motion; Ellipses; France Andrew Wiles; Isaac New- Descartes and Math- ton; Robert Hooke; Zeno; ematic Variables; New- Albert of Saxony; John ton’s Law of Universal Bunyan; Gottfried Wilhelm Gravitation; Calculus & Leibniz Geometry; Grid Systems; Mathematical Abstrac- tion; Distance & Infinity 14 Amos 5:23-24 Mark 1–4:25 Color & Wavelengths; France; Copen- Newton; Edmond Halley; Newton’s Laws of Mo- hagen; Denmark; Samuel Janson; Olaus tion; Principia; Halley’s Holland; Ger- Christensen Roemer; John Comet; Prime Meridian; many Harrison; Christiaan Huy- Cartography; Instanta- gens; Baruch Spinoza neous Speed 15 Revelations 22:12- Mark 4:26–Mark Chemicals Can Change Austria; Rhodes; Jabir Ibn Hayyan; Albertus 13 6:56 Matter; Alchemy; Por- Poland; Ger- Magnus; Johann Friedrich celain; Phosphorus; the many; Ireland; Bottger; Franze Deleboe; Nine Elements; Boyle’s Belgium; Hennig Brandt; Robert Law; Air Pressure; Prob- Switzerland; Boyle; Blaise Pascal; Evan- ability; Discovery of Netherlands; gelista Torricelli; Daniel Neptune; Longitude and Russia; Denmark; Bernoulli; Robert Hooke; Latitude; the Equator; Italy; England; Niels Bohr Age of Exploration Portugal; Canary Islands; Madera Islands; Tropic of Cancer; Tropic of Capricorn; Je- rusalem; Azores; Tangier; Phila- delphia; Carib- bean; Jamaica;
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by Patagonia; Tierra del Fuego; Juan Ferdinand Island; Chile 16 Matthew 22:37-38 Mark 7–Mark Chatelet and Principia France; Scotland; Emilie du Chatelet; Voltaire; 10:31 Translation; Chatelet & Poland; Holland; John Locke; Louis XIV; Energy Calculations; Car- Sweden; Portu- Joseph Black; Karl Scheele; bon Dioxide; Heat and gal; West Indies; Joseph Priestley; Daniel Temperature; Hydrogen; England Fahrenheit; Anders Celsius; Scheele’s Discoveries; Henry Cavendish; Charles- Fahrenheit, Celsius, and Augustin de Coulomb; Kelvin; Density of the Antoine-Laurent Lavoisier; Earth; Electrostatic Force; James Watt; Huygens; John Law of the Conservation Harrison; Johannes Werner; of Mass; Industrial Revo- Ole Roemer lution; Velocity of Light; Longitude Act; Pendu- lum Clocks (continued on the following page)
History of Science | Section Four | 3 Week Memory Work Bible Reading History/Social Studies Geography Biography 17 Matthew 22:39-40 Mark 10:32– Water, Gases, and the England; France; William Herschel; Laviosier; Mark 13 Earth’s Layers; Definition Italy Napoleon; Delambre & of an Element; Uranus; Méchain; Thomas Harriot; Chemical Nomenclature; John Dalton; Amedeo Avo- Evaporation and Par- gradro; Edward Frankland; ticles; Atoms; Chemical Friedrich Kekulé; John Har- Bonding; Law of Definite rison; James Cook Proportions; Avogadro’s Law; Avogadro’s Number; the H-4 vs. the Lunar Method; Mean Time 18 Colossians 3:23-24 Mark 14:1– Spectroscopy; First Russia; Germany; Dmitri Ivanovich Men- Mark 15:47 International Chemical Massachusetts; deleyev; Robert Bunsen; Congress; Periodic Table New Hampshire; Benjamin Thompson; of Elements; Valency; Netherlands; William Gilbert; Benjamin Heat is Motion; Static Sumer; Egypt; Franklin; Leyden; Jean Electricity; Distillation; Greece; Syria; Theophilus Desaguli- Four States of Matter; Persia; Ireland; ers; Johann Baptista van Phlogistan England; Ba- Helment; Robert Boyle; varia; Italy Galileo; Johann Joachim ©2020 by Curriculum, Sonlight Ltd. All rights reserved. Becher; George Ernst Stahl; Joseph Priestley; Stephen Hales; Henry Cavendish 19 1 Timothy 2:5-6 Mark 