Geocart 3 User's Manual

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Geocart 3 User's Manual User’s Manual Credits Application design & programming ........ Daniel “daan” Strebe & Paul J. Messmer. Manual design & authorship ................... Daniel “daan” Strebe, with Paul J. Messmer (Chapter 1, Appendices G&H.) Thanks to Tiffany M. Lillie, Sirus A Strebe, & Matthew Strebe for proofreading and many helpful comments. Dedicated to the memory of John Parr Snyder extraordinary researcher of and historian of map projections. He encouraged me. — daan Manual composed and edited using: • Adobe InDesign™ CS4 • Geocart™ • Adobe Photoshop™ • Adobe Illustrator™ This manual is typeset primarily in Adobe Garamond Pro with headings in Myriad Pro. Notices This manual describes Geocart 3.1. The maps you make with Geocart may be used however you see fit without license and without having to credit Geocart (though we would appreciate if you would when it is reasonable to do so). However, if you use geographic databases not supplied with Geocart, then you are responsible for properly licensing them. Some map projections included in Geocart were patented. Mapthematics LLC believes patents on all included projections have expired but accepts no responsibility for alleged infringement. Some corporations use logos similar in form to some map projections available in Geocart. The user of the Geocart software accepts sole responsibility for their use. The name Geocart is trademarked by Daniel R. Strebe in the United States of America. The Geocart software is copyrighted material belonging to Mapthematics LLC and Special Case Software LLC. You may not make copies of Geocart for other than backup purposes, and you may not lend or sell Geocart to another person or corporation unless you destroy all of your own copies before doing so. The media upon which this software and manual are recorded are guaranteed at the time of purchase. However, the author and publishers of this material make no warranties with respect to the suitability of this software for any particular purpose, and cannot be responsible for any consequences of its use. Information in this document is subject to change without notice and does not represent a commitment on the part of the copyright owner. The software described in this document is furnished under a license agreement or a nondisclosure agreement. The software may be used, copied or transferred only in accordance with the terms of the agreement. PostScript, PDF, Adobe Illustrator, Adobe Photoshop, and Adobe InDesign are trademarks of Adobe Systems Incorporated. Copyright ©1992-2010 Mapthematics LLC This document is copyrighted and all rights are reserved. It may not, in whole or part, be copied, photocopied, reproduced, translated, or reduced to any electronic medium or machine readable form without prior consent, in writing, from Mapthematics LLC. Contents Credits Notices Chapter 1: Setup Macintosh Information ........................................................................................................................... 1.1 Necessary Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 1.1 Installing Geocart on Macintosh ............................................................................................................ 1.1 Uninstalling Geocart on Macintosh ........................................................................................................ 1.3 Windows Information ............................................................................................................................... 1.4 Necessary Equipment ............................................................................................................................. 1.4 Installing Geocart 3 on Windows .......................................................................................................... 1.4 Uninstalling Geocart on Windows ......................................................................................................... 1.6 Licensing Geocart ..................................................................................................................................... 1.8 Technical Support ..................................................................................................................................... 1.8 Chapter 2: Introducing Geocart An Example Map ....................................................................................................................................... 2.1 Macintosh .............................................................................................................................................. 2.1 Windows ................................................................................................................................................ 2.1 Using the menus .................................................................................................................................... 2.2 Creating a map: ...................................................................................................................................... 2.2 Moving a map in the document ............................................................................................................. 2.2 Editing the map ..................................................................................................................................... 2.2 The Projection Class Menus .................................................................................................................... 2.5 The Geocart Menu (Mac only) ................................................................................................................. 2.7 The File Menu ............................................................................................................................................ 2.8 The Edit Menu............................................................................................................................................ 2.10 The Map Menu ........................................................................................................................................... 2.10 The Projection Menu ................................................................................................................................ 2.12 The Object Menu ....................................................................................................................................... 2.12 The View Menu .......................................................................................................................................... 2.13 The Window Menu (Windows) ................................................................................................................ 2.14 The Window Menu (Mac).......................................................................................................................... 2.14 The Help Menu .......................................................................................................................................... 2.14 Chapter 3: Essentials The Globe ................................................................................................................................................... 3.1 Latitude and longitude ........................................................................................................................... 3.1 The coordinate system ............................................................................................................................ 