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Bibliography of Map Projections AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOlOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the cur­ rent-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Sur­ vey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" Publications that are listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" are no longer available. Prices of reports released to the open files are given in the listing "U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports," updated month­ ly, which is for sale in microfiche from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications of general in­ Books of the U.S. Geological Survey are available over the terest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single copies of Earthquakes counter at the following Geological Survey Public Inquiries Offices, all & Volcanoes, Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, and some mis­ of which are authorized agents of the Superintendent of Documents: cellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtainable by mail from • WASHINGTON, D.C.--Main Interior Bldg., 2600 corridor, 18th and C Sts., NW. U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports • DENVER, Colorado--Federal Bldg., Rm. 169, 1961 Stout St. Federal Center, Box 25425 • LOS ANGELES, California--Federal Bldg., Rm. 7638, 300 N. Denver, CO 80225 Los Angeles St. • MENLO PARK, California--Bldg. 3 (Stop 533), Rm. 3128, Subscriptions to periodicals (Earthquakes & Volcanoes and 345 Middlefield Rd. Preliminary Determination of Epicenters) can be obtained ONLY from • RESTON, Vlrginla--503 National Center, Rm. 1C402, 12201 the Sunrise Valley Dr. • SALT LAKE CITY, Utah--Federal Bldg., Rm. 8105, 125 Superintendent of Documents South State St. Government Printing omce • SAN FRANCISCO, California--Customhouse, Rm. 504, 555 Washington, D.C. 20402 Battery St. • SPOKANE, Washington--U.S. Courthouse, Rm. 678, West (Check or money order must be payable to Superintendent of Docu­ 920 Riverside Ave.. ments.) • ANCHORAGE, Alaska--Rm. 101,4230 University Dr. • ANCHORAGE, Alaska--Federal Bldg, Rm. E-146, 701 C St. Maps For maps, address mail orders to U.S. Geological Survey, Map Distribution Maps Federal Center, Box 25286 Maps may be purchased over the counter at the U.S. Geologi­ Denver, CO 80225 cal Survey offices where books are sold (all addresses in above list) and at the following Geological Survey offices: Residents of Alaska may order maps from • ROLLA, Missourl--1400 Independence Rd. Alaska Distribution Section, U.S. Geological Survey, • DENVER, Colorado--Map Distribution, Bldg. 810, Federal New Federal Building - Box 12 Center 101 Twelfth Ave., Fairbanks, AK 99701 • FAIRBANKS, Alaska--New Federal Bldg., 101 Twelfth Ave. Bibliography of Map Projections Edited by JOHN P. SNYDER and HARRY STEWARD U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1856 DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUl HODEl, Secretary U.S. GEOlOGICAl SURVEY Dallas l. Peck, Director Any use of trade names and trade marks in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not constitute endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1988 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Box 25425 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Bibliography of map projections. (U.S. Geological Survey bulletin : 1856) Includes index. Supt. of Docs.: 119.3 1. Map-projection-Bibliography. I. Snyder, John Parr, 192&- . II. Series QE75.B9 no. 1856 [Z6021] [GA110] 557.3s 88-{,0(}174 [016.5268] PREFACE brief attachments to papers and books these have, for the most part, been sections of larger, The discipline of cartography has a rich and more general, works. Chief among these has complex history and a lengthy literature to been the Bibliography of Cartography published accompany it. Cartographers have not only by the Library of Congress in 1973 with a sup­ made maps; they have written about them in plement in 1980 and an unpublished second great detaiL One of the foremost of these topics supplement still in the process of assembly. has been that of map projections. Similar in significance are the near-annual The fascination, however, attendant upon listings of Bibliotheca Cartographica (1957- the problems of getting "the round Earth on flat 1972) and its successor, Bibliographia Carto­ paper," to use a title by Chamberlin (1947), has graphica (1974 to present), both published in captured the imagination of many others beyond Germany but compiled from international the realm of practical mapmaking. The writings contributions. of cartographers, surveyors, and geodesists are Additional valuable material has been thus accompanied not only by those of geogra­ derived from the published bibliography of the phers, mathematicians, engineers, astronomers, American Geographical Society, the periodic and other physical scientists, but also by contri­ compilations of Geographisches Jahrbuch, the butions from political scientists, artists, sociolo­ card-index of the Royal Geographical Society in gists, school teachers, architects, and a host of London, the annual listings of Zeitschrift fur others. Amateurs and professionals alike have Vermessungswesen, the relevant sections of been involved. Geographical Abstracts and Ceo-Abstracts, the The result is a body of literature, covering French Bibliographie Geographique Inter­ theory and practice, description and criticism, nationale, the International Catalogue of commentary and advocacy, that can lay good Scientific Literature, and the Russian publica­ claim to being the most extensively discussed tion, Referativnyy Zhurnal. Also of assistance subtopic within the confines of cartography. An have been the current-literature sections of a accounting of the many articles written not only number of journals such as The American Carto­ delineates the considerable extent of these out­ grapher, The Cartographic Journal, The Geo­ pourings but also indicates that there are many graphical Journal, Kartographische Nachrichten lines of research yet to be explored. It is to assist and others, and dozens of minor sources which the pursuit of such research, rather than to com­ provided many contributions not captured by the pile a mere inventory, that this bibliography has major compilations. been assembled. 'rhe editors' intention has been to compile a The work itself has its origins in the earlier bibliography that is the most comprehensive yet concerns of both editors, one having an accumu­ in its subject area. They are confident that with lation of references deriving from a decade or over 2,500 entries they have done so (some 900 more of active research in projection theory and entries through the second supplement of the practice, the other with involvement in a Bibliography of Cartography comprise the most previous bibliographic project and many years of complete previous undertaking). Nevertheless, interest in the literature of cartography. in the literal sense, they are well aware that this The pr·esent compilation is preceded by other work is not complete. The nature of bibliograph­ bibliographies, but apart from the numerous ical work of such magnitude clearly prevents iii such an ideal from being attained; to check all to favor modern Western public~tions. It is journals, all references, all libraries, all sources, believed that the effect is minor, however, and and all languages in an exhaustive manner is does not alter the qualitative aspect of the impossible without the provision of unlimited conclusions reached. resources and time. The 431 remaining citations fall into some The number of substantial references that smaller groupings. Italian, Polish, Hungarian, have escaped, however, can be few. Others have and Spanish amount to 210 or some 8.2 percent been excluded deliberately on a basis of subjec­ of the overall total; a slightly smaller number, tive evaluation, such as newspaper articles of 184, results from a larger group of 9 languages, insignificance, reviews unless deemed to add ranging from Chinese with 30 entries to Serbo­ important information, many of the computer Croatian at 11. Lastly, there is a minor category programs, and many minor and routine accounts of 11 languages totaling only 33 entries among in, for example, geography, navigation, or them, while 4 bibliographies, not assigned to a engineering texts. A few unpublished papers particular language, complete the picture. are included if they have been significantly English, however, has been broken down a referenced elsewhere. This bibliography still little further into 596 of United States origin, contains articles of lesser significance, but there 309 emanating from Great Britain,
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