16, Acts 1–3 Electrolysis; Magnetism Italy; Scotland; Alessandro Volta; Humphry and Electricity; Electri- France; Germa- Davy; Hans Christian cal Currents; Electrons; ny; England Oersted; Andre-Marie Am- Dynamos, Electric Mo- pere; Jean-Bernard-Leon tors, and Transformers; Foucault; William Sturgeon; Light as a Wave; Color Joseph Henry; Michael Far- Theory; Maxwell’s Equa- aday; Christian Huygens; tions; Electromagnetic Thomas Young; Augustin- Waves; Conservation of Jean Fresnel; James Clerk Mass; Acids and Bases; Maxwell; Antoine Laurent Table of Equivalents; Law Lavoisier; Daniel Ruth- of Definite Proportions; erford; Jeremias Richter; Dalton’s Atomic Theory; Claude Berthollet; Joseph Law of Multiple Propor- Proust; John Dalton; Jons tions; Gases and Whole Jakob Berzelius; Joseph Numbers; Law of Octaves Louis Gay-Lussac; Amedeo Avogrado; Johann Wolf- gang Döbereiner; John Newlands 20 Matthew 7:24-25 Acts 4–7 Frequency of Sound; Austria; Ireland; Heinrich Rudolf Hertz; Heat as a Matter; Atomic Russia; Ger- Ludwig Edvard Boltzmann; Theory; Work and many; England; Ernst Mach; Thomas Energy; Joules; Power; Bosnia; Scotland; Young; James Prescott Watts; Kinetic and Poten- Afghanistan Joule; Charles Babbage; tial Energy; Noble Gases; George Boole; Mendeleev; Transition Bridge; Metals Julius Plucker; Joseph John Thomson; Ernest Ruther- ford; Henry Moseley (continued on the following page)
4 | Section Four | History of Science Week Memory Work Bible Reading History/Social Studies Geography Biography 21 Matthew 7:26-27 Acts 8– Acts 10:48 First Law of Thermody- Indonesia; Julius Robert von Mayer; namics; Joules; Second Ireland; Scot- William Thomson Law of Thermodynamics; land; Newfound- Entropy; Kelvin Scale; land; Canada; Probability; Paper and Belgium; Italy; Chemistry; Concrete; France; Sweden; Jelly; Comet Dust Denmark; Dubai; Switzerland; Holland; Austria; Germany; Nor- way; Honduras; New Mexico 22 1 Corinthians Acts 11 -14 X-Rays; Nitroglycerine Sweden; Mary- Antoine-Henri Becquerel; 10:12-13 and the Nobel Prize; Ura- land; Ohio; Italy; Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen; nium and X-Rays; Moving Spain; Libya; Alfred Bernhard Nobel; Atoms; Plastic; Consumer Czechia Joseph John Thomson; Al- Cameras; Glass and Light; bert Michelson; Albert Ein- Graphene; Graphite; Dia- stein; William Gilbert; John monds; Carbon Fiber Wesley Hyatt; Alexander Parkes; George Eastman 23 Colossians 1:15-16 Acts 15–18 Electromagnetism; Maryland; Ohio; Hans Christian Øersted; Coulomb’s Law; Morse New Jersey; Michael Faraday; Charles- code; Edison’s Inventions; Nevada; Prussia; Augustin de Coulomb; Tesla’s Inventions; Light England; Califor- Samuel Morse; Thomas and Sound in a Vacuum; nia; Germany; Edison; Nikola Tesla; Albert Electrons Orbit Atoms; Sweden; Den- Abraham Michelson; Atoms and Matter; mark; Poland; Edward Williams Morley; Ceramics; Splitting the Czechoslovakia; J.J. Thomson; Herman Uranium Atom; Nuclear Norway; Canada von Helmholtz; William Advancement; Atomic Crookes; Robert Andrews Age Millikan; Friedrich Böttger; Otto Hahn; Knut Haukelid;
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by J. Robert Oppenheimer 24 Colossians 1:17-18 Acts 19– 21 Thomson’s Model of an Poland; France; Marie & Pierre Curie; Ernest Atom; Marie Curie and Montreal; Nor- Rutherford; Victor Hess; Radium; Alpha, Beta, and way; Scotland; Antoine-Henri Becquerel; Gamma Rays; Cosmic New Mexico; Max Planck; Enrico Fermi; Radiation; Blackbod- Illinois;Russia; Klaus Fuchs; Richard ies; Planck’s Equation; California; Ten- Feynman; Robert Serber; Light as a Particle and a nessee; Wash- Wermer Heisenberg; Theo- Wave; Special Theory of ington dore Hall Relativity; the Universe’s Three Key Constants; the Manhattan Project; Nuclear Chain Reaction; Heavy Water; Los Alamos; Plutonium (continued on the following page)