3.2 Graticule ................................................................................................................................................ 3.2 Scale ....................................................................................................................................................... 3.2 Great circle ............................................................................................................................................. 3.2 Rhumb ................................................................................................................................................... 3.3 Small circle ............................................................................................................................................. 3.3 Direction ................................................................................................................................................ 3.3 Earth’s shape ........................................................................................................................................... 3.3 Hemisphere ............................................................................................................................................ 3.4 Projections ................................................................................................................................................. 3.4 Problems with globes .............................................................................................................................. 3.4 Developable surface ................................................................................................................................ 3.4 Distortion .............................................................................................................................................. 3.4 Types of distortion ................................................................................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Bibliography of Map Projections
    AVAILABILITY OF BOOKS AND MAPS OF THE U.S. GEOlOGICAL SURVEY Instructions on ordering publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, along with prices of the last offerings, are given in the cur­ rent-year issues of the monthly catalog "New Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey." Prices of available U.S. Geological Sur­ vey publications released prior to the current year are listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" Publications that are listed in various U.S. Geological Survey catalogs (see back inside cover) but not listed in the most recent annual "Price and Availability List" are no longer available. Prices of reports released to the open files are given in the listing "U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Reports," updated month­ ly, which is for sale in microfiche from the U.S. Geological Survey, Books and Open-File Reports Section, Federal Center, Box 25425, Denver, CO 80225. Reports released through the NTIS may be obtained by writing to the National Technical Information Service, U.S. Department of Commerce, Springfield, VA 22161; please include NTIS report number with inquiry. Order U.S. Geological Survey publications by mail or over the counter from the offices given below. BY MAIL OVER THE COUNTER Books Books Professional Papers, Bulletins, Water-Supply Papers, Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations, Circulars, publications of general in­ Books of the U.S. Geological Survey are available over the terest (such as leaflets, pamphlets, booklets), single copies of Earthquakes counter at the following Geological Survey Public Inquiries Offices, all & Volcanoes, Preliminary Determination of Epicenters, and some mis­ of which are authorized agents of the Superintendent of Documents: cellaneous reports, including some of the foregoing series that have gone out of print at the Superintendent of Documents, are obtainable by mail from • WASHINGTON, D.C.--Main Interior Bldg., 2600 corridor, 18th and C Sts., NW.
    [Show full text]
  • The Mercator Projection: Its Uses, Misuses, and Its Association with Scientific Information and the Rise of Scientific Societies
    ABEE, MICHELE D., Ph.D. The Mercator Projection: Its Uses, Misuses, and Its Association with Scientific Information and the Rise of Scientific Societies. (2019) Directed by Dr. Jeff Patton and Dr. Linda Rupert. 309 pp. This study examines the uses and misuses of the Mercator Projection for the past 400 years. In 1569, Dutch cartographer Gerard Mercator published a projection that revolutionized maritime navigation. The Mercator Projection is a rectangular projection with great areal exaggeration, particularly of areas beyond 50 degrees north or south, and is ill-suited for displaying most reference and thematic world maps. The current literature notes the significance of Gerard Mercator, the Mercator Projection, the general failings of the projection, and the twentieth century controversies that arose as a consequence of its misuse. This dissertation illustrates the path of the institutionalization of the Mercator Projection in western cartography and the roles played by navigators, scientific societies and agencies, and by the producers of popular reference and thematic maps and atlases. The data are pulled from the publication record of world maps and world maps in atlases for content analysis. The maps ranged in date from 1569 to 1900 and displayed global or near global coverage. The results revealed that the misuses of the Mercator Projection began after 1700, when it was connected to scientists working with navigators and the creation of thematic cartography. During the eighteenth century, the Mercator Projection was published in journals and reports for geographic societies that detailed state-sponsored explorations. In the nineteenth century, the influence of well- known scientists using the Mercator Projection filtered into the publications for the general public.
    [Show full text]
  • 5 Orbit and Ground Track of a Satellite
    5 Orbit and Ground Track of a Satellite 5.1 Position of the Satellite on its Orbit Let (O; x, y, z) be the Galilean reference frame already defined. The satellite S is in an elliptical orbit around the centre of attraction O. The orbital plane P makes a constant angle i with the equatorial plane E. However, although this plane P is considered as fixed relative to in the Keplerian motion, in a real (perturbed) motion, it will in fact rotate about the polar axis. This is precessional motion,1 occurring with angular speed Ω˙ , as calculated in the last two chapters. A schematic representation of this motion is given in Fig. 5.1. We shall describe the position of S in using the Euler angles. 5.1.1 Position of the Satellite The three Euler angles ψ, θ and χ were introduced in Sect. 2.3.2 to specify the orbit and its perigee in space. In the present case, we wish to specify S. We obtain the correspondence between the Euler angles and the orbital elements using Fig. 2.1: ψ = Ω, (5.1) θ = i, (5.2) χ = ω + v. (5.3) Although they are fixed for the Keplerian orbit, the angles Ω, ω and M − nt vary in time for a real orbit. The inclination i remains constant, however. The distance from S to the centre of attraction O is given by (1.41), expressed in terms of the true anomaly v : a(1 − e2) r = . (5.4) 1+e cos v 1 The word ‘precession’, meaning ‘the action of preceding’, was coined by Coper- nicus around 1530 (præcessio in Latin) to speak about the precession of the equinoxes, i.e., the retrograde motion of the equinoctial points.