History of Science | Section Four | 5 Week Memory Work Bible Reading History/Social Studies Geography Biography 25 Colossians 1:19-20 Acts 22–26 Einstein & Light; Pho- India; Bangla- Thomas Young; Albert toelectricity; Quantum desh; Scotland; Einstein; Satyendra Nath Theory; Brownian Mo- Denmark; New Bose; Lord Rayleigh; Robert tion; Radioactive Decay; Zealand; Nor- Brown; Niehls Bohr; Ernest Actuarial Tables; Bomb way; Colorado; Rutherford; Frederick Testing; Bombs Over Utah; Algeria; Soddy; Paul Tibbets; Harry Japan Korea; New S. Truman Mexico; Ger- many; Japan; Washington DC; Kazakhstan 26 Proverbs 15:22; Acts 27–28, Bohr’s Atomic Diagram; Germany; Ernest Rutherford; James 18:10 Romans 1–2 Electromagnetic Energy; Ukraine; Turkey; Chadwick; James Franck; Protons and Neutrons; Netherlands; George Gamoff; Arthur Carbon Dating; Quantum Russia; Norway; Compton; Max von Lave; Mechanics; X-Rays; the Missouri; East Louis-Victor de Brolie Arms Race; Evolution and Germany; Bikini Creation Atoll; Black Sea 27 1 Peter 5:6-7 Romans 3–7 Quantum Theory and Austria; Ger- Werner Heisenberg; Max
Rest; Uncertainty Prin- many; England; Born; Erwin Schrödinger; ©2020 by Curriculum, Sonlight Ltd. All rights reserved. ciple; Complementarity; Oregon; North Ernest Solvay; Paul Adrien Matrix Mechanics; Par- Sea Maurice Dirac; Fermi; Wolf- ticles and Antiparticles; gang Pauli; Gilbert Lewis; Accelerators; Quarks and Linus Carl Pauling; Watson Gluons; Standard Model and Crick of Particle Physics; Inert and Reactive Atoms; DNA; Fossils; Uniformi- tarianism 28 1 John 4:10-11 Romans 8–11 Ionic & Covalent Bonds; Hungary; Italy Franklin D. Roosevelt; Octet Rule; Metals; Ein- James Chadwick; John stein’s Formula; Critical Cockcroft; Paul Dirac; Ed- Mass; Fission and Fusion; win Armstrong; Leo Szilard; Red Record and Rock Harold Urey; Emilio Gino Formations; the Flood Segrè; Carl David Ander- and Extinction son; Alan Turing; Edward Teller; Irène & Frédéric Joliot-Curie; Otto Hahn; Fermi 29 Isaiah 41:10; Rev- Romans 12–16 New Radioactive Sub- Sweden; Norway; Fritz Strassman; Lise elations 4:11 stances; Nuclear Chain New Jersey Meitner; Einstein; Oppen- Reactions; World War II; heimer; Richard Feynman; Heavy Water; Uranium; Otto Frisch; Edward Teller; Oort Cloud; Stars and Stanislaw Ulam; Leo Szilard Galaxies; Macroevolution 30 John 10:27-28 Galatians 1–5 Quantumelectrody- Japan; Sicily; Po- Feynman; Dirac; Julian namics (QED); Relative cono Mountains Schwinger; Sin-itiro To- Motion; Center of the monaga; Freeman Dyson; Universe; Space and Theodosius Dobzhansky Time; Random Mutation (continued on the following page)
6 | Section Four | History of Science Week Memory Work Bible Reading History/Social Studies Geography Biography 31 Deuteronomy Galatians 6, Non-Euclidean Geom- Germany; Swit- Georg Friedrich Bernhard 7:9; 1 Corinthians 1 Thessalonians etry; Fourth Dimension; zerland; Czechia; Riemann; Hendrik Lorentz; 10:31 1–4 Time and Velocity; Mass Belgium Hermann Minkowski; Bar- and Motion; Matter and bara McClintock Energy; Special Relativity; Paradoxes; Time Dilation; Genetic Code; “Noise” and Entropy; Transposi- tion 32 Galatians 3:27-28 1 Thessalonians 5, Einstein and Grav- Italy; Siberia; Walther Nernst; Arthur 2 Thessalonians ity; General Relativity; Principe; Brazil; Stanley Eddington; Edwin 1–3, Spacetime; Gravitation; Russia; Califor- Powell Hubble; Harlow 1 Timothy 1 Lambda; Hubble’s nia; The Alps; Shapley; Willem de Sitter; Telescope; Redshifts Belgium Annie J. Cannon; Aleksandr and the Doppler Effect; Friedmann; Georges Le- Horizontal Gene Transfer; maitre; Christian Doppler Cells and Communica- tion; Symbiogenesis; Punctuated Equilibrium; Genome Duplication 33 Hebrews 10:24-25 1 Timothy 2–6 Luminosity and Distance; California; India; Henrietta Leavitt; Subrah- Celestial Formations; Bulgaria manyan Chandresekhar; Black Holes and Singular- Fritz Zwicky; Walter Baade; ity; Supermassive Stars; Lev Landau; George Natural Selection; How Gamow; John Archibald Cells Communicate; Wheeler; Maartin Schmidt Irreducible Complexity; Design in Biology 34 Luke 16:10-11 2 Timothy 1–4, Black Holes; Event Belarus; Russia; Stephen Hawking; Yakov Titus 1 Horizon; Quasars; LIGO; Italy; Germany; Boris Zeldovich; George Gravitational Waves; Uni- Japan; Australia; Gamow; Ralph Alpher; versal Forces; Paradigm Louisiana; Wash- Hans Bethe; Robert Her-
©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. All Ltd. Sonlight Curriculum, ©2020 by of Physics; Neo-Darwin- ington man; Robert H. Dickie ism; Artificial Intelligence 35 Luke 16:12-13 Titus 2 & 3, Theory of Everything; En- Australia; Chile; Alan Guth; David Bohm; 1 Peter 1–3 tanglement; “Random”; Hawaii Einstein; Pololsky; Rosen Ergodic; Multiverse; Random Mutations 36 Luke 1:37; John 1 Peter 4 & 5, Dark Energy; Dark Mat- Switzerland; Ari- Zwicky; Vera Cooper Rubin; 1:29 2 Peter 1–3 ter; Boolen Logic; Goldi- zona; Michigan; George Boole; Claude lock’s Search; SETI; Chaos Argentina; West Shannon; Carl Sagan Theory Virginia
History of Science | Section Four | 7 ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Murmansk A
FINLAND B SWEDEN NORWAY
Rjukan Oslo St. Petersburg Stockholm
C History of Science—Map 1
SCOTLAND Aberdeen NorthSea LATVIA RUSSIA Glasgow Portobello DENMARK Edinburgh Copenhagen ENGLAND Moscow Eagles eld Belfast NETHERLANDS/HOLLAND D Leeds Bremerhaven Danzig Dublin Manchester Hull Hamburg Minsk Eyam Lincolnshire Berlin IRELAND Amsterdam Groningen Warsaw BELARUS Woolsthorpe Hanover Potsdam POLAND Cork Bristol Cambridge Leiden Göttingen Tenby Bath London Bonn Stonehenge Brussels Cologne Dresden Cornwall BELGIUM GERMANY Kiev E Plymouth Prague Stuttgart CZECHIA UKRAINE Scillies Paris Bavaria Stalingrad (Volgograd) Lirey SLOVAKIA Munich ViennaLinz Zurich AUSTRIA Bern Graz Budapest Odessa FRANCE SWITZERLAND HUNGARY Geneva F Milan Alps ROMANIA ITALY Venice Bordeaux Turin Genoa Padua BOSNIA Pisa Marseilles Florence BULGARIA Black Sea Map Legend Rome Cities G Monte Cassino Naples Constantinople States/Provinces Capri Stagira COUNTRIES PORTUGAL SPAIN Croton Regions GREECE Lisbon TURKEY Megara CONTINENTS Cordoba Erice Bodies of Water H Seville SICILY Argos Athens Syracuse Sparta Cnidus Deserts Rhodes Mountain Crete Mountain Range MALTA Mediterranean Sea Points of Interest I
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Melbourne
Cape Town Cape
Cape of Good Hope Good of Cape
Canberra
I Perth
SWAZILAND SOUTH AFRICA SOUTH
AUSTRALIA
Tropic of Capricorn of Tropic
MADAGASCAR H
MOZAMBIQUE
MALAWI
NYASALAND NYASALAND
TANZANIA
Kigoma TANGANYIKA TANGANYIKA St. Helena St.