    [Show full text]
  • Map Projections: Other Interesting Projections file:///Users/Tob/Downloads/Progonos-Download
    Map Projections: Other Interesting Projections file:///Users/tob/Downloads/progonos-download/www.progon... Map Projections Other Interesting Projections The "van der Grinten" projections, clockwise from top left: van der Grinten's I, van der Grinten II (by Bludau), van der Grinten III (by Bludau) and the "apple-shaped" van der Grinten's IV. Countless projections were devised in centuries of map-making. Many designs cannot be readily classified in the main groups (azimuthal, cylindrical, pseudocylindrical, conic or pseudoconic), even though their design is similar or derived. A large number of projections whose graticule lines are circles or derived conic curves with different radii and centers are called by some authors polyconic (not to be confused with the particular group of polyconic projections). This is a broad and artificial category comprising otherwise unrelated projections. Projections by Van der Grinten An American, Alphons J. van der Grinten published in 1904 and 1905 two projections, 1 von 9 01.11.15 03:06 Map Projections: Other Interesting Projections file:///Users/tob/Downloads/progonos-download/www.progon... the first one devised as early as 1898. Both were designed for the equatorial aspect, with straight Equator and central meridian; all other parallels and meridians were circular arcs, with nonconcentric meridians regularly spaced along the Equator. Alois Bludau proposed in 1912 two modifications to the first version; the four designs soon came to be collectively — and confusingly — called "van der Grinten" projections: I. the first original projection, bounded by a circle II. Bludau's modification of I, with parallels crossing meridians at right angles III. Bludau's modification of I, with straight, horizontal parallels IV.
    [Show full text]
  • Mercator Projection
    U.S. ~eological Survey Profes-sional-Paper 1453 .. ~ :.. ' ... Department of the Interior BRUCE BABBITT Secretary U.S. Geological Survey Gordon P. Eaton, Director First printing 1989 Second printing 1994 Any use of trade names in this publication is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Geological Survey Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Snyder, John Parr, 1926- An album of map projections. (U.S. Geological Survey professional paper; 1453) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Supt. of Docs. no.: 119.16:1453 1. Map-projection. I. Voxland, Philip M. II. Title. Ill. Series. GA110.S575 1989 526.8 86-600253 For sale by Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Washington, DC 20401 United States Government Printing Office : 1989 CONTENTS Preface vii Introduction 1 McBryde·Thomas Flat-Polar Parabolic 72 Glossary 2 Quartic Authalic 74 Guide to selecting map projections 5 McBryde-Thomas Flat-Polar Quartic 76 Distortion diagrams 8 Putnii)S P5 78 Cylindrical projections DeNoyer Semi-Elliptical 80 Mercator 10 Robinson 82 Transverse Mercator 12 Collignon 84 Oblique Mercator 14 Eckert I 86 Lambert Cylindrical Equal-Area 16 Eckert II 88 Behrmann Cylindrical Equal-Area 19 Loximuthal 90 Plate Carree 22 Conic projections Equirectangular 24 Equidistant Conic 92 Cassini 26 Lambert Conformal Conic 95 Oblique Plate Carree 28 Bipolar Oblique Conic Conformal 99 Central Cylindrical 30 Albers Equal-Area Conic 100 Gall 33 Lambert Equal-Area Conic 102 Miller Cylindrical 35 Perspective Conic 104 Pseudocylindrical
    [Show full text]
  • For People Who Love Early Maps Early Love Who People for 14 9 No
    149 INTERNATIONAL MAP COLLECTORS’ SOCIETY SUMMER 2017 No.14 9 FOR PEOPLE WHO LOVE EARLY MAPS JOURNAL ADVERTISING Index of Advertisers 4 issues per year Colour B&W Altea Gallery 48 Full page (same copy) £950 £680 Half page (same copy) £630 £450 Antiquariaat Sanderus 2 Quarter page (same copy) £365 £270 Barron Maps 60 For a single issue Full page £380 £275 Barry Lawrence Ruderman 6 Half page £255 £185 Collecting Old Maps 60 Quarter page £150 £110 Flyer insert (A5 double-sided) £325 £300 Clive A Burden 14 Advertisement formats for print Daniel Crouch Rare Books 52 We can accept advertisements as print ready artwork Dominic Winter 46 saved as tiff, high quality jpegs or pdf files. Frame 13 It is important to be aware that artwork and files that have been prepared for the web are not of sufficient Jonathan Potter 14 quality for print. Full artwork specifications are available on request. Kenneth Nebenzahl Inc. 46 Kunstantiquariat Monika Schmidt 13 Advertisement sizes Librairie Le Bail 31 Please note recommended image dimensions below: Full page advertisements should be 216 mm high Loeb-Larocque 63 x 158 mm wide and 300–400 ppi at this size. The Map House inside front cover Half page advertisements are landscape and 105 mm high x 158 mm wide and 300–400 ppi at this size. Martayan Lan outside back cover Quarter page advertisements are portrait and are 105 Mostly Maps 48 mm high x 76 mm wide and 300–400 ppi at this size. Murray Hudson 48 Web banner IMCoS website Neatline Antique Maps 20 Those who advertise in our Journal have priority in taking a web banner also.
    [Show full text]