G G
Java Dar es Salaam es Dar
Bali
Zanzibar
Bagamoyo
Mombasa
Nairobi Mt. Kilimanjaro Mt.
Nakuru Sumatra
Mt. Kenya Mt. Principe Kampala
KENYA UGANDA
Eldoret
Moluccas
SIERRA LEONE SIERRA F F
Great Rift Valley Rift Great
East Africa East CEYLON SRI LANKA SRI CEYLON Federated Malay States Malay Federated
Colombo
ETHIOPIA
Freetown
Abyssinia
Malabar Leyte
Aden
Vellore
Madras
PHILIPPINES
SUDAN Goa E E
YEMEN
AFRICA AFRICA
EMIRATES
BANGLADESH
Port Sudan Port
Paci c Ocean Paci c
Arabia OMAN
UNITED ARAB UNITED
Wadi Halfa Wadi Hong Kong Hong
BURMA
SAUDI ARABIA SAUDI Bombay
Calcutta
Syene
INDIA
Tropic of Cancer of Tropic Nile River Nile
Battle of (El) Alamein (El) of Battle
Dubai
Thebes BAHRAIN
Tenerife
Allahabad EGYPT Assam
Iwo Jima Iwo
Okinawa
LIBYA
Sinai Desert Sinai
D D ALGERIA
Giza
QATAR Punjab
Marsa Matruh Marsa Cairo
Palestine Islands Canary
KUWAIT
Himalayas MOROCCO
IRAQ
Nagasaki
ISRAEL
Alexandria
CHINA
AFGHANISTAN Habbaniyah Sumer
Jerusalem Fez
Tripoli
Baghdad Kashmir
TUNISIA
SYRIA
Madera Islands Madera
Haifa
Algiers Tangier Tokyo
Hiroshima LEBANON Azores Carthage
Hippo (Annaba) Hippo JAPAN KOREA
C C —Map 2 —Map Science of History Samarkland
UZBEKISTAN
KAZAKHSTAN
B B
Siberia
A A
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British Columbia A Alberta CANADA Queen Charlotte Islands
B Coal Harbor Vancouver Nanaimo New Hampshire Washington North Dakota Vermont Mt. Adams Hanford Montana Lake George Minnesota Montreal Newfoundland Richland Maine Portland Wisconsin Toronto C Columbia River South Dakota Gaylord North eld Penobscot Bay Nova Scotia History of Science—Map 3 Willamette River Mt. Hood Lake Michigan Halifax Oregon UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Rochester Woburn Racine Salem Michigan Allentown New York Chicago Boston Nebraska IndianaCleveland Pennsylvania Connecticut Massachusetts California Nevada Wendover Montezuma Indianapolis Pocono Mountains Colorado Philadelphia PrincetonNew York City D Utah Illinois Ohio Bishop Virginia City Colorado Springs Wabash River New Brunswick San Francisco Aspen St. Louis Terra Haute Cincinnati Atlantic City Kansas Louisville West Virginia Baltimore New Jersey Berkeley Evansville Washington, D. C. Modesto Missouri Kentucky Virginia Annapolis Buttonwillow Selma Los Alamos Oak Ridge Maryland Shafter Fort De ance Santa Fe Tennessee North Carolina Gallup Newport News E Mt. Wilson Fort Wingate Greenville Pasadena Arizona Albuquerque Fort Sumner South Carolina Los Angeles Camp Elliot New Mexico Myrtle Beach San Diego Louisiana Bermuda Texas F Livingston Florida St. Petersburg
G MEXICO Dry Tortugas Key West Caribbean/West Indies Hispaniola H
Palenque TRINIDAD
JAMAICA I ©2020 by Sonlight Curriculum, Ltd. All rights reserved. 8 9 Rio de Janeiro Sobral BRAZIL 7 SURINAME Tierra del Fuego Tierra 6 Port of SpainPort AFRICA ARGENTINA Patagonia SOUTH AMERICA 5 VENEZUELA Caracas CHILE 4 COLUMBIA PERU —Map 4 —Map Science of History 3 EQUADOR PANAMA Juan Fernandez Island Juan Fernandez HONDURAS 1 2 I J L F E C K A G B D H f'l · an tt\sto E.xp\or\ngJ\men?s: s-6 garten-1 \ As Grades. Kinder
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